CN113146013A - Welding method for vacuum electron beam seal welding of magnetic titanium steel composite blank - Google Patents
Welding method for vacuum electron beam seal welding of magnetic titanium steel composite blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN113146013A CN113146013A CN202110522690.7A CN202110522690A CN113146013A CN 113146013 A CN113146013 A CN 113146013A CN 202110522690 A CN202110522690 A CN 202110522690A CN 113146013 A CN113146013 A CN 113146013A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
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Abstract
The invention discloses a welding device, which comprises: the invention also discloses a welding method for sealing and welding the magnetic titanium steel composite blank, which comprises the steps of utilizing the electricity control unit to enable the electric field component to generate an electric field, and applying an electric field force to the electron beam by the electric field when the electron beam passes through the electric field when the electron beam welding gun emits the electron beam, so that the magnetic field force applied to the electron beam by the titanium steel composite blank is weakened. When the seal welding is carried out on the titanium steel composite blank subjected to magnetic pollution, the method overcomes the defects of drifting, welding missing, low fusion depth and the like of a seal welding joint, improves the precision and large fusion depth of electron beam welding, ensures the stability and continuity of the seal welding, and further improves the reliability of rolling and compounding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material processing, particularly relates to a welding device, and particularly relates to a method for welding a magnetic titanium steel composite blank with a vacuum electron beam seal welding belt.
Background
The titanium steel composite board has excellent corrosion resistance of the titanium composite layer, has the strength and plasticity of the base layer structural steel, and has greatly reduced economic cost compared with the titanium board, thereby becoming an ideal material for manufacturing corrosion-resistant environmental equipment. As a basis for producing titanium steel composite boards, the preparation of composite blanks in the titanium steel composite boards is widely concerned by people. At present, the common assembly mode is to place a titanium plate in a hollow composite blank consisting of two carbon steel plates and a steel frame with a certain thickness, and then seal-weld the blank by adopting a vacuum electron beam welding technology. Among them, the electron beam welding technique is very much influenced by the magnetic field because it uses high-speed electrons to bombard the target material to realize welding. And the titanium steel composite blank inevitably suffers from magnetic pollution and has magnetism in industrial mass production. When vacuum sealing welding is carried out under the condition, the problems of electron beam drift, welding seam deflection, welding leakage, low fusion depth and the like are easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is based on the discovery and recognition by the inventors of the following facts and problems: in industrial mass production, titanium steel composite blanks are often subjected to magnetic contamination, resulting in titanium steel composite blanks with magnetic properties that are detrimental to electron beam welding. When vacuum sealing welding is carried out under the condition, the problems of electron beam drift, welding seam deflection, welding leakage, low fusion depth and the like are easy to occur.
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a welding method for sealing and welding a magnetic titanium steel composite blank by using a vacuum electron beam. By adopting the method, the titanium steel composite blank with the magnetic field intensity below 100GS can be subjected to vacuum electron beam sealing welding, and the continuity, the stability and the effective penetration of a sealing welding joint can be realized.
The welding device according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components: the electron beam welding gun is arranged on the mounting component and is matched with the electric field component so as to control the electric quantity of the electric charge of the electric field component, and the electron beam welding gun is arranged on the mounting component and is matched with the electric field component so as to enable the electron beam emitted by the electron beam welding gun to pass through the electric field generated by the electric field component.
According to the advantages and the technical effects brought by the welding device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the titanium steel composite blank is subjected to magnetic pollution in the processes of raw material processing and hoisting, the magnetic field distribution after assembly is very uneven, the magnetic field distribution is particularly concentrated at the corner of the composite blank, and the strength is between 10GS and 100 GS. If the electron beam sealing welding is directly carried out, the electron beam deflects towards the corner direction of the composite blank, so that the problems of welding seam drifting, low melting depth, sealing welding failure and the like are caused. In order to meet the requirement of effective seal welding penetration depth of more than 30mm, heat treatment is often carried out again to reduce the magnetic field intensity to be less than 10GS, and then normal electron beam welding can be carried out, so that the production efficiency is seriously reduced, the production cost is greatly improved, and even rolling composite failure is caused. By adopting the welding device, electric field force can be applied to the electron beam through the electric field during welding, and the deflection force generated by the electron beam under the influence of the magnetic field is weakened, so that the influence of magnetic pollution of the titanium steel composite blank on the welding effect of the electron beam is eliminated.
The welding apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the mounting assembly includes a baffle plate on which the electron beam welding gun is provided, an upper insulator and a lower insulator provided on the baffle plate at an interval in an up-down direction, the electric field assembly includes an upper metal plate provided on the upper insulator and a lower metal plate provided on the lower insulator, wherein the electric control unit cooperates with each of the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate so as to control an amount of electric charge of each of the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate.
According to the welding device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the baffle plate is vertically arranged, the baffle plate is provided with the mounting hole which penetrates along the length direction of the metal plate, the emission port of the electron beam welding gun faces the direction close to the metal plate and extends into the mounting hole along the length direction of the metal plate, and the emission port of the electron beam welding gun is matched in the mounting hole.
According to the welding device of the embodiment of the invention, the upper insulating member comprises an upper horizontal portion and an upper vertical portion, the upper horizontal portion is connected with the baffle plate, the upper end portion of the upper vertical portion is connected with the upper horizontal portion, the upper metal plate is connected with the lower end portion of the upper vertical portion, the lower insulating member comprises a lower horizontal portion and a lower vertical portion, the lower horizontal portion is connected with the baffle plate, the lower end portion of the lower vertical portion is connected with the lower horizontal portion, and the lower metal plate is connected with the upper end portion of the lower vertical portion.
According to the welding device of the embodiment of the invention, the width of each of the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate is 80mm-100mm, and the difference between the electron beam focal length f of the vacuum electron beam welding gun and the length l of the metal plate is 5mm-10 mm.
According to the welding apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, each of the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate is horizontally disposed, the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate are disposed to face each other in the up-down direction, and the distance between the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate in the up-down direction is 20mm to 30 mm.
According to the welding apparatus of the embodiment of the invention, the electron beam welding gun is provided apart from the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate in the longitudinal direction of the upper metal plate, and the distance between the emission port of the electron beam welding gun and the upper metal plate in the up-down direction is equal to the distance between the emission port of the electron beam welding gun and the lower metal plate in the up-down direction.
According to the welding apparatus of the embodiment of the invention, the upper metal plate has the first end surface and the second end surface which are opposite in the width direction thereof, the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun and the first end surface in the width direction of the upper metal plate is equal to the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun and the second end surface in the width direction of the upper metal plate, the lower metal plate has the third end surface and the fourth end surface which are opposite in the width direction thereof, and the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun and the third end surface in the width direction of the upper metal plate is equal to the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun and the fourth end surface in the width direction of the upper metal plate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a welding method performed on a titanium steel composite blank by using a welding apparatus of an embodiment includes:
the electric field assembly generates an electric field by using the electric control unit, and the electric field is a restrained electric field;
causing an electron beam welding gun to emit an electron beam, wherein the electron beam passes through the electric field, and the electric field exerts an electric field force on the electron beam so as to weaken a deflection force, which is applied to the electron beam by the titanium steel composite blank and is perpendicular to a welding direction; and welding the lower steel plate and the steel frame by using the electron beams passing through the electric field, and welding the upper steel plate and the steel frame by using the electron beams passing through the electric field, wherein the steps are all performed in a vacuum chamber.
According to the advantages and the technical effects brought by the welding method of the titanium steel composite blank, when the welding device is adopted, the upper layer metal plate and the lower layer metal plate are simultaneously negatively charged in equal quantity to form a restraining electric field, and when an electron beam passing through the two metal plates is deflected, the electron beam is subjected to a repulsive force in the up-and-down direction, so that the electron beam is restrained at the center position of the electron beam. When an upper layer welding seam is welded, the welding electron beam deflects upwards under the action of the magnetic field of the composite blank, at the moment, the electric field applies downward electric field force to the electron beam, and the electric field force is opposite to the magnetic field force in direction, so that the welding electron beam is restrained at the central position; when a lower layer of welding seam is welded, the welding electron beam is deflected downwards under the action of the magnetic field of the composite blank, at the moment, an electric field applies an upward electric field force to the electron beam, the direction of the electric field force is opposite to that of the magnetic field force, and the welding electron beam is restrained at the central position to seal and weld the composite blank. Therefore, under the condition of magnetic field intensity of 10GS-100GS, the welding precision of the electron beam is improved, the sealing and welding quality of the titanium steel composite blank is ensured, and a continuous, uniform and large-fusion-depth sealing and welding joint is formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a welding apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the influence of magnetic contamination of the electron beam at the midpoint of the lower layer weld of the front surface of the titanium steel composite blank when the electric control unit 3 is not activated;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the influence of the magnetic contamination of the lower layer weld of the front surface of the titanium steel composite blank to the left end point by 100mm when the electric control unit 3 is not started;
reference numerals:
mounting the assembly 1; a baffle plate 11; an upper insulator 12; an upper horizontal portion 121; an upper vertical portion 122; a lower insulator 13; the lower horizontal portion 131; a lower vertical portion 132; a mounting hole 14;
an electric field assembly 2; an upper metal plate 21; a lower metal plate 22;
an electricity control unit 3; an electron beam welding gun 4; an electron beam 41; an upper steel plate 5; a lower steel plate 6; and a steel frame 7.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a welding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a mounting assembly 1, an electric field assembly 2, an electric control unit 3, and an electron beam welding gun 4. The electric field component 2 is arranged on the installation component 1, and the electric control unit 3 is matched with the electric field component 2 so as to control the electric quantity of the electric charge carried by the electric field component 2. An electron beam welding gun 4 is provided on the mounting assembly 1, the electron beam welding gun 4 cooperating with the electric field assembly 2 such that an electron beam emitted by the electron beam welding gun 4 passes through an electric field generated by the electric field assembly 2.
The welding device provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for welding the steel plate and the steel frame of the titanium steel composite blank. The titanium steel composite blank is subjected to magnetic pollution in the processes of raw material processing and hoisting, the magnetic field distribution after the blank assembly is very uneven, the magnetic field is mainly concentrated at the corner of the titanium steel composite blank, and the strength is between 10GS and 100 GS. As shown in fig. 2, the electron beam 41 is deviated when the electron beam sealing is performed at the midpoint of the lower layer bead on the front surface of the titanium steel composite blank, and as shown in fig. 3, the electron beam 41 is deviated to a greater extent when the electron beam sealing is performed at the apex of the left side of the lower layer bead on the front surface of the titanium steel composite blank. Therefore, if the steel plate and the steel frame are directly subjected to electron beam sealing welding, the electron beam 41 can seriously deflect towards the corner direction of the titanium steel composite blank due to more serious magnetic pollution of the corner part of the titanium steel composite blank, so that the problems of welding seam drift, low melting depth, sealing welding failure and the like are caused.
In order to meet the requirement of effective seal welding penetration depth of more than 30mm, the titanium steel composite blank is often subjected to heat treatment again to reduce the magnetic field intensity of the titanium steel composite blank to be below 10GS, and then normal electron beam welding can be carried out, so that the production efficiency is seriously reduced, the production cost is greatly improved, and even rolling composite failure is caused.
According to the welding device of the embodiment of the invention, the electric field component 2 is arranged, so that the electric field force can be applied to the electron beam 41 emitted by the electron beam welding gun 4 by the electric field component 2. By controlling the amount of electric charge of the electric field assembly 2 by the electric control unit 3, the electric field force applied by the electric field assembly 2 to the electron beam 41 emitted by the electron beam welding gun 4 can be controlled.
In the embodiment of the invention, the welding device of the embodiment of the invention is used for welding the steel plate and the steel frame of the titanium steel composite blank, so that the condition that electron beams deflect towards the corner direction of the titanium steel composite blank can be weakened, and the problems of welding seam drift, low fusion depth, sealing failure and the like are further eliminated.
As shown in fig. 1, the mounting assembly 1 includes a barrier 11, an upper insulator 12, and a lower insulator 13. The electron beam welding gun 4 is provided on the baffle plate 11, and an upper insulator 12 and a lower insulator 13 are provided on the baffle plate 11 at a distance in the up-down direction. The field assembly 2 comprises an upper metal plate 21 and a lower metal plate 22, the upper metal plate 21 being provided on the upper insulator 12 and the lower metal plate 22 being provided on the lower insulator 13. Wherein the electricity control unit 3 cooperates with each of the upper metal plate 21 and the lower metal plate 22 so as to control the amount of electric charge charged in each of the upper metal plate 21 and the lower metal plate 22. Therefore, the structure of the welding device can be more reasonable.
In the embodiment of the invention, the upper layer metal plate and the lower layer metal plate are simultaneously negatively charged in equal amount to form a restraining electric field, and when an electron beam passing through the two metal plates is deflected, the electron beam is subjected to repulsive force in the up-and-down direction, so that the electron beam is restrained at the center position of the electron beam. When an upper layer welding seam is welded, under the action of a magnetic field of the composite blank, a welding electron beam deflects upwards, at the moment, an electric field applies a downward electric field force to the electron beam, and the electric field force is opposite to the magnetic field force in direction, so that the welding electron beam is restrained at the central position; when a lower layer of welding seam is welded, the welding electron beam is deflected downwards under the action of the magnetic field of the composite blank, at the moment, an electric field applies an upward electric field force to the electron beam, the direction of the electric field force is opposite to that of the magnetic field force, and the welding electron beam is restrained at the central position to seal and weld the composite blank. Therefore, under the condition of magnetic field intensity of 10GS-100GS, the welding precision of the electron beam is improved, the sealing and welding quality of the titanium steel composite blank is ensured, and a continuous, uniform and large-fusion-depth sealing and welding joint is formed.
As shown in fig. 1, the baffle plate 11 is vertically disposed, the baffle plate 11 is provided with a mounting hole 14 penetrating the upper metal plate 21 in the longitudinal direction thereof, a part of the electron beam welding gun 4 is fitted in the mounting hole, and the emission port of the electron beam welding gun 4 is fitted into the mounting hole in the longitudinal direction of the metal plate in the direction close to the metal plate. Therefore, the electron beam welding gun 4 can be more stably and conveniently arranged on the baffle plate 11 and is more stably controlled and protected by an electric field.
As shown in fig. 1, the upper insulator 12 includes an upper horizontal portion 121 and an upper vertical portion 122, the upper horizontal portion 121 is connected to the barrier 11, an upper end portion of the upper vertical portion 122 is connected to the upper horizontal portion 121, the upper metal plate 21 is connected to a lower end portion of the upper vertical portion 122, the lower insulator 13 includes a lower horizontal portion 131 and a lower vertical portion 132, the lower horizontal portion 131 is connected to the barrier 11, a lower end portion of the lower vertical portion 132 is connected to the lower horizontal portion 131, and the lower metal plate 22 is connected to an upper end portion of the lower vertical portion 132. The structure of the welding device can be more reasonable.
The electronic trajectory control device according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the width of each of the upper and lower metal plates 21 and 22 is 80mm to 100mm, and the difference between the electron beam focal length f of the vacuum electron beam welding gun 4 and the length l of the metal plate is 5mm to 10 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the width of the metal plate is 80mm-100mm, and if the widths of the upper metal plate 21 and the lower metal plate 22 are too small, it is difficult to form an effective uniform electric field, and further it is difficult to effectively regulate and control the electron beam trajectory, and if the widths of the upper metal plate 21 and the lower metal plate 22 are too large, it is difficult to load stable charges, and the uniformity of the formed electric field is reduced. The difference between the focal length of the electron beam of the vacuum electron beam welding gun 4 and the length of the upper metal plate 21 is 5mm-10mm, if the focal length of the electron beam is too large, effective electron beam welding is difficult to perform, and if the focal length of the electron beam is too small, the whole moving track of the electron beam is difficult to regulate, and the welding precision of the electron beam 41 is still not high.
As shown in fig. 1, each of the upper metal plate 21 and the lower metal plate 22 is disposed horizontally, and the upper metal plate 21 and the lower metal plate 22 are disposed facing each other in the up-down direction. That is, the projection of the upper metal plate 21 on the horizontal plane and the projection of the lower metal plate 22 on the horizontal plane coincide with each other. In other words, the upper metal plate 21 and the lower metal plate 22 are horizontally arranged in the up-down direction, facing each other, meaning that if there is a parallel light beam irradiated from the top to the bottom facing the upper metal plate 21, the shadow of the upper metal plate 21 is completely overlapped with the shadow of the lower metal plate 22.
As shown in fig. 1, the distance between the upper metal plate 21 and the lower metal plate 22 in the up-down direction is 20mm to 30 mm. If the horizontal distance between the metal plates is too small, discharge is easily formed between the metal plates in the electron beam welding process, and if the horizontal distance between the metal plates is too large, the electric field intensity formed by the metal plates is too small, so that the electron beam track is difficult to be effectively regulated and controlled.
According to the welding apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the electron beam welding torch 4 is provided apart from the upper metal plate 21 and the lower metal plate 22 in the longitudinal direction of the upper metal plate 21, and the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding torch 4 and the upper metal plate 21 in the up-down direction is equal to the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding torch 4 and the lower metal plate 22 in the up-down direction.
According to the welding apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, the upper metal sheet 21 has the first end surface and the second end surface opposite in the width direction thereof, the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun 4 and the first end surface in the width direction of the upper metal sheet 21 is equal to the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun 4 and the second end surface in the width direction of the upper metal sheet 21, the lower metal sheet 22 has the third end surface and the fourth end surface opposite in the width direction thereof, and the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun 4 and the third end surface in the width direction of the lower metal sheet 22 is equal to the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun 4 and the fourth end surface in the width direction of the lower metal sheet 22.
For example, as shown in fig. 1, the width direction of the upper metal plate 21 and the width direction of the lower metal plate 22 coincide with the front-rear direction. The distance in the front-rear direction between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun 4 and the front end surface of the upper metal plate 21 is equal to the distance in the front-rear direction between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun 4 and the rear end surface of the upper metal plate 21. The distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun 4 and the front end surface of the lower metal plate 22 in the front-rear direction is equal to the distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun 4 and the rear end surface of the lower metal plate 22 in the front-rear direction.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, a welding method for a titanium steel composite blank using the welding apparatus of the embodiment includes:
the electric field component 2 generates an electric field by using the electric control unit 3, and the electric field is a restrained electric field;
enabling the electron beam welding gun 4 to emit an electron beam 41, wherein the electron beam 41 passes through an electric field, and the electric field applies an electric field force to the electron beam 41 so as to offset a deflection force applied to the electron beam 41 by the titanium steel composite blank; and
the lower steel plate 6 and the steel frame 7 are welded by the electron beam 41 subjected to the electric field, and the upper steel plate 5 and the steel frame 7 are welded by the electron beam 41 subjected to the electric field, wherein the above steps are performed in a vacuum chamber.
According to the advantages and the technical effects brought by the welding method of the titanium steel composite blank, by adopting the welding device, the upper layer metal plate and the lower layer metal plate are simultaneously negatively charged in equal quantity to form a restraining electric field, and when an electron beam passing through the two metal plates is deflected, the electron beam is subjected to a repulsive force in the up-and-down direction, so that the electron beam is restrained at the center position of the electron beam. When an upper layer welding seam is welded, the welding electron beam deflects upwards under the action of the magnetic field of the composite blank, at the moment, the electric field applies downward electric field force to the electron beam, and the electric field force is opposite to the magnetic field force in direction, so that the welding electron beam is restrained at the central position; when a lower layer of welding seam is welded, the welding electron beam is deflected downwards under the action of the magnetic field of the composite blank, at the moment, an electric field applies an upward electric field force to the electron beam, the direction of the electric field force is opposite to that of the magnetic field force, and the welding electron beam is restrained at the central position to seal and weld the composite blank. Therefore, under the condition of magnetic field intensity of 10GS-100GS, the welding precision of the electron beam is improved, the sealing and welding quality of the titanium steel composite blank is ensured, and a continuous, uniform and large-fusion-depth sealing and welding joint is formed.
The titanium steel composite blank which is directly sealed and welded by adopting an electron beam welding gun and is polluted by magnetism can generate the conditions of welding missing, lower effective penetration depth and the like, and the effective penetration depth is only 2mm-5 mm. Even in the region where the magnetic field strength is strong, the direction of the electron beam 41 is greatly deflected, and welding is difficult. The welding device of the invention can be used for normal welding, and the effective fusion depth is as high as more than 35 mm.
According to the titanium steel composite blank welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field intensity of the titanium steel composite blank is less than 100 GS.
According to the titanium steel composite blank welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber reaches 4.5 multiplied by 10- 2Pa or less.
According to the titanium steel composite blank welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the vacuum electron beam welding adopts a negative defocusing welding process, and the defocusing amount is-3-5 mm. On one hand, the adoption of the negative defocusing welding process is beneficial to obtaining a seal welding joint with large fusion depth, and the reliability of the joint is improved; on the other hand, the distance between the electron beam welding gun and the workpiece can be further shortened, the deflection degree of the electron beam influenced by the magnetic field is reduced, and the regulation and the restriction of the additional electric field on the electron beam track are facilitated.
According to the welding method of the titanium steel composite blank, the length of the titanium steel composite blank is 3m-4m, and the width of the titanium steel composite blank is 1.5m-3 m. The arc starting position and the arc ending position of the vacuum electron beam 41 are 100mm-200mm away from the two end points.
In the embodiment of the invention, the welding direction is to weld the end closer to the arc striking position after the arc striking, turn back to weld the other end point after the end point is welded, and then turn back to the arc closing position. Because the magnetic field intensity of the titanium steel composite blank polluted by the magnetism at the corner part is higher, the titanium steel composite blank is easily influenced by a strong magnetic field if the titanium steel composite blank is directly subjected to arc striking and arc stopping at the positions of two end points, the deflection degree of an electron beam is larger, and the titanium steel composite blank is easy to drift and separate from the surface of a workpiece. Therefore, the end part is preheated by welding heat input at a special distance, so that the magnetic field intensity of the end part is reduced, and the electronic track can be effectively regulated and controlled under the action of an electronic track control device.
According to the titanium steel composite blank welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention, when the titanium steel composite blank is sealed, the lower layer short edge is sealed, then the opposite lower layer short edge is sealed, then the adjacent edge lower layer long edge is sealed, and finally the opposite lower layer long edge is sealed. And sealing and welding the edges of the upper layer in the same step. The magnetic field intensity of the corner part of the titanium steel composite blank is larger, so that the short sides are welded firstly and then the long sides are welded, the short sides can be firstly communicated in the welding process, the magnetic field intensity of the side and the corner is further reduced, and the accuracy of the electron beam is further improved.
According to the titanium steel composite blank welding method provided by the embodiment of the invention, when an electric field with equal strength is formed between the two metal plates, the voltage between the two metal plates is 640-960 v.
If U between the two metal plates is too small, the formed electric field intensity is too small, and it is also difficult to effectively regulate and control the electron beam trajectory, and if U between the two metal plates is too large, the discharge problem is likely to occur in the welding process.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" and the like mean that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A welding device, comprising: the electron beam welding gun is arranged on the mounting component and is matched with the electric field component so as to control the electric quantity of the electric charge of the electric field component, and the electron beam welding gun is arranged on the mounting component and is matched with the electric field component so as to enable the electron beam emitted by the electron beam welding gun to pass through the electric field generated by the electric field component.
2. The welding device of claim 1, wherein the mounting assembly includes a barrier, an upper insulator and a lower insulator, the electron beam welding gun being provided on the barrier, the upper insulator and the lower insulator being provided on the barrier at a distance in an up-down direction, the electric field assembly including an upper metal plate provided on the upper insulator and a lower metal plate provided on the lower insulator, wherein the electric control unit cooperates with each of the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate so as to control an amount of electric charge charged in each of the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate.
3. The welding apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the baffle plate is vertically disposed, the baffle plate is provided with a mounting hole penetrating in a longitudinal direction of the metal plate, the emission port of the electron beam welding gun is directed toward the metal plate so as to protrude into the mounting hole in the longitudinal direction of the metal plate, and the emission port of the electron beam welding gun is fitted into the mounting hole.
4. The welding device according to claim 2, wherein the upper insulating member includes an upper horizontal portion and an upper vertical portion, the upper horizontal portion is connected to the baffle, an upper end portion of the upper vertical portion is connected to the upper horizontal portion, the upper metal plate is connected to a lower end portion of the upper vertical portion, the lower insulating member includes a lower horizontal portion and a lower vertical portion, the lower horizontal portion is connected to the baffle, a lower end portion of the lower vertical portion is connected to the lower horizontal portion, and the lower metal plate is connected to an upper end portion of the lower vertical portion.
5. The welding device according to claim 2, wherein each of the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate has a width of 80mm to 100mm, and a difference between a focal length f of an electron beam of the vacuum electron beam welding gun and a length l of the metal plate is 5mm to 10 mm.
6. The welding device according to claim 2, wherein each of the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate is disposed horizontally, the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate are disposed facing each other in an up-down direction, and a distance between the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate in the up-down direction is 20mm to 30 mm.
7. The welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electron beam welding torch is provided apart from the upper metal plate and the lower metal plate in a longitudinal direction of the upper metal plate, and a distance between an emission port of the electron beam welding torch and the upper metal plate in the up-down direction is equal to a distance between the emission port of the electron beam welding torch and the lower metal plate in the up-down direction.
8. The welding apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the upper metal plate has a first end surface and a second end surface opposed in a width direction thereof, a distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun and the first end surface in the width direction of the upper metal plate is equal to a distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun and the second end surface in the width direction of the upper metal plate, the lower metal plate has a third end surface and a fourth end surface opposed in the width direction thereof, and a distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun and the third end surface in the width direction of the upper metal plate is equal to a distance between the emission opening of the electron beam welding gun and the fourth end surface in the width direction of the upper metal plate.
9. A welding method performed on a titanium steel composite blank using the welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the titanium steel composite blank comprises an upper steel plate, a lower steel plate, a steel frame provided on an upper surface of the lower steel plate, and a titanium plate provided on an upper surface of the lower steel plate, the titanium plate being located inside the steel frame, the titanium plate being spaced apart from the steel frame, the welding method comprising the steps of:
the electric field assembly generates an electric field by using the electric control unit, and the electric field is a restrained electric field;
causing an electron beam welding gun to emit an electron beam, wherein the electron beam passes through the electric field, and the electric field exerts an electric field force on the electron beam so as to weaken a deflection force, which is applied to the electron beam by the titanium steel composite blank and is perpendicular to a welding direction; and
and welding the lower steel plate and the steel frame by using the electron beams passing through the electric field, and welding the upper steel plate and the steel frame by using the electron beams passing through the electric field, wherein the steps are all performed in a vacuum chamber.
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| CN202110522690.7A CN113146013A (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Welding method for vacuum electron beam seal welding of magnetic titanium steel composite blank |
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| CN202110522690.7A CN113146013A (en) | 2021-05-13 | 2021-05-13 | Welding method for vacuum electron beam seal welding of magnetic titanium steel composite blank |
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