CN113150307A - Glycosylated sericin, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a glycosylated sericin protein, a preparation method and application thereof. Placing a silk raw material in a calcium hydroxide water solution with the mass concentration of 0.01-0.1%, boiling/ultrasonically boiling in water to obtain a sericin alkaline solution, and adjusting the pH to 9.0-11.0; mixing 1-20% sericin aqueous solution and reducing sugar aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of sericin to reducing sugar of 1: 0.1-0.6, and reacting to obtain a ochre-colored glycosylated sericin product. The method for preparing the glycosylated sericin has the advantages of convenient operation, environment-friendly process, high reaction efficiency, effective improvement of the functions of water solubility, emulsibility, oxidation resistance and the like of the graft, change of the light odor of the original sericin and sweet fragrance. The glycosylated sericin powder provided by the invention has industrial and large-scale application prospects in the fields of health food additives, auxiliary hypoglycemic foods, biological materials and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to novel glycosylated sericin and a grafting method thereof, in particular to glycosylated sericin, a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of sericin modification.
Background
The silk mulberry silk industry is always the traditional industry in China, and relates to conventional processing of raw silk, silk blank, silk wadding quilt, silk spinning and the like, or in the preparation process of silk fibroin in the processing process of modern silk biological materials, a large amount of silk fibroin can be discharged as industrial waste along with alkaline substances such as degumming agents, scouring agents and the like, so that the environment is seriously polluted, and a large amount of biological protein resources are wasted. Sericin is a mixture of a plurality of globular proteins with different molecular weights, and plays a role in adhesion in silk fibers. Sericin, which is not degraded seriously in general, is not easily soluble in cold water, and is easily soluble in hot water, particularly very alkali hot water. Common sericin solvents comprise aqueous solutions of alkaline substances such as sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and strong bases such as sodium hydroxide which are widely applied in the processing of silk cotton quilt, and the recovery and utilization of sericin in the degumming waste liquid are difficult due to the existence of a large amount of metal ions. Another important problem is that the recovered sericin, especially sericin which is not easily dissolved in cold water and has a large molecular weight distribution range, has a light silkworm pupa odor and is not acceptable when being directly mixed into common foods or functional foods. Therefore, there are several difficulties in the recovery and utilization of sericin, which involve barriers to technology, cost, function, and market.
Of proteins
The covalent bonding of the amino groups to the reducing carbonyl end of the polysaccharide, the so-called Maillard reaction, is a major factor affecting the structure and quality of the protein and allows the obtainment of glycosylated grafts of proteins with superior functional properties. Not only retains the surface activity of protein, but also has the hydrophilic and water-holding properties of polysaccharide. Compared with the mixture formed by weak interaction of protein and polysaccharide, the glycosylated protein has higher adaptability to environmental conditions such as temperature, pH value, ionic strength and the like. Common proteins are easy to aggregate and denature when meeting higher temperature, so that the grafting reaction in a higher-temperature water phase system is difficult to realize. Taking the silk fibroin commonly used in the research and development of common nutritional food egg white and biological materials as an example, the egg white is easy to be gelatinized at the temperature higher than 50 ℃, the regenerated silk fibroin is easy to be subjected to the denaturation due to the b-formation, and the Maillard reaction of protein and reducing sugar is not facilitated. Thus, to date, it has not been possible to effectively carry out the Maillard reaction of polysaccharides with proteins in aqueous solutions, particularly at high temperatures.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a novel sericin glycosylation and preparation method and application thereof, and the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages of green and environment-friendly processing technology, convenient operation, stable performance, no peculiar smell of the obtained product, easy dissolution in cold water, antibacterial, antioxidant, in vitro and in vivo blood sugar reducing and other functions, overcomes the defect that the industrial utilization of the conventional recovered sericin is difficult to realize, and has good industrial, large-scale, functional and commercialized application prospects.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is to provide a preparation method of glycosylated sericin, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a silk raw material in a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.01-0.1%, boiling/ultrasonically boiling to hydrolyze sericin, filtering or centrifuging the obtained sericin dissolved solution, and removing impurities to obtain a sericin alkaline solution; adjusting the pH value to 9.0-11.0, and filtering or centrifuging to obtain a sericin aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-20%;
(2) mixing a reducing sugar aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-10% and a sericin aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of sericin to reducing sugar of 1: 0.1-0.6, and stirring or shaking at the temperature of 90-100 ℃ for reaction for 3-10 h to obtain an ochre-colored glycosylated sericin protein product.
The silk raw materials comprise silk fibers, silkworm cocoon shells, raw silk, silk floss pieces, spun silk and blank silk.
The invention provides a preparation method of glycosylated sericin, which has the preferable technical scheme that:
in the step (1), the treatment time of boiling/ultrasonic boiling hydrolysis sericin is 0.5-2.0 h; the pH is adjusted to 10.0 with an acid or base.
In the step (2), the mass ratio of sericin to reducing sugar is 1:0.3, and the mass concentration of the reducing sugar aqueous solution is 2.4%; the reaction temperature is 95 ℃; the reaction time was 6 h.
And (3) performing spray drying or freeze drying on the product obtained in the step (2) to prepare glycosylated sericin powder.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the glycosylated sericin obtained by the preparation method.
The technical scheme of the invention also comprises the application of the glycosylated sericin protein in surface modification of food additives, medical dressings, daily chemical products, cell culture matrixes and materials.
The specific application comprises the following steps: the food additive is an auxiliary hypoglycemic additive; the medical dressing is a wound healing dressing; the daily chemical product is a cosmetic.
The invention uses the water solution of calcium hydroxide as an environment-friendly sericin alkaline dissolving agent, and is applied to the dissolution of sericin in the degumming or refining of a series of silks such as the refining of cocoon shells, raw silks and silk floss sheets, the refining of silk spinning, the refining of silk blank materials and the like. The sericin alkaline dissolving solution provided by the invention can neutralize redundant calcium ions and then precipitate in a salt form by adjusting the pH to about 10, thereby achieving the purpose of separating sericin. The process not only recovers sericin, but also recovers precipitate calcium salt, thereby avoiding environmental pollution caused by a large amount of silk degumming alkaline waste liquid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the technical scheme provided by the invention solves the problem that the outer layer water-soluble sericin extracted by water boiling and the sericin prepared by a high-temperature high-pressure water boiling method in the prior art are difficult to carry out glycosylation reaction, and the obtained glycosylated sericin product overcomes the defects that protofilament sericin needs to be dissolved by hot water and the original silkworm pupae has light odor; meanwhile, the antibacterial property, the antioxidant capacity, the whitening capacity and the in-vitro glycosidase inhibiting capacity of the composition are obviously improved, and the composition has a remarkable blood sugar reducing function when being orally taken by diabetic rats.
2. The glycosylated sericin powder provided by the invention has a simple preparation process, is green and environment-friendly, and has wide application potential in the aspects of industrial product surface modification materials, cell culture matrixes, high-grade cosmetics or daily chemical products, health foods, auxiliary blood sugar lowering functional foods and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows UV-VIS absorption spectra of reaction products of sericin and seven reducing sugars, respectively, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a histogram of absorbance values for seven reducing sugars provided by the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a bar graph of absorbance versus Maillard reaction of sericin with arabinose (Ara), glucose Glc) and xylose (Xyl) using different reaction temperatures in examples of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of absorbance versus Maillard reaction using different mass ratios of sericin and reducing sugar in the examples of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the comparison of absorbance of products obtained by using different reaction times of sericin and reducing sugar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of absorbance of products obtained by using different concentrations of sericin and reducing sugar according to an example of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a bar graph comparing the absorbance of Maillard reaction products of three sericin proteins and seven reducing sugars provided in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for synthesizing glycosylated sericin, which comprises the following steps:
(1) clean silkworm cocoon shells or other silk material soaked in 0.05% Ca (OH)2Ultrasonically boiling for 20 min' 2 in the aqueous solution;
(2) taking out the degummed silk fibroin for 2 times, combining the sericin alkaline solutions for 2 times, and filtering or centrifuging to remove calcium salt precipitates;
(3) adding reducing sugar into the sericin alkaline filtrate or supernatant, and stirring at 95 ℃ for reaction for 6 h to obtain a brown reaction product, namely a glycosylated sericin protein solution;
(4) spray drying or freeze drying to obtain glycosylated silk protein powder.
The glycosylated sericin protein product prepared by the method can be applied to preparation of modified protein or food additives, preparation of food products for assisting blood sugar reduction, preparation of wound healing dressing products and the like, and can also be widely applied to the aspects of industrial product surface modification materials, cell culture matrixes, cosmetics, daily chemical products and the like.
Example 2
Preparing calcium hydroxide into an aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.10%, and mixing 10.0 g of silkworm cocoon shells in a ratio of 1: respectively immersing the silk fibers in a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution at a bath ratio of 60 (g/mL) for 10-30 min, boiling or ultrasonically boiling the calcium hydroxide aqueous solution with the same concentration for one time, taking out the silk fibers dissolved with sericin, namely silk fibroin fibers, combining the silk fibers with a sericin alkaline aqueous solution for 2 times, adjusting the pH to about 10, standing for several hours or overnight, filtering or centrifuging to remove precipitates, concentrating or rotary concentrating to obtain a 1-20% sericin aqueous solution, placing the 1-20% sericin aqueous solution at 4 ℃ for later use, or directly spray drying or freeze drying to obtain sericin powder, and placing the sericin powder at 4 ℃ for later use. The sericin sample provided in this example was whole sericin (denoted as SS) degraded by an aqueous calcium hydroxide solution.
Adding reducing sugar such as glucose or xylose with the mass ratio of 1: 0.1-0.6 into a sericin alkaline aqueous solution (pH = 10) with the concentration of 1-20% and most suitable for 8% sericin alkaline aqueous solution, and placing the solution in a shaking table at the temperature of 90-100 ℃ for reaction or in an environment of 90-100 ℃ for stirring and reacting for 3-10 hours; generally reacting for 6 h, taking out, filtering or centrifuging to remove impurities to obtain glycosylated sericin aqueous solution, placing at 4 deg.C for later use, or directly spray drying or freeze drying to obtain sericin powder, and placing at 4 deg.C for later use.
Whole sericin (SS) prepared in this example was subjected to Maillard reaction with 7 reducing sugars, arabinose (Ara), fructose (Fru), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha) and xylose (Xyl), respectively.
According to the technical scheme of the embodiment, 5 mL of reaction solution is prepared by 2.0% sericin aqueous solution and 0.6% reducing sugar aqueous solution according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3, the reaction solution is placed at 90 ℃ for continuous reaction for 6 h by shaking, the reaction solution is centrifuged after cooling, the supernatant is diluted by 10 times, the diluted supernatant is placed on a Hitachi 200-20 type ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer for spectral scanning and an MD-5 microplate reader for measuring the absorbance value at 320 nm,n = 3。referring to FIG. 1, there are provided UV-VIS absorption spectra of reaction products of sericin and 7 reducing sugars, respectively, in this example; the absorbance values at 320 nm for 7 sericin-reducing sugar reaction products (the absorbance value at 320 nm for blank samples sericin has been subtracted).
Referring to fig. 2, a bar graph of absorbance values of 7 reducing sugar reaction products of sericin (SS) with arabinose (Ara), fructose (Fru), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha) and xylose (Xyl) is provided in this example.
Example 3
In this example, different reaction temperatures were used for Maillard reaction of sericin with arabinose (Ara), glucose Glc) and xylose (Xyl) under the following conditions: example 2A 2.0% strength aqueous sericin solution and a 0.6% reducing sugar aqueous solution were prepared by weightPreparing 5 mL of reaction solution at a ratio of 1:0.3, placing at different temperatures (see the abscissa of figure 3 as "reaction temperature", 80 deg.C, 85 deg.C, 90 deg.C, 95 deg.C and 100 deg.C respectively), shaking for continuous reaction for 6 h, cooling, centrifuging, diluting the supernatant by 10 times, measuring absorbance at 320 nm,n = 3。
referring to FIG. 3, a bar graph of absorbance versus Maillard reaction of sericin with arabinose (Ara), glucose Glc) and xylose (Xyl) using different reaction temperatures is shown for this example.
Example 4
In this example, different mass ratios of sericin to arabinose (Ara), glucose Glc) and xylose (Xyl) were used for Maillard reaction under the following conditions: example 2 provides a 2.0% aqueous sericin solution and a 0.6% aqueous reducing sugar solution, each sericin as represented by the abscissa of the accompanying figure 4: mixing reducing sugar (W: W) in different proportions, shaking at 90 deg.C for continuous reaction for 6 h, cooling, centrifuging, diluting the supernatant by 10 times, measuring absorbance at 320 nm,n = 3。
referring to FIG. 4, a bar graph of absorbance versus reducing sugar ratio for the Maillard reaction using different mass ratios of sericin and reducing sugar is shown in this example.
Example 5
In this example, different reaction times were used for the maillard reaction between sericin and reducing sugar, and the reaction conditions were as follows: example 2 the sericin aqueous solution with a concentration of 2.0% and 0.6% reducing sugar arabinose (Ara), glucose (Glc) and xylose (Xyl) aqueous solution were prepared into 5 mL reaction solution at a weight ratio of 1:0.3, the reaction solution was shaken at 90 ℃ for continuous reaction for 0-48 h, the reaction solution was centrifuged after cooling, the supernatant was diluted 10 times and the absorbance value at 320 nm was measured,n = 3.
referring to FIG. 5, a graph comparing the absorbance of products obtained using different reaction times of sericin and reducing sugar is provided for the example.
Example 6
In this example, aqueous solutions of sericin and reducing sugar (mass ratio 1: 0.3) at different concentrations were used for the glycosylation reaction.
Referring to fig. 6, a graph comparing absorbance of products obtained with different concentrations of sericin and reducing sugar is provided in this example; preparing reaction solution with a total volume of 5 mL according to the concentration ratio of sericin and three reducing sugars in the abscissa of the graph, placing at 90 ℃ for shaking continuous reaction for 6 h, cooling, centrifuging the reaction solution, taking supernatant, diluting by 10 times, determining the absorbance value at 320 nm,n = 3。
example 7
Soaking clean silkworm cocoon shells in hot water with a volume ratio of 1: 50 overnight to swell cocoon shells, boiling for 60 min, taking out degumming silk, changing the degumming silk into clean water with the same volume, repeatedly boiling for 60 min, combining the silk water boiling solution for 2 times, concentrating the filtered or centrifuged sericin aqueous solution to a concentration range of 1-10%, namely outer-layer sericin (marked as OLS), and placing at 4 ℃ for later use, or directly spray drying or freeze drying to prepare outer-layer sericin powder and placing at 4 ℃ for later use.
The method provided by the embodiment comprises the steps of boiling off silk fibers of the outer-layer sericin by 2 times of water, immersing the silk fibers in purified water with the volume ratio of 1: 50, placing the silk fibers in a high-temperature high-pressure cooker at 120 ℃ for heat treatment for 1-2 hours, filtering or centrifuging the sericin solution except the silk fibers, concentrating the sericin water solution to the concentration range of 1-10%, namely inner-layer sericin (marked as ILS), placing the inner-layer sericin at 4 ℃ for later use, or directly performing spray drying or freeze drying to prepare inner-layer sericin powder and placing the inner-layer sericin powder at 4 ℃ for later use.
The outer sericin (OLS) provided in this example, the inner sericin (ILS) and the whole sericin (SS) provided in example 2 were subjected to maillard reaction with 7 reducing sugars, arabinose (Ara), fructose (Fru), galactose (Gal), glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), rhamnose (Rha) and xylose (Xyl), respectively. The specific method comprises the following steps: respectively mixing OLS, ILS and SS sericin aqueous solutions with the concentration of 2.0% and seven reducing sugars according to the mass ratio of 1:0.3 to prepare a reaction total volume of 5 mL (pH = 10.0), placing the reaction mixture at 90 ℃ for shaking reaction for 6 h, cooling the reaction mixture, centrifuging the reaction mixture, taking supernate to dilute the supernate by 10 times, and determining the absorbance value at 320 nm.
See FIG. 7 for the absorbance of the Maillard reaction product of three sericin proteins and seven reducing sugarsHistogram; in the figure, OLS is outer sericin recovered after the silk fiber is boiled in water; ILS is inner-layer sericin obtained by boiling silk fiber subjected to degumming in water and removal of outer-layer sericin for 2 hours in high-temperature high-pressure water; SS is the full sericin which is dissolved and degraded by the calcium hydroxide aqueous solution by adopting the technical scheme of the invention,n = 3。
the result of this example shows that the conventional method is used to carry out Maillard grafting reaction on the water-soluble outer-layer sericin obtained by boiling silk in water and the inner-layer sericin dissolved at high temperature and high pressure water (120 ℃), and the glycosylation efficiency is very low. By adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention, the glycosylation efficiency of the sericin is effectively improved, the obtained glycosylated sericin overcomes the defects that protocollagen needs to be dissolved in hot water and silkworm pupae has light odor, can be widely applied to the fields of food additives, medical dressings, daily chemical products, cell culture matrixes, surface modification of materials and the like, and particularly has wide application in the aspects of assisting blood sugar reduction, wound healing dressings, cosmetics and the like.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of glycosylated sericin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) placing a silk raw material in a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.01-0.1%, boiling/ultrasonically boiling to hydrolyze sericin, filtering or centrifuging the obtained sericin dissolved solution, and removing impurities to obtain a sericin alkaline solution; adjusting the pH value to 9.0-11.0, and filtering or centrifuging to obtain a sericin aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-20%;
(2) mixing a reducing sugar aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 1-10% and a sericin aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of sericin to reducing sugar of 1: 0.1-0.6, and stirring or shaking at the temperature of 90-100 ℃ for reaction for 3-10 h to obtain an ochre-colored glycosylated sericin protein product.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the glycosylated sericin is prepared by the method comprising the steps of: the silk raw material comprises silk fiber, silkworm cocoon shell, raw silk, silk cotton sheet, silk fabric and blank silk.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the glycosylated sericin is prepared by the method comprising the steps of: in the step (1), the treatment time of boiling/ultrasonic boiling hydrolysis sericin is 0.5-2.0 h; the pH is adjusted to 10.0 with an acid or base.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the glycosylated sericin is prepared by the method comprising the steps of: in the step (2), the mass ratio of sericin to reducing sugar is 1:0.3, and the mass concentration of the reducing sugar aqueous solution is 2.4%; the reaction temperature is 95 ℃; the reaction time was 6 h.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the glycosylated sericin is prepared by the method comprising the steps of: and (3) performing spray drying or freeze drying on the product obtained in the step (2) to prepare glycosylated sericin powder.
6. A glycosylated sericin obtained by the production method according to claim 1.
7. The use of a glycosylated sericin according to claim 6, wherein: it can be used for surface modification of food additive, medical dressing, daily chemical product, cell culture matrix and material.
8. The use of a glycosylated sericin according to claim 7, wherein: the food additive is an auxiliary hypoglycemic additive; the medical dressing is a wound healing dressing; the daily chemical product is a cosmetic.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115040696A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-13 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Artificial blood vessel with low immunogenicity and preparation method thereof |
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| WO2015146955A1 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-01 | 日本水産株式会社 | Method for modifying marine protein material |
| CN106676642A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-17 | 苏州大学 | Silk degumming/scouring agent, application and treatment method for degumming waste liquid |
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| CN1477141A (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2004-02-25 | 苏州大学 | Production method of water soluble sericin |
| WO2015146955A1 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-01 | 日本水産株式会社 | Method for modifying marine protein material |
| CN104784754A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-07-22 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Silk artificial blood vessel and preparation method thereof |
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