CN113148046A - Ship draught measuring method - Google Patents
Ship draught measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113148046A CN113148046A CN202110476861.7A CN202110476861A CN113148046A CN 113148046 A CN113148046 A CN 113148046A CN 202110476861 A CN202110476861 A CN 202110476861A CN 113148046 A CN113148046 A CN 113148046A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B39/00—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude
- B63B39/12—Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude for indicating draught or load
Abstract
The invention discloses a ship draught measuring method, and relates to the technical field of ship design. The ship draft measuring method comprises preparation work, measuring work and calculating work. Firstly, arranging a measuring point on a deck, and installing a distance measuring instrument at the measuring point; the method comprises the steps of obtaining the wave period of the sea area where a ship test is located, and setting a plurality of measuring periods, wherein the measuring periods are positive integral multiples of the wave period. And secondly, measuring the height S of the deck from the sea surface through a distance measuring instrument, and measuring and obtaining a plurality of S values in each measuring period. Then, respectively calculating the average value S 'of a plurality of S values in each measuring period, and then averaging all S' to obtain SaFinally, the actual ship draft is calculated to be (D-S)a) And D is the height from the deck to the bottom of the ship. When the ship draft measuring method is used, the ship draft can be measured accurately, and the personnel safety of measuring personnel can be ensured without going on and off the ship through the measuring personnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ship design, in particular to a ship draught measuring method.
Background
After the ship is built, marine pilot test is needed to ensure that relevant performance requirements are met. The ship speed is an important assessment index in a ship contract, and if the ship speed does not meet the contract requirement, the ship needs to face the risk of fine and even abandoning the ship by the shipowner. In order to obtain the ship speed, the speed of the ship needs to be measured. Before measuring the speed, the initial state of the ship, including draught, wind speed and direction, must be confirmed.
In the prior art, in order to obtain the draught of a ship, technicians design various draught instruments to measure the draught, but the draught instruments often have large deviation due to large sea wind and waves, so that the draught of the ship is read by manual visual inspection in many times. At the moment, a measurer can take off the ship and take on the rescue boat to visually observe the draught of the ship, but the method is influenced by subjective factors such as personal experience and objective conditions such as weather, the measurement accuracy of the method is poor, and the personal safety of the measurer is threatened due to the fact that the measurer needs to take on and off the ship for many times.
Accordingly, there is a need for a method for measuring draft of a ship to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ship draft measuring method, which can accurately measure the ship draft, does not need to read the ship draft by a measurer going on and off a ship, and can ensure the personal safety of the measurer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a ship draught measuring method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation: arranging a measuring point for measuring the draught of the ship on a deck of the ship, and installing a distance measuring instrument at the measuring point; acquiring a wave period of a sea area where a ship test is located, and setting a plurality of measurement periods, wherein the measurement periods are positive integral multiples of the wave period;
s2, measurement: measuring the height S of the deck from the sea surface through a distance meter, and measuring and obtaining a plurality of S values in each measurement period;
s3, calculation: firstly, respectively calculating the average value S 'of a plurality of S values in each measurement period, then, calculating the average value of all S' to obtain Sa, and finally, calculating to obtain the actual ship draft (D-S)a) And D is the height from the deck to the bottom of the ship.
Optionally, the ship draft measurement method further comprises the following steps:
s4, adjustment: calculating the actual ship displacement according to the actual ship draft, and if the deviation between the actual ship displacement and the theoretical ship displacement under the theoretical ship draft requirement is not more than 2%, taking the actual ship draft obtained in the step S3 as a final result;
if the calculated deviation of the actual ship displacement from the theoretical ship displacement is more than 2%, the ship ballast is readjusted, and the steps S2 and S3 are repeated, and the ship draft is remeasured until the deviation of the actual ship displacement from the theoretical ship displacement is not more than 2%.
Alternatively, in step S1, measurement points are provided on each of the port portion of the bow, the starboard portion of the bow, the port portion in the ship, the starboard portion in the ship, the port portion of the stern, and the starboard portion of the stern.
Alternatively, in step S1, one distance meter is provided at each measurement point.
Alternatively, in step S1, the rangefinder is set to be a laser rangefinder.
Optionally, a level is arranged in the laser range finder, and after the laser range finder is installed at the measuring point, the laser range finder is horizontally calibrated through the level.
Alternatively, in step S1, a total of 3 or 4 measurement cycles are provided.
Alternatively, in step S2, a plurality of time points at equal time intervals are set in each measurement cycle, and one S value is measured and obtained at each time point.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a ship draft measurement method, which can effectively eliminate the influence of sea waves on ship draft measurement by setting a measurement period to be positive integral multiple of a wave period and measuring the height of a deck from the sea surface for multiple times in each measurement period. On the basis, the measurement results in a plurality of measurement periods are averaged by setting the plurality of measurement periods, so that the measurement error is further reduced, and the accurate measurement of the ship draft can be ensured finally. Meanwhile, the distance measuring instrument is arranged on the deck, so that in the whole measuring process, measuring personnel do not need to go up and down to read the ship draft, and the personal safety of the measuring personnel can be ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring draft of a ship provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a ship provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a setting of a measurement time point according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a vessel; 11. a deck; 2. a range finder; 3. the sea surface.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
The embodiment provides a ship draft measuring method which can accurately measure ship draft, does not need to read the ship draft by a measurer going on and off a ship, and can ensure the personal safety of the measurer. The specific steps of the ship draft measuring method will be described with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
S1, preparation: a measuring point for measuring the draught of the ship is arranged on a deck 11 of the ship 1, and a distance measuring instrument 2 is arranged at the measuring point; obtaining the wave period (marked as T) of the sea area where the ship 1 is tested0) And setting a plurality of measurement periods (denoted as T), wherein T is T0Positive integer multiples of.
Preferably, in this step, measurement points may be provided at six positions, that is, a port portion of the bow, a starboard portion of the bow, a port portion in the ship, a starboard portion in the ship, a port portion of the stern, and a starboard portion of the stern, so as to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the ship draft measurement. In this embodiment, the six positions are all vertically opposite to the waterline position on the hull of the ship 1.
It will be appreciated that the number of measurement points at each location may be adjusted according to the actual needs. In this embodiment, for convenience of subsequent understanding, a measuring process of the draught of the ship is described by taking an example in which one measuring point is provided at each position.
Furthermore, each measuring point is provided with a distance measuring instrument 2, so that the draught of the ship can be measured at all the measuring points at the same time, errors caused by different measuring times are eliminated, and the measuring result is more accurate.
Regarding the specific type, the laser range finder is selected as the range finder 2 in the embodiment, which has the advantages of high speed and high precision, and can quickly obtain the measurement result and ensure the accuracy of the measurement result.
Optionally, a level gauge is further arranged in the laser range finder, and after the laser range finder is installed at the measuring point, the laser range finder can be horizontally calibrated through the level gauge so as to further ensure the accuracy of the measuring result.
In other aspects, for wave periods, this can be obtained by field observation and will not be described in detail herein. For the measurement period, T-kT can be recorded since it is a positive integer multiple of the wave period0Wherein k is a positive integer.
In this embodiment, for convenience of the following description, it is assumed that m measurement periods are provided. Preferably, m is 3 or 4, that is, 3 or 4T s are set, in order to reduce the measurement workload as much as possible and take into account the measurement accuracy.
S2, measurement: the height S of the deck 11 from the sea surface 3 is measured by the distance meter 2, and a plurality of S values are measured and obtained in each measurement period.
Specifically, the number of measured S values in each measurement period is recorded as n, and n is a positive integer. On the basis, for the m measurement period, the n S values can be respectively marked as Sm1、Sm2、……、Smn。
In the embodiment, in order to eliminate the influence of sea waves on the measurement of the draft of the ship as much as possible, a plurality of time points are arranged at equal time intervals in each measurement period. In actual measurement, an S value can be measured and obtained at each time point.
Specifically, the setting of the measurement time point is explained by taking fig. 3 as an example. FIG. 3 shows a measurement time point setting scheme, in which T is 2T0At this time, the time point corresponding to the wave crest and the wave trough, namely 0.25T, can be selected0、0.75T0、1.25T0And 1.75T0As a measurement time point.
S3, calculation: firstly, respectively calculating average values S 'of a plurality of S values in each measuring period, and then averaging all S' to obtain SaFinally, the actual ship draft is calculated to be (D-S)a). Wherein D is the height from the deck 11 to the bottom of the shipIt can be obtained in advance from the design data of the ship 1, and will not be described herein.
Specifically, the average value of a plurality of S values in the m-th measurement period is S'mS 'can be obtained by calculation'm＝(Sm1+Sm2+……+Smn) And/n. Then, m S' are averaged to obtain Sa＝(S′1+S′2+……S′m) And/m. Finally, if the actual ship draft is recorded as D, D ═ D-S can be obtaineda)。
In this embodiment, since there are 6 measurement points in total, 6 actual draft values, i.e., d, of the ship can be obtainedFP、dFS、dMP、dMS、dAPAnd dASWhich correspond to the draught values of the vessel at the measuring points of the port portion of the bow, the starboard portion of the bow, the port portion in the vessel, the starboard portion in the vessel, the port portion of the stern, and the starboard portion of the stern, respectively.
On the whole, when the draft of the ship is measured through the steps, the measurement period is set to be positive integral multiple of the wave period, and the height of the deck 11 from the sea surface 3 is measured for multiple times in each measurement period, so that the influence of the sea waves on the draft measurement of the ship can be effectively eliminated. On the basis, by setting a plurality of measuring periods, the measuring results in the measuring periods are averaged, so that the measuring error is further reduced, and the accurate measurement of the ship draft can be finally ensured. Meanwhile, the distance measuring instrument 2 is arranged on the deck 11, so that in the whole measuring process, measuring personnel do not need to go up and down to read the ship draft, and the personal safety of the measuring personnel can be ensured.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a step S4 is further provided after the step S3 to adjust draft of the ship, so as to better meet the speed measurement requirement of the ship 1.
Specifically, step S4 is an adjustment operation: calculating the actual ship displacement according to the actual ship draft, and if the deviation between the actual ship displacement and the theoretical ship displacement under the theoretical ship draft requirement is not more than 2%, taking the actual ship draft obtained in the step S3 as the final ship draft, wherein the theoretical ship draft can be obtained through the design data of the ship 1; if the deviation of the calculated actual ship displacement and the theoretical ship displacement is larger than 2%, the ballast of the ship 1 is readjusted, the steps S2 and S3 are repeated, the draught of the ship is measured again until the deviation of the actual ship displacement and the theoretical ship displacement is not larger than 2%, and the final ship draught is obtained.
It can be understood that, for the embodiment, since 6 measurement points are provided to obtain 6 actual draft values, when calculating the actual displacement of the ship, the average draft of the ship 1 should be calculated according to the 6 actual draft values, and then the actual displacement of the ship should be calculated from the average draft. Since the calculation of average draught is prior art, it is not described in detail here.
In summary, the embodiment provides a ship draft measurement method, by setting a measurement period that is positive integer times longer than a wave period, and measuring the height of the deck 11 from the sea surface 3 for multiple times in each measurement period, the influence of sea waves on ship draft measurement can be effectively eliminated. Later, through setting up a plurality of measurement periods, average to the measuring result in a plurality of measurement periods, can further reduce measuring error, finally guarantee to accurately survey the boats and ships draft, and need not the measurement personnel and go up and down the ship and read the boats and ships draft, can guarantee measurement personnel's personal safety.
Furthermore, the actual ship displacement is compared with the theoretical ship displacement by calculating the actual ship displacement, and the ship draft is correspondingly adjusted according to the comparison result, so that the speed measurement requirement of the ship 1 can be better met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited by the description of the present invention, which should be interpreted as a limitation.
Claims (8)
1. A ship draft measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparation: a measuring point for measuring the draught of the ship is arranged on a deck (11) of the ship (1), and a distance measuring instrument (2) is arranged at the measuring point; acquiring the wave period of the sea area where the ship (1) is tested, and setting a plurality of measurement periods, wherein the measurement periods are positive integral multiples of the wave period;
s2, measurement: measuring the height S of the deck (11) from the sea surface (3) through the distance measuring instrument (2), and measuring and obtaining a plurality of S values in each measuring period;
s3, calculation: firstly, respectively calculating average values S 'of a plurality of S values in each measuring period, and then averaging all S' to obtain SaFinally, the actual ship draft is calculated to be (D-S)a) Wherein D is the height from the deck (11) to the bottom of the ship.
2. The method of draft measurement according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s4, adjustment: calculating the actual ship displacement according to the actual ship draft, and if the deviation between the actual ship displacement and the theoretical ship displacement under the theoretical ship draft requirement is not more than 2%, taking the actual ship draft obtained in the step S3 as a final result;
if the calculated deviation of the actual ship displacement from the theoretical ship displacement is more than 2%, the ship ballast is readjusted, and the steps S2 and S3 are repeated, and the ship draft is remeasured until the deviation of the actual ship displacement from the theoretical ship displacement is not more than 2%.
3. The ship draft measuring method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, measuring points are provided on each of a port portion of the bow, a starboard portion of the bow, a port portion in the ship, a starboard portion in the ship, a port portion of the stern, and a starboard portion of the stern.
4. The ship draft measuring method according to claim 3, wherein in step S1, one distance meter (2) is provided at each measuring point.
5. The draft measuring method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the distance meter (2) is provided as a laser distance meter.
6. The method for measuring the draught of a ship according to claim 5, wherein a level gauge is arranged in the laser range finder (2), and after the laser range finder is installed at the measuring point, the laser range finder is horizontally calibrated through the level gauge.
7. The ship draft measuring method according to claim 1, wherein 3 or 4 measuring periods are provided in total in step S1.
8. The draft measuring method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, a plurality of time points are set at equal time intervals in each measuring period, and an S value is measured and obtained at each time point.
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| CN202110476861.7A CN113148046A (en) | 2021-04-29 | 2021-04-29 | Ship draught measuring method |
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| CN202110476861.7A CN113148046A (en) | 2021-04-29 | 2021-04-29 | Ship draught measuring method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115214855A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-21 | 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 | Ship floating state parameter real-time measurement system and measurement method |
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2021
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| JP2007333530A (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-27 | National Maritime Research Institute | Draft or like measuring device of hull |
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