CN113155264B - Underwater blasting noise testing method - Google Patents
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- CN113155264B CN113155264B CN202110341495.4A CN202110341495A CN113155264B CN 113155264 B CN113155264 B CN 113155264B CN 202110341495 A CN202110341495 A CN 202110341495A CN 113155264 B CN113155264 B CN 113155264B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for testing underwater blasting noise, which adopts single-sound delay continuous blasting and comprises the following steps: setting underwater blasting test points according to the distribution of reefs, recording the blasting explosive quantity of each sound, driving wild animals to the safe area of the blasting test points, and detonating the blasting test points after confirming that no wild animals exist in the dangerous area of the blasting test points; noise monitoring points are respectively arranged at different distances and different underwater depths from the blasting test points, the noise value and the noise duration of each monitoring point are obtained according to the noise monitoring result, the single-response blasting explosive quantity is determined according to the noise value of each monitoring point, the time interval of two adjacent responses is determined according to the noise duration of each monitoring point, and the test is finished. Through the test to single-shot delay continuous blasting, the explosive quantity of single-shot blasting and the time interval of two adjacent shots are selected, the blasting noise is ensured to be controlled within the threshold range of fishery protection, and the noise increase caused by superposition resonance between the two adjacent shots can be prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater blasting, in particular to a method for testing underwater blasting noise.
Background
The underwater blasting is the blasting under the water surface, the surface of underwater earth rock or the interior of underwater rock stratum, and is generally used for blasting off reefs, dredging channels, deepening ports, digging foundation pits and grooves underwater, opening water drainage holes and the like.
The main underwater noise in the underwater blasting construction is derived from underwater drilling blasting, the underwater drilling blasting can generate stronger shock wave noise in water, and the damage caused by marine organisms can be caused by the overlarge blasting noise. At present, the underwater blasting noise reduction mainly controls blasting noise by limiting single-stage blasting explosive quantity, the single-stage blasting explosive quantity is limited, multiple blasting construction is needed, the blasting construction efficiency is limited by multiple blasting, the operation cost is high, the blasting efficiency can be improved by increasing the blasting explosive quantity, but the blasting noise is overlarge; due to the limitation of single-stage detonating explosive quantity, the detonation is particularly carried out in the channel, after sealing, the detonation is carried out, and frequent operation is carried out, so that the operation of the channel is influenced; for the water area with rare marine organisms, the detonation is carried out for many times, the interference to marine animals and plants is increased, and the problem of increasing environmental protection risks exists.
In order to improve the blasting efficiency, single-sound delay continuous blasting is usually adopted, the continuous blasting is easy to cause the blasting noise to generate superposition resonance, the noise is increased, and the single-sound dosage directly affects the blasting noise; therefore, it is necessary to test the blast to control noise within the threshold of fishery protection.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for testing underwater blasting noise, so as to solve the technical problem that single-sound delay continuous blasting is easy to cause the blasting noise to generate superposition resonance.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a method for testing underwater explosion noise, which is characterized by being used for reef explosion construction in coastal areas and adopting single-sound delay continuous explosion, and comprising the following steps:
s100, setting underwater blasting test points according to the distribution of reefs and recording the blasting explosive quantity of each sound;
s200, driving wild animals to a safe area of the blasting test point, and detonating the blasting test point after confirming that no wild animals exist in a dangerous area of the blasting test point;
s300, noise monitoring points are respectively arranged at different distances from the blasting test points and different underwater depths;
s400, acquiring noise values and noise duration time of each monitoring point according to the noise monitoring result;
s500, determining single-sound blasting explosive quantity according to the noise value of each monitoring point, and determining the time interval of two adjacent sounds according to the noise duration time of each monitoring point, wherein the test is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the method for testing the underwater blasting noise has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The single-sound delay continuous blasting test is carried out, so that the explosive quantity of the single-sound blasting and the time interval between two adjacent sounds are selected, the noise of the single-sound blasting is controlled within the threshold value range of fishery protection, the time interval between two sounds is determined, the increase of the noise caused by superposition resonance between the two adjacent sounds can be prevented, the blasting efficiency can be improved to the greatest extent, the blasting construction times are reduced, and the channel occupation time is reduced; the wild animals are driven before the blasting test, so that the interference of blasting noise on the wild animals can be effectively reduced.
(2) Six sections are arranged at the blasting point to improve blasting efficiency, and two adjacent sections are connected by adopting a 1 second delay detonating tube detonator to prevent resonance of two adjacent bursts.
(3) The explosive doses of two adjacent sections are different, so that superposition resonance between two adjacent sections can be effectively prevented.
(4) The material for driving the cannon is a No. 8 non-electric detonator with the unit drug loading capacity of 0.8g, the material for driving the cannon is a small equivalent non-electric detonator for engineering, the explosion energy is limited, and the range of a dangerous area for generating potential injury to marine animals is small.
(5) The two driving cannons are detonated at intervals, and the target animals or other marine animals can be prevented from turning back after the first driving cannon is detonated; the two driving cannons are distributed at different underwater depth positions, so that the driving cannons can drive wild animals from multiple directions, and the driving effect is improved.
(6) And performing two blasting tests, wherein a plurality of test points are arranged in each blasting test, and each test point is provided with a plurality of hydrophones so as to improve the accuracy of the test.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for testing underwater blast noise of the present invention;
figure 2 is a reef hole distribution pattern of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a layout of blasting points and monitoring points of the blasting sea area of the present invention-morning;
FIG. 4 is a layout of blasting points and monitoring points of the blasting sea area of the present invention-afternoon;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent cross-section of the monitoring point layout of the present invention-morning;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent end face of the monitoring point layout of the present invention-afternoon;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a blasting network connection of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at a water depth of 10m by a hydrophone at a first monitoring point in the morning of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at 15m water depth by a hydrophone at a first monitoring point in the morning of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a frequency domain plot of shock wave sound pressure measured at a water depth of 10m by a hydrophone at a first monitoring point in the morning of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at a water depth of 8m by a hydrophone at a second monitoring point in the morning of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at a water depth of 10m by a hydrophone at a second monitoring point in the morning of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph of the frequency domain of the sound pressure of the shock wave measured by the hydrophone at the second monitoring point in the morning at a water depth of 10 m;
FIG. 14 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at a water depth of 2m for a hydrophone at a third monitoring point in the morning of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at 6m depth by a hydrophone at a third monitoring point in the morning of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at a water depth of 10m for a hydrophone at a third monitoring point in the morning of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at 15m water depth by a hydrophone at a third monitoring point in the morning of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a frequency domain plot of shock wave sound pressure measured at a water depth of 10m by the hydrophone at the third monitoring point in the morning of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at a water depth of 10m by a hydrophone at a first monitoring point in the afternoon in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at a water depth of 12m by a hydrophone at a first afternoon monitoring point of the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a frequency domain plot of shock wave sound pressure measured at a water depth of 12m by a hydrophone at a first afternoon monitoring point of the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at a water depth of 10m by a hydrophone at a second monitoring point in the afternoon in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at 15m water depth by a hydrophone at a second monitoring point in the afternoon in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 24 is a frequency domain plot of shock wave sound pressure measured at 15m depth by the hydrophone at the second monitoring point in the afternoon according to the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at a water depth of 2m by a hydrophone at a third monitoring point in the afternoon of the present invention;
FIG. 26 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at 6m depth by the hydrophone at the third monitoring point in the afternoon of the present invention;
FIG. 27 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at a water depth of 10m by a hydrophone at a third monitoring point in the afternoon of the present invention;
FIG. 28 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at 15m water depth by the hydrophone at the third monitoring point in the afternoon of the present invention;
FIG. 29 is a time domain plot of shock wave sound pressure measured at 15m depth by the hydrophone at the third monitoring point in the afternoon according to the present invention;
figure 30 is a schematic diagram of a reef explosion hole distribution in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 31 is a predicted plot of sound pressure level of underwater blast noise versus distance from the blast point in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 32 is a time domain plot of the measured acoustic pressure of the present invention;
FIG. 33 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at 10m of the depth of the water at three monitoring points in the morning of the present invention;
fig. 34 is a time domain plot of sound pressure measured at 10m of the depth of the water at three monitoring points afternoon in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will clearly and fully describe the technical aspects of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The reef area is located in the main habitat of white dolphin, the wild protection animals are mainly white dolphin, the target animals in this blasting are white dolphin, and in order to be careful, the first blasting should be performed according to the safety distance (out of 1500m upstream and 1000m downstream) specified by the blasting safety regulations, and in this embodiment, the safety distance is out of 1500m from the blasting point. In order to avoid the influence of the explosion noise on the white dolphin, the explosion noise needs to be controlled to be 160dB within the limit value of fishery protection, namely, the explosion noise outside 1500m from the explosion point is smaller than 160dB. The white dolphin driving measures are required before the field blasting operation, and the explosive amount of each section is not more than 138kg according to the requirements of the criticizing report, and in the embodiment, the explosive amount of each section is limited within 90kg. The construction area is positioned in the same navigation channel, and the white dolphin is driven and sealed before each air-protecting operation.
The construction method for reducing underwater explosion noise provided by the embodiment adopts single-sound delay continuous explosion, wherein the single-sound delay continuous explosion refers to single-sound delay multi-sound continuous explosion, and comprises the following steps:
the single-shot blasting explosive quantity and the time interval of two adjacent blasts are determined through an underwater blasting test, the preset single-shot blasting explosive quantity is not more than 90kg, the preset safe area is located at a distance of 1500m from a blasting point, the noise threshold value of the boundary of the safe area is limited to 160dB, and meanwhile the influence of blasting noise on a coast building is tested.
Setting underwater explosion test points according to the distribution of reefs and recording the explosion dosage of each sound, determining the distance of the explosion test points from the coast as a, setting three monitoring points according to the positions of the explosion test points, wherein the three monitoring points are a first monitoring point, a second monitoring point and a third monitoring point respectively, and the first monitoring point monitors a dangerous area (a preset dangerous area is 300m away from the explosion point); the second monitoring point is used for monitoring the building influence of the blasting noise coast; the third monitoring point is close to the safety area and monitors whether the noise of the safety area is smaller than a threshold value; the distance between the first monitoring point and the blasting test point can be set to be 0.2-0.3 a, the distance between the second monitoring point and the blasting test point can be set to be 0.8-0.9 a, and the distance between the third monitoring point and the blasting test point can be set to be 900-1200 m. The blasting test comprises two times, wherein the two times of blasting test are respectively carried out in the morning and afternoon of the day, specifically, the blasting points of the two times of blasting test are different, the blasting point of the morning blasting test is 500m away from the coast, and the blasting point of the afternoon blasting test is 380m away from the coast.
In the morning blasting test, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the first monitoring point is 100m away from the morning blasting test point, two hydrophones are arranged under the water of the first monitoring point, and the two hydrophones are respectively positioned at the positions of 10m and 15m of the underwater depth of the first monitoring point. The second monitoring point is 410m away from the morning blasting test point, two hydrophones are arranged under the water of the second monitoring point, and the two hydrophones are respectively positioned at the positions of 8m and 10m of the underwater depth of the second monitoring point. The third monitoring point is located at 1150m from the morning blasting test point, four hydrophones are arranged under the water of the third monitoring point, and the four hydrophones are located at the positions of 2m, 6m, 10m and 15m of the underwater depth of the third monitoring point respectively. Hydrophones are used to monitor noise duration, noise value, and noise propagation.
In the afternoon blasting test, as shown in fig. 4 and 6, the first monitoring point is 90m away from the afternoon blasting test point, and the underwater depth of the first monitoring point is provided with two hydrophones, and the two hydrophones are respectively positioned at 10m and 12m of the underwater depth of the first monitoring point. The second monitoring point is 330m away from the afternoon blasting test point, two hydrophones are arranged under the water of the second monitoring point, and the two hydrophones are respectively positioned at the positions of 10m and 15m of the underwater depth of the second monitoring point. The third monitoring point is 960m away from the afternoon blasting test point, four hydrophones are arranged under the water of the third monitoring point, and the four hydrophones are respectively positioned at the positions of 2m, 6m, 10m and 15m of the underwater depth of the third monitoring point.
As shown in fig. 7, the blasting test is set to six sections, each hole is divided into 2 sections, 3 sections, 4 sections, 5 sections, 6 sections and 7 sections, and 1 section of instantaneous (no delay) detonating tube detonator is used for wiring. The explosive consumption of each section is respectively as follows: 66kg, 63kg, 69kg, 72kg, 57kg and 69kg in the morning, total 392kg; 81kg, 84kg, 87kg, 78kg, 81kg and 78kg, together with 489kg, in the afternoon. The explosive can be waterproof emulsion explosive, the exploder can be an electric spark exploder, six sections are arranged at the explosion point to improve the explosion efficiency, and two adjacent sections are connected by adopting a 1 second delay detonating tube detonator to prevent two adjacent explosions from resonating. The single-stage detonating explosive quantity can be distributed according to 'small, large and medium'. Before the explosion test, the wild animals are driven to the safe area of the explosion test point, and the explosion test point can be detonated only after the condition that no wild animals exist in the dangerous area of the explosion test point is confirmed.
The method for repelling wild animals comprises the following steps: and taking the No. 8 non-electric detonator with the unit drug loading of 0.8g as a material for driving the cannons, and arranging the driving cannons within a range of 100m from the blasting test point by using a construction ship. Two driving cannons can be selected, the two driving cannons are distributed at different underwater depths, one driving cannon is distributed at a position 20-30 cm away from the seabed in water, and the other driving cannon is distributed at a position half of the water depth in water. The two driving cannons can drive marine animals from different underwater depths, and one driving cannon is close to the sea bottom to prevent the marine animals from hiding into the sea bottom so as to improve the driving effect. The two driving cannons should be detonated at intervals, and the interval time is usually 50-70S.
And the driving boat drives the wild animals to a safe area for driving the small cannon to explode, and detonates the driving small cannon after confirming that the wild animals do not exist in a dangerous area for driving the small cannon to explode, and detonates the explosion test point after confirming the time interval between the detonation of the driving small cannon and the detonation of the explosion test point. The two driving cannons are detonated at intervals, and the detonation time interval of the two driving cannons is 50-70S, so that resonance generated during detonation of the two driving cannons can be effectively prevented, and target animals or other marine animals can be prevented from turning back after detonation of the first driving cannons. And drilling the underwater blasting test point by adopting an air compressor drilling construction ship, and closing the air compressor before blasting of the driving cannon.
Table 1 position of each monitoring point and depth of hydrophone arrangement
The monitoring results plotted according to the results of the underwater blasting test are shown below:
table 2 monitoring results for each monitoring point-am
TABLE 3 monitoring results for each monitoring Point-afternoon
Fig. 8 to 29 are time domain diagrams of sound pressures measured by the hydrophone at different depths under water.
Before the field blasting test, background noise of the blasting area is synchronously monitored, and the monitoring results of the background noise of the blasting area in the morning and afternoon are shown in the following table:
TABLE 4 Marine background noise monitoring results for construction-morning
TABLE 5 Marine background noise monitoring results for construction-afternoon
Comparing the sound pressure spectrum levels of the underwater noise before blasting and during blasting, and comparing the average sound pressure spectrum level obtained by different monitoring points under the same depth (10 m underwater) during six sections of underwater blasting with the sound pressure spectrum level value of the background noise of the sea area during non-blasting construction, wherein the results of the morning and afternoon are shown in the following table:
TABLE 6 comparison of sound pressure levels of noise under water at blasting and at non-blasting-morning unit (dB/1 uPa)
TABLE 7 comparison of sound pressure levels of noise under water at blasting and at non-blasting-pm unit (dB/1 uPa)
According to the relation of noise propagation along with the change of distance and simultaneously according to a threshold value standard and a sound pressure time domain diagram of each monitoring point, the prediction of the influence distance of the Chinese white dolphin is given, and the prediction diagram is shown in fig. 31.
Table 8 sound pressure level distribution of underwater drilling and blasting noise
Table 9 influence distance prediction of underwater blasting noise sound pressure level on Chinese white dolphin
As can be seen from a combination of fig. 31 and table 9, the predicted distance is 289m, which is less than 300m; the warning area is 1028 meters which is smaller than 1500m, and the interference of blasting noise to wild animals can be effectively reduced when the wild animals are driven out of 1500 m.
The resonance requirement of the two-sound blasting is tested in the early stage, and through the noise monitoring carried out under the condition that the single-stage blasting dosage is controlled to be 90kg in the early stage, as shown in fig. 32, the acoustic pressure time domain diagram (285 m from the blasting point) of the early-stage hydrophone is measured at the positions of 3m and 10m, the blasting noise blasting duration is less than 120ms, and the peak duration is very short. When the time of two blasting exceeds a certain interval (about 120 ms), the blasting noise does not have the superposition resonance, and the noise cannot be obviously increased. The noise can be controlled within the threshold value regulated by fishery protection theoretically by adopting a multi-sound delay continuous explosion mode.
The water impact wave generated by the underwater explosion is overlapped with the hydrostatic pressure, so that the pressure change process at a certain fixed position under the water can be increased to the peak pressure at the moment of microsecond magnitude. But the duration is short and after the initial peak pressure comes, the pressure begins to drop exponentially with time. The pressure value drops rapidly in a period of several milliseconds.
When blasting in underwater boreholes, energy is mainly transmitted in the water in the form of water shock waves, and the pressure of the generated shock wave peak weakens with the increase of the distance from the blasting source.
The water depth of the blasting sea area is about 18m, the shock wave in the water is reflected from the sea surface to form a negative pressure area, the shock wave is reflected from the surface of the sea bottom to form a positive pressure area, and the waveform of the shock wave is continuously expanded and prolonged along with the increase of the distance from the blasting source.
Compared with the sound pressure spectrum level of the ocean background noise before drilling and blasting, the monitoring result in the morning shows that the underwater drilling and blasting in this time is 100m away from the drilling and blasting point, so that the underwater noise spectrum level in the sea area is improved by an order of magnitude of approximately 36-50 dB in a wider frequency range (20 Hz-20 kHz) (the result in the afternoon is 36-57 dB). At 410m from the explosion point, the underwater drilling and explosion of the current time leads the underwater noise spectrum level of the sea area to be improved by the order of magnitude of approximately 18-37 dB in a wider frequency range (20 Hz-20 kHz) (the afternoon result is 20-31 dB). The current underwater drilling and blasting at 1150m from the drilling and blasting point leads the underwater noise spectrum level of the sea area to be improved by the order of magnitude of approximately 18-29 dB in a wider frequency range (20 Hz-20 kHz) (the afternoon result is 3-35 dB).
In the test, acquiring the noise duration time t1 of the first monitoring point, the noise duration time t2 of the second monitoring point and the noise duration time t3 of the third monitoring point; determining the detonation time interval T of two adjacent rings, wherein T is more than t1+120ms, T is more than t2+120ms and T is more than t3+120ms; and if the root mean square sound pressure level of the noise value of the third monitoring point is larger than 160dB, determining the dosage of the blasting test. As shown in fig. 33 and 34, the noise duration of each of the three monitoring points is less than 500ms. The millisecond time between each section of the current underwater drilling and blasting is set to be 1.0s, and as shown in fig. 33 and 34, the time intervals between the direct waves of each section are uneven from the blasting time domain diagram obtained by measurement. Although the predetermined slight difference interval is not reached, there is no significant increase in the pop noise. Therefore, the blasting construction can select 1 second delay detonating tube detonator, the 1 second delay detonating tube detonator is enough, the two adjacent rings of detonating time interval is about 500ms, the blasting explosive amount of each section is not easy to be too small, and the blasting explosive amount of each section is 55-90 kg.
Performing blasting test before blasting construction to determine the explosive amount and the time interval between two adjacent blasts, and reducing the possibility of error during blasting construction so as to improve the safety of blasting construction; the wild animals are driven to a safe area before the blasting test, so that the noise of the blasting test is reduced to cause interference to the wild animals.
Setting blasting points according to the distribution condition of the reefs, wherein each blasting point is provided with a plurality of sections, and one section is a sound; six sections can be set according to the blasting test result, each hole is divided into 2 sections, 3 sections, 4 sections, 5 sections, 6 sections and 7 sections, and 1 section of instantaneous (without delay) detonating tube detonator is adopted for wiring. The explosive amount of each section can be determined according to the test result, namely the single-section explosive amount is 55-90 kg, and the blasting network diagram on the reef is shown in figure 2.
And (3) drilling each section according to a preset blasting point, and adopting down-the-hole impact drilling to drill to the designed hole bottom elevation (including the super drilling depth) at one time, so that quincuncial hole distribution is realized. The down-the-hole impact drill can be firmly installed on a workbench of a construction ship, and the hole site can be placed by adopting a GPS. The drill rod should be firmly installed to prevent the phenomenon of falling the rod or sliding rod. Carrying out composite encryption on the elevation control point and the coordinate control point before drilling; the lower drilling and blasting are preferably carried out from deep water to shallow water and from downstream to upstream in sequence from one drilling to the bottom elevation of the blast hole design. In order to prevent the drill holes from being misplaced and deflected due to the influence of water flow. The drilling ship should be stable, and the positioning should be accurate and checked frequently; deviation of drilling position: inland river should be smaller than 20cm, coastal should be smaller than 40cm, and as shown in figure 30, is a schematic diagram of reef explosion hole distribution. Or a lifting rope is tied at the position of 1.0-1.5 m on the sleeve pin, the rope head is pulled to the upstream position, the special care is carried out, the machine is controlled by a person to slowly loosen along with the sinking of the sleeve until the sleeve is in the right position, then the rope is taken off, and the drilling rod is put down for drilling operation. When the drill ship is shifted, the drill rod is lifted out of the water surface, so that the drill rod is prevented from scraping the blasting network.
And after the drilling is finished, the operations of charging and plugging the holes are carried out on each section, the explosive quantity of each section is determined according to the explosion test result, and the explosive quantities of two adjacent sections are different. Before charging, the mud sand and stone chips in the holes are blown out, and whether the hole depth meets the requirements or not is measured; the explosive is a rock emulsion explosive or seismic explosive with strong waterproofness and good explosion performance, and the diameter of the explosive can be 120mm by adopting a specially-made circular plastic cylinder to charge the explosive in the field. The processed steel is ready to be put into the hole. When the medicine is filled, the medicine bag lifting rope is pulled stably, and is matched with the medicine feeding rod, so that the medicine bag blocked in the hole is not impacted and extruded forcibly: the deepwater blasting adopts a bamboo pole as a medicine feeding pole. When the underwater deep hole adopts the segmented charging in the hole, the space between the segments is filled with stuffing: the filling length in the time delay blasting in the hole is not smaller than the gap distance of the explosive. The underwater drilling and blasting should be filled with crushed stone or coarse sand and crushed stone mixture smaller than 2.0cm, and the filling length should be not less than 0.5m.
Before charging, cleaning up the sediment and stone chips in the holes to prevent the sediment and stone chips from blocking the explosive; the operation of poking the explosive to the hole bottom is carried out during the explosive loading, so that the explosion at the hole bottom is ensured, and the explosion quality is improved; after the powder is charged, broken stone with the length less than 2cm is adopted to plug the hole, the plugging length is not less than 0.5m, and the hole is plugged, so that the noise generated by blasting is reduced.
The underwater drilling blasting adopts a delay initiation network, and a second delay detonating tube detonator is preferably placed in the hole: the monitoring is that the engineering adopts underwater drilling and blasting construction implemented by different dosage, the underwater drilling and blasting adopts a 1-second section delay interval time, the actual effect can reach 400-1000 ms, the hole or row millisecond delay pre-splitting is implemented, and the detonation is carried out hole by hole; two driving cannons (non-electric detonators adopted in water) can be added before drilling and blasting so as to achieve the purpose of warning and driving Chinese white dolphin in advance. When the priming circuit is adopted in hole extension, measures should be taken to protect the priming circuit. One section of each hole is connected with two adjacent sections of one blasting point through a second delay detonating tube detonator, and the second delay detonating tube detonator is a 1 second delay detonating tube detonator.
The method for checking the influence factors of underwater blasting noise specifically comprises the following steps of: the constructor needs to carry out construction operation after training and checking the post, and the explosive column extruded and deformed in the explosive carrying process is inspected; and (3) checking out the explosive which is not stuck with the qualification certificate, checking out the package of the damaged second delay detonating primer, checking out the second delay detonating primer which is not subjected to the delay detonation qualification certificate, performing water test and deepwater compression resistance monitoring on the second delay detonating primer, and performing deepwater compression resistance monitoring and waterproof monitoring on the primer which is fed in batches before the first construction. And the drill ship air compressor stops working when detonating.
Before detonation, the influence factors of underwater explosion noise are checked to ensure that explosion construction is carried out smoothly, improve the safety of explosion construction, reduce explosion noise to the greatest extent, and the air compressor of the drilling ship stops generating superposition resonance by the difference between the noise generated by the air compressor of the fire fighting branch and the explosion noise.
And (5) warning the clear field, driving the wild protected animals to a safe area, and issuing a seal voyage forecast.
The method comprises the steps of adopting a driving ship and driving wild animals to a safe area far away from a blasting center through an acoustic wall driving method, specifically, arranging two driving cannons within a range 100m away from the blasting point, wherein the two driving cannons are respectively arranged at different underwater depths, and the driving cannons are respectively a first driving cannon and a second driving cannon, wherein the driving cannons are made of 8 # non-electric detonators with unit drug loading capacity of 0.8 g; the first driving cannon is arranged at a position 20-30 cm away from the seabed in water, so that wild animals close to the seabed can be effectively driven; the second driving cannons are distributed at the position of half the water depth in the water, the two driving cannons are detonated at intervals, the interval time is 50-70 seconds, so that the wild animals are prevented from turning back, and the two driving cannons are arranged to drive the wild animals in all directions.
Before blasting, fixed point observation points are set on the upper and lower streams of the construction area, and trained observers are entrusted to observe and record the activity of the Chinese dolphin in the construction area every day.
In view of the fact that the Chinese white dolphin swimming animals can actively avoid when being interfered by the outside. For continuous blasting, the white dolphin will quickly escape from the blastfield, except that the first shot blasting will have a greater effect on the white dolphin in the blastfield, with the remaining shots having relatively less effect on the self dolphin. By adopting necessary environmental protection measures, such as strengthening the observation and understanding of the construction sea area, driving the sound wall and other methods, the possible influence on the white dolphin can be greatly reduced.
After the arrangement of the driving cannons is finished, a sound wall driving method is adopted to drive the medium Hua Bai dolphin. The acoustic wall driving method is to use the echo positioning function of the Chinese white dolphin to drive the Chinese self-dolphin to stay or prevent the Chinese self-dolphin from entering the explosion dangerous area through the artificially manufactured acoustic wall. The specific method comprises the following steps: a bamboo pole with the length of 2m and the diameter of 30-50 mm is arranged at intervals of 0.5-1 m on two sides of the ship board of the driving ship, or a telescopic pole is adopted, and the bamboo pole can be inserted into water for 20-40 cm. The number of the bamboo poles is determined according to the length of the ship, and is generally about 7, the upper end and the lower end of each bamboo pole are connected with transverse poles, and the transverse poles connect the bamboo poles into bamboo rows. After the completion, 4 driving boats are outwards arranged in a fan shape from the explosion point, an s-shaped line is adopted to slowly run, a special person is dispatched on the boat to knock the last bamboo pole according to the process from the first bamboo pole to the first bamboo pole, the last bamboo pole is knocked back and forth, the boat speed is continuously changed, irregular noise is produced, and a continuous sound wall is formed. The driving mechanism can be arranged on the ship, and the knocking rod is driven by the driving mechanism to hit the bamboo poles, so that the labor is saved. The ship can stop when opening out about 1600-2000 m beyond the explosion point, and the bamboo poles are continuously transversely knocked until the explosion is finished, so that the wild animals are prevented from turning back. And in the process of withdrawing the construction ship from the safety area to prepare for detonation, the whistle warning is driven. And if no wild animal exists in the explosion hazard area, the driving cannons can be detonated, the two driving cannons are adopted to drive the wild animal, the two driving cannons are detonated at intervals, and the interval time is 50-70 seconds, so that the wild animal is prevented from turning back, and the condition that the wild animal does not exist in the explosion hazard area is ensured.
Before detonating, a specially-assigned person needs to watch on a driving ship and a construction ship, if white dolphin is found to appear in a construction sea area, the detonating should be stopped immediately, an interphone is used for being connected with a responsible person on a construction site, driving measures are formulated, the middle Hua Bai dolphin is driven, and the detonating can be performed until the driving distance is beyond 1500m from a blasting center, and after the white dolphin is determined to leave. Before detonation, the wild animals are alerted and cleared, and the wild protection animals are driven to a safe area, so that the wild animals are prevented from being influenced by blasting noise.
Each time the detonation is initiated, a construction technician must record the explosive quantity of the explosion, the driving condition and the post-explosion sea condition. After the blasting is finished, a blaster must carefully check whether blind shots exist in the blasting area according to the regulations, and when the blind shots are found or suspected, the blind shots should be immediately reported and timely processed. After blasting is finished, checking that a blind gun is wrong in a blasting area, if the blind gun is wrong, processing the blind gun immediately, and cleaning the blind gun in time to prevent the blind gun from damaging the wild.
Through single-sound delay continuous explosion, the explosion efficiency is improved, the explosion construction times are reduced, and the channel occupation time is reduced; under the condition of controlling single-sound explosive quantity, the interval between each explosion is adjusted through the detonating tube detonator with a delay of 1 second, and the explosive quantity used between two adjacent explosions is different, so that the vibration frequencies of two adjacent sounds are inconsistent, the generation of superposition resonance between the two adjacent explosions can be effectively prevented, and the explosion noise is controlled within a fishery protection threshold value; the wild animals are driven before blasting, so that the interference of blasting noise to the wild animals can be effectively prevented.
The size and the propagation condition of noise generated by different explosive amounts under water are mastered through the underwater blasting test, and the construction safety is proved by data. Through test data, the reliability and the scientificity of the scheme are improved for the formulated noise reduction measures, the selected blasting materials and the formulated blasting process, and the construction safety and the environmental protection risk are effectively reduced. According to the technical scheme, the blasting construction efficiency is effectively improved, the project construction period is shortened, and the cost is saved.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for testing underwater explosion noise is characterized by being used for reef explosion construction in coastal areas and adopting single-sound delay continuous explosion, and comprises the following steps of:
s100, setting underwater blasting test points according to the distribution of reefs and recording the blasting explosive quantity of each sound;
s200, driving wild animals to a safe area of the blasting test point, and detonating the blasting test point after confirming that no wild animals exist in a dangerous area of the blasting test point;
s300, noise monitoring points are respectively arranged at different distances from the blasting test points and different underwater depths;
s310, determining the distance a of the blasting test point from the coast;
s320, setting three monitoring points according to the positions of the blasting test points, wherein the three monitoring points are a first monitoring point, a second monitoring point and a third monitoring point respectively;
the distance between the first monitoring point and the blasting test point is 0.2-0.4 a, the first monitoring point is provided with two hydrophones, and the two hydrophones are positioned at different underwater depths;
the distance between the second monitoring point and the blasting test point is 0.8-0.9 a, the second monitoring point is provided with two hydrophones, and the two hydrophones are positioned at different underwater depths;
the distance between the third monitoring point and the blasting test point is 900-1200 m, the third monitoring point is provided with four hydrophones, and the four hydrophones are positioned at different underwater depths;
s400, acquiring noise values and noise duration time of each monitoring point according to the noise monitoring result;
s500, determining single-sound blasting explosive quantity according to the noise value of each monitoring point, and determining the time interval of two adjacent sounds according to the noise duration time of each monitoring point, wherein the test is finished;
s510, acquiring the noise duration t of the first monitoring point 1 Noise duration t of the second monitoring point 2 And a noise duration t of the third monitoring point 3 ；
S520, determining the detonation time interval T of two adjacent rings, wherein T is more than T 1 +120ms、T＞t 2 +120ms and T > T 3 +120ms；
And S530, if the noise root mean square sound pressure level of the noise value of the third monitoring point is larger than 160dB, determining the dosage of the blasting test.
2. The method for testing underwater explosion noise according to claim 1, wherein six sections are arranged on the explosion test points, and 1 second delay detonating tube detonator connection is adopted between two adjacent sections.
3. The method for testing underwater blast noise according to claim 2, wherein the amount of blasting agent is different between two adjacent sections.
4. A method of testing underwater blast noise as claimed in claim 3, wherein each of said sections has a blasting charge of less than 90kg.
5. The method for testing underwater blast noise according to claim 1, wherein said S200 comprises the steps of:
s210, taking a No. 8 non-electric detonator with the unit drug loading of 0.8g as a material for driving the cannons:
s220, using a construction ship to arrange the driving cannon within a range of 100m from the blasting test point;
s230, the driving boat drives the wild animals to a safety area for driving the small cannons to explode;
s240, detonating the driving cannons after confirming that no wild animals exist in the dangerous area of the driving cannon blasting;
s250, confirming the time interval between the detonation of the driving cannon and the detonation of the blasting test point, and detonating the blasting test point after a period of time.
6. The method for testing underwater blast noise according to claim 5, wherein the number of the driving cannons is two, the two driving cannons are arranged at different underwater depth positions, and the two driving cannons are detonated at intervals.
7. The method for testing underwater blast noise according to claim 6, wherein the underwater blast test point is drilled by using an air compressor drilling construction ship, and the air compressor is turned off before the blasting is driven.
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