CN113154247B - Preparation method of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder Download PDFInfo
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- CN113154247B CN113154247B CN202110516609.4A CN202110516609A CN113154247B CN 113154247 B CN113154247 B CN 113154247B CN 202110516609 A CN202110516609 A CN 202110516609A CN 113154247 B CN113154247 B CN 113154247B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
- F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
- F17C2201/01—Shape
- F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
- F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
- F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
- F17C2203/066—Plastics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
- F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
- F17C2209/2154—Winding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, which comprises the following steps: pressurizing the plastic inner liner to a pre-charging pressure and sealing to obtain a pressurized plastic inner liner; winding the pressurized plastic lining by using fibers according to a layering scheme to obtain a wound plastic lining; and (3) placing the wound plastic lining into a curing furnace for curing to obtain the plastic lining composite material high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder. According to the difference of the working pressure, the burst pressure, the cycle life, the thickness of the plastic lining and the layering scheme of the hydrogen storage cylinder, the invention designs the balance of the pre-filled pressure of the plastic lining before winding and the fiber tension, thereby avoiding the phenomena of lining instability and fiber relaxation in the winding process, improving the safety and the structural mechanical property of the hydrogen storage cylinder, and in addition, the method provided by the invention has universality and does not need to upgrade a winding machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pressure vessel manufacturing, in particular to a preparation method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder.
Background
The composite material gas cylinder is applied to the fields of aerospace and military industry in the last 70 th century, and as the technology for general use in the United states and Europe is shifted to the civil market, the application field is wider, such as respirators in the medical industry, natural gas pipelines in the chemical industry and hydrogen storage gas cylinders in the field of new energy automobiles. Compared with the traditional gas cylinder with a metal lining and fiber winding, the gas cylinder with the plastic lining and the composite material has the advantages of light weight, fatigue resistance and the like, and becomes a direction of wider development and application at present.
The high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder is mainly used for storing high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, has many advantages of low cost, high safety and the like compared with low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and utilization of hydrogen storage materials along with the current shortage of petroleum resources and global climate problems caused by carbon emission, and is particularly widely applied to the field of new energy hydrogen fuel cell automobiles.
The hydrogen storage density of the hydrogen storage cylinder is a key factor for restricting the driving mileage of a hydrogen fuel automobile, and taking a commonly used 70Mpa hydrogen storage cylinder as an example, the application of the plastic lining can improve the hydrogen storage density by more than half compared with the metal lining, and is the main development direction of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder. However, the modulus and strength of the plastic liner are low, when fibers are wound on the outer surface of the plastic liner, low-pressure explosion of the plastic liner can easily occur in the use process, and the mechanical property of the composite material high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder can also be influenced by the number of winding layers of the fibers.
Therefore, how to design a preparation method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder becomes a problem to be solved in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method for improving the mechanical property of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder. The composite material gas cylinder is formed by winding carbon fibers on a plastic lining with sealing performance and certain strength, wherein the carbon fiber reinforced composite material has the advantages of high specific strength, high specific rigidity, designability of material performance and the like, strength is provided for the gas cylinder, and the gas cylinder is ensured to meet the bearing requirement of design. Compared with the traditional preparation method of the hydrogen storage cylinder with the plastic lining, the invention not only can effectively avoid the unstable buckling of the plastic lining under the fiber tension, but also can improve the exertion strength of the inner layer fiber of the composite material layer, and then improve the structural mechanical property of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder with the composite material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a preparation method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder comprises the following steps:
pressurizing the plastic liner to a pre-charging pressure and sealing to obtain a pressurized plastic liner;
winding the pressurized plastic lining by using fibers according to a layering scheme to obtain a wound plastic lining;
and (3) placing the wound plastic lining into a curing furnace for curing to obtain the plastic lining composite material high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder.
Optionally, before the step of "pressurizing the plastic liner to the pre-charging pressure and sealing", a ply laying scheme is further determined, where the determination of the ply laying scheme specifically includes:
inputting the explosion pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder into finite element software, wherein the explosion pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder is determined according to design indexes;
and determining the fiber tension of each layer, the winding angle of each layer, the radius of the plastic lining wound to each layer, the bandwidth of the wound fibers and the total number of layers to be wound in finite element software to obtain the layering scheme.
Optionally, the method for determining the pre-charge pressure specifically includes:
determining the compressive stress of the fibers on the plastic liner in the winding process, wherein the calculation formula of the compressive stress is as follows:
Wherein, PbCompressive stress, MPa; fiIs the fiber tension of the ith layer, N; alpha (alpha) ("alpha")iIs the winding angle of the ith layer; ri-1Is the radius when winding to the i-1 layer, mm; b is the bandwidth of the wound fiber, mm; n is the total number of layers determined in the layering scheme;
calculating the critical instability pressure of the plastic liner, wherein the calculation formula of the critical instability pressure is as follows:
wherein, PcrCritical destabilizing pressure, MPa; t is the wall thickness of the gas cylinder, mm; d is the diameter of the middle surface of the gas cylinder, and is mm; e is the elastic modulus of the material for manufacturing the plastic lining, MPa; mu is Poisson's ratio;
according to the difference value between the pressure stress and the critical instability pressure, the pre-charging pressure of the plastic liner is obtained, and the calculation formula of the pre-charging pressure of the plastic liner is as follows:
P＝Pb-Pcr (3)。
optionally, before the step of "pressurizing the plastic liner to the pre-charging pressure and sealing" the plastic liner further includes checking the pre-charging pressure of the plastic liner, and the checking process specifically includes:
determining the magnitude of the radial stress and the hoop stress of the plastic lining under the pre-charging pressure;
the calculation formula of the radial stress and the hoop stress is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the warp direction stress, MPa; sigmaθIs the hoop stress MPa; r is the radius of the middle surface of the gas cylinder, and is mm; t is the wall thickness of the gas cylinder, mm, and P is the pre-charging pressure of the plastic lining, MPa;
Judging whether the radial stress and the hoop stress under the pre-charging pressure are both smaller than the tensile strength limit of the material used by the plastic lining, wherein the tensile strength limit is the critical value of the plastic lining entering the plastic zone;
if yes, pressurizing the plastic inner liner according to the pre-charging pressure;
if not, the pre-charge pressure is re-determined.
Optionally, the outer surface of the fibers is impregnated with a resin.
Optionally, the curing process follows the time-temperature characteristic of the resin.
Optionally, the winding comprises hoop winding and spiral winding.
Optionally, the plastic liner is made of nylon or high density polyethylene.
Optionally, the fibers are carbon fibers.
Optionally, the determination of the tensile strength limit of the material used for the plastic inner liner specifically includes:
the tensile strength limit of the material used for the plastic liner is obtained by performing mechanical property tests according to the provisions of GB/T13022-1991 tensile property test method for plastic films.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention provides a preparation method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, which designs the balance between the pre-charging pressure of a plastic lining before winding and the fiber tension according to the difference of the working pressure, the bursting pressure, the cycle life, the thickness of the plastic lining and the layering scheme of the hydrogen storage cylinder, thereby avoiding the phenomena of lining instability and fiber relaxation in the winding process, improving the safety and the structural mechanical property of the hydrogen storage cylinder, and having universality without upgrading a winding machine.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a plastic lining composite material high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder.
Description of the symbols: 1. a first metal joint; 2. a plastic liner; 3. a composite material layer; 4. and a second metal joint.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, which can solve the problems that the radial instability of a lining is easily caused by the action of fiber tension on the lining in the winding process and low-pressure explosion finally occurs in the use process, and can also solve the problems that the tension of inner layer fibers is loosened due to more winding layers of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, the fiber exertion strength is reduced, and the mechanical property of the composite material high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder is further influenced.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, comprising the steps of:
s1: pressurizing the plastic inner liner to a pre-charging pressure and sealing to obtain a pressurized plastic inner liner;
in this embodiment, the plastic liner is used for winding the core mold and sealing, the material for manufacturing the plastic liner is nylon or high density polyethylene, and before manufacturing the plastic liner, the tensile strength limit of the material for the plastic liner is obtained by performing mechanical property test according to the provisions of GB/T13022-1991 Plastic film tensile Property test method.
In order to pressurize the plastic liner, before step S1, the method further includes:
determining a layering scheme, wherein the determination of the layering scheme specifically comprises the following steps:
a1: inputting the explosion pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder into finite element software, wherein the explosion pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder is determined according to design indexes;
a2: and checking the bursting pressure of the plastic lining in finite element software, and determining the fiber tension of each layer, the winding angle of each layer, the radius of the plastic lining wound to each layer, the bandwidth of the wound fibers and the total number of layers to be wound to obtain the layering scheme.
After the layering scheme is obtained, determining a pre-charging pressure according to the layering scheme, wherein the determining method of the pre-charging pressure specifically comprises the following steps:
b1: determining the compressive stress of the fibers on the plastic liner in the winding process, wherein the calculation formula of the compressive stress is as follows:
wherein, PbIs compressive stress, MPa; fiIs the fiber tension of the ith layer, N; alpha (alpha) ("alpha")iIs the winding angle of the ith layer; ri-1Is the radius when winding to the i-1 layer, mm; b is the bandwidth of the wound fiber, mm; n is the total number of layers determined in the layering scheme;
b2: calculating the critical instability pressure of the plastic liner, wherein the calculation formula of the critical instability pressure is as follows:
Wherein, PcrCritical destabilizing pressure, MPa; t is the wall thickness of the gas cylinder, mm; d is the diameter of the middle surface of the gas cylinder, and is mm; e is the elastic modulus of the material for manufacturing the plastic lining, MPa; mu is Poisson's ratio;
b3: according to the difference value between the pressure stress and the critical instability pressure, the pre-charging pressure of the plastic liner is obtained, and the calculation formula of the pre-charging pressure of the plastic liner is as follows:
P＝Pb-Pcr。 (3)
the fiber tension is balanced by the pre-charge pressure to prevent the plastic liner from buckling.
In step S1, after the pre-charge pressure of the plastic liner is obtained, checking the pre-charge pressure of the plastic liner is further included, where the checking specifically includes:
c1: determining the magnitude of the radial stress and the hoop stress of the plastic lining under the pre-charging pressure;
the calculation formula of the radial stress and the hoop stress is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the warp direction stress, MPa; sigmaθIs the hoop stress MPa; r is the radius of the middle surface of the gas cylinder, and is mm; t is the wall thickness of the gas cylinder, mm, P is the pre-charging pressure of the plastic liner, N;
c2: judging whether the radial stress and the hoop stress under the pre-charging pressure are both smaller than the tensile strength limit of the material used by the plastic lining, wherein the tensile strength limit is the critical value of the plastic lining entering the plastic zone;
If yes, pressurizing the plastic inner liner according to the pre-charging pressure;
if not, the pre-charge pressure is re-determined.
Through the step S1, the plastic lining can be ensured not to generate plastic deformation under the pre-charging pressure, and the external pressure of the fiber to the plastic lining in the winding process can be resisted to prevent instability, thereby laying a foundation for obtaining the plastic lining composite material high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder with good mechanical property in the follow-up process.
In addition, the pre-charge pressure is generally different for plastic liners of different thicknesses. The invention is not particularly limited as to the pressurizing device, and any method that can pressurize the plastic liner to a pre-pressurization pressure is within the scope of the invention.
S2: winding the pressurized plastic lining by using fibers according to a layering scheme to obtain a wound plastic lining;
in this embodiment, the fibers are carbon fibers, and the outer surfaces of the carbon fibers are impregnated with a resin, which is a thermosetting epoxy resin system having a good matching property with the selected fibers. And clamping the inflated and sealed plastic lining to a main shaft of a winding machine before winding the plastic lining by using fibers.
In step S2, the thermosetting epoxy resin is uniformly stirred at normal temperature according to the resin ratio and then placed in a dip tank of a winding machine, and the carbon fiber impregnated with the resin is wound according to the layer-laying scheme obtained before step S1, wherein the specific line type is as follows: the barrel body section is wound in the circumferential direction, and the front and rear seal heads and the barrel body are wound in the spiral direction.
S3: and (3) putting the wound plastic lining into a curing furnace for curing to obtain the plastic lining composite material high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder, wherein the specific structure is shown in figure 2.
The plastic lining composite material high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder comprises a first metal connector 1, a plastic lining 2, a composite material layer 3 and a second metal connector 4. The first metal joint 1, the plastic lining 2 and the second metal joint 4 are integrally formed during manufacturing, and the composite material layer 3 mainly plays a role in bearing load.
In this step S3, the curing process follows the time-temperature characteristic curve of the resin.
The preparation method is characterized in that according to a gas state equation, the gas cylinder is not subjected to pressure relief in the curing process, so that gas does not need to be filled for many times.
Compared with the traditional preparation method of the hydrogen storage cylinder with the plastic lining, the preparation method provided by the invention can effectively prevent the plastic lining from bearing fiber tension unstable buckling, and can improve the exertion strength of the inner layer fiber of the composite material layer, thereby improving the structural mechanical property of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder according with the material.
In summary, according to the preparation method of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder provided by the invention, the pre-filled pressure of the plastic lining before winding is designed to be balanced with the fiber tension according to the difference of the working pressure, the burst pressure and the cycle life of the hydrogen storage cylinder and the difference of the thickness and the layering scheme of the plastic lining, so that the phenomena of lining instability and fiber relaxation in the winding process are avoided, and the safety and the structural mechanical property of the hydrogen storage cylinder are improved.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pressurizing the plastic liner to a pre-charging pressure and sealing to obtain a pressurized plastic liner;
winding the pressurized plastic lining by using fibers according to a layering scheme to obtain a wound plastic lining;
putting the wound plastic lining into a curing furnace for curing to obtain a plastic lining composite material high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder;
before the step of pressurizing the plastic lining to the pre-charging pressure and sealing, the method further comprises checking the pre-charging pressure of the plastic lining, wherein the checking process specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the magnitude of the radial stress and the hoop stress of the plastic lining under the pre-charging pressure;
the calculation formula of the radial stress and the hoop stress is as follows:
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
in order to apply a stress in the longitudinal direction,MPa；
is hoop stressMPa；RIs the radius of the middle surface of the gas cylinder,mm；tis the wall thickness of the gas cylinder,mm，Pis the pre-charge pressure of the plastic inner liner,N；
judging whether the radial stress and the circumferential stress under the pre-charging pressure are both smaller than the tensile strength limit of the material used by the plastic lining, wherein the tensile strength limit is the critical value of the plastic lining entering a plastic zone;
if yes, pressurizing the plastic inner liner according to the pre-charging pressure;
if not, re-determining the pre-charging pressure;
before the step of pressurizing the plastic lining to the pre-charging pressure and sealing, determining a ply scheme, wherein the determination of the ply scheme specifically comprises the following steps:
inputting the explosion pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder into finite element software, wherein the explosion pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder is determined according to design indexes;
determining the fiber tension of each layer, the winding angle of each layer, the radius of the plastic lining wound to each layer, the bandwidth of the wound fibers and the total number of layers to be wound in finite element software to obtain the layering scheme;
the method for determining the pre-charging pressure specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the compressive stress of the fibers on the plastic liner in the winding process, wherein the calculation formula of the compressive stress is as follows:
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,P b in order to be under a compressive stress,MPa；F i is as followsiThe tension of the fibres of the layer(s),N；α i is as followsiThe winding angle of the layer;R i-1is wound up toi-The radius of 1 layer of the film,mm；bin order to wind the bandwidth of the fiber,mm；nthe total number of layers determined in the layering scheme;
calculating the critical buckling pressure of the plastic liner，The calculation formula of the critical instability pressure is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,P cr at the critical buckling pressure, the temperature of the gas,MPa；tis the wall thickness of the gas cylinder,mm；Dis the diameter of the middle face of the gas cylinder,mm；Eto produce the modulus of elasticity of the plastic liner material,MPa；μis the poisson ratio;
according to the difference value between the pressure stress and the critical instability pressure, the pre-charging pressure of the plastic liner is obtained, and the calculation formula of the pre-charging pressure of the plastic liner is as follows:
2. the method for manufacturing a cylinder for storing hydrogen under high pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the fiber is impregnated with resin.
3. The method of producing a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that the curing process follows the time-temperature characteristic curve of the resin.
4. The method of producing a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding includes hoop winding and spiral winding.
5. The method of making a high pressure hydrogen storage cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the plastic liner is made of nylon or high density polyethylene.
6. The method for manufacturing a cylinder for storing hydrogen under high pressure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fiber is carbon fiber.
7. The method of making a high pressure hydrogen storage cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the tensile strength limit of the material used for the plastic liner specifically comprises:
the tensile strength limit of the material used for the plastic liner is obtained by performing mechanical property tests according to the provisions of GB/T13022-1991 tensile property test method for plastic films.
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| CN114248477A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-03-29 | 南通中集能源装备有限公司 | Method for forming body of plastic lining high-pressure gas cylinder |
| CN114919161B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2024-01-26 | 洛阳双瑞风电叶片有限公司 | IV type bottle winding forming internal pressurizing pressure design method |
| CN116100841B (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2024-01-26 | 江苏集萃复合材料装备研究所有限公司 | Preparation method for high-pressure hydrogen cylinder |
| CN117610385B (en) * | 2024-01-24 | 2024-04-09 | 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 | Method for designing layering of IV-type hydrogen storage cylinder considering strength and fatigue life |
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