CN113149113A - Vertical multistage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction - Google Patents
Vertical multistage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN113149113A CN113149113A CN202110448231.9A CN202110448231A CN113149113A CN 113149113 A CN113149113 A CN 113149113A CN 202110448231 A CN202110448231 A CN 202110448231A CN 113149113 A CN113149113 A CN 113149113A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/06—Flash evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/14—Maintenance of water treatment installations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction, belonging to the technical field of seawater desalination and centralized heating. This vertical multistage flash distillation device includes: the system comprises a 1-P level vertical condenser, a 1-P level vertical flash evaporator, a seawater heat recovery heat exchanger, a seawater peak heater, a seawater inlet pipeline, a seawater outlet pipeline and a fresh water outlet pipeline; the vertical multi-stage flash evaporation system with six structures for hydrothermal coproduction is formed by connecting inlet and outlet pipelines of each component; the invention designs a vertical structure, and the flash evaporator and the condenser are independently separated. The pressure in the flash vessel rises with increasing altitude and the pressure in the condenser falls with increasing altitude. The fresh water is directly heated into hot fresh water in the process, and the repeated heat exchange process that the fresh water is cooled firstly and then heated does not exist. Can match with the optimal flash evaporation process of the hydrothermal coproduction in thermodynamics. Thereby facilitating engineering practices of the particular scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination and centralized heating, and particularly relates to a vertical multistage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction.
Technical Field
Water shortages are increasingly becoming a global environmental and economic problem. China is one of the countries with the least water resources in the world, and needs to promote the efficient utilization of water resources from the aspects of open source and throttling. Since the second half of the 20 th century, desalination of sea water has gradually received worldwide attention. Compared with the other two fresh water taking modes, namely underground water taking and remote water transfer, the method has the advantages that the source of the raw water for seawater desalination is wide, the energy consumption is low, and the method is the most economical fresh water taking mode accepted by all countries in the world.
The traditional seawater desalination technology comprises multi-effect distillation in a thermal method, multi-stage flash evaporation and reverse osmosis in a membrane method to prepare fresh water. Wherein, the hot method seawater desalination energy utilization rate is low, and the membrane method reverse osmosis fresh water quality is not high. In fact, the hot method seawater desalination and the northern town central heating system can be combined, a hydrothermal coproduction mode is realized by preparing high-temperature fresh water, the requirements of seawater desalination and central heating are met, the energy utilization rate of the hot method seawater desalination can be improved, and the clean development of high heat efficiency of the seawater desalination and the central heating is promoted.
In order to realize the hydrothermal coproduction of seawater desalination, a plurality of processes including multi-effect distillation, multi-stage flash evaporation, reverse osmosis reheating and the like are proposed in published patents (patents: CN112062189A, CN212269517U, CN112010379A, CN212269518U, CN112010381A, CN112062188A, CN112062374A, CN112010380A, CN112062195A, CN112047432A and CN 112062187A). Among them, patent CN212269518U and CN112010381A adopt a multi-stage flash evaporation mode to achieve the purpose. The flash evaporator condenser in the process adopts a horizontal structure of the traditional seawater desalination, and the flash evaporator and the condenser are in the same cavity. The process needs to realize the circulation of the internal solution through a plurality of circulating pumps, and has higher operation cost.
Therefore, the invention provides a vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction, and provides a vertical structure, and a flash evaporator and a condenser are independently separated. This device can realize that fresh water is by direct heating for hot fresh water in the flow, does not have the fresh water and cools down the repeated heat transfer process that is heated earlier afterwards. The invention can match the optimal flash evaporation process of the hydrothermal coproduction in thermodynamics. Meanwhile, the use of a circulating pump in the system can be reduced, and the internal circulation of the liquid is realized by utilizing gravity to the maximum extent, which is an effect which can not be realized by the existing patent. The application designs the specific structure and action mode of each part in the system, and can further promote the implementation of the seawater desalination hydrothermal co-production idea.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction; the method is characterized in that: the vertical multistage flash distillation device includes: the system comprises a 1-P level vertical condenser 1, a 1-P level vertical flash evaporator 2, a seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3, a seawater peak heater 4, a seawater inlet pipeline 5, a seawater outlet pipeline 6 and a fresh water outlet pipeline 7; the system also comprises a fresh water peak heater 8, a reflux seawater pipeline 9, a reflux seawater flow regulating valve 10, an internal circulation seawater pipeline 11, a port 12 for heat exchange of an external heat source arranged inside the P-stage vertical flash evaporator and the P-stage vertical condenser and a fresh water bypass pipeline 13; wherein the 1-P stage vertical condenser 1 and the 1-P stage vertical flash evaporator 2 are connected through the inlet and outlet pipelines of the seawater inlet pipeline 5, the seawater outlet pipeline 6 and the fresh water outlet pipeline 7, and different components are selected according to specific conditions to form a vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device with six structures for hydrothermal coproduction; the vertical condenser 1 is an independent vertical multistage tank body; the vertical flash evaporator 2 is also an independent vertical multi-stage tank body; p is more than or equal to 2; the pressure inside the condenser and the flash evaporator at each stage is reduced along with the stage number.
The vertical condenser 1 comprises a P-th stage, a P-1-th stage, an … (M + 1) -th stage, an M-th stage, a … -th stage, a 2-th stage and a 1-th stage in sequence from high to low; the vertical condenser 1 adopts a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and all stages of the vertical condenser 1 are directly connected through a shell; the medium in the connecting channel pipe is seawater, and a seawater inlet 101 and a seawater outlet 102 are arranged; the medium outside the pipe is water vapor and condensed fresh water, and is provided with a fresh water inlet 103, a water vapor inlet 104 and a fresh water outlet 105; the seawater inlet 101 of the M-stage vertical condenser is communicated with the seawater outlet 102 of the M + 1-stage vertical condenser, so that the seawater is preheated step by step; the fresh water inlet 103 of the M-th level vertical condenser is communicated with the fresh water outlet 105 of the M + 1-th level vertical condenser, so that the fresh water is directly heated into hot fresh water once in the process, and a repeated heat exchange process that the fresh water is cooled and then heated does not exist; wherein M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to P-1.
The P-stage vertical flash evaporator 2 comprises a 1 st stage, a 2 nd stage, an … Mth stage, an M +1 th stage, a … P-1 st stage and a P stage from high to low in sequence; the vertical flash evaporator 2 is directly connected with each stage through a shell; the medium in the P-stage vertical flash evaporator 2 is seawater and comprises a seawater inlet 201, a seawater outlet 202 and a flash evaporation steam outlet 203; the seawater outlet 202 of the M-stage vertical flash evaporator is communicated with the seawater inlet 201 of the M + 1-stage vertical flash evaporator to realize the gradual flash evaporation of seawater; wherein M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to P-1.
The seawater spike heater 4 adopts a dividing wall type heat exchanger and is provided with a heat source inlet 401, a heat source outlet 402, a seawater inlet 403 and a seawater outlet 404; the heating heat source is selected according to the actual situation, and the heated medium is seawater; the seawater inlet 403 of the seawater peak heater 4 is communicated with the seawater outlet 102 of the 1 st-stage vertical condenser 1; the seawater outlet 404 of the seawater peak heater 4 is communicated with the seawater inlet 201 of the 1 st-stage vertical flash evaporator 2, and a seawater flow regulating valve 501 is arranged in the middle.
The seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3 adopts a dividing wall type heat exchanger; in the seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3, seawater in the seawater inlet pipeline 5 exchanges heat with seawater in the seawater outlet pipeline 6 to realize heat recovery of the seawater; the seawater inlet pipeline 5 is communicated with a seawater inlet 101 of the P-th stage vertical condenser, and the seawater outlet pipeline 6 is communicated with a seawater outlet 202 of the P-th stage vertical flash evaporator. The fresh water outlet pipeline 7 is communicated with a fresh water outlet 105 of the 1 st-stage vertical condenser.
And a variable frequency pump is arranged on the seawater inlet pipeline 5 to adjust the flow of inlet seawater. And a two-stage water pump is arranged on the seawater outlet pipeline 6 and comprises a first-stage shield pump and a second-stage variable frequency pump. After flowing out from the P-level seawater outlet 202 of the vertical flash evaporator, the seawater firstly passes through the shield pump and then passes through the variable frequency pump. And a two-stage water pump is also arranged on the fresh water outlet pipeline 7 and comprises a first-stage shield pump and a second-stage variable frequency pump. After flowing out from the fresh water outlet 105 of the 1 st-stage vertical condenser, the seawater firstly passes through the shield pump and then passes through the variable frequency pump.
The fresh water spike heater 8 is provided with a heat source inlet 801, a heat source outlet 802, a fresh water inlet 803 and a fresh water outlet 804; at this time, the fresh water inlet 803 of the fresh water spike heater 8 is communicated with the fresh water outlet 105 of the 1 st-stage vertical condenser 1, and the fresh water outlet 804 of the fresh water spike heater 8 is communicated with the fresh water outlet pipeline 7, so that the function of further heating the prepared fresh water is realized.
The seawater outlet 202 of the P-stage vertical flash evaporator 2 is connected with an internal circulation seawater pipeline 11 and is divided into a return seawater pipeline 9 and a seawater outlet pipeline 6; a backflow seawater flow regulating valve 10 is arranged on the backflow seawater pipeline 9 to regulate the flow distribution proportion of the backflow seawater pipeline 9 and the seawater outlet pipeline 6; the other side of the backflow seawater pipeline 9 is converged with the seawater inlet pipeline 5 to form an internal circulation seawater pipeline 11 which is connected with a seawater inlet 101 of the P-stage vertical condenser 1. At this time, the setting mode of the two-stage water pump on the seawater outlet pipeline 6 is changed into: the first stage canned motor pump is arranged on the internal circulation seawater pipeline 11, and the second stage variable frequency pump is arranged on the seawater outlet pipeline 6.
A fresh water bypass pipeline 13 is arranged between the fresh water outlet pipeline 7 and the 1 st-stage vertical flash evaporator, and meanwhile, a valve 1301 is arranged on the fresh water bypass pipeline 13, so that the quality of the prepared fresh water can be controlled.
The flash evaporation mode adopted in the vertical flash evaporator 2 can select immersion flash evaporation or spray flash evaporation; wherein, the pressure isolation mode of the M-stage vertical flash evaporator 2 and the M + 1-stage vertical flash evaporator 2 is orifice plate pressure isolation; multiple liquid baffles can be added in the flash evaporator to prevent liquid carried by steam, so that the quality of the fresh water prepared by the system is improved.
In the vertical condenser 1, the M +1 th-stage vertical condenser 1 and the M-stage vertical condenser 1 are isolated by porous plates; fresh water of the M + 1-stage vertical condenser enters the M-stage vertical condenser through the pore plate, the pore plate can be selected for spraying flow in an interstage flow mode of the fresh water, and direct contact type heat exchange can be selected in the heat exchange process of the fresh water and steam, so that the fresh water is heated step by step; after entering the condenser through the steam inlet 104, the steam heats the fresh water first, then preheats the seawater in the pipe, and is mixed with the fresh water in the cavity after being condensed into the fresh water; wherein M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to P-1.
The vertical structure provided by the invention can realize the flow of seawater and fresh water in the system by utilizing gravity to the maximum extent, and reduce the use of a circulating pump in the system, thereby reducing the operation cost of the system. The invention gives out the concrete implementation mode and the related structure of each part in the system in detail, which is helpful for the engineering implementation of the concrete scheme.
The invention has the following characteristics:
1. the vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction can realize direct preparation of high-temperature hot fresh water, effectively realize the combination of a seawater desalination system and a centralized heating system, solve the problem of water resource shortage through seawater desalination and realize the requirement of heating in winter through the high-temperature fresh water;
2. the process realizes that the fresh water is directly heated into hot fresh water in the process, does not have the repeated heat exchange process that the fresh water is cooled and then heated, and can be matched with the optimal seawater-heat cogeneration method seawater desalination process from the thermodynamic perspective;
3. the vertical structure can utilize gravity to the maximum extent to realize the flow of seawater and fresh water in the system, and reduce the use of a circulating pump in the system, thereby reducing the operation cost of the system and effectively reducing the occupied area of the system.
4. The invention provides a specific implementation mode and a related structure of each component in the system, and is beneficial to engineering implementation of a specific scheme.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first p-stage vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second p-stage vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third p-stage vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth p-stage vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction at p stages;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth p-stage vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an interstage overflow submerged flash mode of seawater in a vertical flash vessel;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an interstage orifice plate spray type flash evaporation mode of seawater in a vertical flash evaporator;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an interstage orifice plate spray type flow mode of fresh water in the vertical condenser and a direct contact type heat exchange process of the fresh water and steam.
Reference numerals:
1: a vertical condenser; 2: a vertical flash evaporator; 3: a seawater heat recovery heat exchanger; 4: a seawater peak heater; 5: a seawater inlet pipeline; 6: a seawater outlet pipeline; 7: a fresh water outlet pipeline; 8: a fresh water spike heater; 9: a return seawater pipeline; 10: a reflux seawater flow regulating valve; 11: an internal circulation seawater pipeline; 12: a port for realizing heat exchange with an external heat source; 13: fresh water bypass pipeline.
101: a seawater inlet of the vertical condenser; 102: a seawater outlet of the vertical condenser; 103: a fresh water inlet of the vertical condenser; 104: a water vapor inlet of the vertical condenser; 105: a fresh water outlet of the vertical condenser; 201: a seawater inlet of the vertical flash evaporator; 202: a seawater outlet of the vertical flash evaporator; 203: a steam outlet of the vertical flash evaporator; 204: a liquid baffle; 205: a pressure-isolating pore plate; 401: a heat source inlet of the seawater peak heater; 402: a heat source outlet of the seawater peak heater; 403: a seawater inlet of the seawater peak heater; 404: a seawater outlet of the seawater peak heater; 801: a heat source inlet of the fresh water spike heater; 802: a heat source outlet of the fresh water spike heater; 803: a fresh water inlet of the fresh water spike heater; 804: a fresh water outlet of the fresh water spike heater; 1301: a valve of a fresh water bypass pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction; the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first p-stage vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction; as shown in the figure, the vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device comprises a 1-P stage vertical condenser 1, a 1-P stage vertical flash evaporator 2, a seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3, a seawater peak heater 4, a seawater inlet pipeline 5, a seawater outlet pipeline 6 and a fresh water outlet pipeline 7; the system also comprises a fresh water peak heater 8, a reflux seawater pipeline 9, a reflux seawater flow regulating valve 10, an internal circulation seawater pipeline 11, a port 12 for heat exchange of an external heat source arranged inside the P-stage vertical flash evaporator and the P-stage vertical condenser and a fresh water bypass pipeline 13; wherein the vertical condenser 1 and the vertical flash evaporator 2 are connected through inlet and outlet pipelines of a seawater inlet pipeline 5, a seawater outlet pipeline 6 and a fresh water outlet pipeline 7, and different components are selected according to specific conditions to form a vertical multistage flash evaporation device with six structures for hydrothermal coproduction; the vertical condenser 1 is an independent vertical multistage tank body; the vertical flash evaporator 2 is also an independent vertical multi-stage tank body; p is more than or equal to 2; the pressure inside the condenser and the flash evaporator at each stage is reduced along with the stage number.
Specifically, the 1-P level vertical condenser 1 adopts a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, the medium of a channel in the tube is seawater, the medium outside the tube is water vapor and condensed fresh water, and a seawater inlet 101 of the M level vertical condenser is communicated with a seawater outlet 102 of the M +1 level vertical condenser; the fresh water inlet 102 of the M-th stage vertical condenser is communicated with the fresh water outlet 105 of the M + 1-th stage vertical condenser. Wherein M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to P-1. The medium in the P-stage vertical flash evaporator 2 is seawater. The seawater outlet 202 of the M-stage vertical flash evaporator is communicated with the seawater inlet 201 of the M + 1-stage vertical flash evaporator. Wherein M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to P-1, a steam outlet 203 of the M-th stage vertical flash evaporator is connected with a steam inlet 104 of the M-th stage vertical condenser, and M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to P.
The seawater peak heater 4 adopts a dividing wall type heat exchanger, and a heating source is selected according to actual conditions. The heated medium is seawater. The seawater inlet 403 of the seawater spike heater 4 is communicated with the seawater outlet 102 of the 1 st stage vertical condenser. A seawater outlet 404 of the seawater peak heater 4 is communicated with a seawater inlet 201 of the 1 st-stage vertical flash evaporator, and a seawater flow regulating valve 501 is arranged in the middle; the seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3 adopts a dividing wall type heat exchanger. A dividing wall type heat exchanger is adopted in the seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3; in the seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3, seawater in the seawater inlet pipeline 5 exchanges heat with seawater in the seawater outlet pipeline 6 to realize heat recovery of the seawater; the seawater inlet pipeline 5 is communicated with a seawater inlet 101 of the P-th stage vertical condenser, and the seawater outlet pipeline 6 is communicated with a seawater outlet 202 of the P-th stage vertical flash evaporator. The fresh water outlet pipeline 7 is communicated with a fresh water outlet 105 of the 1 st-stage vertical condenser.
And a variable frequency pump is arranged on the seawater inlet pipeline 5 to adjust the flow of inlet seawater. And a two-stage water pump is arranged on the seawater outlet pipeline 6 and comprises a first-stage shield pump and a second-stage variable frequency pump. After flowing out from the P-level seawater outlet 202 of the vertical flash evaporator, the seawater firstly passes through the shield pump and then passes through the variable frequency pump. And a two-stage water pump is also arranged on the fresh water outlet pipeline 7 and comprises a first-stage shield pump and a second-stage variable frequency pump. After flowing out from the fresh water outlet 105 of the 1 st-stage vertical condenser, the seawater firstly passes through the shield pump and then passes through the variable frequency pump.
From the view of internal fluid, seawater passes through the seawater inlet pipeline 5, firstly carries out a heat recovery process with effluent seawater in the seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3, then flows into the P-stage vertical condenser, flows to the 1-stage vertical condenser step by step, and then flows out, and the seawater is heated to high temperature by steam in the vertical condensers at all stages. And then, the seawater enters a seawater peak heater 4, is further heated to the highest temperature by an external heat source, enters a 1 st-stage vertical flash evaporator, flows step by step, is subjected to pressure reduction flash evaporation, finally enters a P-stage vertical flash evaporator 2, flows into a seawater outlet pipeline 6 after the flash evaporation process is finished, and is discharged out of the system after being subjected to heat exchange with inlet seawater through a seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3. Wherein, the seawater flows from high to low in the flash evaporator, and the specific flowing process is realized completely by the action of gravity.
After the seawater passes through each stage of vertical flash evaporator to complete the flash evaporation process, the water vapor flashed off enters the vertical condenser 1 with the same number in a certain mode, and the preheating process of the seawater and the heating process of the low-temperature fresh water are completed. Accordingly, the fresh water flows from the P-th stage vertical condenser to the 1 st stage vertical condenser step by step, and then flows into the fresh water outlet pipeline 7. The fresh water is directly heated into hot fresh water in the process, so that the repeated heat exchange process that the fresh water is cooled and heated firstly does not exist. In addition, fresh water flows from high to low in the condenser, and the specific flow process is realized completely through the action of gravity, so that the use of a pump is reduced to the maximum extent.
Wherein, the flash evaporation mode of the seawater in the flash evaporator can be respectively selected from the immersion flash evaporation mode and the spray flash evaporation mode as shown in fig. 7 and fig. 8. The flow mode of the fresh water between different stages in the condenser can be selected from a pore plate spraying mode shown in figure 9, and the heat exchange process of the fresh water and the steam can be selected from a direct contact type heat exchange process shown in figure 9.
The heat source forms of the seawater spike heater 4, the fresh water spike heater 8 and the seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3 can include steam extraction of a steam turbine in a cogeneration system, steam of a back pressure machine, low-grade exhaust steam, high-temperature circulating water and the like, and are selected and designed according to actual requirements.
Therefore, the vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction realizes the direct preparation of high-temperature hot fresh water. The basic structure of the device shown in fig. 1 realizes that fresh water is directly heated into hot fresh water in the process, a repeated heat exchange process that the fresh water is cooled and then heated does not exist, and the optimal hydrothermal cogeneration method seawater desalination process from the thermodynamic perspective can be matched. In addition, the vertical structure provided by the invention can utilize gravity to the maximum extent to realize the flow of seawater and fresh water in the system, and reduce the use of a circulating pump in the system, thereby reducing the operation cost of the system. The invention gives out the concrete implementation mode and the related structure of each part in the system in detail, which is helpful for the engineering implementation of the concrete scheme.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second vertical multistage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction. On the basis of the basic process flow shown in fig. 1, the process flow shown in fig. 2 is provided with a fresh water spike heater 8 on the fresh water outlet pipeline 7. The fresh water spike heater 8 is provided with a heat source inlet 801, a heat source outlet 802, a fresh water inlet 803 and a fresh water outlet 804; the fresh water inlet 803 of the fresh water peak heater 8 is communicated with the fresh water outlet 105 of the 1 st-stage vertical condenser, and the fresh water outlet 804 of the fresh water peak heater 8 is communicated with the fresh water outlet pipeline 7, so that the function of further heating the prepared fresh water is realized.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction. The flow scheme shown in fig. 3 changes the through-flow of seawater into a circular flow scheme based on the basic flow scheme shown in fig. 1. Specifically, a backflow seawater pipeline 9, a backflow seawater flow regulating valve 10 and an internal circulation seawater pipeline 11 are added. The internal circulation seawater pipeline 11 connected from the seawater outlet 202 of the P-stage vertical flash evaporator is divided into a reflux seawater pipeline 9 and a seawater outlet pipeline 6. The return seawater pipeline 9 is provided with a return seawater flow regulating valve 10 to regulate the flow distribution proportion of the return seawater pipeline 9 and the seawater outlet pipeline 6. The other side of the backflow seawater pipeline 9 and the seawater inlet pipeline 5 are converged into an internal circulation seawater pipeline 11 which is connected with a seawater inlet 101 of the P-stage vertical condenser. At this time, the setting mode of the two-stage water pump on the seawater outlet pipeline 6 is changed into: the first stage canned motor pump is arranged on the internal circulation seawater pipeline 11, and the second stage variable frequency pump is arranged on the seawater outlet pipeline 6.
The seawater flows out of the P-stage vertical flash evaporator, enters an internal circulation seawater pipeline 11, and then flows into a backflow seawater pipeline 9 according to a designed proportion to be mixed with the seawater in the seawater inlet pipeline 5, so that the internal circulation of the seawater in the system is realized; the other part of seawater flows into a seawater outlet pipeline 6 and is discharged out of the system.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth vertical multistage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to the invention. On the basis of the basic flow shown in fig. 1, N heat exchange ports 12 for realizing heat exchange with an external heat source are added to the flow shown in fig. 4. The heat exchange port 12 for the external heat source is arranged in the vertical flash evaporator 2 and the vertical condenser 1, wherein N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2P, and the heat exchange port can be arranged at will according to actual requirements. When a plurality of external heat source working conditions with different grades exist, such as high-temperature steam extraction by a steam turbine, high-temperature water, low-temperature exhaust steam and the like, the external heat source working conditions can be arbitrarily connected into a proper port according to a certain mode, and the co-production process of seawater desalination and hydrothermal production by a multi-grade heat source is realized.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a fifth vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to the present invention. On the basis of the basic flow shown in fig. 1, the flow shown in fig. 5 is provided with two sets of seawater heat recovery heat exchangers 3, and seawater in a seawater outlet pipeline 6 and seawater in a seawater inlet pipeline 5 realize heat recovery through one set of seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3. On the basis, the seawater in the seawater inlet pipeline 5 can exchange heat with a proper low-grade heat source through another set of seawater heat recovery heat exchanger 3. Therefore, after the seawater enters the system, the low-grade heat source and the waste heat of the discharged seawater are simultaneously recovered, and the overall heat efficiency of the system is improved.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a sixth vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to the present invention. On the basis of the basic flow path shown in fig. 1, the flow path shown in fig. 6 is designed with a fresh water bypass pipeline 13 and a valve 1301 thereon. The fresh water bypass pipeline 13 is used for connecting the fresh water outlet pipeline 7 with the 1 st-stage vertical flash evaporator. At this time, the quality of the produced fresh water can be controlled by the valve 1301, so that the fresh water can be output to the system after the quality of the fresh water is qualified.
In conclusion, the application provides a vertical multistage flash distillation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction. The vertical structure is designed, and the flash evaporator and the condenser are independently separated. The pressure in the flash vessel rises with increasing altitude and the pressure in the condenser falls with increasing altitude. The fresh water is directly heated into hot fresh water in the process, and the repeated heat exchange process that the fresh water is cooled firstly and then heated does not exist. The method can match with the optimal flash evaporation process of hydrothermal coproduction in thermodynamics. Simultaneously, sea water and fresh water all flow to low from the eminence in this application, and specific flow process all realizes through the action of gravity completely to the use of the inside circulating pump of system has been reduced to the at utmost. On the basis, the invention gives a specific implementation mode and related structures of all components in the system in detail, wherein the specific implementation mode and related structures comprise key equipment such as valves, pumps and the like, the types of all heat exchange devices, selectable flash evaporation modes, selectable liquid blocking modes, selectable fresh water flow modes, selectable fresh water and steam heat exchange modes and the like, so that the engineering implementation of a specific scheme is facilitated.
Claims (11)
1. A vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction; characterized in that, vertical multistage flash distillation system includes: the system comprises a 1-P level vertical condenser (1), a 1-P level vertical flash evaporator (2), a seawater heat recovery heat exchanger (3), a seawater peak heater (4), a seawater inlet pipeline (5), a seawater outlet pipeline (6) and a fresh water outlet pipeline (7); the device also comprises a fresh water peak heater (8), a backflow seawater pipeline (9), a backflow seawater flow regulating valve (10), an internal circulation seawater pipeline (11), an external heat source heat exchange port (12) arranged inside the vertical flash evaporator and the vertical condenser and a fresh water bypass pipeline (13); the vertical condenser (1) and the vertical flash evaporator (2) are connected through inlet and outlet pipelines of a seawater inlet pipeline (5), a seawater outlet pipeline (6) and a fresh water outlet pipeline (7), and different components are selected according to specific conditions to form a vertical multistage flash evaporation device with six structures for hydrothermal coproduction; the vertical condenser (1) is an independent vertical multistage tank body; the vertical flash evaporator (2) is also an independent vertical multi-stage tank body; p is more than or equal to 2; the pressure in each stage of condenser and flash evaporator is reduced along with the stage number;
the 1-P stage vertical condenser (1) comprises a P stage, a P-1 stage, an … M +1 stage, an M stage, a … stage, a 2 nd stage and a 1 st stage from high to low in sequence; the vertical condenser (1) adopts a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and all stages of the vertical condenser (1) are directly connected through a shell; the medium in the connecting channel pipe is seawater, and a seawater inlet (101) and a seawater outlet (102) are arranged; the medium outside the pipe is water vapor and condensed fresh water, and a fresh water inlet (103), a water vapor inlet (104) and a fresh water outlet (105) are arranged; wherein, a seawater inlet (101) of the M-stage vertical condenser is communicated with a seawater outlet (102) of the M + 1-stage vertical condenser, so that the seawater is preheated step by step; a fresh water inlet (103) of the M-th level vertical condenser is communicated with a fresh water outlet (105) of the M + 1-th level vertical condenser, so that the fresh water is directly heated into hot fresh water in the process, and a repeated heat exchange process that the fresh water is cooled and then heated does not exist; wherein M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to P-1;
the 1-P-stage vertical flash evaporator (2) comprises a 1 st stage, a 2 nd stage, an … Mth stage, an M +1 th stage, a …, a P-1 th stage and a P stage from high to low in sequence; each stage of the vertical flash evaporator (2) is directly connected through a shell; the medium in the vertical flash evaporator (2) is seawater and comprises a seawater inlet (201), a seawater outlet (202) and a flash evaporation steam outlet (203); a seawater outlet (202) of the M-stage vertical flash evaporator is communicated with a seawater inlet (201) of the M + 1-stage vertical flash evaporator to realize progressive flash evaporation of seawater; wherein M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to P-1;
the seawater spike heater (4) is provided with a heat source inlet (401), a heat source outlet (402), a seawater inlet (403) and a seawater outlet (404); a seawater inlet (403) of the seawater peak heater (4) is communicated with a seawater outlet (102) of the 1 st-stage vertical condenser; a seawater outlet (404) of the seawater peak heater (4) is communicated with a seawater inlet (201) of the 1 st-stage vertical flash evaporator, and a seawater flow regulating valve (501) is arranged in the middle;
in the seawater heat recovery heat exchanger (3), seawater in a seawater inlet pipeline (5) exchanges heat with seawater in a seawater outlet pipeline (6) to realize heat recovery of the seawater; the seawater inlet pipeline (5) is communicated with a seawater inlet (101) of the P-th-stage vertical condenser, the seawater outlet pipeline (6) is communicated with a seawater outlet (202) of the P-th-stage vertical flash evaporator, and the fresh water outlet pipeline (7) is communicated with a fresh water outlet (105) of the 1-th-stage vertical condenser.
2. The vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to claim 1; the seawater peak heater (4) is characterized in that a dividing wall type heat exchanger can be selected, a heating source is selected according to actual conditions, and a heated medium is seawater.
3. The vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to claim 1; the seawater heat recovery heat exchanger (3) is characterized in that a dividing wall type heat exchanger can be selected.
4. The vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to claim 1; the seawater desalination device is characterized in that a variable frequency pump is arranged on the seawater inlet pipeline (5) to adjust the flow of inlet seawater; a two-stage water pump is arranged on the seawater outlet pipeline (6) and comprises a first-stage shield pump and a second-stage variable frequency pump; after flowing out from a P-level seawater outlet (202) of the vertical flash evaporator, the seawater firstly passes through a shield pump and then passes through a variable frequency pump; a two-stage water pump is also arranged on the fresh water outlet pipeline (7) and comprises a first-stage shield pump and a second-stage variable frequency pump; after flowing out from a fresh water outlet (105) of the 1 st-stage vertical condenser, the seawater firstly passes through a shield pump and then passes through a variable frequency pump.
5. The vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to claim 1; the fresh water spike heater (8) is characterized by being provided with a heat source inlet (801), a heat source outlet (802), a fresh water inlet (803) and a fresh water outlet (804); at the moment, a fresh water inlet (803) of the fresh water spike heater (8) is communicated with a fresh water outlet (105) of the 1 st-stage vertical condenser, and a fresh water outlet (804) of the fresh water spike heater (8) is communicated with a fresh water outlet pipeline (7), so that the function of further heating the prepared fresh water is realized.
6. The vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to claim 1; the seawater recovery device is characterized in that a seawater outlet (202) of the P-stage vertical flash evaporator is connected with an internal circulation seawater pipeline (11) and is divided into a backflow seawater pipeline (9) and a seawater outlet pipeline (6); a backflow seawater flow regulating valve (10) is arranged on the backflow seawater pipeline (9) to regulate the flow distribution proportion of the backflow seawater pipeline (9) and the seawater outlet pipeline (6); the other side of the backflow seawater pipeline (9) is converged with a seawater inlet pipeline (5) to form an internal circulation seawater pipeline (11) which is connected with a seawater inlet (101) of a P-stage vertical condenser; at this time, the setting mode of the two-stage water pump on the seawater outlet pipeline (6) is changed into: the first stage canned motor pump is arranged on the internal circulation seawater pipeline (11), and the second stage variable frequency pump is arranged on the seawater outlet pipeline (6).
7. The vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to claim 1; the heat exchanger is characterized in that N external heat source heat exchange ports (12) are arranged in the P-stage vertical flash evaporator and the P-stage vertical condenser, the number N of the ports meets the condition that N is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2P, and the heat exchanger can be randomly arranged according to actual requirements; under the working conditions of a plurality of external heat sources with different grades, a proper external heat source heat exchange port (12) can be connected at will according to a certain mode, and the co-production process of seawater desalination and hydrothermal of multi-grade heat sources is realized.
8. The vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to claim 1; the seawater heat recovery system is characterized in that two sets of seawater heat recovery heat exchangers (3) can be arranged; at the moment, the seawater in the seawater outlet pipeline (6) and the seawater in the seawater inlet pipeline (5) realize heat recovery through one set of seawater heat recovery heat exchanger (3); the seawater inlet pipeline (5) carries out heat exchange between the seawater and a proper heat source through another set of seawater heat recovery heat exchanger (3).
9. The vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to claim 1; the device is characterized in that a fresh water bypass pipeline (13) is arranged between the fresh water outlet pipeline (7) and the 1 st-stage vertical flash evaporator, and a valve (1301) is arranged on the fresh water bypass pipeline (13), so that the quality of the prepared fresh water can be controlled.
10. The vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to claim 1; the vertical flash evaporator (2) is characterized in that the flash evaporation mode adopted in the vertical flash evaporator (2) can be immersion flash evaporation or spray flash evaporation; wherein, the pressure isolation mode of the M-stage vertical flash evaporator (2) and the M + 1-stage vertical flash evaporator (2) is orifice plate pressure isolation; multiple liquid baffles can be added in the flash evaporator to prevent liquid carried by steam, so that the quality of the fresh water prepared by the system is improved.
11. The vertical multi-stage flash evaporation device for realizing hydrothermal coproduction according to claim 1; the vertical condenser is characterized in that in the vertical condenser (1), the pressure isolation mode of the M +1 th-stage vertical condenser (1) and the M-stage vertical condenser (1) is that porous plates are used for isolating pressure; fresh water of the M + 1-stage vertical condenser enters the M-stage vertical condenser through the pore plate, the pore plate can be selected for spraying flow in an interstage flow mode of the fresh water, and direct contact type heat exchange can be selected in the heat exchange process of the fresh water and steam, so that the fresh water is heated step by step; after entering the condenser through the steam inlet (104), the steam heats fresh water, preheats seawater in the pipe, condenses into fresh water, and mixes with fresh water in the cavity; wherein M is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to P-1.
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| US4636283A (en) * | 1982-05-24 | 1987-01-13 | D.V.T. Buro Fur Anwendung Deutscher Verfahrenstechnik H. Morsy | Apparatus for the distillation of fresh water from sea water |
| CN107344790A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-11-14 | 哈尔滨工大金涛科技股份有限公司 | The multistage successive flash vaporization desalinization of integral type gravity stream and industrial wastewater treatment system |
| US10259734B1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2019-04-16 | Mansour S. Bader | Effective de-scaling for desalination plants and a new brine-forward multi-stage flash concept |
| CN112010381A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-12-01 | 北京清建能源技术有限公司 | Device and method for preparing hot distilled water through multistage flash evaporation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4636283A (en) * | 1982-05-24 | 1987-01-13 | D.V.T. Buro Fur Anwendung Deutscher Verfahrenstechnik H. Morsy | Apparatus for the distillation of fresh water from sea water |
| US10259734B1 (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2019-04-16 | Mansour S. Bader | Effective de-scaling for desalination plants and a new brine-forward multi-stage flash concept |
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