CN113154441B - Pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving low-load stable combustion capacity of boiler - Google Patents

Pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving low-load stable combustion capacity of boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113154441B
CN113154441B CN202110502175.2A CN202110502175A CN113154441B CN 113154441 B CN113154441 B CN 113154441B CN 202110502175 A CN202110502175 A CN 202110502175A CN 113154441 B CN113154441 B CN 113154441B
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layer
coal
pipeline
pulverized coal
connecting pipe
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CN113154441A (en
Inventor
佘园元
周平
柳宏刚
王志刚
陈罡
周志培
成汭珅
周凌宇
刘辉
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/025Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electrical or electromechanical means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D1/00Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00Systems for controlling combustion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving low-load stable combustion capacity of a boiler, wherein an outlet of a first layer pulverized coal pipeline is communicated with a first layer burner on a boiler hearth, and an outlet of a second layer pulverized coal pipeline is communicated with a second layer burner on the boiler hearth; one end of the first connecting pipe and one end of the second connecting pipe are communicated with the first layer of pulverized coal pipeline, and the other end of the first connecting pipe and the other end of the second connecting pipe are communicated with the second layer of pulverized coal pipeline; be provided with first shutoff door on the first tie pipe, be provided with the aperture regulating gate on the second tie pipe, be provided with the concentrated piece of striking formula buggy in the first layer buggy pipeline, be provided with the second shutoff door on the second layer buggy pipeline, the device can effectively strengthen the burning, improves combustion efficiency.

Description

Pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving low-load stable combustion capacity of boiler
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of thermal power generation equipment, and relates to a pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving low-load stable combustion capacity of a boiler.
Background
The deep peak regulation capability of the coal-fired thermal power generating unit mainly depends on the low-load stable combustion capability of a boiler, particularly aiming at most of straight condensing units. The main technical measures for improving the low-load stable combustion capacity of the boiler comprise: the method is suitable for the reformation of a combustor with flexibility and peak regulation, the reformation of a powder preparation system, the reformation of coal with high volatile matter blended and the reformation of combustion supporting such as plasma, micro oil, oxygen enrichment and the like.
Finally, the performance of the low-nitrogen burner system becomes a main factor for determining the low-load stable combustion capability of the boiler under the specific boiler characteristic parameters and the coal-fired condition. In a thick-thin combustion system, the high-concentration pulverized coal airflow towards the fire side has great significance for ignition and stable combustion of the whole combustion system. Many studies have shown that a high concentration pulverized coal flame has an optimum pulverized coal concentration at which ignition is most stable and combustion efficiency is highest. Researches such as Wang Xuebin and Zhang Limeng of the university of western-security transportation and the like show that the optimal coal dust concentration of anthracite with poor ignition characteristics is obviously higher than that of bituminous coal with better ignition characteristics, the optimal coal dust concentration is reduced along with the increase of the product of coal calorific value and volatile components, and the optimal coal dust concentration values of several kinds of bituminous coal and lean coal are concentrated between 0.54 and 0.76.
However, in order to prevent coal supply machine from breaking off and jumping out and improve the load response rate of the unit, many thermal power generating units keep 2 coal mills or even 3 coal mills running during deep peak shaving, and the running mode is that not only the power consumption of auxiliary machines is increased, but also the NO at the inlet of the SCR is increased x The concentration increases abruptly. Most importantly, the output of each coal mill is low in the deep peak shaving state, the concentration of the coal dust in the powder pipe is reduced from 0.50-0.60 kg/kg to 0.20-0.30 kg/kg, the concentration of the coal dust in the powder pipe deviates from the optimal coal dust concentration of corresponding coal types to a great extent, the ignition heat is increased, the combustion stability is reduced, and the combustion efficiency is reduced, which is obviously contradictory to the practical requirement of deep peak shaving of a unit.
Meanwhile, under the condition that the ventilation of the coal mill is automatically put into operation, the ventilation of the coal mill and the primary wind speed of the pulverized coal pipeline are reduced along with the reduction of the output of the coal mill. Taking a certain 350MW supercritical coal-fired unit as an example, when the unit is subjected to peak shaving to 120MW deeply, three coal mills are put into the unit, the output of each coal mill is 23t/h on average, the operation is carried out according to a set wind-coal ratio curve, and the wind speed of a pulverized coal pipeline is calculated to be about 19m/s. This primary air velocity is moderate in magnitude from the viewpoint of flame stability and improvement of combustion efficiency. However, in any form of the pulverized coal concentrator, the concentration ratio is inevitably reduced along with the reduction of the wind speed, and the high-temperature, high-pulverized-coal-concentration and low-flow-velocity region which can be formed by the stable combustion bluff body fixed at the burner nozzle is inevitably reduced.
Under the background, a pulverized coal concentration adjusting system aiming at improving the low-load stable combustion capacity of a boiler needs to be developed, and under the conditions that the coal mill is used for a plurality of times and the pulverized coal concentration is low, the pulverized coal concentration is reasonably adjusted, the combustion is strengthened, and the combustion efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving the low-load stable combustion capacity of a boiler, which can effectively strengthen combustion and improve combustion efficiency.
In order to achieve the aim, the pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving the low-load stable combustion capacity of the boiler comprises a first layer of pulverized coal pipeline, a second pulverized coal pipeline, a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe, wherein the outlet of the first layer of pulverized coal pipeline is communicated with a first layer of burner on a boiler hearth, and the outlet of the second layer of pulverized coal pipeline is communicated with a second layer of burner on the boiler hearth;
one end of the first connecting pipe and one end of the second connecting pipe are communicated with the first layer of pulverized coal pipeline, and the other end of the first connecting pipe and the other end of the second connecting pipe are communicated with the second layer of pulverized coal pipeline;
the first connecting pipe is provided with a first shutoff door, the second connecting pipe is provided with an opening degree regulating door,
the first layer of pulverized coal pipeline is internally provided with an impact pulverized coal concentration block, and the second layer of pulverized coal pipeline is provided with a second shutoff door.
The impact type pulverized coal concentrating block is positioned between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe.
The second shutoff gate is located between the first and second communication pipes.
The system also comprises a primary air fan, an air preheater and a plurality of coal mills;
the outlet of the primary fan is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the inlet of the air preheater, the other path is communicated with the inlet air duct of each coal mill, the outlet of the air preheater is communicated with the inlet air duct of each coal mill, and the outlet of each coal mill is communicated with the inlet of the first layer of coal dust pipeline and the inlet of the second layer of coal dust pipeline.
The outlet of the primary air blower is communicated with the inlet air duct of each coal mill through a cold primary air main pipe.
The outlet of the air preheater is communicated with the inlet air channel of each coal mill through a hot primary air main pipe.
When the unit does not carry out deep peak shaving, the second shutoff door is kept in a full-open state, and the first shutoff door and the opening degree adjusting door are kept in a full-closed state.
And after the unit enters a deep peak regulation state, closing the second shutoff door, and opening the first shutoff door and the opening degree adjusting door.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving the low-load stable combustion capability of the boiler is in specific operation, after a unit enters a deep peak regulation state, the second shutoff door is closed, the first shutoff door and the opening degree adjusting door are opened, the concentration of pulverized coal in the first layer of pulverized coal pipeline is increased to 0.40-0.60 kg/kg from 0.25-0.35 kg/kg by means of the original elbow and the newly added impact type pulverized coal concentration block on the second layer of pulverized coal pipeline, and the primary air speed is maintained at 18-20 m/s; the second layer of pulverized coal pipeline continuously conveys the dilute phase pulverized coal airflow after concentration separation to the second layer of combustor to finish combustion, so that the ignition heat of the pulverized coal airflow in the first layer of combustor is obviously reduced, and the low-load stable combustion performance and the combustion efficiency of the boiler are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the first layer of pulverized coal pipes 5 and the second layer of pulverized coal pipes 5 according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is boiler furnace, 2 is a primary air fan, 3 is an air preheater, 4 is a coal pulverizer, 5 is a pulverized coal pipeline, 6 is a burner, 7 is a first shutoff gate, 8 is a second shutoff gate, 9 is an opening degree regulating gate, and 10 is an impact pulverized coal concentrated block.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
There is shown in the drawings a schematic block diagram of a disclosed embodiment in accordance with the invention. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving the low-load stable combustion capability of a boiler comprises a boiler furnace 1, a primary air fan 2, an air preheater 3, a coal pulverizer 4, a pulverized coal pipeline 5, a burner 6, a first shutoff door 7, a second shutoff door 8, an opening adjusting door 9 and an impact pulverized coal concentrating block 10;
the outlet of the primary air fan 2 is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the inlet of the air preheater 3, the other path is communicated with the cold primary air main pipe, the cold primary air main pipe is communicated with the inlet air channel of each coal pulverizer 4, the outlet of the air preheater 3 is communicated with the inlet air channel of each coal pulverizer 4 through the hot primary air main pipe, the outlet of each coal pulverizer 4 is communicated with the inlet of the first layer coal dust pipeline 5 and the inlet of the second layer coal dust pipeline 5, the outlet of the first layer coal dust pipeline 5 is communicated with the first layer burner 6 on the boiler furnace 1, and the outlet of the second layer coal dust pipeline 5 is communicated with the second layer burner 6 on the boiler furnace 1.
Be provided with first tie pipe and second tie pipe between first floor buggy pipeline 5 and second floor buggy pipeline 5, wherein, be provided with first shutoff door 7 on the first tie pipe, be provided with aperture regulating gate 9 on the second tie pipe, be provided with the concentrated piece 10 of striking formula buggy in the first floor buggy pipeline 5, be provided with second shutoff door 8 on the second floor buggy pipeline 5, wherein, the concentrated piece 10 of striking formula buggy is located between first tie pipe and the second tie pipe, second shutoff door 8 is located between first tie pipe and the second tie pipe.
The specific working process of the invention is as follows:
when the unit does not carry out deep peak shaving, the boiler combustion is stable and efficient, the boiler combustion is not required to be put into the invention, the second shutoff door 8 is kept in a full-open state, the first shutoff door 7 and the opening degree adjusting door 9 are kept in a full-closed state, and after the unit enters the deep peak shaving state, the second shutoff door 8 is closed, and the first shutoff door 7 and the opening degree adjusting door 9 are opened.
After the invention is put into use, the concentration of the coal dust in the first layer of coal dust pipeline 5 is increased from 0.25-0.35 kg/kg to 0.40-0.60 kg/kg by virtue of the original elbow on the second layer of coal dust pipeline 5 and the newly added impact type coal dust concentration block 10, and the primary wind speed is maintained at 18-20 m/s; the second layer of coal powder pipeline 5 continuously conveys the dilute phase coal powder airflow after concentration separation to the second layer of combustor 6 to finish combustion, so that the ignition heat of the coal powder airflow in the first layer of combustor 6 is obviously reduced, and the low-load stable combustion performance and the combustion efficiency of the boiler are improved. Meanwhile, the wind speed and the coal powder concentration at the inlet of the first layer combustor 6 and the inlet of the second layer combustor 6 are detected through the coal powder concentration and wind speed monitoring device, and the opening degree adjusting door 9 is adjusted according to the wind speed and the coal powder concentration so as to adjust the primary wind flow speed in the first layer coal powder pipeline 5 and the second layer coal powder pipeline 5.
In addition, the coal dust particles in the second layer coal dust pipeline 5 are subjected to two-stage concentration and dilution separation through the original pipeline elbow and the impact type coal dust concentration block 10, most of the coal dust particles are left in the first layer coal dust pipeline 5, the dilute-phase coal dust air after the concentration and dilution separation flows through the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe and returns to the second layer coal dust pipeline, and meanwhile, the air-powder flow velocity in the first layer coal dust pipeline 5 and the second layer coal dust pipeline 5 can be adjusted through the opening adjusting door 9 to enable the air-powder flow velocity to be between 18 and 22 m/s.
After the method is put into use, the deep peak regulation capacity of the unit can be improved, the adaptability of boiler equipment to coal types is improved, and more deep peak regulation electric quantity or electricity price subsidies are obtained; the input amount of fuel oil or fuel gas can be reduced, the economical efficiency of deep peak regulation operation is improved, and the negative influence of frequent input of an oil gun on the performance of the catalyst of the denitration system is relieved; the non-stop accident rate of the unit is reduced. Meanwhile, the investment time of high-power plasma or combustion-supporting oil guns is reduced, the consumption of combustion-supporting oil is saved, and the market profitability and the competitiveness of electric power enterprises are improved.

Claims (4)

1. A pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving the low-load stable combustion capacity of a boiler is characterized by comprising a first layer of pulverized coal pipeline (5), a second layer of pulverized coal pipeline (5), a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe, wherein the outlet of the first layer of pulverized coal pipeline (5) is communicated with a first layer of burner (6) on a boiler hearth (1), and the outlet of the second layer of pulverized coal pipeline (5) is communicated with a second layer of burner (6) on the boiler hearth (1);
one end of the first connecting pipe and one end of the second connecting pipe are communicated with the first layer of pulverized coal pipeline (5), and the other end of the first connecting pipe and the other end of the second connecting pipe are communicated with the second layer of pulverized coal pipeline (5);
a first shutoff door (7) is arranged on the first connecting pipe, an opening degree adjusting door (9) is arranged on the second connecting pipe,
an impact type coal dust concentration block (10) is arranged in the first layer of coal dust pipeline (5), and a second shutoff door (8) is arranged on the second layer of coal dust pipeline (5);
the impact type coal dust concentrating block (10) is positioned between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe;
a second shutoff door (8) is positioned between the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe;
when the unit does not carry out deep peak shaving, the second shutoff door (8) is kept in a full-open state, and the first shutoff door (7) and the opening degree adjusting door (9) are kept in a full-closed state;
and after the unit enters a deep peak regulation state, the second shutoff door (8) is closed, and the first shutoff door (7) and the opening degree adjusting door (9) are opened.
2. The pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving the low-load stable combustion capability of the boiler according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a primary air fan (2), an air preheater (3) and a plurality of coal mills (4);
the outlet of the primary air fan (2) is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the inlet of the air preheater (3), the other path is communicated with the inlet air channels of the coal mills (4), the outlet of the air preheater (3) is communicated with the inlet air channels of the coal mills (4), and the outlet of each coal mill (4) is communicated with the inlet of the first layer of coal dust pipeline (5) and the inlet of the second layer of coal dust pipeline (5).
3. The pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving the low-load stable combustion capability of the boiler according to claim 2, characterized in that an outlet of the primary air fan (2) is communicated with an inlet air duct of each coal mill (4) through a cold primary air main pipe.
4. The pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving the low-load stable combustion capability of the boiler according to claim 2, wherein the outlet of the air preheater (3) is communicated with the inlet air duct of each coal mill (4) through a hot primary air main pipe.
CN202110502175.2A 2021-05-08 2021-05-08 Pulverized coal concentration adjusting device for improving low-load stable combustion capacity of boiler Active CN113154441B (en)

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