CN113145858A - Mask type metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method - Google Patents
Mask type metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113145858A CN113145858A CN202110089050.1A CN202110089050A CN113145858A CN 113145858 A CN113145858 A CN 113145858A CN 202110089050 A CN202110089050 A CN 202110089050A CN 113145858 A CN113145858 A CN 113145858A
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- mask
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mask type jet forming additive manufacturing method, and belongs to the field of metal direct additive manufacturing. Firstly, according to the shape and size of a formed target part model, carrying out layer cutting treatment and generating a group of shielding masks with specific outlines; secondly, manufacturing a plurality of masks by numerical control machining, and forming a mask queue according to a preset sequence; in the spray forming process, sequentially adding masks to a forming position layer by layer, and forming molten metal spray through a gas atomization nozzle to deposit the molten metal spray into an area limited by the masks on the forming surface of the part; and then, the masks are dislocated, the next layer of masks is sequentially added, the metal material is continuously covered and deposited, and finally the metal part taking the multi-layer mask cavity as the outer boundary is formed. In the metal spray deposition additive manufacturing process, the forming precision of the metal spray deposition part can be improved by adopting the multi-layer mask with good precision. The method is suitable for the direct injection deposition forming of metal parts with certain dimensional accuracy requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal additive manufacturing method, and belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing.
Background
The metal spray forming technology is a fast forming technology for directly preparing metal parts or blanks by atomizing and depositing molten metal, and is characterized by atomizing molten metal. Atomizing the molten metal with high pressure inert gas to break the molten metal into great amount of fine metal droplets, and depositing the droplets onto the substrate to form compact and shaped blank. The basic forming unit for spray deposition is atomized metal liquid drops, and the atomized metal liquid drops are gathered and solidified in a semi-solid state during deposition, so that the obvious layering problem is solved; and the rapid solidification of the atomized metal during the metal spray deposition can improve the performance of the metal workpiece.
However, in the metal spray forming process, the forming breadth of the atomized metal liquid is wide, and the forming precision cannot be guaranteed, so that the method is less applied to the direct manufacturing and forming of parts, and is generally only applied to the manufacturing of metal blanks, the surface repair of metal parts and the like. When the metal parts with complex outlines are manufactured by adopting direct injection deposition, atomized metal is mostly adopted to be injected on a rapid prototype mold, a part body is formed on the mold surface of a ceramic mold or a metal mold, and the mold and the part are separated to obtain a near-net formed metal part.
When the forming target shape has higher depth and more complex contour, the atomized metal liquid drops are quickly gathered and solidified at the sharp corner of the contour, the small-size narrow channel and the blocked atomized metal deposition forming channel, so that the precision is difficult to ensure, and even the atomized metal liquid drops cannot be completely formed. Therefore, the die is layered into a multi-layer mask in a die discretization mode, deposition forming is carried out layer by layer, and deposition channel blockage caused by the depth and complex outline of the die is prevented.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the additive manufacturing process method for directly forming the high-precision and high-performance metal parts by spray deposition is provided, and solves the problems that a deposition channel is blocked and is difficult to form completely and precisely due to the depth and the complex contour of a die when the metal parts are formed by direct spray deposition.
In order to solve the technical problems, the solution of the invention is as follows: a mask type metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a model, namely scanning a three-dimensional modeling software or an entity to obtain a part model to be formed;
step two: layering, namely layering the three-dimensional model;
step three: manufacturing a mask, namely manufacturing the mask in a numerical control processing mode according to the information of the inner and outer contours of each layer;
step four: positioning the mask, namely moving the mask corresponding to the current layer and positioning the mask to a forming position;
step five: spraying molten metal through an air atomization nozzle to form uniform metal liquid drops;
step six: moving the substrate or the spray head to deposit the metal atomized liquid drops on the substrate and completely fill the blank position limited by the mask;
step seven: and (4) descending a layer thickness on the current layer, removing the mask, adding the next forming layer corresponding to the mask to the forming position, repeating the fifth step, the sixth step and the seventh step, depositing metal layer by layer, and finally forming the three-dimensional part.
Step eight: demoulding, taking out the formed part, and carrying out post-treatment such as grinding, heat treatment or isostatic pressing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a masked metal spray deposition additive manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a mask rotation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the drawings illustrate the following:
1-left mask sequence, 2-right mask sequence, 3-left mask cavity, 4-right mask cavity, 5-locating pin 1, 6-locating pin 2, 7-locating pin 3, 8-formed part
Detailed Description
The following are embodiments of the method disclosed herein that may be used to implement embodiments of the system disclosed in the first embodiment of the present application. For details not disclosed in the method embodiments, reference is made to the system embodiments of the present application.
The present application has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments and the exemplary embodiments, which are only preferred embodiments of the present patent and are not intended to limit the present patent, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present patent. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The typical forming part is a metal part with certain thickness and complex outline, and referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a mask type metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps:
and 102, carrying out layering treatment, namely converting the three-dimensional model into a layered data format which can be identified by metal spraying, depositing, cutting and composite forming software. And setting a layering direction according to the forming direction of the part, and storing the CAD file in the solid modeling format into n slicing numerical control files after the CAD file is processed by slicing software.
And 103, manufacturing a mask, namely inputting the single-layer contour layer-cutting numerical control file obtained in the step 2 into a numerical control processing system, selecting the thickness and the type of a mask material according to the forming precision requirement, and cutting to obtain n layer-cutting mask templates. The mask templates are closely contacted, the gap is controlled within 0.03mm, the mask templates are sequentially arranged into a mask queue, and a z-direction positioning pin is used for fixing the mask queue inside one side.
104, preparing metal spray deposition, wherein the preparation comprises raw materials, a heating and melting device and an air atomization nozzle; the raw material is not limited by form, and can be rod-shaped, block-shaped, powder-shaped and the like, and in the embodiment, the block-shaped ZA4-1 zinc-aluminum alloy is selected for heating and melting; setting required heating parameters according to the types of raw materials, wherein the melting temperature is set to 450 ℃, the melting time is 15min, and the heat preservation time is 25min in the embodiment, so as to obtain a metal melt with good fluidity;
further, according to the profile size of the forming layer and the performance requirements of the forming piece, the required gas atomization parameters including the liquid pressure and the atomization gas pressure are set, in this embodiment, the liquid pressure is 0.05MPa, and the atomization gas pressure is 0.15 MPa.
And 105, positioning the mask, namely rotating the mask corresponding to the current layer to a forming position, wherein the mask is positioned in a mode that a mask notch is buckled with a positioning pin. One end of the mask is fixed by the z-direction positioning pin 1 and the z-direction positioning pin 2 during processing, positioning notches are pre-processed in the left and right mask queues, the positioning pins are pre-placed at the target positions of notch rotation, and before the first layer of metal is sprayed, the left and right masks at the bottommost layer are rotated to forming positions until the notches are buckled with the positioning pins, so that the left and right masks are buckled to form a forming profile.
And 106, heating the formed metal to a molten state, and forming uniform spray through an air atomization nozzle, wherein the size of the air atomization nozzle and the parameters of atomization gas are determined by the material, size and performance requirements of the manufactured parts. In the embodiment, the air atomizing nozzle with the aperture of the liquid cap of 0.4mm and the spraying angle of the air cap of 45 degrees is selected.
And 108, rotating the formed mask away from the forming position, adding the next forming layer corresponding to the mask to the forming position in a rotating mode, repeating the steps 106-107, depositing metal layer by layer to finally form the three-dimensional part, demolding, taking out the formed part, and carrying out polishing, heat treatment or isostatic pressing and other post-treatment.
Claims (7)
1. A mask type metal spray forming additive manufacturing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a model, namely scanning a three-dimensional modeling software or an entity to obtain a part model to be formed;
step two: layering, namely layering the three-dimensional model;
step three: manufacturing a mask, namely manufacturing the mask in a numerical control processing mode according to the information of the inner and outer contours of each layer;
step four: positioning the mask, namely moving the mask corresponding to the current layer and positioning the mask to a forming position;
step five: spraying molten metal through an air atomization nozzle to form uniform metal liquid drops;
step six: moving the substrate or the spray head to deposit the metal atomized liquid drops on the substrate and completely fill the blank position limited by the mask;
step seven: and (4) descending a layer thickness on the current layer, removing the mask, adding the next forming layer corresponding to the mask to the forming position, repeating the fifth step, the sixth step and the seventh step, depositing metal layer by layer, and finally forming the three-dimensional part.
Step eight: demoulding, taking out the formed part, and carrying out post-treatment such as grinding, heat treatment or isostatic pressing.
2. The masked metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method according to claim 1,
in the first step, the model acquisition means acquiring a part model through three-dimensional modeling software or scanning an entity and the like, and converting the part model into a data format which can be recognized by mask type metal jet deposition additive manufacturing special software.
3. The masked metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method according to claim 1,
in the second step, the layering processing refers to storing the CAD files in the solid modeling format into n slicing numerical control files after being processed by slicing software according to the forming direction of the part.
4. The masked metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method according to claim 1,
in the third step, the mask manufacturing is to input the single-layer profile information into a numerical control processing system, select the thickness and the type of the mask material according to the forming precision requirement, and cut n layer-cutting mask templates, wherein the same layer of mask is formed by buckling a left piece and a right piece. The mask templates are closely contacted and are sequentially arranged into a left mask queue and a right mask queue, and the insides of one sides of the queues are respectively fixed by a z-direction positioning pin 1 and a z-direction positioning pin 2.
5. The masked metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method according to claim 1,
in the fourth step, the mask positioning includes, but is not limited to, rotating the masks on the left and right sides until the mask notch and the positioning pin are buckled. One end of the mask is fixed by the z-direction positioning pin 1 and the z-direction positioning pin 2 during processing, positioning notches are pre-processed in the left and right mask queues, the positioning pin 3 is pre-placed at the target position of notch rotation, and the left and right masks at the bottommost layer are rotated to the forming position until the notches are buckled with the positioning pins 3 before the first layer of metal is sprayed, so that the left and right masks are buckled to form a forming profile.
6. The masked metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method according to claim 1,
in the fifth step, the size of the gas atomizing nozzle is determined by the material, the size and the performance requirements of the manufactured parts. The molten metal is obtained by heating raw materials, the raw materials are not limited by shapes and can be rod-shaped, block-shaped, powdery and the like, and required heating parameters including melting temperature, melting time, heat preservation time and the like are set according to the types of the raw materials, so that the molten metal with good fluidity is obtained. And setting required gas atomization parameters including liquid pressure and atomization gas pressure according to the profile size of a forming layer and the performance requirement of a forming piece to obtain uniform metal droplet spray.
7. The masked metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method according to claim 1,
and sixthly, moving the substrate or the spray head according to a preset path, wherein the moving path is determined by the contour shape, the size and the thickness of the current layer of the manufactured part.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110089050.1A CN113145858A (en) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | Mask type metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method |
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| CN202110089050.1A CN113145858A (en) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | Mask type metal jet deposition additive manufacturing method |
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| CN113145858A true CN113145858A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
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Citations (7)
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| US5940674A (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 1999-08-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Three-dimensional product manufacture using masks |
| CN103586466A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-02-19 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Multi-metal liquid spray deposition additive manufacturing method |
| CN104550954A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Forming method of meal piece through composite milling in 3D (Three-dimensional) printing |
| CN108085725A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-29 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | A kind of electrochemistry of damaged metal part increases material reparation and reproducing method |
| CN109136999A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of devices and methods therefor of microparticle jetting electro-deposition forming micrometallic component |
| CN109550953A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-02 | 山东大学 | A kind of method that laser lithography-electrospray deposition prepares micro- texture |
| CN111441069A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-07-24 | 广东石油化工学院 | Anode local shielding limited-area electrodeposition 3D printing device |
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2021
- 2021-01-22 CN CN202110089050.1A patent/CN113145858A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5940674A (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 1999-08-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Three-dimensional product manufacture using masks |
| CN103586466A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-02-19 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Multi-metal liquid spray deposition additive manufacturing method |
| CN104550954A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Forming method of meal piece through composite milling in 3D (Three-dimensional) printing |
| CN108085725A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-29 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | A kind of electrochemistry of damaged metal part increases material reparation and reproducing method |
| CN109136999A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of devices and methods therefor of microparticle jetting electro-deposition forming micrometallic component |
| CN109550953A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-04-02 | 山东大学 | A kind of method that laser lithography-electrospray deposition prepares micro- texture |
| CN111441069A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-07-24 | 广东石油化工学院 | Anode local shielding limited-area electrodeposition 3D printing device |
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