CN113142007A - Method for determining specification of minimum earth ball for transplanting large-size full-crown arbor - Google Patents
Method for determining specification of minimum earth ball for transplanting large-size full-crown arbor Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for determining the specification of a minimum soil ball for transplanting a large-specification full-crown arbor, which comprises the steps of carrying out image recognition on a root system by using a radar, and determining the basic shape of a soil ball dug during transplanting; under the condition of ensuring the survival rate of the transplanted plants, constructing a multiple linear regression equation to estimate the volume of the soil balls; and establishing a proportional relation of each parameter value of the volume of the soil ball according to the root system type and the spatial distribution of the nursery stock, and further obtaining the length, the width and the depth of the minimum digging soil ball. The method can reduce root damage to the maximum extent, ensures timely recovery and survival of the transplanted nursery stock, saves transportation cost and accurately provides matched maintenance management measures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of full-crown arbor transplanting, in particular to a method for determining the minimum earth ball specification of large-size full-crown arbor transplanting.
Background
With the improvement of the development demand of the landscaping industry, the transplantation of large-size full-crown arbors becomes a main way for realizing the landscaping and fast forest establishment. The general seedling transplanting survival rate determines the progress of the whole engineering quality and the decision of the engineering cost, wherein the determination of the soil ball specification is the first link in the seedling transplanting process and is also the main factor for determining the seedling survival rate. At present, certain experience is accumulated in the industry in the aspect of transplanting large-size full-crown trees, but most of the large-size full-crown trees have no quantitative index, and the specification of the transplanted soil ball is usually calculated by experience or according to the ground diameter and the breast diameter of the tree, for example, the specification is calculated according to a formula D (J + K (D-3)), wherein: d is the diameter of the soil ball; j- - -Changsha 24; d- -diameter of the trunk (ground diameter) at the ground; k- - -constant, transplanted big tree is evergreen tree potential, K is 4, and when the tree leaves, K is 5. In the actual excavation, conditions such as transportation, economy and the like are considered, so that the size of the soil ball of the transplanted nursery stock is too small, and the death rate is increased.
The full-crown transplanting of large-size arbors by using a more scientific theoretical technology is a precondition for reasonable development and utilization of forest resources. Brouwer first proposed the theory of plant root cap function balance in 1983, indicating that the root system functions to absorb water and nutrients, the cap layer functions to photosynthesize and synthesize carbohydrates, the root and cap functions depend on each other to satisfy the needs of each and the whole plant, and when the root system growth is inhibited, the overground part growth is hindered. The root crown balance, i.e. the tree potential balance, of the overground and underground parts of the plant is guaranteed in the tree transplanting process, and the method has important significance for guaranteeing the transplanting survival rate (Pritcard et al, 2014).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for determining the specification of a minimum soil ball for transplanting large-specification full-crown arbors, which fully considers the underground space distribution and the type of a root system of a plant and the water-gas balance between the overground part and the underground part of the transplanted plant, reduces the damage of the root system to the maximum extent, and ensures that seedlings are recovered and survived in time after being transplanted.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for determining the specification of the minimum earth ball for transplanting the large-specification full-crown arbor.
S1, measuring the distribution range of the plant root system by adopting a tree radar detection system, and determining the basic shape of the soil-lifting ball during transplanting;
s2, screening out factors influencing the volume of the soil ball in digging based on a root-crown balance theory on the premise of ensuring the transplanting survival rate of the large-size full-crown arbor, and establishing a multiple linear regression equation to estimate the volume of the soil ball;
and S3, determining each parameter value of the volume of the soil lifting ball.
The method for determining the basic shape of the soil lifting ball during transplanting comprises the following steps:
a1, measuring the distribution range of the plant root system by using a TRU tree radar detection system, and detecting the plant root system with the depth of 3-6m and the diameter of 1-3cm under the ground surface by selecting 400HZ electromagnetic waves;
a2, processing data of the root system through TreeWinTM PRO software, and analyzing to obtain the three-dimensional distribution condition and the characteristic value of the plant root system;
a5, primarily determining the basic solid shape of the soil ball according to the horizontal and vertical distribution range of the root system.
Analyzing to obtain the three-dimensional distribution condition and the characteristic value of the plant root system;
wherein, the three-dimensional distribution condition is the distribution width and the distribution width depth of the root system;
the characteristic value of the three-dimensional distribution is density;
the influence factors of the volume of the soil lifting ball comprise a project layer and an index layer;
item layer: growth conditions, site conditions, physiological indices;
an index layer: the growth conditions comprise tree height, breast diameter and root system density;
the conditions of the ground include soil volume weight, soil porosity, atmospheric humidity, atmospheric temperature and illumination intensity;
the physiological indexes include net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance.
The method for determining the growth condition, the site condition and the physiological index comprises the following steps:
b1, growth condition determination: the tree height and the breast diameter are measured on site through a scale, and the root density is measured and obtained through a TRU tree radar detection system;
b2, measuring the standing conditions; the volume weight and the water content of the soil are measured by a cutting ring method, the atmospheric humidity and the atmospheric temperature are measured by a hygrothermograph, and the illumination intensity is measured by an illumination measuring instrument;
b3, physiological index net determination: the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance are obtained by a photosynthesis tester.
The method for estimating the volume of the soil ball by establishing the multiple linear regression equation comprises the following steps:
c1, analyzing the correlation between the soil ball system and each index through the sample index, selecting the index with the highest correlation according to the correlation coefficient, taking the soil ball volume as a dependent variable and each factor in the index layer as an independent variable to form a linear regression analysis model Vmin＝β0+β1X1+β2X2+...+βiXi；
In the formula: vminIs the volume of the soil ball (m)3)；
XiThe evaluation index influencing the volume of the soil ball is obtained;
βiis a regression coefficient;
and C3, measuring each index of the large-size nursery stock to be dug, and estimating the minimum soil ball volume value Vmin of the dug nursery stock by using a linear regression analysis model.
The method for determining each parameter value of the volume of the soil lifting ball comprises the following steps:
d1 taking the radius of the inscribed circle of the surface area of the soil ball as rSoil for soilThe height of the soil ball is hSoil for soilDetermining soil balls r according to the type of plant root system and the spatial distribution of the plant root systemSoil for soilAnd hSoil for soilThe ratio of (A) to (B);
d2 soil ball with vertical root systemSoil for soilAnd hSoil for soilThe ratio of (2: 5) is the soil ball r of the horizontal root systemSoil for soilAnd hSoil for soilThe ratio of (A) to (B) is 4: 3;
d3, then determining the basic solid shape and VminAnd obtaining the length, width and height of the soil ball.
The invention provides a method for determining the specification of a minimum earth ball for transplanting a large-specification full-crown arbor, which has the following specific beneficial effects:
1. in the process of transplanting large-size nursery stocks, the survival rate and the growth potential of the nursery stocks are influenced by the specifications of soil balls, planting time, cultivation media, climatic conditions and maintenance management. The growth rule of the tree species is followed, all the influencing factors are comprehensively considered, the generation of root systems can be promoted, the water transportation is improved, the growth is quickly recovered, and the landscape effect is quickly formed.
2. Adopt the accurate detection plant roots condition of ground penetrating radar, according to the spatial distribution of root system and the shape of structure furthest confirming soil ball, changed in the past the conventional cylindrical soil ball that uses the trunk as the center, remain most root system of plant promptly, reduce the destruction to the root system again.
3. The determination of the specification of the soil balls is the primary link in the seedling transplanting process and is also a key factor for determining the survival rate of the seedlings. A soil ball volume estimation model of a certain tree species is established by using a stepwise regression analysis method, so that the soil ball volume is reduced on the basis of ensuring the survival rate of the nursery stock, and the manpower and transportation cost are saved.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional distribution of roots according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a horizontal distribution diagram of the root system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a vertical distribution of the root system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flat earth ball excavation plan of the present invention;
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a method for determining the specification of a minimum earth ball for transplanting a large-size full-crown arbor comprises the following steps:
determining the basic shape of the soil-lifting ball during transplanting.
The TRU radar detection system is used for measuring the distribution range of the plant root system, 400HZ electromagnetic waves are selected to detect the plant root system with the depth of 4m and the diameter of 2cm under the surface of the ground, data processing is carried out on the root system through TreeWinTM PRO software, and the three-dimensional distribution condition (the root distribution width R) of the plant root system is obtained through analysisGeneral assemblyAnd depth HGeneral assembly) And a feature value (root density M).
Preliminarily determining the basic three-dimensional shape of the soil ball according to the horizontal and vertical distribution range of the root system, such as cylinder, triangular prism (quadrangular prism, hexagonal prism … …), cone, pyramid, etc
On the premise of ensuring the transplanting survival rate of large-size full-crown trees, screening out factors influencing the volume of the excavated soil ball based on a root-crown balance theory, and establishing a multiple linear regression equation to estimate the volume of the soil ball.
The influence factors of the volume of the soil lifting ball are divided into a project layer and an index layer. The 3 project levels are growth conditions, site conditions and physiological indexes. An index layer: the growth conditions comprise tree height, breast diameter and root system density; the conditions of the ground include soil volume weight, soil porosity, atmospheric humidity, atmospheric temperature and illumination intensity; the physiological indexes include net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance.
The tree height and the breast diameter are measured on site through a scale, the root density is measured and obtained through a TRU tree radar detection system, the soil volume weight and the water content are measured by a cutting ring method, the atmospheric humidity and the atmospheric temperature are measured through a hygrothermograph, the illumination intensity is measured through an illumination measuring instrument, and the net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate and the air pore conductance are obtained through a photosynthesis measuring instrument.
Analyzing the correlation between the soil ball system and each index through the sample index, selecting the index with the highest correlation according to the correlation coefficient, taking the soil ball volume as a dependent variable and taking each factor in the index layer as an independent variable to form a linear regression analysis model Vmin＝β0+β1X1+β2X2+...+βiXi；
In the formula: vminIs the volume of the soil ball (m)3)，XiTo influence the evaluation index of the volume of the soil ball, betaiAre return coefficients.
And measuring each index of the large-size nursery stocks to be dug, and estimating the minimum soil ball volume value Vmin of the dug nursery stocks by using a linear regression analysis model.
(3) And determining each parameter value of the volume of the soil lifting ball.
The radius of an inscribed circle of the surface area of the soil ball is rSoil for soilThe height of the soil ball is hSoil for soilAccording to the type of plant root system and the space of plant root systemInterval distribution determined soil ball rSoil for soilAnd hSoil for soilThe ratio of (a) to (b). Soil ball r with vertical root systemSoil for soilAnd hSoil for soilThe ratio of (2: 5) is the soil ball r of the horizontal root systemSoil for soilAnd hSoil for soilThe ratio of (A) to (B) is 4: 3. Then according to the determined basic stereo shape and VminAnd obtaining the length, width and height of the soil ball.
Example 2
Further explained with reference to embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 1-4, a TRU tree radar detection system is used to determine the distribution range of the yulan magnolia root system with a diameter at breast height of 20cm, 400HZ electromagnetic waves are selected to detect the plant root system with a depth of 4m below the surface of the ground and a diameter of more than 2cm, and the data processing is performed on the root system through trewin PRO software to obtain the three-dimensional distribution of the yulan magnolia root system, as shown in fig. 1, wherein the root distribution width R is shown in fig. 1General assembly6m, depth HGeneral assemblyThe average root density M was 15.77 roots/M, 1M.
The horizontal root systems of the white magnolia are intensively distributed on one side of the trunk, as shown in fig. 2, in order to reserve the main root of the white magnolia to the maximum extent, the planar shape of the soil ball dug is determined to be a square, as shown in fig. 4; meanwhile, according to the vertical distribution of the root systems, as shown in figure 3, the distribution density of the root systems in the 0-50 soil layer is consistent, and the three-dimensional shape of the soil ball is determined to be a quadrangular prism.
On the premise of ensuring the transplanting survival rate of large-size full-crown trees, the influence factors influencing the volume of the soil excavation ball based on the root-crown balance theory are divided into two levels, namely a project level and an index level. The 3 project levels are growth conditions, site conditions and physiological indexes. An index layer: the growth conditions comprise tree height, breast diameter and root system density; the conditions of the ground include soil volume weight, soil porosity, atmospheric humidity, atmospheric temperature and illumination intensity; the physiological indexes include net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. The index values were measured on site as shown in table 1, in which the tree height and breast diameter were measured with a scale, the root density was measured with a TRU tree radar detection system, the soil bulk weight and water content were measured with a guillotine method, the atmospheric humidity and atmospheric temperature were measured with a hygrothermograph, the light intensity was measured with a light meter, and the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance were measured with a photosynthesis meter.
TABLE 1 correlation analysis between soil ball volume and indices
The correlation between the volume of the soil ball and each index is analyzed through the sample index, and as shown in table 1, the indexes contributing to the volume of the soil ball greatly among the 11 influencing factors are tree height, root density, soil porosity and atmospheric temperature. Taking the volume of the soil ball as a dependent variable and the main factors in the index layer as independent variables, establishing a soil ball volume estimation model of large-specification magnolia denudata seedlings by using a stepwise regression analysis method, wherein V is 3.307-0.215X 1+ 0.190X 2+ 0.228X 3-0.211X 4 and a correlation coefficient R is20.9913, wherein: v is the volume of the soil ball (m)3) X1 is tree height (m), X2 is root density (root/m), X3 is soil porosity (%), and X4 is atmospheric temperature (deg.C).
Measuring the tree height, root density, soil porosity and atmospheric temperature of the large-size magnolia denudata seedlings needing to be dug, and estimating the minimum volume value Vmin of the volume value of the soil ball of the magnolia denudata with the breast diameter of 20cm as 0.762m by using a linear regression analysis model3。
The white jade orchid root is horizontal, and the radius r of the inscribed circle of the soil ballSoil for soilHeight h of soil ballSoil for soilThe ratio of (A) to (B) is 4: 3. The shape of the soil-lifting ball is quadrangular, and the length, the width and the height of the soil-lifting ball are respectively as follows: 126.56cm, 126.56cm and 47.46 cm.
At present, the following methods are commonly used for determining the specifications of the digging ball, and the general shape of the digging ball is a cylinder:
the method comprises the following steps: d ═ J + K (D-3), where: d is the diameter of the soil ball; j- - -Changsha 24; d- -diameter of the trunk (ground diameter) at the ground; k- - -constant, when the transplanted big tree is an evergreen tree, K is 4, and when the tree leaves, K is 5. The earth ball height is generally considered to be around 1/3 earth ball diameter.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: the diameter of the soil ball is generally not less than 2 times of the perimeter of a trunk at a position 10cm away from the ground, and the height of the soil ball is 2/3 of the diameter of the soil ball.
The method 3 comprises the following steps: the diameter of the soil ball is 6-8 times of the diameter of the trunk breast, 5-7 times of the diameter of the ground, the height of the soil ball depends on the tree species, and the diameter of the soil ball is about 1/3.
TABLE 2 calculation of specification of Dredging ball for white magnolia by different methods
| Method | The diameter (width) of the soil ball is cm | Height cm of soil ball | Volume m of |
| 1 | 159 | 55 | 1.092 |
| 2 | 188.4 | 125.6 | 3.499 |
| 3 | 150-210 | 50-70 | 0.883-2.423 |
Taking white yulan magnolia with the diameter at breast height of 20cm as an example, the size of the soil ball is 0.883-3.499m3As shown in table 2. Compared with the conventional method, the method of the invention not only reduces the volume of the soil-digging ball, but also maintains the coarse root system of the plant as much as possible, and the transplanting survival rate is up to more than 92.0 percent.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and equivalents including technical features described in the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for determining the specification of a minimum earth ball for transplanting a large-specification full-crown arbor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring the distribution range of the plant root system by adopting a tree radar detection system, and determining the basic shape of the soil-lifting ball during transplanting;
s2, screening out factors influencing the volume of the soil ball in digging based on a root-crown balance theory on the premise of ensuring the transplanting survival rate of the large-size full-crown arbor, and establishing a multiple linear regression equation to estimate the volume of the soil ball;
and S3, determining each parameter value of the volume of the soil lifting ball.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the method for determining the basic shape of the soil lifting ball during transplanting comprises the following steps:
a1, measuring the distribution range of the plant root system by using a TRU tree radar detection system, and detecting the plant root system with the depth of 3-6m and the diameter of 1-3cm under the ground surface by selecting 400HZ electromagnetic waves;
a2, processing data of the root system through TreeWinTM PRO software, and analyzing to obtain the three-dimensional distribution condition and the characteristic value of the plant root system;
a5, primarily determining the basic solid shape of the soil ball according to the horizontal and vertical distribution range of the root system.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the steps of: analyzing to obtain the three-dimensional distribution condition and the characteristic value of the plant root system;
wherein, the three-dimensional distribution condition is the distribution width and the distribution width depth of the root system;
the characteristic value of the three-dimensional stereo distribution is density.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the influence factors of the volume of the soil lifting ball comprise a project layer and an index layer;
item layer: growth conditions, site conditions, physiological indices;
an index layer: the growth conditions comprise tree height, breast diameter and root system density;
the conditions of the ground include soil volume weight, soil porosity, atmospheric humidity, atmospheric temperature and illumination intensity;
the physiological indexes include net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the method for determining the growth condition, the site condition and the physiological index comprises the following steps:
b1, growth condition determination: the tree height and the breast diameter are measured on site through a scale, and the root density is measured and obtained through a TRU tree radar detection system;
b2, measuring the standing conditions; the volume weight and the water content of the soil are measured by a cutting ring method, the atmospheric humidity and the atmospheric temperature are measured by a hygrothermograph, and the illumination intensity is measured by an illumination measuring instrument;
b3, physiological index net determination: the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance are obtained by a photosynthesis tester.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the method for estimating the volume of the soil ball by establishing the multiple linear regression equation comprises the following steps:
c1, analyzing the correlation between the soil ball system and each index through the sample index, selecting the index with the highest correlation according to the correlation coefficient, taking the soil ball volume as a dependent variable and taking each factor in the index layer as an independent variableQuantitative, compositional linear regression analysis model Vmin＝β0+β1X1+β2X2+...+βiXi；
In the formula: vminIs the volume of the soil ball (m)3)；
XiThe evaluation index influencing the volume of the soil ball is obtained;
βiis a regression coefficient;
and C3, measuring each index of the large-size nursery stock to be dug, and estimating the minimum soil ball volume value Vmin of the dug nursery stock by using a linear regression analysis model.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the method for determining each parameter value of the volume of the soil lifting ball comprises the following steps:
d1 taking the radius of the inscribed circle of the surface area of the soil ball as rSoil for soilThe height of the soil ball is hSoil for soilDetermining soil balls r according to the type of plant root system and the spatial distribution of the plant root systemSoil for soilAnd hSoil for soilThe ratio of (A) to (B);
d2 soil ball with vertical root systemSoil for soilAnd hSoil for soilThe ratio of (2: 5) is the soil ball r of the horizontal root systemSoil for soilAnd hSoil for soilThe ratio of (A) to (B) is 4: 3;
d3, then determining the basic solid shape and VminAnd obtaining the length, width and height of the soil ball.
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