CN113142246A - Deodorization and bacteriostasis composite material, preparation method and field toilet using same - Google Patents
Deodorization and bacteriostasis composite material, preparation method and field toilet using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN113142246A CN113142246A CN202110328235.3A CN202110328235A CN113142246A CN 113142246 A CN113142246 A CN 113142246A CN 202110328235 A CN202110328235 A CN 202110328235A CN 113142246 A CN113142246 A CN 113142246A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/34—Aspergillus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/01—Deodorant compositions
- A61L9/014—Deodorant compositions containing sorbent material, e.g. activated carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/02—Odour removal or prevention of malodour
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of outdoor vehicle-mounted toilets, in particular to a deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material, a preparation method and a field toilet using the same; the deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material comprises 80% of a first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material and 20% of a second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material in percentage by mass; the deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material is composed of two deodorizing and bacteriostatic materials with completely different characteristics, can deodorize and bacteriostatic excrement more comprehensively, is a natural environment-friendly material as a sheet component, is harmless to people and livestock, can continuously exert the effect of fixing and decomposing odor molecules, is applied to a field toilet, can treat excrement sewage in the field toilet, can recycle internal water sources, and can discharge less sewage in the field toilet and avoid environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of outdoor vehicle-mounted toilets, in particular to a deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material, a preparation method and a field toilet using the same.
Background
The field toilet is a vehicle-mounted human body excrement treatment device which is structurally convenient to disassemble and assemble in the field, and because the requirement on vehicle and mobility is very high, the field toilet can not rely on an external water source to flush the toilet when being assembled and applied, only can obtain flushing water suitable for flushing the toilet by mainly relying on an internal excrement treatment system, and can meet the normal operation of the field toilet in the outdoor by realizing the water circulation in the field toilet.
When the field toilet is applied outdoors, the environmental temperature is between-41 ℃ and 46 ℃, the packing toilet is simple in structure, high in reliability, small in size, light in weight and convenient to carry, is an excrement treatment device matched with field operators such as field troops, needs to meet the requirement of internal water source recycling, needs to discharge less sewage as much as possible, is convenient to quickly pack and carry the sewage in the application process of the field toilet, and further realizes that the field toilet does not need external water source addition in the outdoor application and does not pollute the outdoors; in order to meet the above application requirements for a field toilet, a fecal treatment system for a field toilet is required to have a comprehensive fecal treatment function. Although the prior art has presented technologies for treating human or livestock feces, when these technologies are applied to the field toilet, it is difficult to satisfy the technical requirements of the field toilet for treating feces such as taste, color and discharge amount, so how to improve the feces treatment capacity of the field toilet becomes a technical problem in practical application of the field toilet.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects, the invention aims to provide a deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material, a preparation method thereof and a field toilet using the same.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a deodorization and bacteriostasis composite material comprises 80 percent of first deodorization and bacteriostasis material and 20 percent of second deodorization and bacteriostasis material in percentage by mass; the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-55% of activated biomass supercritical liquefaction residues, 15-25% of activated carbon, 10-15% of bran and 10-15% of organic calcium; the second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material is formed by uniformly mixing protein degrading strains, starch degrading strains and cellulose degrading strains in a mass percentage of 1:1: 1; wherein the protein degradation strain is bacillus subtilis; the starch degrading strain is aspergillus niger; the cellulose degradation strain is bacillus ginseng.
Specifically, the organic calcium is one or more of calcium formate, calcium benzoate, calcium acetate and calcium propionate.
Specifically, the biomass is oyster shell or cedar wood chips.
The preparation method for preparing the deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material preparation stage:
A. adding crushed biomass, a liquefaction solvent and a catalyst into a high-pressure closed reaction kettle, carrying out liquefaction reaction under inert atmosphere, and removing residues of liquefied oil to obtain biomass supercritical liquefaction residues;
B. b, paving the biomass supercritical liquefaction residues obtained in the step A on a circulating fluidized bed, and baking the biomass supercritical liquefaction residues in an inert atmosphere at the baking temperature of 130 ℃ for 100min to obtain activated biomass supercritical liquefaction residues;
the second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material preparation stage:
C. respectively activating and culturing the protein degrading strain, the starch degrading strain and the cellulose degrading strain, and adjusting the bacteria content of each strain to be more than or equal to 109CFU/mL to respectively obtain bacteria liquid of the protein degrading strain, the starch degrading strain and the cellulose degrading strain;
D. mixing the bacterial liquids of the protein degrading strain, the starch degrading strain and the cellulose degrading strain obtained in the step 1 according to the mass percentage ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a liquid microbial agent; wherein the viable count of the liquid microbial agent is more than or equal to 4.5 multiplied by 109 CFU/mL;
E. d, adding the liquid microbial agent obtained in the step D into 1 kg of attachment carrier according to per liter of bacterial liquid, and uniformly mixing according to the proportion that 50g of fermentation primer is added into each 1 kg of attachment carrier;
culturing at constant temperature until the water content is 45% to obtain solid microbial inoculum; wherein the viable count of the solid microbial agent is more than or equal to 4.5 multiplied by 109 CFU/g.
Specifically, in the preparation stage of the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material, the liquefied solvent is diethyl ether or acetone; the catalyst is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, and the ratio of the biomass to the liquefied solvent to the catalyst is 10g to 60mL to 1 g; the temperature of the liquefaction reaction is 200 ℃, the pressure is 15MPa, and the time is 80 min.
Specifically, the attachment carrier in the step E is sawdust or zeolite with uniform particle size subjected to sterilization treatment; the fermentation primer is glucose or sucrose; the constant-temperature culture specifically comprises the following steps: drying for 24 hours at the constant temperature of 30 ℃.
Specifically, in the step C, the bacillus subtilis, the lysine bacillus borate and the ginseng bacillus are respectively activated in an LB solid slant culture medium; then respectively inoculating the strains into LB liquid culture medium for culture, culturing for 30 hours in a constant temperature incubator at 35 ℃, and adjusting the bacterium content of each strain to be more than or equal to 109 CFU/mL; respectively activating aspergillus niger and monad fungi in a PDA solid slant culture medium; then respectively inoculating the strains into PDA liquid culture medium for culture for 100 hours in a constant temperature incubator at 35 ℃, wherein the bacterium content of each strain is more than or equal to 109 CFU/mL.
Specifically, the LB solid slant culture medium comprises the following formula: 8g of tryptone, 3g of yeast extract powder, 5g of sodium chloride and 10g of agar are added into each 500mL of deionized water, and the pH value is 7.0; the PDA solid slant culture medium comprises the following components: 100g of potato, 10g of glucose and 10g of agar are put into every 500mL of water, and the pH value is 6.0-8.0.
Use field operations lavatory of deodorization antibacterial combined material as above-mentioned, it includes: a fecal management system; the excrement treatment system sequentially comprises a first deodorization groove and a second deodorization groove; base materials are laid in the first deodorization groove and the second deodorization groove, and the base materials are oyster shells or fir blocks; the first deodorization tank is filled with the first deodorization antibacterial material, and the second deodorization tank is filled with the second deodorization antibacterial material.
Preferably, the field toilet further comprises a urinal base and a cover body which can be detachably covered above the urinal base; the sewage discharge port of the urinal base is communicated with the sewage treatment system, and the sewage treatment system is sequentially provided with a disintegrating device, an anaerobic decomposition tank, an aerobic biological oxidation reaction tank, a deodorizing device and an organic non-decomposition tank along the flowing direction of excrement; the deodorization device is internally provided with the first deodorization groove and the second deodorization groove in sequence.
The deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material is formed by combining two deodorizing and bacteriostatic materials; the main component of the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material is activated biomass supercritical liquefaction residues, the biomass supercritical liquefaction residues are the second big product of the biomass liquefaction process, and the surface of the biomass supercritical liquefaction residues contains rich carbon and oxygen functional groups, such as: carbonyl, carboxyl, aryl and hydroxyl, and the groups are potential binding groups of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. In the invention, various activation methods are used, and the discovery is that after the residues of the wood chips subjected to supercritical liquefaction are baked at low temperature under the anoxic condition, because cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, protein, fatty acid compounds, starch and carbohydrates are degraded to different degrees, ash and extracts generated in the pyrolysis process, intermediate products of hemicellulose and lignin decomposition, and the like, and the binding capacity of the intermediate products with odor molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas, and the like is greatly stronger than that of the cellulose, the hemicellulose, the lignin, and the like. The principle of the method is that compared with macromolecular organic matters, the pyrolyzed low molecular organic matters are enriched in C-C and C-H bonds, have higher binding capacity and binding stability with odor molecules and have stronger reaction activity on the odor molecules, so that the lasting deodorization effect is greatly improved; and the C/N ratio is higher, so that the volatilization of NH3 in the excrement or the compost can be reduced. In addition, after pyrolysis activation is carried out on residues of camphor wood chips and cedar wood chips subjected to supercritical liquefaction, the tunnel structure is damaged to a certain extent, and the small pore structure is increased, so that the specific surface area is increased, and the adsorption efficiency of odor molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia gas and the like is improved; in addition, the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material also comprises 15-25% of activated carbon, 10-15% of bran and 10-15% of organic calcium, wherein the bran can adjust the C/N ratio of compost materials or livestock and poultry excrement, and the organic calcium has excellent desulfurization and denitrification performance, can assist in decomposition of odor molecules and can play a good role in sulfur fixation and sterilization; the active carbon is a material with good adsorption performance, and the porous structure of the active carbon can play a good role in deodorization. The addition and the optimized proportion of the components of the auxiliary components can ensure that the deodorizing effective components in the activated biomass supercritical liquefaction residues and the auxiliary components can fully react with odor molecules, thereby greatly improving the deodorizing effect.
The second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material is a composite microbial agent prepared from screened protein degrading microorganisms, starch degrading microorganisms and cellulose degrading microorganisms, is directly used for solving the problem of odor in modes of odor excrement and the like, and is simple in use, remarkable in effect, low in cost, safe and environment-friendly. Specifically, the bacterial strain in the microbial inoculum is taken from a humus layer in a natural environment, does not bring harm to the environment and ecology of a use place, and accords with biological safety regulations. The combination of various functional strains such as protein degrading microorganisms, starch degrading microorganisms and cellulose degrading microorganisms can quickly and fully degrade starch, protein, cellulose and other source substances forming foul smell, and the deodorization effect is obvious, and meanwhile, the deodorization device has the advantages of wide adaptability and strong durability; the product has various forms, long service life, convenient storage and transportation and easy commercial sale.
According to the content, the invention provides a deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material, a preparation method and a field toilet using the same, wherein the deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material consists of two deodorizing and bacteriostatic materials with completely different characteristics, can more comprehensively deodorize and bacteriostatic excrement, is a natural environment-friendly material as a sheet component, is harmless to people and livestock, can continuously play a role in fixedly decomposing odor molecules, can recycle an internal water source after the excrement sewage in the field toilet is treated after being applied to the field toilet, discharges less sewage in the field toilet, and does not pollute the environment.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
A deodorization and bacteriostasis composite material comprises 80 percent of first deodorization and bacteriostasis material and 20 percent of second deodorization and bacteriostasis material in percentage by mass; the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-55% of activated biomass supercritical liquefaction residues, 15-25% of activated carbon, 10-15% of bran and 10-15% of organic calcium; the second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material is formed by uniformly mixing protein degrading strains, starch degrading strains and cellulose degrading strains in a mass percentage of 1:1: 1; wherein the protein degradation strain is Bacillus subtilis; the starch degrading strain is Aspergillus niger; the cellulose degradation strain is Bacillus ginseng gensosoli.
The preparation method for preparing the deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material preparation stage:
A. adding crushed biomass, a liquefaction solvent and a catalyst into a high-pressure closed reaction kettle, carrying out liquefaction reaction under inert atmosphere, and removing residues of liquefied oil to obtain the biomass supercritical liquefaction residues.
B. And B, paving the biomass supercritical liquefaction residues obtained in the step A on a circulating fluidized bed, and baking the biomass supercritical liquefaction residues in an inert atmosphere at the baking temperature of 130 ℃ for 100min to obtain activated biomass supercritical liquefaction residues.
The liquefied solvent is diethyl ether or acetone; the catalyst is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, and the ratio of the biomass to the liquefied solvent to the catalyst is 10g to 60mL to 1 g; the temperature of the liquefaction reaction is 200 ℃, the pressure is 15MPa, and the time is 80 min.
The second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material preparation stage:
C. respectively activating and culturing the protein degrading strain, the starch degrading strain and the cellulose degrading strain, and adjusting the bacteria content of each strain to be more than or equal to 109CFU/mL to respectively obtain bacteria liquid of the protein degrading strain, the starch degrading strain and the cellulose degrading strain; specifically, bacillus subtilis, lysine bacillus borate and bacillus ginseng are respectively activated in an LB solid slant culture medium; then respectively inoculating the strains into LB liquid culture medium for culture, culturing for 30 hours in a constant temperature incubator at 35 ℃, and adjusting the bacterium content of each strain to be more than or equal to 109 CFU/mL; respectively activating aspergillus niger and monad fungi in a PDA solid slant culture medium; then respectively inoculating the strains into a PDA liquid culture medium for culture, and culturing for 100 hours in a constant temperature incubator at 35 ℃, wherein the bacterium content of each strain is more than or equal to 109 CFU/mL; the LB solid slant culture medium formula is: 8g of tryptone, 3g of yeast extract powder, 5g of sodium chloride and 10g of agar are added into each 500mL of deionized water, and the pH value is 7.0; the PDA solid slant culture medium comprises the following components: 100g of potato, 10g of glucose and 10g of agar are put into every 500mL of water, and the pH value is 6.0-8.0.
D. Mixing the bacterial liquids of the protein degrading strain, the starch degrading strain and the cellulose degrading strain obtained in the step 1 according to the mass percentage ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a liquid microbial agent; wherein the viable count of the liquid microbial agent is more than or equal to 4.5 multiplied by 109 CFU/mL.
E. D, adding the liquid microbial agent obtained in the step D into 1 kg of attachment carrier according to per liter of bacterial liquid, and uniformly mixing according to the proportion that 50g of fermentation primer is added into each 1 kg of attachment carrier; culturing at constant temperature until the water content is 45% to obtain solid microbial inoculum; wherein the viable count of the solid microbial agent is more than or equal to 4.5 multiplied by 109 CFU/g; specifically, the attachment carrier is sawdust or zeolite with uniform particle size after sterilization treatment; the fermentation primer is glucose or sucrose; the constant-temperature culture specifically comprises the following steps: drying for 24 hours at the constant temperature of 30 ℃.
The field toilet applying the deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material comprises: the excrement treatment system, the urinal base and the cover body which can be detachably covered above the urinal base; the excrement treatment system sequentially comprises a first deodorization groove and a second deodorization groove; base materials are laid in the first deodorization groove and the second deodorization groove, and the base materials are oyster shells or fir blocks; the first deodorization and bacteriostasis material is filled in the first deodorization groove, and the second deodorization and bacteriostasis material is filled in the second deodorization groove; the sewage discharge port of the urinal base is communicated with the sewage treatment system, and the sewage treatment system is sequentially provided with a disintegrating device, an anaerobic decomposition tank, an aerobic biological oxidation reaction tank, a deodorizing device and an organic non-decomposition tank along the flowing direction of excrement; the first deodorizing groove and the second deodorizing groove are sequentially arranged in the deodorizing device; specifically, the disintegrating device, the anaerobic decomposition tank, the aerobic biological oxidation reaction tank and the organic non-decomposition tank are the existing functional modules; the breaking device is used for breaking solid in the excrement; the anaerobic decomposition tank utilizes the anaerobic digestion function of microorganisms to homogenize and soften organic plankton and reduce load, and aerobic organisms are sent to the aerobic organism oxidation reaction tank through a constant digestion decomposition filtering device compared with inflow; the aerobic biological reaction tank generates aerobic oxidation action through the activation of a bioreactor and adsorption culture microorganisms, sewage is subjected to air contact aeration oxidation decomposition organic matters and is removed, and aerobic and anaerobic alternation is carried out through an automatic control device by an intermittent aeration method; the deodorization device is used for catalyzing sewage to carry out deodorization, bacteriostasis and filtration treatment, and the deodorization and decoloration material arranged in the deodorization device can be replaced or added according to the actual application condition; the organic decomposition tank continuously decomposes and destroys floating organic matters in the sewage. After the human body excrement is treated by the sewage treatment system, the produced liquid is colorless and odorless and can be directly used for flushing the toilet, so that the field toilet completely realizes the recycling of internal water sources.
The application effect test of the deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
respectively placing 50g of human excrement samples into eight reaction tanks with the height of 20cm and the diameter of 30cm, wherein no deodorizing and bacteriostat is added into the first reaction tank, and measuring the indole concentration, the skatole concentration and the ammonia gas concentration after 24 hours to obtain a detection result 3 which is used as a blank control group; adding 20g of commercial deodorizing bacteriostatic agent into the second reaction tank, and measuring the indole concentration, the skatole concentration and the ammonia gas concentration after 24 hours to obtain a detection result 2; adding 20g of the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material into the third reaction tank, and measuring the indole concentration, the skatole concentration and the ammonia gas concentration after 24 hours to obtain a detection result 3; adding 20g of second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material into the fourth reaction tank, and measuring the indole concentration, the skatole concentration and the ammonia gas concentration after 24 hours to obtain a detection result 4; adding 10g of first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material into a fifth reaction tank, adding 10g of second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material into the fifth reaction tank after 12 hours, and measuring the indole concentration, the skatole concentration and the ammonia gas concentration after 12 hours to obtain a detection result 5; adding 16g of first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material into a sixth reaction tank, adding 4g of second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material into the sixth reaction tank after 12 hours, and measuring the indole concentration, the skatole concentration and the ammonia gas concentration after 12 hours to obtain a detection result 6; adding 20g of first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material into a seventh reaction tank, adding 4g of second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material into a sixth reaction tank after 12 hours, and measuring the indole concentration, the skatole concentration and the ammonia gas concentration after 12 hours to obtain a detection result 7; and (3) adding 16g of first deodorizing and antibacterial material into the eighth reaction tank, adding 10g of second deodorizing and antibacterial material into the sixth reaction tank after 12 hours, and measuring the indole concentration, the skatole concentration and the ammonia gas concentration after 12 hours to obtain a detection result 8, wherein the measurement result is shown in the following table.
From the above table, compared with the control group, the indole concentration, skatole concentration and ammonia concentration in the five groups of detection results with the deodorizing and bacteriostatic material are all obviously reduced. The comparison of the detection results 2, 3 and 4 shows that the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material and the second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material have better bacteriostatic and deodorizing effects than the commercially available deodorizing and bacteriostatic material; according to the comparison between the detection result 5 and the detection results 3 and 4, the deodorization and bacteriostasis effects of the first deodorization and bacteriostasis material and the second deodorization and bacteriostasis material are better when the first deodorization and bacteriostasis material and the second deodorization and bacteriostasis material are mixed and applied; from the comparison of the detection results 5, 6 and 7, it can be known that when the total amount of the quantitative deodorizing and bacteriostatic materials in the fecal treatment system is within the range, the mass percentage of the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material and the mass percentage of the second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material in the invention are 80%: when the deodorization and bacteriostasis effect of the field toilet is 20%, the deodorization and bacteriostasis effect of the field toilet is greatly improved, the amount of the first deodorization and bacteriostasis material or the second deodorization and bacteriostasis material can be further increased in order to further improve the bacteriostasis efficiency, but the deodorization and bacteriostasis effect cannot be improved to the maximum extent without limiting the increase of the amount of the deodorization and bacteriostasis material, and the application cost of the field toilet can be caused.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort, which would fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material is characterized by comprising 80% of a first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material and 20% of a second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material in percentage by mass;
the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-55% of activated biomass supercritical liquefaction residues, 15-25% of activated carbon, 10-15% of bran and 10-15% of organic calcium;
the second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material is formed by uniformly mixing protein degrading strains, starch degrading strains and cellulose degrading strains in a mass percentage of 1:1: 1; wherein the protein degradation strain is bacillus subtilis; the starch degrading strain is aspergillus niger; the cellulose degradation strain is bacillus ginseng.
2. A deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material according to claim 1 wherein the organic calcium is one or more of calcium formate, calcium benzoate, calcium acetate and calcium propionate.
3. The composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biomass is oyster shell or cedar wood flour.
4. A method for preparing a deodorizing bacteriostatic composite according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material preparation stage:
A. adding crushed biomass, a liquefaction solvent and a catalyst into a high-pressure closed reaction kettle, carrying out liquefaction reaction under inert atmosphere, and removing residues of liquefied oil to obtain biomass supercritical liquefaction residues;
B. b, paving the biomass supercritical liquefaction residues obtained in the step A on a circulating fluidized bed, and baking the biomass supercritical liquefaction residues in an inert atmosphere at the baking temperature of 130 ℃ for 100min to obtain activated biomass supercritical liquefaction residues;
the second deodorizing and bacteriostatic material preparation stage:
C. respectively activating and culturing the protein degrading strain, the starch degrading strain and the cellulose degrading strain, and adjusting the bacteria content of each strain to be more than or equal to 109CFU/mL to respectively obtain bacteria liquid of the protein degrading strain, the starch degrading strain and the cellulose degrading strain;
D. mixing the bacterial liquids of the protein degrading strain, the starch degrading strain and the cellulose degrading strain obtained in the step 1 according to the mass percentage ratio of 1:1:1 to obtain a liquid microbial agent; wherein the viable count of the liquid microbial agent is more than or equal to 4.5 multiplied by 109 CFU/mL;
E. d, adding the liquid microbial agent obtained in the step D into 1 kg of attachment carrier according to per liter of bacterial liquid, and uniformly mixing according to the proportion that 50g of fermentation primer is added into each 1 kg of attachment carrier;
culturing at constant temperature until the water content is 45% to obtain solid microbial inoculum; wherein the viable count of the solid microbial agent is more than or equal to 4.5 multiplied by 109 CFU/g.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the liquefied solvent in the first deodorizing and bacteriostatic material preparation stage is diethyl ether or acetone; the catalyst is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, and the ratio of the biomass to the liquefied solvent to the catalyst is 10g to 60mL to 1 g; the temperature of the liquefaction reaction is 200 ℃, the pressure is 15MPa, and the time is 80 min.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the carrier is sterilized sawdust or zeolite with uniform particle size; the fermentation primer is glucose or sucrose;
the constant-temperature culture specifically comprises the following steps: drying for 24 hours at the constant temperature of 30 ℃.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step C, Bacillus subtilis, Lysinobacter boragenes and Bacillus ginseng are activated in LB solid slant medium; then respectively inoculating the strains into LB liquid culture medium for culture, culturing for 30 hours in a constant temperature incubator at 35 ℃, and adjusting the bacterium content of each strain to be more than or equal to 109 CFU/mL;
respectively activating aspergillus niger and monad fungi in a PDA solid slant culture medium; then respectively inoculating the strains into PDA liquid culture medium for culture for 100 hours in a constant temperature incubator at 35 ℃, wherein the bacterium content of each strain is more than or equal to 109 CFU/mL.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the LB solid slant medium is formulated as follows: 8g of tryptone, 3g of yeast extract powder, 5g of sodium chloride and 10g of agar are added into each 500mL of deionized water, and the pH value is 7.0;
the PDA solid slant culture medium comprises the following components: 100g of potato, 10g of glucose and 10g of agar are put into every 500mL of water, and the pH value is 6.0-8.0.
9. A field toilet using the deodorizing and bacteriostatic composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: a fecal management system; the excrement treatment system sequentially comprises a first deodorization groove and a second deodorization groove; base materials are laid in the first deodorization groove and the second deodorization groove; the base material is oyster shell or fir block;
the first deodorization tank is filled with the first deodorization antibacterial material, and the second deodorization tank is filled with the second deodorization antibacterial material.
10. The field toilet of claim 9, further comprising a urinal base and a cover removably disposed over the urinal base; the sewage discharge port of the urinal base is communicated with the sewage treatment system, and the sewage treatment system is sequentially provided with a disintegrating device, an anaerobic decomposition tank, an aerobic biological oxidation reaction tank, a deodorizing device and an organic non-decomposition tank along the flowing direction of excrement; the deodorization device is internally provided with the first deodorization groove and the second deodorization groove in sequence.
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Application publication date: 20210723 |