CN113153676B - Method and system for generating power by using temperature difference energy - Google Patents
Method and system for generating power by using temperature difference energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113153676B CN113153676B CN202110335991.9A CN202110335991A CN113153676B CN 113153676 B CN113153676 B CN 113153676B CN 202110335991 A CN202110335991 A CN 202110335991A CN 113153676 B CN113153676 B CN 113153676B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
- F03G7/05—Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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Abstract
The embodiment of the disclosure provides a method for generating power by using temperature difference energy, which comprises the following steps: introducing a low-temperature source into the cold source end, and reducing the temperature of working medium solution at the cold source end through heat exchange; introducing a high-temperature source into the heat source end, and increasing the temperature of the working medium solution at the heat source end through heat exchange; controlling the concentration of the cold source end working medium solution and the concentration of the hot source end working medium solution to obtain a light solution and a concentrated solution; arranging a reverse electrodialysis device, and respectively inputting the light solution and the concentrated solution into a light solution chamber and a concentrated solution chamber to generate electricity; the working medium has high solubility change rate along with the change of temperature. The method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure combines the ocean temperature difference and the salt difference power generation, solves the regional limitation of the salt difference power generation in the prior art, and provides a clean power generation method suitable for deep sea; in addition, the solubility of the disodium hydrogen phosphate is changed greatly, so that the concentration difference of working medium solutions in the hot source end and the cold source end is large, and the power generation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of environmental protection technology and new energy, in particular to a method for generating power by using temperature difference energy.
Background
With the rapid development of the world economy, the population number is rapidly increased and the living standard is continuously improved, and the demand of each country for energy is gradually increased. In the energy industry of the world, fossil energy mainly comprising coal, petroleum and natural gas accounts for 92.6 percent of the total energy, wherein the coal resource accounts for 70.2 percent, but the energy is not renewable. Moreover, it is the extensive use of these fossil energy sources that brings about a series of environmental problems, such as greenhouse effect, acid rain, haze, etc. In the face of the problems of the lack of non-renewable resources and the increasingly serious environmental pollution, the development of environment-friendly renewable clean energy sources is urgently needed to solve the problems.
The ocean temperature difference energy belongs to ocean heat energy, is the heat energy of the water temperature difference between ocean surface layer seawater and ocean deep layer seawater, has the advantages of no pollution, regeneration and the like, and is an important form of ocean energy. The basic principle of thermoelectric power generation is that heat energy in surface seawater is transferred to deep cold water by means of a working medium, so as to apply work and generate power. In the prior art, a thermoelectric power generation system mainly comprises an open-type cycle power generation system and a closed-type cycle power generation system. However, the two power generation modes are both low in energy density due to small temperature difference, so that the conversion efficiency is only about 3%; and, because the heat transfer area that needs is big, lead to the construction cost higher.
In addition, in the fields of thermal power generation and solar power generation, some heat at the tail end of a power generation system is low, cannot be converted into electric energy, is wasted, and the conversion efficiency of energy is low.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for generating power by simply using the temperature difference, so as to further utilize the energy contained in the low temperature difference wasted in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for generating power by simply using thermal energy, which aims to solve the above-mentioned problems.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for generating power by using thermoelectric energy, where the method includes the following steps:
introducing a low-temperature source into the cold source end, and reducing the temperature of working medium solution at the cold source end through heat exchange;
introducing a high-temperature source into the heat source end, and increasing the temperature of the working medium solution at the heat source end through heat exchange;
controlling the concentration of the cold source end working medium solution and the concentration of the hot source end working medium solution to have concentration difference, and obtaining a light solution and a thick solution with the concentration difference;
arranging a reverse electrodialysis device, and respectively inputting the dilute solution and the concentrated solution into a dilute solution chamber and a concentrated solution chamber in the reverse electrodialysis device to generate electricity;
wherein, the working medium has the solubility which changes along with the change of the temperature.
The method for generating power by using temperature difference energy provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the characteristic that the temperature of the cold source end working medium solution and the temperature of the hot source end working medium solution have a temperature difference.
The method for generating power by using the temperature difference energy provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is further characterized in that the working medium comprises one or more selected from disodium hydrogen phosphate solution, sodium sulfate solution and sodium tetraborate.
The method for generating power by using the temperature difference provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the characteristic that the temperature difference exceeds 13 ℃.
The method for generating power by using temperature difference energy provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the characteristic that the temperature difference energy is ocean temperature difference energy.
The method for generating power by using the temperature difference energy provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the characteristics that the low-temperature source comprises the seawater with the temperature of 4-7 ℃, and the high-temperature source comprises the seawater with the temperature of 20-30 ℃.
The method for generating power by using the temperature difference energy, provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, has the characteristics that the method further comprises monitoring the temperature of the cold source end working medium solution and the temperature of the hot source end working medium solution, so as to ensure the temperature difference.
The method for generating power by using the temperature difference energy, provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, has the characteristics that the hot source end is also provided with an electric heating device for auxiliary heating, and the cold source end is also provided with a device for auxiliary reduction of the temperature of the working medium solution at the cold source end.
The method for generating power by using the temperature difference energy, provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, has the characteristics that the method further comprises the step of recycling the working medium solution.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure discloses a thermoelectric power generation system for implementing any one of the above systems, where the system includes:
the leading-in module is used for leading in a low-temperature source and a high-temperature source for power generation;
the treatment module comprises a heat source end, a cold source end and a reverse electrodialysis device and is used for converting the heat difference between the introduced low-temperature source and the introduced high-temperature source into electric energy;
and the control module is connected with the introducing module and the processing module and is used for controlling the operation of the whole system.
Advantageous effects
The method for generating power by using temperature difference energy provided by the embodiment of the disclosure combines the wasted low temperature difference and the salt difference power generation in the prior art, and solves the waste of the low temperature difference in the prior art; in addition, the embodiment of the invention selects the disodium hydrogen phosphate as the working medium solution, and the solubility of the disodium hydrogen phosphate in the temperature difference range of the ocean is changed greatly, so that the concentration difference of the working medium solution in the hot source end and the cold source end is larger, and the power generation efficiency is further improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for generating power by using thermoelectric energy according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure in the specification. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely illustrative of some, and not restrictive, of the embodiments of the disclosure. The disclosure may be carried into practice or applied to various other specific embodiments, and various modifications and changes may be made in the details within the description and the drawings without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. It should be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments disclosed herein without inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the appended claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the disclosure, one skilled in the art should appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. Additionally, such an apparatus may be implemented and/or such a method may be practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspects may be practiced without these specific details.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for generating power by using thermoelectric energy, which includes the following steps: introducing a low-temperature source into the cold source end, and reducing the temperature of working medium solution at the cold source end through heat exchange; introducing a high-temperature source into a heat source end, and increasing the temperature of a working medium solution at the heat source end through heat exchange; controlling the concentration of the cold source end working medium solution and the concentration of the hot source end working medium solution to have concentration difference, and obtaining a light solution and a thick solution with the concentration difference; arranging a reverse electrodialysis device, and respectively inputting the dilute solution and the concentrated solution into a dilute solution chamber and a concentrated solution chamber in the reverse electrodialysis device to generate electricity; the anion and cation permeation membrane of the reverse electrodialysis device is a membrane with high ion permeation rate. The cold source end working medium solution and the hot source end working medium solution have a temperature difference, and the temperature difference exceeds 13 ℃.
The reverse electrodialysis device is one of the methods for generating electricity by utilizing salt difference energy, and mainly comprises a membrane stack, a polar region and a partition plate, wherein the membrane stack is formed by assembling a plurality of membrane pairs together to form alternately arranged thick chambers and thin chambers, and each membrane pair comprises a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane; the clapboard plays the roles of separation and support, and is provided with a water inlet, a flow passage and a water passage; the polar region consists of a cathode and an anode. The solubility refers to the mass of a solute dissolved when a certain substance reaches a saturated state in a solution at a certain temperature, the same saturated solution has different concentrations at different temperatures, and the solubility of most of the solid substances is increased along with the increase of the temperature, so that the working medium solution at the hot source end is used as a concentrated solution, and the working medium at the cold source end is used as a dilute solution. The ion transmission rate affects the power generation efficiency, and the high transmission rate provides high power generation efficiency.
In some embodiments, the temperature differential energy is ocean temperature differential energy. The low temperature source comprises seawater with the temperature of 4-7 ℃, and the high temperature source comprises seawater with the temperature of 20-30 ℃.
In the embodiment, the ocean heat energy is mainly from solar energy, the surface layer seawater heated by the solar energy combines the temperature difference of the ocean and the salt difference power generation, the regional limitation of the salt difference power generation in the prior art is solved, and the clean power generation method suitable for deep sea is provided.
In some embodiments, the temperature of the cold source end working medium solution and the temperature of the hot source end working medium solution have a temperature difference. The working medium comprises one or more selected from disodium hydrogen phosphate solution, sodium sulfate solution and sodium tetraborate. The temperature difference exceeds 13 ℃.
In the above embodiment, the solubility of disodium hydrogen phosphate varies significantly from 0 to 30 ℃ compared with other substances, and the solubility of disodium hydrogen phosphate is shown in the following table, which shows that the solubility is 2.5g at a temperature of 5 ℃ in low-temperature deep seawater and 13.3g at a temperature of 25 ℃ in surface seawater, and that the difference between the concentrations of the dilute solution and the concentrated solution is large, and that the power generation efficiency is high when the solution is used as a working medium solution:
table 1: solubility of disodium Hydrogen phosphate
| Temperature of | 0℃ | 5℃ | 10℃ | 20℃ | 25℃ | 30℃ | 40℃ |
| Solubility in water | 1.7g | 2.5g | 3.6g | 7.7g | 13.3g | 20.8g | 51.8g |
In some embodiments, the method further includes monitoring the temperature of the cold source end working medium solution and the temperature of the heat source end working medium solution, so as to ensure a temperature difference. The hot source end is also provided with an electric heating device for auxiliary heating, and the cold source end is also provided with a device for auxiliary reduction of the temperature of the working medium solution at the cold source end. The reverse electrodialysis device is also provided with a storage battery for storing redundant electric quantity. The method also comprises the recycling of the working medium solution.
In the embodiment, a thermometer can be directly used for monitoring the temperature, and a certain temperature difference can ensure the concentration difference of the working medium solution so as to ensure the stability of power generation; the auxiliary heating device and the auxiliary temperature reduction device can be used for standby when monitoring that the temperature difference changes, and heating the working medium solution at the hot source end or reducing the temperature of the working medium solution at the cold source end; the storage battery is arranged and used for storing the electric energy generated by the power generation equipment so as to be used when needed; the recycling of the working medium solution enables the utilization of resources to be more perfect and more environment-friendly, and particularly under the condition of open sea, when the working medium solution is the aqueous solution of disodium hydrogen phosphate, the recycling of the working medium solution enables the light solution resources which are more precious in the open sea to be recycled and is more environment-friendly.
In some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a system for performing any of the above-described power generation using ocean resources, the system comprising: the leading-in module is used for leading in a low-temperature source and a high-temperature source for power generation; the treatment module comprises a heat source end, a cold source end and a reverse electrodialysis device and is used for converting the heat difference between the introduced low-temperature source and the introduced high-temperature source into electric energy; and the control module is connected with the introducing module and the processing module and is used for controlling the operation of the whole system.
In the embodiment, when the system is used in a drilling platform and the like, the seawater introducing module can modify the original equipment to extract low-temperature deep seawater; the treatment module is a main power generation module of the system, and the introduced seawater is treated in the treatment module; the control module comprises a monitoring device and a PC (personal computer) terminal, wherein the monitoring device is used for monitoring the temperature of a hot source end and a cold source end, the PC terminal receives working information of the system and generates working commands to be transmitted to different modules of the system, the working information comprises the introduction flow of low-temperature deep seawater, the introduction flow of surface seawater, the temperature of the hot source end, the temperature of the cold source end, the addition amount of solute in working medium solution and the electricity storage condition of the electricity storage device, and the working commands comprise the introduction of the low-temperature deep seawater, the introduction of the surface seawater, the opening and closing of a heating device at the hot source end, the opening and closing of a cooling device at the cold source end, the addition amount of solute in the working medium solution, the charge and discharge of the electricity storage device and other commands. The work order may be an order automatically generated by the work information or a human input. The setting of the control system provides possibility for the automatic operation of the system, and the working condition of the system can be adjusted through the control system, so that the labor is liberated.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present disclosure, but the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure should be covered within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for generating power by using temperature difference energy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
introducing a low-temperature source into the cold source end, and reducing the temperature of working medium solution at the cold source end through heat exchange;
introducing a high-temperature source into the heat source end, and increasing the temperature of the working medium solution at the heat source end through heat exchange;
controlling the concentration of the working medium solution at the cold source end and the concentration of the working medium solution at the hot source end to have concentration difference, and obtaining a light solution and a thick solution with the concentration difference;
arranging a reverse electrodialysis device, and respectively inputting the dilute solution and the concentrated solution into a dilute solution chamber and a concentrated solution chamber in the reverse electrodialysis device to generate electricity;
and the solutes in the cold source end working medium solution and the hot source end working medium solution are collectively called as working media, and the solubility of the working media has a large change rate along with the change of temperature.
2. A method for generating electricity using thermoelectric energy as defined in claim 1, wherein the temperature of said cold source end working fluid solution is different from the temperature of said hot source end working fluid solution.
3. A method for generating electricity from thermoelectric energy as recited in claim 2, wherein said working fluid comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a solution of disodium hydrogen phosphate, a solution of sodium sulfate, and sodium tetraborate.
4. A method of generating electricity from thermoelectric energy according to claim 3, wherein the temperature difference exceeds 13 ℃.
5. A method of generating power using thermoelectric energy as defined in claim 1 wherein the thermoelectric energy is ocean thermoelectric energy.
6. A method for generating electricity using thermoelectric energy according to claim 4, wherein said low temperature source comprises seawater at a temperature of 4-7 ℃ and said high temperature source comprises seawater at a temperature of 20-30 ℃.
7. A method for generating electricity using thermoelectric energy as defined in claim 1, further comprising monitoring the temperature of said cold source side working fluid solution and said hot source side working fluid solution for ensuring a temperature difference.
8. A method for generating power by using thermoelectric energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hot source end is further provided with an electric heating device for auxiliary heating, and said cold source end is further provided with a device for auxiliary reduction of working medium solution temperature at the cold source end.
9. A method of generating electricity from thermoelectric energy as in claim 1 further comprising recycling the working fluid solution.
10. A system for implementing the method for generating electricity using thermoelectric energy according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the system comprising:
the leading-in module is used for leading in a low-temperature source and a high-temperature source for power generation;
the treatment module comprises a heat source end, a cold source end and a reverse electrodialysis device and is used for converting the heat difference between the introduced low-temperature source and the introduced high-temperature source into electric energy;
and the control module is connected with the introducing module and the processing module and is used for controlling the operation of the whole system.
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