CN113143974B - 一种hiv感染致神经损伤动物模型的建立方法及其用途 - Google Patents
一种hiv感染致神经损伤动物模型的建立方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型的建立方法及其用途,其包括:小鼠腹腔接种嵌合HIV病毒或者小鼠用异氟醚麻醉后尾静脉注射的嵌合HIV病毒,所述嵌合HIV病毒具有SEQIDNO.1所示的核苷酸序列。本发明的动物模型将极大促进HIV造成感染者神经损伤的机制研究,同时也可用于抗HIV相关神经损伤药物的药效测定和药理学研究,特别是在新药的筛选方面具有极大的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型的建立方法及其用途。
背景技术
尽管联合抗逆转录病毒疗法(cART),能够系统性地抑制HIV病毒复制,并维持病毒载量在很低的水平,但因为绝大部分cART药物无法穿过血脑屏障,造成HIV相关的神经认知障碍(HAND)仍然普遍存在。随着患者生存期的延长,约50%的感染者仍会进一步发展为HIV相关的神经认知功能障碍综合征(HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders,HAND),包括精神运动减慢、注意力、记忆力、运动功能、执行功能、言语流畅性、信息处理速度、感觉/知觉。HAND的演变规律是从临床前期无症状的神经认知损伤(asymptomaticneurocognitive impairment,ANI)到轻度的神经认知障碍(mild neurocognitivedisorder, MND),最后是HIV相关性痴呆(HIV-associated dementia,HAD)3个阶段。ANI阶段是指没有临床症状或很轻微,但已有HAND神经病理改变的最早阶段,是HAND中最轻也最为常见的形式,约占HAND的70%。HAD是HAND中最严重的形式,严重影响患者的日常生活和工作,给患者及其家属带来精神负担和经济负担,常导致患者致残和致死。联合抗逆转录病毒治疗后,HAD减少,但仍约40%的HIV感染者会发生ANI和MND。且随着生存期的延长,认知障碍逐渐加重。一项对HAND及非HAND的最新研究显示,经过18个月的抗逆转录病毒治疗后随访,10%的HAND患者认知进一步恶化,4%的非HAND患者进展为HAND。中国HAND患者数也在逐年增加,截至2018年9月30日,我国HAND患者总数已达424801人。为了研究 HIV-1病毒感染中枢神经系统(CNS)导致HAND发生发展的病理学机理,及相关阻断方法,急需开发出与HAND相关的动物模型,因为迄今为止尚无理想的研究可用于评估CNS疾病进展的神经艾滋病动物模型。
就动物种类而言,啮齿类动物的HAND模型和(Non-Human Primate,NHP)模型是研究 HAND的主要模型。首先,根据接种的病毒和猕猴种类的不同,感染SIV的猕猴中有30%到90%会出现神经系统损害,最常见的是皮质下白质和基底节,但严重的病例发生在大脑或脊髓内的任何部位。显微改变的典型特征是淋巴细胞、上皮样巨噬细胞和巨噬细胞起源的多核巨细胞在血管周围和实质内浸润。由激活的巨噬细胞和星形胶质细胞组成的多灶性胶质结节也呈多灶性分布。与HIV感染者一样,SIV感染的猕猴有严重的神经元损伤和丢失。SIV感染猕猴的中枢神经系统变化与HIV感染者非常相似。在中枢神经系统,免疫组织化学染色和原位杂交显示病毒仅在巨噬细胞中复制,尽管病毒在淋巴细胞中复制,并且在脑实质中有大量的淋巴细胞浸润。就像在感染HIV的大脑中一样,早期基因产物Nef的表达也可以在星形胶质细胞中发现,尽管在这些细胞中的感染是有限的,似乎不会导致病毒粒子的产生。猕猴的大脑也可能有继发性机会性感染,最常见的是巨细胞病毒或弓形虫。和感染HIV的人类一样,SIV感染的猕猴也会出现认知和运动障碍,但因受到动物来源稀少、价格昂贵、操作复杂、对生物安全实验室要求三级等因素影响,难以大规模开展应用。与灵长类动物模型相比,获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS)和神经性艾滋病的小鼠模型成本更低。它们允许进行大样本量的研究,几个小鼠模型已经被用于神经艾滋病的研究。总体而言,已经使用了两大类神经艾滋病小鼠模型:人源化和转基因小鼠。人源化的小鼠模型已经被用来研究HIV相关的神经发病机制及涉及发病机制的免疫细胞,而转基因小鼠一般用来确定HIV蛋白的功能,特别是在没有病毒感染的情况下的免疫激活、信号转导和神经毒性。被HIV感染的人源化小鼠是令人兴奋的新型啮齿动物模型。就人源化而言,一种策略是通过直接注射感染的人类细胞来产生具有CNS HIV感染的人源化小鼠。将感染了HIV的人类单核细胞巨噬细胞或感染HIV的人类小胶质细胞注入严重的联合免疫缺陷缺陷(SCID)小鼠或重组的SCID小鼠与人类外周血白细胞(PBLs)(huPBL/SCID)的大脑中。感染了人类细胞的SCID和huPBL/SCID小鼠概括了在HIVE患者中观察到的几种神经病理学疾病,包括多核巨细胞,星形胶质细胞增多症,小胶质细胞活化和神经元损伤。产生人源化小鼠的第二种策略是将人类造血干细胞(CD34 +细胞)或成年人类外周血单核细胞系统移植到各种免疫缺陷小鼠中,从而使这些小鼠成为 HIV-1感染的人类靶细胞。在HIV感染的人源化小鼠模型中报道了各种神经病理学。例如,植入人CD34+干细胞(NSG-hCD34+)的NOD/SCID-IL-2Rγcnul(NSG)小鼠开发了一种功能正常的人体免疫系统,其中含有T淋巴细胞,单核细胞和巨噬细胞,可以有效感染HIV。通过免疫组化染色各种神经元和突触标记物(如微管相关蛋白2,神经丝和突触素)来检测损伤。神经病理学似乎与神经胶质细胞活化有关。这些动物还表现出记忆力减退和持续性焦虑。尽管较少用于CNS感染,但其他人源化小鼠模型(例如人源化骨髓/肝/胸腺小鼠模型) 已用于HIV发病机理,传播,复制和预防的研究。但人源化小鼠建模周期较长,因为GvHD 导致实验窗口期较短,实验通常需要ABSL-3级生物安全实验室,实验费用非常昂贵,实验人员面临被感染风险。另外,虽然转基因小鼠大脑中HIV gp120和Tat的表达与神经元损伤直接相关,但尚不清楚在HIV感染者的中枢神经系统中是否存在显著浓度的这些HIV蛋白。 HIV-1转基因啮齿动物模型提供了有用的工具来研究病毒蛋白对HAND发病的影响。但是,它们有很大的局限性。最重要的是,他们没有获得HIV-1感染,因此无法如实地模拟初始感染阶段或AIDS进展,这是与HAND发展相关的关键事件。因此,利用转基因小鼠进行的神经艾滋病研究表明,HIV诱导的神经毒性机制可能与HIV+个体中HIV诱导的神经元损伤和神经认知缺陷的机制不一致。
发明内容
本发明是为了解决上述不足,提供了一种HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型的建立方法及其用途。具体而言,为了实现本发明的目的,本发明拟采用如下的技术方案:
本发明一方面涉及一种HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型的建立方法,其特征在于小鼠腹腔接种嵌合HIV病毒或者小鼠用异氟醚麻醉后尾静脉注射的嵌合HIV病毒,所述嵌合HIV病毒具有SEQ ID NO.1所示的核苷酸序列。
本发明另一方面还涉及一种嵌合HIV病毒,其具有SEQ ID NO.1所示的核苷酸序列。
本发明另一方面还涉及嵌合HIV病毒的构建方法,其特征在于包括:1)MLV囊膜替换 HIV囊膜完成嵌合HIV的构建;通过用来自嗜性鼠白血病病毒的gp80包膜基因替换 HIV-gp120编码区。2)在嵌合HIV的基础上将HIV gp120蛋白重新插入到嵌合HIV病毒的 gp80中并不影响病毒的感染能力。
本发明另一方面还涉及上述一种嵌合HIV病毒在制备在感染者体内产生的神经损伤症状的试剂盒中的应用。
本发明另一方面还涉及一种感染宿主细胞的方法,其特征在于所述嵌合HIV病毒利用阳离子氨基酸transpoter-1(mCAT)作为受体进入宿主细胞。
本发明另一方面还涉及上述HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型用于抗HIV相关神经损伤药物的药效测定和药理学研究。
本发明另一方面还涉及上述HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型用于新药的筛选。
有益效果
本发明创造性构建嵌合HIV感染动物模型能与接受cART治疗的人在病毒﹑生理特性和部分病理方面有高度的相似性,特别是能够模拟神经损伤的发生。具体的构建包括两步:1) MLV囊膜替换HIV囊膜完成嵌合HIV的构建;通过用来自嗜性鼠白血病病毒的gp80包膜基因替换HIV-gp120编码区,构建了嵌合的HIV-1病毒。这种嵌合病毒可利用阳离子氨基酸 transpoter-1(mCAT)作为受体进入宿主细胞。尽管mCAT在小鼠组织中广泛表达,但持续感染主要集中于脾淋巴细胞,腹腔巨噬细胞和大脑。通过立体定向接种到小鼠基底神经节中的EcoHIV感染引起临床前脑部病理,例如小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞活化。但是嵌合病毒中缺少gp120囊膜蛋白限制了病毒完整性,同时也无法研究gp120蛋白如何造成神经损伤。 2)在嵌合HIV的基础上将HIV gp120蛋白重新插入到嵌合HIV病毒并不影响病毒的感染能力。本发明的创新性还在于深度研究Gp70蛋白的结构基础并创造性的将gp120蛋白定向插入到EcoHIV的囊膜蛋白gp70第264-273位,构建后gp120蛋白成功表达并且不影响嵌合病毒的感染小鼠的能力。以此病毒来感染小鼠能最大程度保留天然HIV病毒的所有蛋白及更能模拟HIV病毒在感染者体内产生的神经损伤症状。该模型将极大促进HIV造成感染者神经损伤的机制研究,同时也可用于抗HIV相关神经损伤药物的药效测定和药理学研究,特别是在新药的筛选方面具有极大的应用价值。
附图说明
图1为三个片段重叠引物相对位置示意图;
图2为三个片段重叠引物相对位置示意图;
图3为嵌合HIV病毒(a)、MLV(b)结构示意图以及凝胶电泳图(c);
图4A为病毒体外感染hela-mCAT细胞48小时的荧光成像图;
图4B是病毒EcoHIV-gp120/NDK感染小鼠的实验,通过实时荧光定量PCR检验出总EcoHIV DNA的总拷贝数;
图5(左图)显示了病毒整合后基因的表达情况;图5(中图)显示了病毒的整合DNA拷贝数;图5(右图)显示了2LTR的拷贝数;
图6:RAWM行为测试的结果显示了发现隐藏平台花费的时间;
图7:RAWM行为测试的结果显示了发现隐藏平台的平均错误次数;
图8:RAWM行为测试小鼠对可见平台的发现时间,来消除因眼睛和运动能力方面的缺陷对实验结果的影响;
图9:嵌合HIV感染后一个月对小鼠形成恐惧相关记忆的影响;
图10:嵌合HIV感染小鼠大脑海马中CA1区神经元树突状蛋白(MAP2)和核蛋白(NeuN) 的表达水平变化;
图11中的RAWM图结果显示了水迷宫测试的最后连续3天平均的错误数;
图12表示RAWM保留试验结果显示发现隐藏平台时出错次数;
图13表示RAWM行为测试小鼠找到可见平台的时间,来排除眼睛和运动能力方面的缺陷对实验的影响;
图14表示来自小鼠大脑海马CA1区的代表性共聚焦显微镜图像,显示检测到神经元树突状蛋白(MAP2,绿色)和核蛋白(NeuN,红色)的表达水平;比例尺=24μm。
具体实施方式
为了进一步理解本发明,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如无特殊说明,本发明实施例中所涉及的试剂均为市售产品,均可以通过商业渠道购买获得。
1.嵌合HIV病毒质粒构建
1)MLV囊膜替换HIV囊膜完成嵌合HIV的构建;通过用来自莫洛尼鼠白血病病毒(Mo-MLV)的gp80囊膜基因替换HIV-gp120编码区,构建了嵌合的HIV-1病毒。这样可以使构建的HIV-1定向感染啮齿动物,具体操作是将携带其自身终止密码子的亲水性MLV 囊膜蛋白gp80基因插入到HIV囊膜蛋白gp120的信号肽序列之后,并替代原有的HIV-1NDK env信号肽之后的1440个核苷酸,由此产生的嵌合病毒被称为嵌合HIV/NDK。具体实验设计如下:在HIVNDK质粒上选择单酶切位点,上游为5-NheI位点和下游酶切为点为3-XhoI,在HIVNDK质粒上对应的位置为3876和8401。设计三对引物,用于三个片段的扩增,再分别进行重叠PCR形成完整的一个大片段,引物相对位置示意如图1所示。
引物序列如下:
ND3876:5-tggtagcgaaagaaatgatagctagctgtg-3(+)
NH1D:5-gagcgttgaacgcgcagcactacaggtcatcaacatcccaag-3(-)
NMU:5-atgacctgttgagctgcgcgttcaacgctctcaaaacccc-3(+)
NMD:5-agctcctagtcctatctatggctcgtactctattggcttcag-3(-)
NH2U:5-gagtacgagccatagataggactaggagctgtgttccttggg-3(+)
ND8401:5-ccaggtctcgagatactgctcctacccc-3(-)
通过三个片段重叠PCR扩增后,NheI和XhoI双酶切跑胶回收后,和同样酶切回收的HIVNDK质粒DNA通过T4 DNA连接,转化大肠杆菌Dh5a,通过菌液PCR初筛阳性后送测序公司验证。成功构建所得到的嵌合病毒质粒显示为图3上部分,命名为EcoHIV/NDK。由此产生的嵌合病毒嵌合HIV包含HIV-1基因组除gp120以外的所有已知的编码和调节区;但研究表明,HIV病毒蛋白gp120会通过破坏血脑屏障的结构而促使脑部发生炎症,而神经炎症会造成认知能力减退,因此在HIV造成神经损伤的过程中扮演重要作用。
2)为了让EcoHIV/NDK能包含HIV的所有蛋白,将HIV gp120蛋白重新插回嵌合HIVEcoHIV/NDK囊膜蛋白特定的位点同时不影响病毒的感染能力。具体实验如下:在深度研究Mo-MLV Gp70蛋白的结构基础并创造性的将gp120蛋白定向插入到富含脯氨酸的第264位,出人意料的,构建后gp120蛋白成功表达和组装成完整且具有感染性的病毒颗粒,进一步的动物实验证明其具有感染小鼠的能力。具体实验与嵌合HIV构建方法相似,同样选择NheI和XhoI酶切位点,在EcoHIV/NDK质粒上对应的位置为3876和8977,设计并合成两对新引物与第一步中的引物ND3876和ND8401结合,联合扩增三个片段,再进一步利用重叠PCR(overlapping PCR)扩增形成一个完整的大片段,引物相对位置示意如图2所示。
ND3876:5-tggtagcgaaagaaatgatagctagctgtg-3(+)
FC2:5-tacccatacgatgttccagattacgcttgtgatacctcaaccattacacagg-3(+)
RC2:5-agcgtaatctggaacatcgtatgggtacccactgggtggtttggtgactg-3(-)
FC5:5-ggagaagagtggtgccggcgggaacggaaaataggc-3(+)
RC5:5-ccgttcccgccggcaccactcttctccttgccttgg-3(-)
ND8401:5-ccaggtctcgagatactgctcctacccc-3(-)
通过三个片段重叠扩PCR增后,NheI和XhoI双酶切跑胶回收后,和同样酶切回收的质粒DNA通过T4 DNA连接,转化大肠杆菌Dh5a,挑取克隆培养质粒小提再通过NheI和 XhoI双酶切鉴定,所构建质粒中插入片段与预期大小一致,参见图3(c),再送测序公司验证完全正确,确认获得成功插入gp120的嵌合HIV病毒结构见图3(b),所述质粒被命名为EcoHIV-gp120/NDK,其核苷酸序列为SEQ.ID NO.1,包装成的病毒在本专利下文中均称为嵌合HIV病毒。这样可以使获得的病毒包含HIV的所有蛋白,本方案在嵌合HIV的基础上将HIVgp120蛋白再次插入到gp80的第264到273号氨基酸之间,所形成的病毒仅能利用MLV的囊膜感染小鼠细胞及小鼠,但却不能感染人的细胞,降低了对实验环境的生物安全等级要求,同时含有HIV的囊膜蛋白,结果示意图见图3(a)。本发明中以MLV病毒作为对照(基因组结构示意图见图3(b)图),用于证明神经损伤是完全因HIV的蛋白所致,与其携带的gp80无关。因为MLV病毒也包含完整的gp80囊膜蛋白但不产生任何神经损伤。
2.病毒包装及物理滴度测定
通过将聚乙烯亚胺PEI(1mg/mL)转染到293T人胚肾细胞中来制备病毒原种。将7.5×105 293T细胞/孔在6孔板中培养,吸取10μg的质粒EcoHIV-gp120/NDK加到0.5ml的无血清DMEM培养基中,吸取30μL已过滤除菌的PEI溶液(1mg/ml)加到0.5ml的无血清DMEM 培养基中,使用移液枪充分混匀,静止5min。拿电枪吹打DNA/F培养基混合液,右手用移液枪旋转滴加PEI/F培养基混合液进DNA/F培养基混合液中,混合均匀,室温静置30min后,将DNA/PEI混合液缓慢滴加到细胞里。转染后72小时收获293T培养上清液,并在4℃下以22,000×g离心2h进行浓缩,除去上清液,将病毒沉重悬于300μL DMEM培养基中,等分后保存在-80℃。
物理滴度测定通过检测p24含量测定,p24蛋白是慢病毒外壳中含量最大的标志性结构蛋白。每个病毒颗粒大概含有3000个左右拷贝的p24蛋白分子。使用Lenti-XTMp24Rapid Titer Kit(TAKARA生产厂商),按照说明书使用,检测p24蛋白含量,结果为:2.31×107 pg/mL。
p24检测步骤:
1.将Lenti-XTMp24 Rapid Titer Kit试剂盒中所有试剂置于室温复温;2.每个待检测样品、空白对照、阳性质控均设置2个复孔,根据样本数取适量8孔条安装到ELISA框架中,做好标记;3.向每孔中加入20μL裂解缓冲液(lysis buffer);4.阳性质控(p24含量为:100pg/mL):用RPMI 1640完全培养基将p24标准品(10ng/mL)进行100倍稀释,即,取 5μLp24标准品(10ng/mL),加入到495μL RPMI 1640完全培养基中,混匀;5.空白对照:RPMI1640完全培养基。分别取200μL指示阶段结束时收集的各组细胞培养上清液,加入到相应的孔中;6.用封板膜封住反应板,37℃孵育60min;7.移去封板膜,弃去孔板中液体,每孔加入300μL 1×wash buffer,左手手持孔板,保持水平,用右手手指高频轻敲孔板边缘,充分洗涤30sec;8.弃去wash buffer,并倒扣于吸水纸上,轻扣吸干;9.重复步骤g-h,共洗涤5次;10.向每孔中加入100μL生物素标记的anti-p24抗体,用封板膜封住反应板,37℃孵育60min;11.移去封板膜,弃去每孔抗体,重复g-h操作,洗涤孔板 5次;12.向每孔加入100μLStreptavidin-HRP,室温孵育30min;13.弃去每孔 Streptavidin-HRP,重复g-h操作,洗涤孔板5次;14.立即向各孔加入100μL Substrate Solution,避光置于室温孵育30min;15.向每孔加入100μL Stop Solution,立即置于酶标仪下,读出450nm吸光值;16.Lenti-XTMp24Rapid Titer Kit的cut-off值为0.203, OD450值大于等于cut-off值的判断为阳性,小于cut-off值的判断为阴性。
3.对细胞及小鼠感染能力测试
腹腔注射:6-8weeks-old C57BL/6小鼠腹腔接种嵌合HIV病毒,剂量为3×106pgp24 /小鼠;尾静脉注射:6-8weeks-old C57BL/6小鼠用异氟醚麻醉,尾静脉注射0.1ml的嵌合HIV病毒。感染或模拟感染6周后,处死小鼠,收集组织进行分析。
A.使用小动物成像仪对腹腔注射嵌合HIV感染小鼠进行成像。B-E.在嵌合HIV感染前 24小时,用ABC(abacavir逆转录酶抑制剂)或RAL(raltegravir,整合酶抑制剂)或预处理小鼠(n=10/组),3天后安乐死,收集脾脏以测量总HIV拷贝数和整合2-LTR环状 DNA;用正向引物5’–tgggaccacaggctacactaga–3’,反向引物5’– cagccaaaactcttgctttatgg–3’MGB,探针5’FAM–tgatgacagcatgccaggg agtgg–3’检测来自嵌合HIV的gag基因;设计了引物以扩增Vif,正向引物,5’–aagaggcgaggggcagcga– 3’;反向引物,5’–tctttacttttcttcttggtacta cctttatg–3’;探针,5’FAM–agta gtaatacaagacaatagtg–3’MGB。使用来自ABI的试剂盒扩增GAPDH,将RNA标准化。总细胞RNA(100–150ng)用于检测Vif转录本;使用3ng RNA检测GAPDH。F.将所构建嵌合HIV 感染Hela-mCAT细胞进行荧光检测,用蓝色为细胞核DAPI染色,用绿色为p24染色。
图4A为病毒体外感染hela-mCAT细胞48小时的荧光成像图,显示了病毒可以成功感染并且能表达出荧光蛋白。图4B是病毒EcoHIV-gp120/NDK感染小鼠的实验,通过实时荧光定量PCR检验出总EcoHIV DNA的总拷贝数,ABC逆转录酶抑制剂组显著降低了病毒DNA的拷贝数,RAL整合酶抑制剂抑制了病毒DNA整合到染色体基因组上;图5(左图)显示了病毒整合后基因的表达情况,以Vif的mRNA水平代表病毒转录水平,ABC和RAL都显著抑制了病毒的表达;图5(中图)显示了病毒的整合DNA拷贝数,ABC和RAL都抑制了病毒的整合;图5(右图)显示了2LTR的拷贝数,代表病毒进入细胞后,依次完成了逆转录、整合复合物形成和核输入的全过程。RAL能抑制了整合酶的活性,从而促使病毒DNA形成了游离于染色体外的2LTR环状DNA。
4.行为学测试:水迷宫
小鼠分为PBS对照感染组、MLV病毒感染组、嵌合HIV病毒感染组、嵌合HIV病毒感染组和嵌合HIV病毒感染及cART联合抗病毒药物治疗组。每天进行4次连续的记忆获得学习测试(学习期)和1次记忆保留测试(记忆期)。整个实验期间,逃生平台的位置每天都在改变,这样迫使小鼠每天利用工作记忆来定位当天的逃生平台。在第1天试验开始前,小鼠先在平台上停留30s。在每天的学习期中,小鼠按当天的抽签顺序从4个泳道入水(平台所在泳道及其对面泳道除外,以避免固有的方向性偏倚)。入水后小鼠可在60s内寻找平台。如果在 10s内进入错误的泳道(以整个身体进入泳道为准)或20s内未选择任何泳道,即被拽回起始泳道并记录一次错误。各测试间隔30s,小鼠停留于逃生平台上。第4次测试结束后,擦干小鼠,返回饲养笼中,并置于150w的白炽灯下烘干皮毛,30min后完成记忆测试,入水泳道与最后一次学习测试相同。记录每次测试的错误数和发现平台的潜伏时间。整个实验持续 9-12天,当对照组小鼠在测试4和保留测试中所记录的错误小于1时,收集此后连续测试三天的数据用于均值分析和统计学分析,最后一天时,要增加测试小鼠对可见平台的发现时间,用以来消除因眼睛、运动能力或游泳方面的缺陷对实验结果的影响。
5.行为学测试:环境条件恐惧
条件恐惧实验由环境恐惧实验和声音恐惧实验两部分组成,环境恐惧实验和声音恐惧实验中的僵直时间可以分别反映海马依赖和非海马依赖的学习功能条件恐惧实验通过条件恐惧检测箱实现,具体检测方法如下。各组小鼠分别为未感染小鼠、MLV感染小鼠、用cART 后再感染小鼠和嵌合HIV感染小鼠,用于判别记忆损伤是否于嵌合病毒感染相关。先使用 70%酒精擦拭检测箱,酒精挥发风干后轻柔抓取小鼠放置到条件检测箱中,关闭箱门并开始进行摄像记录,从第0S~180S小鼠进行自由探索,第180S进行声音刺激(1500Hz,80dB) 持续时问5S,结束前2s进行电击刺激(0.8mA,2S),60后再次重复之前声音偶联的电刺激,共三个循环。电击刺激后小鼠在检测箱内继续探索60S,结束后取出小鼠。第2天先进行环境条件恐惧检测。环境条件恐惧检测步骤具体如下:将小鼠轻柔抓取放置在与训练时的检测箱中,并进行摄像记录,软件自动分析并记录小鼠的僵直时间,结束记录取出小鼠,使用70%酒精清洁检测箱。
图6和图7显示,对照组、MLV病毒感染组、嵌合HIV病毒感染联合cART抗病毒药物治疗组的潜伏期和错误次数随着训练显著下降,但嵌合HIV病毒感染组的工作记忆能力因为嵌合HIV病毒的损伤,显著下降,所以潜伏期和错误次数未明显下降;图8显示小鼠的运动 /游泳能力和视力没有明显差异,不会影响对记忆能力的评判。图9是条件恐惧实验中各组小鼠恐惧时间所占百分比,PBS组、MLV病毒感染组、嵌合HIV病毒感染加cART联合抗病毒药物治疗组在训练后受到声音刺激都有明显恐惧行为,但嵌合HIV病毒感染组的记忆能力受损,未在训练中建议有效记忆,所以恐惧时间所占百分比较低。恐惧记忆的结果充分说明建立的病毒感染神经损伤模型是成功的。
小鼠被嵌合HIV或对照(PBS)感染,同时各用cART(联合抗逆转录病毒治疗)或PBS对小鼠组进行处理。在治疗的第2-9天期间利用8-臂放射水迷宫(RAWM)测试小鼠学习和记忆能力,并在治疗的最后一天(感染后34天)处死小鼠。图6:RAWM行为测试的结果显示了发现隐藏平台花费的时间。图7:RAWM行为测试的结果显示了发现隐藏平台的平均错误次数。图8:RAWM行为测试小鼠对可见平台的发现时间,来消除因眼睛和运动能力方面的缺陷对实验结果的影响。图9:嵌合HIV感染后一个月对小鼠形成恐惧相关记忆的影响。结果表示为僵直时间的平均时间百分比。恐惧记忆的结果充分说明建立的病毒感染神经损伤模型是成功的。
5利用免疫组化检测小鼠神经元损伤
通过免疫荧光染色评估海马神经元树突完整性。使用的抗体是兔抗MAP2用于检测树突和小鼠抗NeuN用于检测神经元核,所用第二抗体依次是山羊抗兔IgG Alexa 488和驴抗小鼠IgG Alexa 594。
图10中,MAP2是神经元树突的标志性蛋白,MAP2抗体荧光的减少说明了神经元网络中树突连接受到了损伤,而树突是记忆形成的基础。嵌合HIV组比对照组MAP2 的表达量明显减少,说明小鼠确实存在神经损伤的病理基础。
6.HIV致神经损伤小动物模型用于抗神经损伤药物测试
小鼠被嵌合HIV或模拟(PBS)感染了21天,然后使动物适应滴鼻胰岛素递送,每天一次滴鼻胰岛素给药(24μL/小鼠)持续5天,然后每天一次滴鼻胰岛素或(PBS) 治疗9天。治疗组(每组10只动物)是PBS+PBS,PBS+胰岛素,嵌合HIV+PBS 和嵌合HIV+胰岛素。在治疗的第2-9天在RAWM中对小鼠进行测试,结果如图5所示。
图11和图12中,PBS注射组+PBS治疗,PBS注射+胰岛素治疗,嵌合HIV 感染+胰岛素治疗组的平均错误次数和潜伏期随着训练明显下降,但是嵌合HIV感染组+PBS治疗组的平均错误次数和潜伏期随着训练无明显变化,说明嵌合HIV感染小鼠的记忆能力受到了损伤;而这种损伤可以被胰岛素治疗后逆转,预示胰岛素可能作为治疗HIV诱导神经损伤的候选药物。图13说明了参与实验的所有小鼠的运动能力和视力均正常;图14显示了小鼠海马CA1区MAP2、NeuN的共聚焦显微镜图像,与PBS+PBS处理的小鼠相比,嵌合HIV+PBS组小鼠的海马树突完整性显著下降,而嵌合HIV+胰岛素组将海马CA1树突MAP2完整性恢复到与PBS+PBS组小鼠相近似的水平。说明胰岛素能够帮助修复受损的树突连接,同时恢复短期工作记忆。
以上描述了本发明优选实施方式,然其并非用以限定本发明。本领域技术人员对在此公开的实施方案可进行并不偏离本发明范畴和精神的改进和变化。
序列表
<110> 武汉科技大学
<120> 一种HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型的建立方法及其用途
<130> CP201163
<141> 2021-03-03
<160> 19
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 10610
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 1
ggtctctctg gttagaccag atttgagcct gggagctctg gctaattagg gaacccactg 60
cttaagcctc aataaagctt gccttgagcg cttcaagtag tgtgtgcccg tctgttgtgt 120
gactctggta actagagatc cctcagatcc gtttagtccg agtgaaaaat ctctagcagt 180
ggcgcccgaa cagggacctg aaagcgaaag tagaaccaga gaagatctct cgacgcagga 240
ctcggcttgc tgaagcgcgc acagcaagag gcgaggggca gcgactggtg agtacgctga 300
aatttttgac tagcggaggc tagaaggaga gagatgggtg cgagagcgtc agtattaagc 360
gggggaaaat tagatacatg ggaaagaatt cggttacggc caggaggaaa gaaaaaatat 420
gcactaaaac atttgatatg ggcaagcagg gagctagaac gatttacact taatcctggc 480
cttttagaga catcagaagg ctgtaaacaa ataataggac agctacaacc atctattcaa 540
acaggatcag aagaaattag atcattatat aatacagtag caaccctcta ttgtgtacat 600
gaaaggatag aggtaaaaga caccaaagaa gctgtagaaa agatggagga agaacaaaac 660
aaaagtaaga aaaagacaca gcaagcagca gctgatagca gccaggtcag ccaaaattac 720
cctatagtgc agaacctaca ggggcaaatg gtacatcagg ccatatcacc tagaactttg 780
aacgcatggg taaaagtaat agaagaaaag gccttcagcc cggaagtaat acccatgttt 840
tcagcattat cagaaggagc caccccacaa gatttaaaca ccatgctaaa cacagtgggg 900
ggacatcaag cagctatgca aatgctaaaa gagaccatca atgacgaagc tgcagaatgg 960
gacagattac atccagtgca tgcagggcct gttgcaccag gccaaatgag agaaccaagg 1020
ggaagtgata tagcaggaac tactagtacc cttcaggaac aaatagcatg gatgacaagc 1080
aacccaccta tcccagtagg agaaatctat aaaagatgga taatcctggg attaaataaa 1140
atagtaagaa tgtatagccc tgtcagcatt ttggacataa gacagggacc aaaggaacct 1200
tttagagact atgtagaccg gttctataaa actctaagag ccgagcaagc ttcacaggat 1260
gtaaaaaact ggatgacaga aaccttgttg gtccaaaatg caaacccaga ttgtaaaact 1320
atcttaaaag cattgggacc acaggctaca ctagaagaaa tgatgacagc atgccaggga 1380
gtgggggggc ccggccataa agcaagagtt ttggctgagg caatgagcca agtaacaggt 1440
tcagctactg cagtaatgat gcagagaggc aattttaagg gcccaagaaa aagtattaag 1500
tgtttcaact gtggcaagga agggcacaca gcaaaaaatt gcagggcccc tagaaaaaag 1560
ggctgttgga aatgcggaag ggaaggacac caaatgaaag attgcactga aagacaggct 1620
aattttttag ggaagatttg gccttcccac aagggaaggc cggggaattt tcttcagagc 1680
agaccagagc caacagcccc accagcagag agcttcgggt ttggggagga gataaccccc 1740
tctcagaaac aggagcagaa agacaaggaa ctgtatcctt tagcttccct caaatcactc 1800
tttggcaacg acccctcgtc acaataaaga tagggggaca gctaaaggaa gctctattag 1860
atacaggagc agatgataca gtattagaag aaataaattt gccaggaaaa tggaagccaa 1920
aaatgatagg gggaattgga ggttttatca aagtaagaca gtatgatcaa atactcatag 1980
aaatctgtgg atataaagct atgggtacag tattagtagg acctacacct gtcaacataa 2040
ttggaagaaa tttgttgacc cagattggct gcactttaaa ttttccaatt agtcctattg 2100
aaactgtacc agtaaaatta aagccaggaa tggatggccc aaaagttaaa caatggccat 2160
tgacagaaga aaaaataaaa gcattaacag aaatttgtac agaaatggaa aaggaaggaa 2220
aaatttcaag aattgggcct gaaaatccat ataatactcc aatatttgcc ataaagaaaa 2280
aagacagtac caagtggaga aaattagtag atttcagaga acttaataag agaactcaag 2340
atttctggga ggttcaatta ggaataccgc atcctgcagg gctgaaaaag aaaaaatcag 2400
taacagtact ggatgtgggt gatgcatatt tctcagttcc cttagatgaa gattttagga 2460
aatataccgc atttaccata cctagtataa acaatgagac accagggatt agatatcagt 2520
acaatgtgct cccacaggga tggaaaggat caccggcaat attccaaagt agcatgacaa 2580
aaatcttaga gccctttaga aaacaaaatc cagaaatagt tatctatcaa tacatggatg 2640
atttgtatgt aggatctgac ttagaaatag ggcagcatag aacaaaaata gaggaattaa 2700
gagaacatct attgaggtgg ggatttacca caccagataa aaaacatcag aaagaacctc 2760
catttctttg gatgggttat gaactccatc ctgataaatg gacagtacag cctataaacc 2820
tgccagaaaa agaaagctgg actgtcaatg atatacagaa gttagtgggg aaattaaact 2880
gggcaagcca gatttatgca ggaattaaag taaagcaatt atgtaaactc cttaggggaa 2940
ccaaagcact aacagaagta gtaccactaa cagaagaagc agaattagaa ctggcagaaa 3000
acagggaaat tctaaaagaa ccagtacatg gagtgtatta tgacccatca aaagacttaa 3060
tagcagaact acagaaacaa ggggacggcc aatggacata ccaaatttat caagaaccat 3120
ttaaaaatct aaaaacagga aagtatgcaa gaacgagggg tgcccacact aatgatgtaa 3180
aacaattaac agaggcagtg caaaaaatag ccacagaaag catagtgata tggggaaaga 3240
ctcctaaatt taaactaccc atacaaaagg aaacatggga aacatggtgg atagagtatt 3300
ggcaagccac ctggattcct gagtgggaat ttgtcaatac ccctccttta gtaaaattat 3360
ggtaccagtt agagaaggaa cccataatag gagcagaaac tttctatgta gatggggcag 3420
ctaatagaga gactaaatta ggaaaagcag gatatgttac tgacagagga agacagaaag 3480
ttgtcccttt cactgacacg acaaatcaga agactgagtt acaagcaatt aatctagctt 3540
tacaggattc gggattagaa gtaaacatag taacagattc acaatatgca ctaggaatca 3600
ttcaagcaca accagataag agtgaatcag agttagtcag tcaaataata gagcagctaa 3660
taaaaaagga aaaggtttac ctggcatggg taccagcaca caaaggaatt ggaggaaatg 3720
aacaagtaga taaattagtc agtcagggaa tcaggaaagt actatttttg gatggaatag 3780
ataaggctca ggaagaacat gagaaatatc acaacaattg gagagcaatg gctagtgatt 3840
ttaacctacc acctgtggta gcgaaagaaa tagtagctag ctgtgataaa tgtcagctaa 3900
aaggagaagc catgcatgga caagtagact gtagtccagg aatatggcaa ttagattgta 3960
cacatctgga aggaaaagtt atcctggtag cagttcatgt agccagtggc tatatagaag 4020
cagaagttat tccagcagaa acggggcaag aaacagcata ctttctctta aaattagcag 4080
gaagatggcc agtaaaagta gtacatacag ataatggcag caatttcacc agtgctacag 4140
ttaaggccgc ctgttggtgg gcagggatca aacaggaatt tggaattccc tacaatcccc 4200
aaagtcaagg agtagtagaa tctatgaata aagaattaaa gaaaattata ggacaggtaa 4260
gagatcaagc tgaacatctt aagacagcag tacaaatggc agtatttatc cacaatttta 4320
aaagaaaagg ggggattggg ggatacagtg caggggaaag aataatagac ataatagcaa 4380
cagacataca aactagagaa ttacaaaaac aaatcataaa aattcaaaat tttcgggttt 4440
attacaggga cagcagagat ccaatttgga aaggaccagc aaagcttctc tggaaaggtg 4500
aaggggcagt agtaatacaa gacaatagtg acataaaggt agtaccaaga agaaaagtaa 4560
agatcattag ggattatgga aaacagatgg caggtgatga ttgtgtggca agtagacagg 4620
atgaggatta acacatggaa aagtttagta aaataccata tgtatgtttc aaagaaagct 4680
aacagatggt tttatagaca tcactatgac agccaccacc caaaaataag ttcagaagta 4740
cacatcccac taggagaagc tagactggta gtaacaacat attggggtct gcatacagga 4800
gaaaaagaat ggcatctggg tcagggagtc tccatagaat ggaggaaaag gagatatagc 4860
acacaagtag accctggcct ggcagaccaa ctaattcata tgtattattt tgattgtttt 4920
gcagaatctg ctataagaaa agccatatta ggacatatag ttagtcctag ttgtgagtat 4980
caagcaggac ataacaaggt aggatcctta cagtatttgg cactagcagc attaatagca 5040
ccaaaaaaga taaagccacc tttgcctagt gttaggaagc taacagaaga tagatggaac 5100
aagccccaga agaccaaggg ccgcagaggg agccatacaa tgaatggaca ttagagcttt 5160
tagaggagct taagagtgaa gctgtcagac attttcctag gatatggctc catagcttag 5220
gacaacatat ctatgaaact tatggggata cctgggcagg tgttgaagct ataataagaa 5280
ttctgcaaca actactgttt attcatttca gaattgggtg tcaacatagc agaataagta 5340
ttactcgaca gagaagagca agaaatggat ccagtagatc ctaatctaga gtcctggaac 5400
catccaggaa gtcagcctag gactgcttgt aataagtgtc attgtaaaaa gtgttgctat 5460
cattgccaag tttgcttcat aacgaaaggc ttaggcatct cctatggcag gaagaagcgg 5520
agacagcgac gaaaacctcc tcaaggcgat caggctcatc aagttcctat accagagcag 5580
taagtattcc atgtaatgca acctttagtg ataatagcaa tagcagcatt agtagtagca 5640
ataataatag caatagttgt gtggaccata gtatacatag aatataggag gataaaaagg 5700
caaagaaaaa tagactgttt aattgataga ataagagaaa gagcagaaga cagtggcaat 5760
gagagcgagg gagaaagaga ggaattgtca aaacttgtgg aaatggggca tcatgctcct 5820
tgggatgttg atgacctgta gtgctgcgcg ttcaacgctc tcaaaacccc ttaaaaataa 5880
ggttaacccg cgaggccccc taatcccctt aattcttctg atgctcagag gggtcagtac 5940
tgcttcgccc ggctccagtc ctcatcaagt ctataatatc acctgggagg taaccaatgg 6000
agatcgggag acggtatggg caacttctgg caaccaccct ctgtggacct ggtggcctga 6060
ccttacccca gatttatgta tgttagccca ccatggacca tcttattggg ggctagaata 6120
tcaatcccct ttttcttctc ccccggggcc cccttgttgc tcagggggca gcagcccagg 6180
ctgttccaga gactgcgaag aacctttaac ctccctcacc cctcggtgca acactgcctg 6240
gaacagactc aagctagacc agacaactca taaatcaaat gagggatttt atgtttgccc 6300
cgggccccac cgcccccgag aatccaagtc atgtgggggt ccagactcct tctactgtgc 6360
ctattggggc tgtgagacaa ccggtagagc ttactggaag ccctcctcat catgggattt 6420
catcacagta aacaacaatc tcacctctga ccaggctgtc caggtatgca aagataataa 6480
gtggtgcaac cccttagtta ttcggtttac agacgccggg agacgggtta cttcctggac 6540
cacaggacat tactggggct tacgtttgta tgtctccgga caagatccag ggcttacatt 6600
tgggatccga ctcagatacc aaaatctagg accccgcgtc ccaatagggc caaaccccgt 6660
tctggcagac caacagccac tctccaagcc caaacctgtt aagtcgcctt cagtcaccaa 6720
accacccagt gggtgtgata cctcaaccat tacacaggct tgtccaaaga tatcctttga 6780
accaattccc atacattttt gtgccccagc tggttttgca attctaaagt gtagagataa 6840
gaagttcaat gggacaggcc catgctcaaa tgtcagcaca gtacaatgta cacatggaat 6900
tagaccagtg gtgtcaactc aactgctgtt gaatggcagt ctagcagaag aagagatcat 6960
aattagatct gaaaatctca caaacaatgt taaaaccata atagtacagc ttaatgcatc 7020
tatagtaatt aattgtacaa ggccctacaa atatacaagg caaaggacat cgataggact 7080
aaggcaatca ctctatacaa taacaggaaa aaagaagaaa acaggataca taggacaagc 7140
acattgtaaa attagcagag cagaatggaa taaagcttta caacaggtag ctacaaaact 7200
aggaaacctt cttaacaaaa caacaataac ttttaagcca tcctcaggag gggacccaga 7260
aattacatca cacatgctta attgtggagg ggacttcttc tactgtaata catcaagact 7320
gtttaatagt acatggaatc agactaatag tacagggttc aataatggca cagtcacact 7380
cccatgcaga ataaaacaaa ttgtaaactt gtggcagaga gtaggaaaag caatgtatgc 7440
ccctcccatc gaaggactaa ttaaatgttc atcaaatatt acagggctac tattaacaag 7500
agatggtggt gcaaataata gttctcatga gaccatcaga cctggaggag gagatatgag 7560
ggacaattgg agaagtgaat tatataaata taaagtagta aaaattgaac caataggagt 7620
agcacccacc aaggcaagga gaagagtggt gccggcggga acggaaaata ggctgctaaa 7680
cttagtagac ggagcctacc aagccctcaa cctcaccagt cctgacaaaa cccaagagtg 7740
ctggttgtgt ctagtagcgg gaccccccta ctacgaaggg gttgccgtcc tgggtaccta 7800
ctccaaccat acctctgctc cagccaactg ctccgtggcc tcccaacaca agttgaccct 7860
gtccgaagtg accggacagg gactctgcat aggagcagtt cccaaaacac atcaggccct 7920
atgtaatacc acccagacaa gcagtcgagg gtcctattat ctagttgccc ctacaggtac 7980
catgtgggct tgtagtaccg ggcttactcc atgcatctcc accaccatac tgaaccttac 8040
cactgattat tgtgttcttg tcgaactctg gccaagagtc acctatcatt cccccagcta 8100
tgtttacggc ctgtttgaga gatccaaccg acacaaaaga gaaccggtgt cgttaaccct 8160
ggccctatta ttgggtggac taaccatggg gggaattgcc gctggaatag gaacagggac 8220
tactgctcta atggccactc agcaattcca gcagctccaa gccgcagtac aggatgatct 8280
cagggaggtt gaaaaatcaa tctctaacct agaaaagtct ctcacttccc tgtctgaagt 8340
tgtcctacag aatcgaaggg gcctagactt gttatttcta aaagaaggag ggctgtgtgc 8400
tgctctaaaa gaagaatgtt gcttctatgc ggaccacaca ggactagtga gagacagcat 8460
ggccaaattg agagagaggc ttaatcagag acagaaactg tttgagtcaa ctcaaggatg 8520
gtttgaggga ctgtttaaca gatccccttg gtttaccacc ttgatatcta ccattatggg 8580
acccctcatt gtactcctaa tgattttgct cttcggaccc tgcattctta atcgattagt 8640
ccaatttgtt aaagacagga tatcagtggt ccaggctcta gttttgactc aacaatatca 8700
ccagctgaag cctatagagt acgagccata gataggacta ggagctgtgt tccttgggtt 8760
cttgggagca gcaggaagca cgatgggcgc agcgtcagtg acgctgacgg tacaggccag 8820
acagttaatg tctggtatag tgcaccagca aaacaatttg ctgagggcta tagaggcgca 8880
acaacatctg ttgcaactca cggtctgggg cattaaacag ctccaggcaa gagtcctggc 8940
tgtggaaaga tacctaaggg atcaacagct cctaggaatt tggggttgct ctggaaggca 9000
catttgcacc actaatgtac cctggaactc tagttggagt aatagatctc tagatgagat 9060
ttggcagaac atgacctgga tggagtggga aagagaaatt gacaattaca caggcttaat 9120
atacagctta attgaagaat cgcagatcca gcaagaaaag aatgaaaaag aattattgga 9180
attggacaaa tgggcaagtt tgtggaattg gtttagcata acaaaatggc tgtggtatat 9240
aaaattattc ataatgatag taggaggcct gataggttta agaatagttt ttgctgtgct 9300
ttctgtagta aatagagtta ggcagggata ctcacctctg tcatttcaga ccctcctccc 9360
agtcccgagg ggacccgaca ggcccgaaga aatagaagaa gaaggtggag agcgaggcag 9420
agacagatcc attcgattgg tgaacggatt atttgcactt ttctgggacg acctgaggaa 9480
cctgtgcctc ttcagctacc accgcttgag agactcaatc ttaattgcag cgaggattgt 9540
ggaacttctg ggacgcaggg ggtgggaagc cctcaaatac ctgtggaacc tcctgcagta 9600
ttggagtcag gaactgagga atagtgctag tagcttgctt gataccatag caatagcagt 9660
agctgagagg acagataggg ttatagaagt agtacaaaga gcttgcagag ctattcttaa 9720
cgtacccaga agaataagac agggcttgga aaggcttttg ctataaaatg ggtggcaaat 9780
ggtcaaaaag tagtttagtt ggatggcctg ctataaggga aagaataaga aaaactgatc 9840
cagcagcaga tggggtagga gcagtatctc gagacctgga aaaacatggg gcaatcacaa 9900
gtagcaatac agcaagtact aatgatacct gtgcatggct ggaagcacaa gaggagagcg 9960
aggaggtggg ctttccagtt agacctcagg tacctttaag accaatgact tacaaagaag 10020
ctgttgatct tagccacttt ttaaaagaaa aggggggact ggaagggcta atttggtcca 10080
agaaaagaca agagatcctt gatctttggg tctacaacac acaaggcatc ttccccgatt 10140
ggcagaacta cacaccaggg ccagggatca gatacccact gacctttgga tggtgcttcc 10200
agctagtacc agttgatcca caggaggtag aagaggccac tgaaagagag gacaactgct 10260
tgttacaccc tatgtgccag caaggaatgg aggacccgga gagacaagtg ttaatgtgga 10320
gatttaacag cagactagca cttgagcaca aggcccgaga gctgcatccg gagttctaca 10380
aagactgctg acatcgagtt tcctacaagg gactttccgc tggggacttt ccagggaggc 10440
gtggcctggg cgggacttgg gagtggctaa ccctcagatg ctgcatataa gcagctgctt 10500
ttcgcctgta ctgggtctct ctggttagac cagatttgag cctgggagct ctctggctaa 10560
ttagggaacc cactgcttaa gcctcaataa agcttgcctt gagtgcttca 10610
<210> 2
<211> 30
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 2
tggtagcgaa agaaatgata gctagctgtg 30
<210> 3
<211> 42
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 3
gagcgttgaa cgcgcagcac tacaggtcat caacatccca ag 42
<210> 4
<211> 40
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 4
atgacctgtt gagctgcgcg ttcaacgctc tcaaaacccc 40
<210> 5
<211> 42
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 5
agctcctagt cctatctatg gctcgtactc tattggcttc ag 42
<210> 6
<211> 42
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 6
gagtacgagc catagatagg actaggagct gtgttccttg gg 42
<210> 7
<211> 28
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 7
ccaggtctcg agatactgct cctacccc 28
<210> 8
<211> 30
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 8
tggtagcgaa agaaatgata gctagctgtg 30
<210> 9
<211> 52
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 9
tacccatacg atgttccaga ttacgcttgt gatacctcaa ccattacaca gg 52
<210> 10
<211> 50
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 10
agcgtaatct ggaacatcgt atgggtaccc actgggtggt ttggtgactg 50
<210> 11
<211> 36
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 11
ggagaagagt ggtgccggcg ggaacggaaa ataggc 36
<210> 12
<211> 36
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 12
ccgttcccgc cggcaccact cttctccttg ccttgg 36
<210> 13
<211> 28
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 13
ccaggtctcg agatactgct cctacccc 28
<210> 14
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 14
tgggaccaca ggctacacta ga 22
<210> 15
<211> 23
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 15
cagccaaaac tcttgcttta tgg 23
<210> 16
<211> 24
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 16
tgatgacagc atgccaggga gtgg 24
<210> 17
<211> 19
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 17
aagaggcgag gggcagcga 19
<210> 18
<211> 32
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 18
tctttacttt tcttcttggt actaccttta tg 32
<210> 19
<211> 23
<212> DNA
<213> 未知(Unknown)
<400> 19
agtagtaata caagacaata gtg 23
Claims (3)
1. 一种HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型的建立方法,其特征在于小鼠腹腔接种嵌合HIV病毒或者小鼠用异氟醚麻醉后尾静脉注射嵌合HIV病毒,所述嵌合HIV病毒的核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO.1所示的核苷酸序列。
2.权利要求1所述HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型用于抗HIV相关神经损伤药物的药效测定和药理学研究的应用。
3.权利要求1所述HIV感染致神经损伤动物模型在抗HIV相关神经损伤药物的筛选中的应用。
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