CN113145778A - Cogging forging method for improving structural uniformity of beta titanium alloy - Google Patents
Cogging forging method for improving structural uniformity of beta titanium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113145778A CN113145778A CN202110458703.9A CN202110458703A CN113145778A CN 113145778 A CN113145778 A CN 113145778A CN 202110458703 A CN202110458703 A CN 202110458703A CN 113145778 A CN113145778 A CN 113145778A
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- titanium alloy
- beta titanium
- forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a cogging forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a beta titanium alloy, which comprises the steps of heating and preserving heat at high temperature for beta titanium alloy ingots, then forging the beta titanium alloy ingots in a radial direction, then returning the beta titanium alloy ingots to a furnace for homogenization treatment, and then cooling the beta titanium alloy ingots to room temperature in air; in the radial forging process, the beta titanium alloy ingot is placed in parallel with the axial direction of the forging anvil along the length direction, and then is repeatedly subjected to opposite flattening deformation, wherein the flattening deformation amount is 30-40%. The method comprises the steps of placing a beta titanium alloy ingot in parallel with the axial direction of a forging anvil along the length direction in a radial forging process, repeatedly carrying out opposite flattening deformation, combining homogenization treatment, crushing an as-cast columnar crystal structure, then carrying out static recrystallization growth, avoiding the structure defect, improving the structure uniformity of the beta titanium alloy, and meeting the requirements of airplane manufacturing on large titanium alloy forgings or parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing, and particularly relates to a cogging forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a beta titanium alloy.
Background
The titanium alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace and the like. Most titanium alloy parts are processed by preparing titanium alloy from titanium sponge and alloy elements, smelting the titanium alloy into ingots, and forging the ingots to improve the structure property.
At present, the traditional titanium alloy ingot casting smelting method is a vacuum consumable arc smelting technology. Although the vacuum consumable arc melting method is a mature melting technology, the maintenance time of a liquid molten pool is short due to the low melting temperature of an arc in the melting process, and the macroscopic structure distribution of the cast ingot is respectively fine crystal, columnar crystal and isometric crystal from outside to inside. The columnar crystal grains are elongated along the cross section of the ingot from inside to outside along the same direction, the structure is coarse and straight, and obvious orientation exists. The coarse and uneven structure in the original cast state is often not sufficient, and the defects that the coarse and uneven crystal grains are easily generated in the macrostructure of the finished product forged piece and the large blocks or strip alpha are distributed in the macrostructure are effectively improved. If a reasonable ingot cogging forging process is not available, the tissue defects are inherited into the forged piece finally, and the defects cannot be eliminated through subsequent forging and heat treatment, so that adverse effects are brought to the tissue and the performance of the forged piece finally, and hidden quality troubles are buried for the use of the forged piece.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cogging forging method for improving the homogeneity of the beta titanium alloy structure, aiming at the defects of the prior art. According to the method, a beta titanium alloy ingot is placed in parallel with the axial direction of a forging anvil along the length direction and is subjected to radial forging through repeated opposite flattening deformation, and the homogenization treatment is combined, so that an as-cast columnar crystal structure is crushed and then is subjected to static recrystallization growth, the structure defect is avoided, and the uniformity of the beta titanium alloy structure is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a cogging forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a beta titanium alloy is characterized in that a beta titanium alloy ingot is radially forged after being heated at high temperature and kept warm to obtain a beta titanium alloy forging stock, and then the beta titanium alloy forging stock is returned to a furnace for homogenization treatment and is air-cooled to room temperature; in the radial forging process, the beta titanium alloy ingot is placed in parallel with the axial direction of the forging anvil along the length direction, and then is repeatedly subjected to opposite flattening deformation, wherein the flattening deformation amount is 30-40%.
The method comprises the steps of heating and insulating a beta titanium alloy ingot at high temperature, placing the beta titanium alloy ingot in parallel with the axial direction of a forging anvil along the length direction, then repeatedly carrying out opposite flattening deformation, wherein the flattening deformation amount is 30-40%, in the process of the repeated opposite flattening deformation, the main deformation area of the beta titanium alloy ingot during radial forging is in the fine crystal and columnar crystal areas at the edge of the ingot, and the original flat columnar crystal is subjected to shear deformation instability under the action of external force through deformation, so that the interface separation phenomenon is generated to cause spheroidization.
Meanwhile, compared with the homogenization treatment of the conventional titanium alloy ingot, the homogenization treatment of the conventional titanium alloy ingot is carried out through high temperature and long-time heat preservation, so that elements are fully diffused, and the uniformity of micro-area components is improved.
The coarseness of the as-cast structure of the titanium alloy results in poor workability of the ingot. For the titanium alloy with poor alloy self-processability in alpha and alpha + beta types, the method of the invention adopts a radial forging mode with large deformation amount to easily cause the titanium alloy to crack seriously by cogging forging, not only the effect of homogenizing the structure after forging can not be achieved, but also the grinding amount can be greatly increased, and the yield can be reduced.
The cogging forging method for improving the structural uniformity of the beta titanium alloy is characterized in that the high-temperature heating and heat preservation temperature T is 1100-1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time T is 0.7-0.8D, wherein D is the diameter of the beta titanium alloy ingot, the unit is mm, and the unit of T is min.
The cogging forging method for improving the structural uniformity of the beta titanium alloy is characterized in that the temperature T of the homogenization treatment is01000-1100 deg.C, holding time t00.8D-D, wherein D is the equivalent diameter of the beta titanium alloy forging stock and has the unit of mm and t0In units of min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the radial forging process, the beta titanium alloy ingot is placed in parallel with the axial direction of the forging anvil along the length direction, and then is repeatedly flattened and deformed in opposite directions, so that the main deformation area of the radial forging is in the fine crystal and columnar crystal areas at the edge of the ingot, thereby effectively crushing the as-cast columnar crystal tissue and avoiding the tissue defect.
2. The invention carries out homogenization treatment of high-temperature long-time heat preservation on the beta titanium alloy ingot after radial forging, so that the crushed columnar crystal structure in the ingot is statically recrystallized and grows up, the uniformity of the cast structure from the center to the edge is realized, and the uniformity of the beta titanium alloy structure is improved.
3. The method has simple process and strong operability, and is particularly suitable for cogging forging of the beta-type titanium alloy large-scale cast ingot so as to meet the requirement of manufacturing large-scale titanium alloy forgings or parts with higher requirement on structural property uniformity required by aircraft manufacturing.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging prepared by comparative example 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The specific process of this embodiment is as follows: keeping the temperature of a Ti-1300 titanium alloy ingot with the diameter phi of 160mm at 1100 ℃ for 96min, then placing the Ti-1300 titanium alloy ingot in parallel with the axial direction of a forging anvil along the length direction, repeatedly carrying out opposite flattening deformation with the flattening deformation amount of 30% to obtain a Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging stock, then returning to a furnace, keeping the temperature at 1000 ℃ for 128min for homogenization treatment, and finally carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging.
Fig. 1 is a microstructure diagram of the Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging prepared in this embodiment, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the microstructure of the Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging is uniform equiaxial primary alpha phase dispersed in a beta matrix.
Comparative example 1
The specific process of this comparative example is: keeping the temperature of a Ti-1300 titanium alloy ingot with the diameter phi of 160mm at 1100 ℃ for 128min, then upsetting and deforming the Ti-1300 titanium alloy ingot along the axial direction with the deformation of 40-50 percent, then carrying out radial drawing deformation with the deformation of 40-50 percent, repeating the upsetting-drawing process for 3 times, and then air-cooling to the room temperature to obtain the Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging prepared by the comparative example, and as can be seen from FIG. 2, the microstructure of the Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging has a large or strip-shaped alpha phase and is nonuniform.
As can be seen from comparison between FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the cogging forging method of the present invention effectively avoids the structural defects and improves the structural uniformity of the beta titanium alloy.
Example 2
The specific process of this embodiment is as follows: keeping the temperature of a TB8 titanium alloy ingot with the diameter phi of 160mm at 1180 ℃ for 128min, then placing the TB8 titanium alloy ingot in parallel with the axial direction of a forging anvil along the length direction, repeatedly carrying out opposite flattening deformation with the flattening deformation amount of 40% to obtain a TB8 titanium alloy forging stock, then returning to a furnace, keeping the temperature at 1100 ℃ for 160min for homogenization treatment, and finally carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the TB8 titanium alloy forging.
Example 3
The specific process of this embodiment is as follows: keeping the temperature of a Ti-5553 titanium alloy ingot with the diameter phi of 160mm at 1150 ℃ for 112min, then placing the Ti-5553 titanium alloy ingot in parallel with the axial direction of a forging anvil along the length direction, repeatedly carrying out opposite flattening deformation with the flattening deformation amount of 35% to obtain a Ti-5553 titanium alloy forging stock, then returning to a furnace, keeping the temperature at 1050 ℃ for 144min for homogenization treatment, and finally carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the Ti-5553 titanium alloy forging.
Example 4
The specific process of this embodiment is as follows: keeping the temperature of a Ti-1300 titanium alloy ingot with the diameter phi of 160mm at 1130 ℃ for 120min, then placing the Ti-1300 titanium alloy ingot in parallel with the axial direction of a forging anvil along the length direction, repeatedly carrying out opposite flattening deformation with the flattening deformation amount of 40% to obtain a Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging stock, then returning to a furnace, keeping the temperature at 1060 ℃ for 136min for homogenization treatment, and finally carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the Ti-1300 titanium alloy forging.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A cogging forging method for improving the structural uniformity of a beta titanium alloy is characterized in that a beta titanium alloy ingot is radially forged after being heated at high temperature and kept warm to obtain a beta titanium alloy forging stock, and then the beta titanium alloy forging stock is returned to a furnace for homogenization treatment and is air-cooled to room temperature; in the radial forging process, the beta titanium alloy ingot is placed in parallel with the axial direction of the forging anvil along the length direction, and then is repeatedly subjected to opposite flattening deformation, wherein the flattening deformation amount is 30-40%.
2. The cogging forging method for improving the homogeneity of the beta titanium alloy structure according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature heating and heat preservation temperature T is 1100-1180 ℃, and the heat preservation time T is 0.7D-0.8D, wherein D is the diameter of a beta titanium alloy ingot and has the unit of mm, and T has the unit of min.
3. The cogging forging method for improving homogeneity of beta titanium alloy structure according to claim 1, wherein the temperature T of the homogenization treatment is01000-1100 deg.C, holding time t00.8D-D, wherein D is the equivalent diameter of the beta titanium alloy forging stock and has the unit of mm and t0In units of min.
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