CN113147311A - Transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile heat management system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile heat management system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113147311A
CN113147311A CN202110046984.7A CN202110046984A CN113147311A CN 113147311 A CN113147311 A CN 113147311A CN 202110046984 A CN202110046984 A CN 202110046984A CN 113147311 A CN113147311 A CN 113147311A
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battery
temperature
throttle valve
value
full
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CN113147311B (en
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曹锋
王谙词
殷翔
方健珉
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Dongfeng Motor Corp
Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile heat management system and a control method thereof, wherein the system comprises an air conditioning system, a battery heat management system and a control system; and the control system is used for controlling the battery pack to be cooled in a refrigeration mode of the air conditioning system, the battery pack to be cooled in a heating mode of the air conditioning system, and the battery pack to be cooled in a dehumidification mode of the air conditioning system or the battery pack to be heated in the heating mode of the air conditioning system. The invention adopts negative feedback PID control logic and fuzzy step control, combines the control judgment criterion and the variable corresponding relation, can accurately and rapidly control the system to work under the best working performance all the time, saves energy, simultaneously can ensure the comfort of passengers in a carriage, realizes the real-time collection and monitoring of the temperature of the battery, ensures that the battery works in the best temperature range all the time, prolongs the service life of the battery, and improves the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery.

Description

Transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile heat management system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of transcritical carbon dioxide systems, and particularly relates to a transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile heat management system and a control method thereof.
Background
The new energy automobile overcomes the problem of fossil fuel dependence of fuel oil automobiles, is diversified in energy utilization, quiet and environment-friendly, and represents the development trend of future automobiles. The new energy automobile is different from a fuel automobile, no engine waste heat can be used for heating air in a compartment at low ambient temperature, so that the pure new energy automobile basically adopts PTC electric heating for heating in winter at present, however, the vehicle-mounted battery of the pure new energy automobile has limited electric storage capacity, and the driving range of the automobile is influenced by adopting electric heating for heating. The heating coefficient of the heat pump type air conditioning system is more than 1, and compared with electric heating, the heat pump type air conditioning system has the characteristics of high efficiency and energy saving and is more beneficial to the development of pure and new energy automobiles. CO22The refrigerant has obvious advantages as a natural refrigerant. Transcritical CO2The heat pump cycle has unique advantages, the temperature of the heat release process is high, and a considerable temperature slip (about 80-100 ℃) exists. The circulation of the transcritical carbon dioxide circulation in the supercritical state is characterized in that the COP of the system can be controlled to reach the maximum value by controlling the pressure of the high-pressure side, and a method for further controlling the pressure value of the high-pressure side to reach a larger value can be adopted if necessary, so that higher refrigerating capacity is obtained at the cost of higher energy consumption. The system works under the strong refrigerating capacity, the refrigerating capacity is large, the temperature in the carriage is reduced more rapidly, but the corresponding power consumption is also larger, therefore, when the automobile starts to run and runs stably, the reasonable control of the working state of the automobile air conditioner is necessary, the comfort requirement of passengers can be met in the shortest possible time, the energy consumption is reduced, and the energy is saved.
At present, the main power batteries of electric automobiles are nickel-hydrogen batteries, fuel batteries and lithium ion batteries. In practical application, the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, high power factor, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, good stability and the like. The novel energy automobile power battery pack is a power battery pack widely used in new energy automobiles at present. The successful development of lithium ion battery electric vehicles greatly promotes the development of new energy electric vehicles.
However, lithium ion batteries are temperature sensitive devices, and their performance, lifetime, and safety are very sensitive to temperature. Due to the characteristics of lithium ion batteries, the suitable operating temperature range is relatively narrow. The optimal working temperature is 10-35 ℃, and the temperature difference between batteries is less than 5 ℃. Too high or too low a temperature can affect battery performance and constitute a significant safety hazard. The temperature rise is generally associated with the charging and discharging process. When the internal temperature of the battery pack continuously rises and heat cannot be dissipated in time, a temperature exceeding 80 ℃ may cause thermal runaway. Thermal runaway is often accompanied by the production of harmful gases, smoking, ignition, and even explosion. The lifetime of a lithium ion battery will be reduced by about two months per 1 deg.c increase in the temperature range of 30-40 deg.c. When the temperature exceeds the limit operating temperature, the aging of the lithium ion battery is accelerated. Low temperatures can reduce the discharge capacity of the battery. Lithium plating occurs at high rates and low temperatures during charging, which shortens battery life and causes safety problems. In addition, the temperature difference between the internal and ambient temperatures and the temperature difference between the cells inside the battery pack all negatively affect the performance, life and safety of the cells.
In the prior art, no good solution is available for effectively managing the temperature of the lithium battery in the trans-critical carbon dioxide new energy automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile heat management system and a control method thereof, so as to solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a thermal management system of a trans-critical carbon dioxide new energy automobile comprises an air conditioning system, a battery thermal management system and a control system;
the air conditioning system includes: a compressor; the exhaust port of the compressor is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the inlet of the auxiliary heat exchanger, the other path is connected with the inlet of the bypass valve, the outlet of the auxiliary heat exchanger is also divided into two paths, one path is connected with the outlet of the bypass valve, the other path is connected with the port b of the four-way reversing valve, the port a of the four-way reversing valve is connected with the inlet of the first full-through throttle valve, the port c is connected with the outlet of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle, and the port d is connected with the inlet of the liquid reservoir; the outlet of the first full-through throttle valve is connected with the inlet of the main heat exchanger, the outlet of the main heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the second full-through throttle valve through the first bidirectional throttle valve, the outlet of the second full-through throttle valve is connected with the inlet of the high-pressure end of the heat regenerator, the outlet of the high-pressure end of the heat regenerator is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger outside the vehicle, the outlet of the liquid accumulator is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure end of the heat regenerator, and the outlet of the low-pressure end is connected with the air suction port of the compressor;
the battery thermal management system comprises: the battery pack, the second bidirectional throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve; the outlet of the first full-through throttle valve is also connected with the inlet of a second bidirectional throttle valve; the outlet of the second bidirectional throttling valve is connected with a battery pack, and the outlet of the battery pack is connected with the inlet of a third full-through throttling valve; the outlet of the third full-through throttle valve and the outlet of the first bidirectional throttle valve are converged and connected with the inlet of the second full-through throttle valve;
and the control system is used for controlling the battery pack to be cooled in a refrigeration mode of the air conditioning system, the battery pack to be cooled in a heating mode of the air conditioning system, and the battery pack to be cooled in a dehumidification mode of the air conditioning system or the battery pack to be heated in the heating mode of the air conditioning system.
The invention further improves the following steps: the thermal management system for the transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile comprises:
the mode of the air conditioning system is selected by a button, and the heating or cooling state of the battery newspaper is automatically controlled by the control system.
The invention further improves the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
when the ambient temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the air conditioning system is in a refrigeration mode, and the control system controls the battery pack to be in a cooled state;
the environment temperature is 5-20 ℃, the relative humidity of the environment is greater than a set threshold value, the air conditioning system is in a dehumidification mode, and the control system controls the battery pack to be in a cooled state;
when the ambient temperature is less than 15 ℃, and the relative humidity of the environment is less than a set threshold value, the air conditioning system is in a heating mode, the control system controls the battery pack to be in a heated state initially, the temperature of the battery pack gradually rises after the vehicle is started, and when the temperature is higher than the set range, the control system controls the battery pack to be in a cooled state.
The invention further improves the following steps: the real-time temperature of the battery collected by the battery pack temperature measuring point is TbatteryAnd the standard set temperature of the battery is TsetWhen T isbattery<TsetWhen the battery pack is heated, the control system starts the control of the heating function of the battery pack; when T isbattery>TsetWhen the battery pack is cooled, the control system starts the control of the cooling function of the battery pack; the temperature control of the battery pack adopts fuzzy step control.
The invention further improves the following steps: the control system consists of 4 PID controls and a fuzzy step control; there are 4 target values for the PID controller, which are: COP of the air conditioning system, outlet dryness of the battery pack path refrigerant, superheat of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device and air supply temperature of the carriage; the target value of the COP of the air conditioning system corresponds to the optimal COP at the ambient temperature.
The target value of the fuzzy step control is the temperature of the battery; the battery temperature control is divided into two modes, namely accurate temperature control and fuzzy range control; the target value of the accurate temperature control of the battery temperature is 25 ℃, and the target range of the fuzzy range control is 10-35 ℃;
the outlet dryness target value of the refrigerant of the battery circuit is 0.9;
the superheat target value of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device is 0 ℃;
the target value of the compartment temperature in the cooling mode is 10 ℃ and the target value of the compartment temperature in the heating mode is 40 ℃.
The invention further improves the following steps: the temperature control of the battery is realized by adjusting the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant of the battery circuit; the standard set value of the evaporation temperature of the battery branch is 8-12 ℃;
the real-time temperature collected by the evaporation temperature measuring point of the battery branch is Tbat_evaWhen the accurate temperature control is adopted, the standard set value of the evaporation temperature of the battery branch is a specific value, namely Teva_accsetThe standard of the evaporation temperature of the battery branch is set to a range, i.e. Teva_fuzsetHereinafter, it is collectively referred to as Teva_set。
When T isbat_eva∈Teva_setMeanwhile, the COP value of the air conditioning system is controlled by the exhaust pressure;
optimum exhaust pressure value P of air conditioning systemoptAnd ambient temperature TevnHeating power P of batterybatIn relation, the function relationship of the target value of the exhaust pressure for the optimum exhaust pressure control is:
Popt＝f(Tenv,Pbat)
when T isbat_eva>Teva_setAt the maximum value of (3), the COP value of the air conditioning system is controlled by the suction pressure.
When T isbat_eva<Teva_setAt maximum value of (3), the COP value of the air conditioning system is controlled by the discharge pressure.
The invention further improves the following steps: when T isbat_eva∈Teva_setThe method comprises the following steps:
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a refrigeration mode, the first PID controller controls the exhaust pressure of the air conditioning system, the input quantity of the first PID controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity of the first PID controller is the opening of the second all-pass throttle valve, and the target value is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air conditioning system; the second PID controller controls the air supply temperature of the carriage, the input quantity is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output quantity is the rotating speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature; the third PID controller controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant of the battery circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant of the battery circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the second full-through throttle valve, and the target value is a dryness set value; the fourth PID controller controls the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the refrigerant, the output quantity is the opening value of the first bidirectional throttle valve, and the target value is the set value of the superheat degree of the refrigerant; the fuzzy step controller controls the temperature of the battery, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the third all-pass throttle valve, and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery;
when the control system controls the air-conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a heating mode, the first PID controller controls the exhaust pressure of the air-conditioning system, the input quantity of the controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity is the opening of the first bidirectional throttle valve, and the target value is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air-conditioning system; the second PID controller controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the third full-through throttle valve, and the target value is a dryness set value; the third PID controller controls the air supply temperature of the carriage, the input quantity is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output quantity is the rotating speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature; the fourth PID controller controls the superheat degree of the outlet of the evaporator, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the outlet of the evaporator, the output quantity is the opening degree of the first bidirectional throttle valve, and the target value is a superheat degree set value; the fuzzy step controller controls the temperature of the battery, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the second bidirectional throttle valve, and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a dehumidification mode, the first PID controller controls the exhaust pressure of the air conditioning system, the input quantity of the controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity of the controller is the opening of the first bidirectional throttle valve, and the target value of the output quantity of the controller is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air conditioning system; the second PID controller controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the third full-through throttle valve, and the target value is a dryness set value; the third PID controller controls the air supply temperature of the carriage, the input quantity is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output quantity is the rotating speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature; the fourth PID controller controls the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the refrigerant, the output quantity is the opening value of the first bidirectional throttle valve, and the target value is the set value of the superheat degree of the refrigerant; the fuzzy saving controller controls the temperature of the battery pack, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the second bidirectional throttle valve, and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery;
when the control system controls the air-conditioning system to heat the battery pack in a heating mode, the first PID controller controls the exhaust pressure of the air-conditioning system, the input quantity of the controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity is the opening of the first bidirectional throttle valve, and the target value is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air-conditioning system; the second PID controller controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the third full-through throttle valve, and the target value is a dryness set value; the third PID controller controls the air supply temperature of the carriage, the input quantity is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output quantity is the rotating speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature; the fourth PID controller controls the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the refrigerant, the output quantity is the opening value of the first bidirectional throttle valve, and the target value is the set value of the superheat degree of the refrigerant; the fuzzy controller controls the temperature of the battery, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the second bidirectional throttle valve, and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery.
The invention further improves the following steps: the first full-through throttle valve, the second full-through throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve are all valve elements which are in bidirectional full-through and can perform bidirectional throttling;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a refrigeration mode, the bypass valve is opened, the auxiliary heat exchanger is bypassed, the second bidirectional throttle valve, the third full-through throttle valve and the second full-through throttle valve are throttled, the first bidirectional throttle valve is throttled, and the first full-through throttle valve is fully opened; the end b and the end c of the four-way reversing valve are communicated, and the end a and the end d are communicated;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a heating mode, the bypass valve is closed, the auxiliary heat exchanger is connected to the system, the second bidirectional throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve are throttled, and the first bidirectional throttle valve, the second full-through throttle valve and the first full-through throttle valve are fully communicated; the end b and the end a of the four-way reversing valve are communicated, and the end c and the end d are communicated;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a dehumidification mode, the bypass valve is closed, the auxiliary heat exchanger is connected into the system, the second bidirectional throttle valve, the third full-through throttle valve and the first full-through throttle valve are throttled, the first bidirectional throttle valve is throttled, and the second full-through throttle valve is fully opened; the end b and the end a of the four-way reversing valve are communicated, and the end c and the end d are communicated;
when the control system controls the air-conditioning system to heat the battery pack in a heating mode, the bypass valve is closed, the auxiliary heat exchanger is connected to the system, the second bidirectional throttle valve, the third full-through throttle valve and the first full-through throttle valve are throttled, the first bidirectional throttle valve is throttled, and the second full-through throttle valve is fully opened; the end b and the end a of the four-way reversing valve are communicated, and the end c and the end d are communicated.
The invention further improves the following steps: the PID control method comprises the following steps:
the battery temperature control of the battery circuit comprises fuzzy range control and accurate temperature control;
the contents of the fuzzy range control are as follows: first, the standard set temperature T of the lithium batterysetIs a range: 10 to 35 ℃;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a refrigeration mode, when the temperature of the battery is lower than 35 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve are completely closed, the battery cooling function is closed, and the thermal management system only has the air conditioning function; at the moment, the first PID controller and the fourth PID controller are started to carry out target control, and the second PID controller and the third PID controller are closed and do not work; when the temperature of the battery rises to over 35 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve start to work, at the moment, the battery cooling function is started, the air conditioning system and the battery temperature adjusting function in the thermal management system are simultaneously started, and 4 PID controllers work simultaneously to adjust system parameters; the output of the fuzzy controller third full-through throttle valve is given an initial opening x0When the system reaches the steady state again, if the battery temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃, the state is kept to operate; if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, inputting the battery temperature in a new steady state into a fuzzy step controller as an input quantity, wherein the fuzzy step controller gives an output signal to reduce the opening of the second bidirectional throttle valve by delta x, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, keeping the state to operate, if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, repeating the control steps until the temperature of the battery is reduced to be 35 ℃ in steady state operationThe opening degree of the second bidirectional throttle valve is kept unchanged until the temperature is lower than the DEG C, and the fuzzy step controller does not act any more;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a heating mode, when the battery temperature is lower than 35 ℃, the battery temperature control function is not started, the second bidirectional throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve are closed, the second PID controller is closed, and the fuzzy step controller is not started; when the temperature of the battery is controlled to be higher than 35 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve are opened, the second PID controller is started, the fuzzy step controller is started, and an initial value x of the second bidirectional throttle valve is given0After the system operates stably, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, the battery is kept to operate in the state; if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, inputting the battery temperature in a new steady state into a fuzzy step controller as an input quantity, wherein the fuzzy step controller gives an output signal to reduce the opening of the second bidirectional throttling valve by delta x, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, keeping the state to operate, if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, repeating the control steps until the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃ in steady state operation, keeping the opening of the second bidirectional throttling valve unchanged, and stopping the fuzzy step controller from operating;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a dehumidification mode, when the temperature of the battery is lower than 35 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve are closed, the second PID controller and the fuzzy step controller are closed, and the system only has an air conditioning function; when the temperature of the battery rises to above 35 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve are opened, and the second PID controller and the fuzzy step controller are started to start battery temperature regulation; in the battery heating function in the heating mode, when the temperature of the battery is lower than 10 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve and the third all-pass throttle valve are opened, the battery thermal management function is started, the first PID controller, the third PID controller, the fourth PID controller and the fuzzy step controller are started to work simultaneously, and the battery temperature is regulated; after the system stably operates and the temperature of the battery rises to be above 10 ℃, the opening degree of the second bidirectional throttle valve is kept unchanged, and the fuzzy step controller does not act any more;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to heat the battery pack in a heating mode, and the battery temperature is higher than 10 ℃, the battery temperature control function is not started, the second bidirectional throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve are closed, the second PID controller is closed, and the fuzzy step controller is not started; when the temperature of the battery is controlled to be lower than 10 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve, the third full-through throttle valve are opened, the second PID controller is started, the fuzzy step controller is started, and an initial value x of the second bidirectional throttle valve is given0After the system operates stably, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, the battery is kept to operate in the state; and if the temperature of the battery is still lower than 10 ℃, inputting the battery temperature in a new steady state into the fuzzy step controller as an input quantity, wherein the fuzzy step controller gives an output signal to reduce the opening of the output second bidirectional throttle valve by delta x, if the temperature of the battery is increased to 10 ℃, the state operation is kept, if the temperature of the battery is still lower than 10 ℃, the control steps are repeated until the temperature of the battery is increased to more than 10 ℃ in steady state operation, then the opening of the second bidirectional throttle valve is kept unchanged, and the fuzzy step controller does not act any more.
The invention further improves the following steps: standard set temperature T of battery for accurate temperature controlsetSetting the temperature to be 25 ℃;
when the compressor is started and the air conditioning system is started, the battery thermal management system and the control system are synchronously started to control the temperature of the battery until the temperature of the battery is stabilized at 25 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in order to solve the problem of temperature control of the lithium ion battery, the invention provides a parallel refrigerant direct cooling thermal management system and a method which are combined with a transcritical CO2 heat pump air conditioning system; most of the existing battery thermal management technologies adopt air cooling and secondary refrigerant indirect cooling modes. The cooling effect of air cooling is poor, and when the ambient temperature is too high in summer, the air cooling cannot effectively cool the battery. The secondary refrigerant such as glycol used for indirect cooling is flammable, has low safety performance, needs an additional pump for power supply, and is complex in system. The thermal management system provided by the invention can be used for monitoring and managing the temperature of the lithium ion battery in real time, and the battery is always in the optimal temperature range. And on the basis of temperature control, the refrigerant dryness control is added, so that the temperature uniformity of the battery is ensured. The refrigerant CO2 is non-toxic and non-combustible, the system mechanism is relatively simple, the cooling efficiency is high, and the temperature of the battery can be ensured to be in the optimum working temperature range under any environmental working condition.
The invention adopts negative feedback PID control logic and fuzzy step control, combines the control judgment criterion and the variable corresponding relation, can accurately and rapidly control the system to work under the best working performance all the time, saves energy, simultaneously can ensure the comfort of passengers in a carriage, realizes the real-time collection and monitoring of the temperature of the battery, ensures that the battery works in the best temperature range all the time, prolongs the service life of the battery, and improves the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery cooling function system in a refrigeration mode of a thermal management system of a transcritical carbon dioxide new energy vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery cooling function system in a heating mode of the thermal management system of the transcritical carbon dioxide new energy vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery cooling function system in a dehumidification mode of a thermal management system of a transcritical carbon dioxide new energy vehicle according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery heating function system in a heating mode of the thermal management system of the transcritical carbon dioxide new energy vehicle according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The following detailed description is exemplary in nature and is intended to provide further details of the invention. Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a thermal management system for a transcritical carbon dioxide new energy vehicle, including the following components: the heat recovery system comprises a compressor 1, an auxiliary heat exchanger 2, a main heat exchanger 3, a bypass valve 4, a four-way reversing valve 5, a two-way throttle valve 6, a full-through throttle valve 7, a full-through throttle valve 8, a heat regenerator 9, an external heat exchanger 10, a liquid storage device 20, a battery pack 12 and a full-through throttle valve 13.
The exhaust port of the compressor 1 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the inlet of the auxiliary heat exchanger 2, the other path is connected with the inlet of the bypass valve 4, the outlet of the auxiliary heat exchanger 2 is also divided into two paths, one path is connected with the outlet of the bypass valve 4, the other path is connected with the port b of the four-way reversing valve 5, the port a of the four-way reversing valve 5 is connected with the inlet of the all-way throttle valve 13, the port c is connected with the outlet of the vehicle-outside heat exchanger 10, and the port d is connected with the inlet of the liquid storage device. The outlet of the all-through throttle valve 13 is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the inlet of the main heat exchanger 3, the other path is connected with the inlet of the all-through throttle valve 6, the outlet of the main heat exchanger 3 is connected with the inlet of the two-way throttle valve 5, the outlet of the all-through throttle valve 6 is connected with the battery pack 12, the outlet of the battery pack 12 is connected with the inlet of the all-through throttle valve 7, the outlet of the all-through throttle valve 7 is converged with the outlet of the two-way throttle valve 5 and then is connected with the inlet of the all-through throttle valve 8, the outlet of the all-through throttle valve 8 is connected with the high-pressure inlet of the regenerator 9, the high-pressure outlet of the regenerator 9 is connected with the inlet of the external heat exchanger 10, the outlet of the external heat exchanger 10 is connected with the c port of the four-way reversing valve 5, the outlet of the reservoir 20 is connected with the low-pressure inlet of the regenerator 9, and the low-pressure outlet is connected with the air suction port of the compressor 1.
Example 2
The invention provides a thermal management method for a transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile, which controls the thermal management system of the transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile in embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps: battery cooling in an air-conditioning cooling mode, battery cooling in an air-conditioning heating mode, battery cooling in an air-conditioning dehumidification function, and battery heating in an air-conditioning heating mode.
The environment working conditions corresponding to the various functional modes are as follows: when the ambient temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the air conditioner may be in a refrigeration condition, and the battery is in a cooled state. When the ambient temperature is 5-20 ℃, if the relative humidity of the environment is too high, such as rainy days, the air conditioner is in a dehumidification function, and the battery is in a cooled state. When the ambient temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the air conditioner is in a heating state, the battery is initially in a heated state, after the vehicle is started, the temperature of the battery gradually rises, and when the temperature is higher than a set range, the battery is in a cooled state. The mode conversion is realized by a four-way reversing valve 5, and the cooling and heating of the battery are realized by controlling the evaporation temperature and the flow of the battery circuit by the throttling degree of full-through throttling valves 6 and 7. The mode of the air conditioner is selected by a passenger through a mode button, and heating or cooling of the battery is automatically controlled.
The real-time temperature of the battery acquired by the battery temperature measuring point is TbatteryAnd the standard set temperature of the battery is TsetWhen T isbattery<TsetWhen the temperature of the battery is controlled, the heating function control is automatically started; when T isbattery>TsetAnd when the battery temperature is controlled, the battery cooling function control is automatically started. The temperature control of the battery adopts fuzzy step control.
Further, the control system consists of 4 PID controls and one fuzzy step control. When the battery temperature is controlled by adopting the PID controller to carry out real-time stepless regulation, the 5 PID controllers have close coupling action, so that the control target value cannot reach the target value at the same time. Therefore, the temperature control of the battery adopts fuzzy step control, and the mutual interference of the state change of the battery circuit to the air conditioning circuit is reduced. The target values of the PID controllers are 4, which are respectively the COP of the air conditioning system, the outlet dryness value of the battery pack refrigerant, the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device and the air supply temperature value of the carriage. The target value of the fuzzy step control is the temperature of the battery. The battery temperature control is divided into two modes, namely accurate temperature control and fuzzy range control.
Further, a target value of precise temperature control of the battery temperature is recommended to be 25 ℃, and a target range of fuzzy range control is recommended to be 10-35 ℃. The recommended outlet dryness of the refrigerant of the battery circuit is 0.9. The superheat of the refrigerant at the accumulator inlet or evaporator outlet is recommended to be no higher than 5 deg.c. The recommended value of the air supply temperature of the carriage in the cooling mode is 10 ℃, and the recommended value in the heating mode is 40 ℃.
Furthermore, the temperature control of the battery is realized by adjusting the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant of the battery circuit, and the recommended value of the standard set value of the evaporation temperature of the battery circuit is 8-12 ℃. Both too low and too high a battery circuit evaporation temperature can affect exhaust pressure control. The real-time temperature collected by the evaporation temperature measuring point of the battery branch is Tbat_evaThe standard set value range of the evaporation temperature of the battery branch is Teva_setWhen T isbat_eva∈Teva_setMeanwhile, the COP value of the air conditioning system is controlled by the discharge pressure, i.e., an optimum discharge pressure control system. Optimum exhaust pressure value P of air conditioning systemoptAnd ambient temperature TevnHeating power P of batterybatIn this regard, the target value of the exhaust pressure for the optimum exhaust pressure control is not a constant value but a functional relationship:
Popt＝f(Tenv,Pbat)
when T isbat_eva>Teva_setAt the maximum value of (3), the COP value of the air conditioning system is controlled by the suction pressure, i.e. the opening of the main throttle valve is feedback controlled by the value of the suction pressure. In addition to the special requirements of the battery for the heat transfer temperature, T is generally not recommendedbat_eva>Teva_set。
When T isbat_eva<Teva_setAt the minimum, the discharge pressure of the system is too high and may exceed the upper tolerance limit of the compressor.
Further, when T isbat_eva∈Teva_setThe method comprises the following steps:
when the ambient temperature is higher than 25 ℃, in the battery cooling function in the refrigeration mode, the PID controller 11 controls the exhaust pressure of the air conditioning system, the input quantity of the controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity is the opening degree of the full-through throttle valve 8, and the target value is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air conditioning system. The PID controller 12 controls the temperature of the air supply to the vehicle cabin, and the input amount is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output amount is the rotational speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature. The PID controller 13 controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant in the battery pack circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant in the battery pack circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the full-through throttle valve 6, and the target value is the dryness set value. The PID controller 14 controls the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the refrigerant, and the output quantity is the opening value of the two-way throttle valve 5. The target value is a superheat setting value of the refrigerant. The fuzzy step controller controls the temperature of the battery, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the all-pass throttle valve 7, and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery.
The compressor compresses a refrigerant to a high-temperature high-pressure state, the auxiliary heat exchanger 2 is bypassed, the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant from the compressor flows to an inlet of the external heat exchanger 10 through the four-way reversing valve bc channel, the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant exchanges heat with air in the external environment in the external heat exchanger and then becomes a medium-temperature high-pressure state, the high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant enters the high-pressure channel of the regenerator and exchanges heat with the refrigerant entering the low-pressure channel of the regenerator from the liquid reservoir, the refrigerant is further subcooled to a medium-temperature high-pressure state with lower temperature, then passes through the all-pass throttle valve 8, is throttled for the first time and then is divided into two paths, one path of the refrigerant passes through the all-pass throttle valve 7 and is throttled for the second time to become a low-temperature low-pressure two-phase state, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the battery, the heat of the battery is taken away, and then the refrigerant passes through the all-pass throttle valve 6 and is throttled for the third time; the other path of the refrigerant passes through the bidirectional throttle valve 5, is throttled for the second time and flows to the main heat exchanger 3, after the refrigerant exchanges heat with air, the air is cooled and then blown to the carriage, the purpose of cooling the carriage is achieved, then the refrigerant flowing out of the outlet of the main heat exchanger 3 is mixed with the refrigerant at the outlet of the all-through throttle valve 6, the refrigerant flows to the all-through throttle valve 13, the all-through throttle valve 13 is fully opened at the moment, the refrigerant enters the liquid storage device through the ad channel of the four-way reversing valve 5 and then enters the low-pressure channel of the heat regenerator, and finally returns to the suction cavity of the compressor, so that the whole cycle is completed.
When the ambient temperature is 5-20 ℃, in the battery cooling function in the air-conditioning dehumidification mode, the PID controller 11 controls the exhaust pressure of the air-conditioning system, the input quantity of the controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity is the opening degree of the two-way throttle valve 13, and the target value is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air-conditioning system. The PID controller 12 controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant in the battery pack circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant in the battery pack circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the all-pass throttle valve 7, and the target value is a dryness set value. The PID controller 13 controls the air supply temperature of the vehicle cabin, and the input amount is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output amount is the rotation speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature. The PID controller 14 controls the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the refrigerant, and the output quantity is the opening value of the two-way throttle valve 5. The target value is a superheat setting value of the refrigerant. The fuzzy saving controller controls the temperature of the battery pack, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the all-pass throttle valve 6, and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery.
After the refrigerant is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure state by the compressor, the refrigerant flows to the auxiliary heat exchanger 2 to exchange heat with the air supplied by the carriage, then is changed into a medium-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, passes through a ba channel of the four-way reversing valve, flows to the all-way throttle valve 13, is throttled once and then is divided into two paths, one path flows to the bidirectional throttle valve 6 and is throttled secondarily, the refrigerant is changed into a low-temperature and low-pressure state, and exchanges heat with the battery, so that the refrigerant is cooled and then flows to the all-way throttle valve 7 and is throttled for three times; the other path of refrigerant flows to the main heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat with the air supplied by the carriage, the cooling and moisture separating functions of the air supplied are realized, then the refrigerant flows to the two-way throttle valve 5 from the main heat exchanger 3 and is throttled for the second time, the refrigerant is mixed with the refrigerant coming out of the all-way throttle valve 7 and flows to the all-way throttle valve 8, the all-way throttle valve 8 is opened and is not throttled at the moment, the back refrigerant passes through a high-pressure channel of the heat regenerator and enters the heat exchanger 10 outside the vehicle to be evaporated, then passes through a cd channel of the four-way reversing valve and enters the liquid accumulator, and then returns to an air suction cavity of the compressor through a low-pressure channel of the heat regenerator to complete a complete cycle.
When the ambient temperature is lower than 15 ℃, in the battery cooling function in the heating mode, the PID controller 11 controls the exhaust pressure of the air conditioning system, the input quantity of the controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity is the opening degree of the two-way throttle valve 13, and the target value is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air conditioning system. The PID controller 12 controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant in the battery pack circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant in the battery pack circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the all-pass throttle valve 7, and the target value is a dryness set value. The PID controller 13 controls the air supply temperature of the vehicle cabin, and the input amount is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output amount is the rotation speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature. The PID controller 14 controls the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the refrigerant, and the output quantity is the opening value of the two-way throttle valve 5. The target value is a superheat setting value of the refrigerant. The fuzzy controller controls the temperature of the battery, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the all-pass throttle valve 6, and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery.
After being compressed to a high-temperature and high-pressure state by a compressor, the refrigerant flows to the auxiliary heat exchanger 2, exchanges heat with the air supply of a carriage, flows to the all-way throttle valve 13 through a ba channel of the four-way reversing valve 5, is throttled by the all-way throttle valve 13 for one time, is divided into two paths, flows to the two-way throttle valve 6 for secondary throttling, flows to the battery pack for exchanging heat with the battery, cools the battery, and is throttled for three times through the all-way throttle valve 7; the other path of the refrigerant enters the main heat exchanger 3, passes through the bidirectional throttle valve 5 after exchanging heat with the air supplied by the carriage, is throttled for the second time, is mixed with the refrigerant passing through the bidirectional throttle valve 7, passes through the all-pass throttle valve 8, at the moment, the all-pass throttle valve 8 is all-pass and is not throttled, then passes through the high-pressure channel of the heat regenerator, enters the heat exchanger outside the carriage for evaporation and heat exchange, then passes through the cd channel of the four-way reversing valve, enters the reservoir, and returns to the air suction cavity of the compressor from the outlet of the reservoir through the low-pressure channel of the heat regenerator to complete a cycle.
When the ambient temperature is lower than 15 ℃, in the battery heating function in the heating mode, the PID controller 11 controls the exhaust pressure of the air conditioning system, the input quantity of the controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity is the opening degree of the two-way throttle valve 13, and the target value is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air conditioning system. The PID controller 12 controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant in the battery pack circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant in the battery pack circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the all-pass throttle valve 7, and the target value is a dryness set value. The PID controller 13 controls the air supply temperature of the vehicle cabin, and the input amount is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output amount is the rotation speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature. The PID controller 14 controls the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the refrigerant, and the output quantity is the opening value of the two-way throttle valve 5. The target value is a superheat setting value of the refrigerant. The fuzzy controller controls the temperature of the battery, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the all-pass throttle valve 6, and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery.
After being compressed to a high-temperature and high-pressure state by a compressor, the refrigerant flows to the auxiliary heat exchanger 2, exchanges heat with the air supply of a carriage, flows to the all-pass throttling valve 13 through a ba channel of the four-way reversing valve 5, is all-passed through without throttling by the all-pass throttling valve 13, is divided into two paths, namely, one path of flow bidirectional throttling valve 6 performs primary throttling, flows to a battery pack to exchange heat with the battery, heats the battery, and is secondarily throttled through the all-pass throttling valve 7; the other path of the refrigerant enters the main heat exchanger 3, passes through the bidirectional throttle valve 5 after exchanging heat with the air supplied by the carriage, is throttled once, is mixed with the refrigerant passing through the bidirectional throttle valve 7, passes through the all-pass throttle valve 8, at the moment, the all-pass throttle valve 8 is all-pass and is not throttled, then passes through the high-pressure channel of the heat regenerator, enters the heat exchanger outside the carriage for evaporation and heat exchange, then enters the reservoir through the cd channel of the four-way reversing valve, and returns to the air suction cavity of the compressor from the outlet of the reservoir through the low-pressure channel of the heat regenerator to complete a cycle.
Example 3
The all-pass throttle valve in the transcritical CO2 new energy automobile thermal management system is a valve element which is in bidirectional all-pass and can be throttled in bidirectional. Under the battery cooling function in the air-conditioning refrigeration mode, the bypass valve 4 is opened, the auxiliary heat exchanger 2 is bypassed, the all- pass throttle valves 6, 7 and 8 are throttled, the bidirectional throttle valve 5 is throttled, and the all-pass throttle valve 13 is fully opened. The end b and the end c of the four-way reversing valve 5 are communicated, and the end a and the end d are communicated. Under the battery cooling function in the air-conditioning heating mode, the bypass valve 4 is closed, the auxiliary heat exchanger 2 is connected into the system, the full-through throttle valves 6 and 7 are throttled, the bidirectional throttle valve 5 is throttled, and the full-through throttle valves 8 and 13 are fully opened. The end b and the end a of the four-way reversing valve 5 are communicated, and the end c and the end d are communicated. Under the battery cooling function under the dehumidification mode of air conditioner, bypass valve 4 closes, and auxiliary heat exchanger 2 inserts the system, and full through throttle valve 6, 7 and 13 throttle, two-way throttle valve 5 throttle, and full through throttle valve 8 is all-through. The end b and the end a of the four-way reversing valve 5 are communicated, and the end c and the end d are communicated. Under the battery heating function of the air conditioner heating mode, the bypass valve 4 is closed, the auxiliary heat exchanger 2 is connected into the system, the full-through throttle valves 6, 7 and 13 are used for throttling, the bidirectional throttle valve 5 is used for throttling, and the full-through throttle valve 8 is used for full-through. The end b and the end a of the four-way reversing valve 5 are communicated, and the end c and the end d are communicated.
Example 4
The invention discloses a control method of a transcritical CO2 new energy automobile thermal management system, which comprises the following PID control logic:
the battery temperature control of the battery circuit is divided into fuzzy range control and accurate temperature control.
The fuzzy range control is performed by firstly setting the standard set temperature T of the batterysetIn one range, the optimum operating temperature range for lithium batteries is 10-35 ℃.
Under the battery cooling function in the air-conditioning refrigeration mode, after the vehicle is started, the temperature of the battery rises, and when the temperature of the battery is lower than 35 ℃, the full-through throttle valves 6 and 7 are completely closed, namely the battery cooling function is closed, and the thermal management system only has the air-conditioning function. At this time, the PID controllers 11 and 14 are activated to start the target control, and the PID controllers 12 and 13 are deactivated and not operated. When the temperature of the battery rises to be higher than 35 ℃, the full-through throttle valves 6 and 7 start to work, at the moment, the battery cooling function is started, the air conditioning system and the battery temperature adjusting function in the thermal management system are started simultaneously, and the 4 PID controllers work simultaneously to adjust system parameters. The output of the fuzzy controller full-through throttle valve 7 is given an initial opening x0When the system reaches steady state again, if the battery temperature is reducedKeeping the state to operate when the temperature is lower than 35 ℃; if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, the temperature of the battery in a new steady state is input into the fuzzy step controller as an input quantity, at the moment, the fuzzy step controller gives an output signal, so that the opening degree of the output quantity all-pass throttle valve 6 is reduced by delta x, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, the state operation is kept, if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, the control steps are repeated until the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃ in steady state operation, then the opening degree of the all-pass throttle valve 7 is kept unchanged, and the fuzzy step controller does not act any more.
When the battery cooling function is performed in the air-conditioning heating mode, when the battery temperature is lower than 35 ℃, the battery temperature control function is not started, the all- pass throttle valves 6 and 7 are closed, the PID controller 12 is closed, and the fuzzy step controller is not started. When the battery temperature is controlled to be higher than 35 ℃, the full-through throttle valves 6 and 7 are opened, the PID controller 12 is started, the fuzzy step controller is started, and an initial value x of the full-through throttle valve 6 is given0After the system operates stably, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, the battery is kept to operate in the state; if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, the temperature of the battery in a new steady state is input into the fuzzy step controller as an input quantity, at the moment, the fuzzy step controller gives an output signal, so that the opening degree of the output full-through throttle valve 6 is reduced by delta x, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, the state operation is kept, if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, the control steps are repeated until the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃ in steady state operation, then the opening degree of the full-through throttle valve 6 is kept unchanged, and the fuzzy step controller does not act any more.
In the battery cooling mode in the dehumidification mode, when the temperature of the battery is lower than 35 ℃, the all- pass throttle valves 6 and 7 are closed, the PID controller 12 and the fuzzy step controller are closed, and the system only has an air conditioning function. When the temperature of the battery rises to be higher than 35 ℃, the all- pass throttle valves 6 and 7 are opened, the PID controller 12 and the fuzzy step controller are started, and the battery temperature is regulated according to the regulation principle. In the battery heating function in the heating mode, when the temperature of the battery is lower than 10 ℃, the all- pass throttle valves 6 and 7 are opened, the battery thermal management function is opened, the 3 PID controllers and the fuzzy step controller are started to work simultaneously, the temperature of the battery is regulated, and the regulation principle is as above. And after the system stably operates and the temperature of the battery rises to be higher than 10 ℃, the opening degree of the all-pass throttle valve 6 is kept unchanged, and the fuzzy step controller does not act any more.
When the battery heating function is performed in the air-conditioning heating mode, when the battery temperature is higher than 10 ℃, the battery temperature control function is not started, the all- pass throttle valves 6 and 7 are closed, the PID controller 12 is closed, and the fuzzy step controller is not started. When the battery temperature is controlled to be lower than 10 ℃, the full-through throttle valves 6 and 7 are opened, the PID controller 12 is started, the fuzzy step controller is started, and an initial value x of the full-through throttle valve 6 is given0After the system operates stably, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be higher than 10 ℃, the battery is kept to operate in the state; if the temperature of the battery is still lower than 10 ℃, the temperature of the battery in a new steady state is input into the fuzzy step controller as an input quantity, the fuzzy step controller gives an output signal at the moment, so that the opening degree of the output all-pass throttle valve 6 is increased by delta x, if the temperature of the battery is increased to be lower than 10 ℃, the state operation is kept, if the temperature of the battery is still lower than 10 ℃, the control steps are repeated until the temperature of the battery is increased to be lower than 10 ℃ in steady state operation, then the opening degree of the all-pass throttle valve 6 is kept unchanged, and the fuzzy step controller does not act any more.
Accurate temperature control as the standard set temperature T of the batterysetFor a certain constant value, 25 ℃ was set. When the compressor is started and the air conditioning system is started, the battery thermal management system is synchronously started to control the temperature of the battery until the temperature of the battery is stabilized at 25 ℃, and the battery temperature is always controlled to be unchanged at 25 ℃ along with the changes of external working conditions such as environmental working conditions, vehicle speed and the like. Under four functions, all PID controllers and fuzzy saving controllers start to work at the same time.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (10)

1. A thermal management system of a trans-critical carbon dioxide new energy automobile is characterized by comprising an air conditioning system, a battery thermal management system and a control system;
the air conditioning system includes: a compressor (1); an exhaust port of the compressor (1) is divided into two paths, one path is connected with an inlet of the auxiliary heat exchanger (2), the other path is connected with an inlet of the bypass valve (4), an outlet of the auxiliary heat exchanger (2) is also divided into two paths, one path is connected with an outlet of the bypass valve (4), the other path is connected with a port b of the four-way reversing valve (5), a port a of the four-way reversing valve (5) is connected with an inlet of the first all-way throttle valve (13), a port c is connected with an outlet of the heat exchanger (10) outside the vehicle, and a port d is connected with an inlet of the liquid storage device; the outlet of the first full-through throttle valve (13) is connected with the inlet of the main heat exchanger (3), the outlet of the main heat exchanger (3) is connected with the inlet of the second full-through throttle valve (8) through the first bidirectional throttle valve (5), the outlet of the second full-through throttle valve (8) is connected with the inlet of the high-pressure end of the heat regenerator (9), the outlet of the high-pressure end of the heat regenerator (9) is connected with the inlet of the heat exchanger (10) outside the vehicle, the outlet of the liquid accumulator (20) is connected with the inlet of the low-pressure end of the heat regenerator (9), and the outlet of the low-pressure end is connected with the air suction port of the compressor (1);
the battery thermal management system comprises: the battery pack (12), the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third full-through throttle valve (7); the outlet of the first full-through throttle valve (13) is also connected with the inlet of the second bidirectional throttle valve (6); the outlet of the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) is connected with a battery pack (12), and the outlet of the battery pack (12) is connected with the inlet of a third full-through throttle valve (7); the outlet of the third full-through throttle valve (7) is converged with the outlet of the first bidirectional throttle valve (5) and connected with the inlet of the second full-through throttle valve (8);
and the control system is used for controlling the battery pack to be cooled in a refrigeration mode of the air conditioning system, the battery pack to be cooled in a heating mode of the air conditioning system, and the battery pack to be cooled in a dehumidification mode of the air conditioning system or the battery pack to be heated in the heating mode of the air conditioning system.
2. A thermal management method for a transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile is used for performing thermal management on the thermal management system of the transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile in claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
the mode of the air conditioning system is selected by a button, and the heating or cooling state of the battery is automatically controlled by the control system.
3. The thermal management method for the trans-critical carbon dioxide new energy automobile according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the ambient temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the air conditioning system is in a refrigeration mode, and the control system controls the battery pack to be in a cooled state;
the environment temperature is 5-20 ℃, the relative humidity of the environment is greater than a set threshold value, the air conditioning system is in a dehumidification mode, and the control system controls the battery pack to be in a cooled state;
when the ambient temperature is less than 15 ℃, and the relative humidity of the environment is less than a set threshold value, the air conditioning system is in a heating mode, the control system controls the battery pack to be in a heated state initially, the temperature of the battery pack gradually rises after the vehicle is started, and when the temperature is higher than the set range, the control system controls the battery pack to be in a cooled state.
4. The thermal management method for the transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile as claimed in claim 2, wherein the real-time temperature of the battery collected by the battery pack temperature measuring point is TbatteryAnd the standard set temperature of the battery is TsetWhen T isbattery＜TsetWhen the battery pack is heated, the control system starts the control of the heating function of the battery pack; when T isbattery＞TsetWhen the battery pack is cooled, the control system starts the control of the cooling function of the battery pack; the temperature control of the battery pack adopts fuzzy step control.
5. The thermal management method for the transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile is characterized in that the control system consists of 4 PID controls and one fuzzy step control; there are 4 target values for the PID controller, which are: COP of the air conditioning system, outlet dryness of the battery pack path refrigerant, superheat of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device and air supply temperature of the carriage;
the target value of the fuzzy step control is the temperature of the battery; the battery temperature control is divided into two modes, namely accurate temperature control and fuzzy range control; the target value of the accurate temperature control of the battery temperature is 25 ℃, and the target range of the fuzzy range control is 10-35 ℃;
the outlet dryness target value of the refrigerant of the battery circuit is 0.9;
the superheat target value of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device is 0 ℃;
the target value of the compartment temperature in the cooling mode is 10 ℃ and the target value of the compartment temperature in the heating mode is 40 ℃.
6. The thermal management method for the trans-critical carbon dioxide new energy automobile is characterized in that the temperature control of the battery is realized by adjusting the evaporation temperature of a refrigerant in a battery circuit; the standard set value of the evaporation temperature of the battery branch is 8-12 ℃:
the real-time temperature collected by the evaporation temperature measuring point of the battery branch is Tbat_evaThe standard set value range of the evaporation temperature of the battery branch is Teva_setWhen T isbat_eva∈Teva_setMeanwhile, the COP value of the air conditioning system is controlled by the exhaust pressure;
optimum exhaust pressure value P of air conditioning systemoptAnd ambient temperature TevnHeating power P of batterybatIn relation, the function relationship of the target value of the exhaust pressure for the optimum exhaust pressure control is:
Popt＝f(Tenv，Pbat)
when T isbat_eva＞Teva_setAt the maximum value of (3), the COP value of the air conditioning system is controlled by the suction pressure.
7. The thermal management method for the transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile according to claim 6, wherein T is the time Tbat_eva∈Teva_setThe method comprises the following steps:
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a refrigeration mode, the first PID controller controls the exhaust pressure of the air conditioning system, the input quantity of the first PID controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity of the first PID controller is the opening of the second all-pass throttle valve (8), and the target value is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air conditioning system; the second PID controller controls the air supply temperature of the carriage, the input quantity is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output quantity is the rotating speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature; the third PID controller controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant of the battery circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant of the battery circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the second full-through throttle valve (6), and the target value is a dryness set value; the fourth PID controller controls the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the refrigerant, the output quantity is the opening value of the first bidirectional throttle valve (5), and the target value is the set value of the superheat degree of the refrigerant; the fuzzy step controller controls the temperature of the battery, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the third all-pass throttle valve (7), and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery;
when the control system controls the air-conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a heating mode, the first PID controller controls the exhaust pressure of the air-conditioning system, the input quantity of the controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity is the opening of the first bidirectional throttle valve (13), and the target value is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air-conditioning system; the second PID controller controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the third full-through throttle valve (7), and the target value is a dryness set value; the third PID controller controls the air supply temperature of the carriage, the input quantity is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output quantity is the rotating speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature; the fourth PID controller controls the superheat degree of the outlet of the evaporator, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the outlet of the evaporator, the output quantity is the opening degree of the first bidirectional throttle valve (5), and the target value is a superheat degree set value; the fuzzy step controller controls the temperature of the battery, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the second bidirectional throttle valve (6), and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a dehumidification mode, the first PID controller controls the exhaust pressure of the air conditioning system, the input quantity of the controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity of the controller is the opening of the first bidirectional throttle valve (13), and the target value is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air conditioning system; the second PID controller controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the third full-through throttle valve (7), and the target value is a dryness set value; the third PID controller controls the air supply temperature of the carriage, the input quantity is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output quantity is the rotating speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature; the fourth PID controller controls the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the refrigerant, the output quantity is the opening value of the first bidirectional throttle valve (5), and the target value is the set value of the superheat degree of the refrigerant; the fuzzy saving controller controls the temperature of the battery pack, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the second bidirectional throttle valve (6), and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery;
when the control system controls the air-conditioning system to heat the battery pack in a heating mode, the first PID controller controls the exhaust pressure of the air-conditioning system, the input quantity of the controller is a real-time value of the exhaust pressure, the output quantity of the controller is the opening of the first bidirectional throttle valve (5), and the target value of the output quantity of the controller is the optimal exhaust pressure value of the air-conditioning system; the second PID controller controls the outlet dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the input quantity is the real-time dryness of the refrigerant of the battery pack circuit, the output quantity is the opening degree of the third full-through throttle valve (7), and the target value is a dryness set value; the third PID controller controls the air supply temperature of the carriage, the input quantity is a real-time value of the air supply temperature, the output quantity is the rotating speed of the compressor, and the target value is a set value of the air supply temperature; the fourth PID controller controls the superheat degree of the refrigerant at the inlet of the liquid storage device, the input quantity is the real-time superheat degree of the refrigerant, the output quantity is the opening value of the first bidirectional throttle valve (5), and the target value is the set value of the superheat degree of the refrigerant; the fuzzy controller controls the temperature of the battery, the input quantity is the real-time temperature of the battery, the output quantity is the opening value of the second bidirectional throttle valve (6), and the target value is the temperature set value of the battery.
8. The thermal management method for the trans-critical carbon dioxide new energy automobile is characterized in that the first full-through throttle valve, the second full-through throttle valve and the third full-through throttle valve are all valve elements which are in bidirectional full-through and can perform bidirectional throttling;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a refrigeration mode, the bypass valve (4) is opened, the auxiliary heat exchanger (2) is bypassed, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6), the third full-through throttle valve (7) and the second full-through throttle valve (8) are throttled, the first bidirectional throttle valve (5) is throttled, and the first full-through throttle valve (13) is fully opened; the end b and the end c of the four-way reversing valve (5) are communicated, and the end a and the end d are communicated;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a heating mode, the bypass valve (4) is closed, the auxiliary heat exchanger (2) is connected into the system, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third full-through throttle valve (7) are throttled, the first bidirectional throttle valve (5) is throttled, and the second full-through throttle valve (8) and the first full-through throttle valve (13) are fully communicated; the end b and the end a of the four-way reversing valve (5) are communicated, and the end c and the end d are communicated;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a dehumidification mode, the bypass valve (4) is closed, the auxiliary heat exchanger (2) is connected into the system, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6), the third full-through throttle valve (7) and the first full-through throttle valve (13) are throttled, the first bidirectional throttle valve (5) is throttled, and the second full-through throttle valve (8) is fully opened; the end b and the end a of the four-way reversing valve (5) are communicated, and the end c and the end d are communicated;
when the control system controls the air-conditioning system to heat the battery pack in a heating mode, the bypass valve (4) is closed, the auxiliary heat exchanger (2) is connected to the system, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6), the third full-through throttle valve (7) and the first full-through throttle valve (13) are throttled, the first bidirectional throttle valve (5) is throttled, and the second full-through throttle valve (8) is fully opened; the end b and the end a of the four-way reversing valve (5) are communicated, and the end c and the end d are communicated.
9. The thermal management method for the transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile is characterized in that the PID control method comprises the following steps:
the battery temperature control of the battery circuit comprises fuzzy range control and accurate temperature control;
the contents of the fuzzy range control are as follows: first, the standard set temperature T of the lithium batterysetIs a range: 10-35 ℃;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a refrigeration mode, after the vehicle is started, the temperature of the battery rises, and when the temperature of the battery is lower than 35 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third all-pass throttle valve (7) are completely closed, the cooling function of the battery is closed, and the thermal management system only has the air conditioning function; at the moment, the first PID controller and the fourth PID controller are started to carry out target control, and the second PID controller and the third PID controller are closed and do not work; when the temperature of the battery rises to be higher than 35 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third full-through throttle valve (7) start to work, at the moment, the battery cooling function is started, the air conditioning system and the battery temperature adjusting function in the thermal management system are simultaneously started, and 4 PID controllers simultaneously work to adjust system parameters; the output of the fuzzy controller sets a third full-through throttle valve (7) with an initial opening x0When the system reaches the steady state again, if the battery temperature is reduced to below 35 ℃, the state is kept to operate; if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, inputting the battery temperature in a new steady state into a fuzzy step controller as an input quantity, wherein the fuzzy step controller gives an output signal to reduce the opening of the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) to be output by delta x, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, keeping the state to operate, if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, repeating the control steps until the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃ in steady state operation, then keeping the opening of the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) unchanged, and stopping the fuzzy step controller from operating;
when the control system controls the battery pack to be cooled in the heating mode of the air conditioning system, when the battery temperature is lower than 35 ℃, the battery temperature control function is not started, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third full-through throttle valve (7) are closed, the second PID controller is closed, and the fuzzy step controller is not started; when the temperature of the battery is controlled to be higher than 35 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third full-through throttle valve (7) are opened, the second PID controller is started, and fuzzy step control is carried outThe device is started, and an initial value x is given to the second bidirectional throttle valve (6)0After the system operates stably, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, the battery is kept to operate in the state; if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, inputting the battery temperature in a new steady state into a fuzzy step controller as an input quantity, wherein the fuzzy step controller gives an output signal to reduce the opening of the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) to be output by delta x, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, keeping the state to operate, if the temperature of the battery is still higher than 35 ℃, repeating the control steps until the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃ in steady state operation, then keeping the opening of the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) unchanged, and stopping the fuzzy step controller from operating;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to cool the battery pack in a dehumidification mode, when the temperature of the battery is lower than 35 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third full-through throttle valve (7) are closed, the second PID controller (2) and the fuzzy step controller are closed, and the system only has an air conditioning function; when the temperature of the battery rises to above 35 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third full-through throttle valve (7) are opened, and the second PID controller and the fuzzy step controller are started to start battery temperature regulation; in the battery heating function in the heating mode, when the temperature of the battery is lower than 10 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third all-pass throttle valve (7) are opened, the battery thermal management function is opened, and the first PID controller, the third PID controller, the fourth PID controller and the fuzzy step controller are started to work at the same time to start to regulate the temperature of the battery; after the system stably operates and the temperature of the battery rises to be above 10 ℃, the opening degree of the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) is kept unchanged, and the fuzzy step controller does not act any more;
when the control system controls the air conditioning system to heat the battery pack in a heating mode, and the battery temperature is higher than 10 ℃, the battery temperature control function is not started, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third full-through throttle valve (7) are closed, the second PID controller is closed, and the fuzzy step controller is not started; when the temperature of the battery is controlled to be lower than 10 ℃, the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) and the third full-through throttle valve (7) are opened, the second PID controller is started, the fuzzy step controller is started, and the second bidirectional throttle valve (6) is given oneAn initial value x0After the system operates stably, if the temperature of the battery is reduced to be lower than 35 ℃, the battery is kept to operate in the state; if the temperature of the battery is still lower than 10 ℃, the temperature of the battery in a new steady state is input into the fuzzy step controller as an input quantity, the fuzzy step controller gives an output signal, the opening of the second bidirectional throttling valve (6) is reduced by delta x, the battery temperature is kept running in the state if the temperature of the battery is increased to 10 ℃, the control steps are repeated if the temperature of the battery is still lower than 10 ℃, until the temperature of the battery is increased to more than 10 ℃ in steady state running, then the opening of the second bidirectional throttling valve (6) is kept unchanged, and the fuzzy step controller does not act any more.
10. The thermal management method for the transcritical carbon dioxide new energy automobile according to claim 9, wherein the standard set temperature T of the battery is set during accurate temperature controlsetSetting the temperature to be 25 ℃;
when the compressor is started and the air conditioning system is started, the battery thermal management system and the control system are synchronously started to control the temperature of the battery until the temperature of the battery is stabilized at 25 ℃.
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