CN113140399A - Transformer, LLC resonant converter and transformer design method - Google Patents

Transformer, LLC resonant converter and transformer design method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113140399A
CN113140399A CN202010430877.XA CN202010430877A CN113140399A CN 113140399 A CN113140399 A CN 113140399A CN 202010430877 A CN202010430877 A CN 202010430877A CN 113140399 A CN113140399 A CN 113140399A
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transformer
inductor
inductance
resonant
transformer body
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CN113140399B (en
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张小勇
张庆
饶沛南
周峰武
曹金洲
周帅
罗盼
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Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/346—Preventing or reducing leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/42—Circuits specially adapted for the purpose of modifying, or compensating for, electric characteristics of transformers, reactors, or choke coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a transformer, an LLC resonant converter and a transformer design method, belongs to the technical field of transformers, and aims to solve the technical problem that the design difficulty is high due to the fact that excitation inductance and leakage inductance need to be considered when the existing transformer is applied to a resonant circuit. The LLC resonant converter comprises a switching circuit, a resonant circuit comprising a transformer as described above, and a rectifying and filtering circuit. The design method is that a secondary side inductor is connected in parallel with the secondary side of the transformer body, so that the primary side of the transformer generates an equivalent excitation inductor. The invention has the advantages of greatly reducing the design difficulty of the transformer, improving the trial-manufacture success rate of the transformer, further reducing the occupation of test resources and the power consumption, improving the production efficiency and the like.

Description

Transformer, LLC resonant converter and transformer design method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transformers, in particular to a transformer, an LLC resonant converter and a transformer design method.
Background
With the development of modern power electronic technology, the switching power supply is developed in the direction of high frequency, integration and modularization. However, in the conventional PWM converter, the power device is in a hard switching state, and the power density cannot be increased by increasing the switching frequency due to the high switching loss of the power device. Furthermore, the switching elements are subject to high switching stresses due to parasitic inductance. Compared with the traditional PWM converter technology, the resonant soft switching converter technology has the advantages of high switching working frequency, small switching loss, wide allowable input voltage range, high efficiency, light weight, small size, small EMI noise, small switching stress and the like. In particular, the LLC resonant converter has the capability of simultaneously having no-load operation capability and the capability of reflecting the load weight of the resonant tank circuit current, and embodies the advantages that the ordinary series resonant converter and the parallel resonant converter are not comparable, thereby being widely applied.
A conventional LLC resonant converter topology is shown in fig. 1. In FIG. 1, Q1～Q4The IGBT is a main switch to form a full-bridge structure; t isrIs a resonant transformer; ignoring dead zones, Q1、Q3Are complementary to the drive signal, Q1、Q4The driving signals of the two driving circuits are the same; c1～C4Is IGBT parasitic output capacitance, D1～D4Is an IGBT virtual current diode, DR1～DR4Is a secondary side rectifying diode. Series resonance inductor LsResonant capacitor CsAnd the excitation inductance L of the transformermConstituting an LLC resonant network.
When secondary side high frequency rectifier diode DR1(DR4) Or DR2(DR3) When conducting, transformingThe primary voltage of the transformer is clamped by the output voltage, so that the voltage is applied to the exciting inductor LmThe voltage across is constant. At this time, only the resonant inductor L is arranged in the circuitsAnd a resonance capacitor CsParticipate in resonance. When D is presentR1(DR4) And DR2(DR3) When the transformer is in an off state, the primary voltage of the transformer is not clamped any more, so that the excitation inductor and the resonance inductor are connected in series to participate in the resonance process. Thus, an LLC resonant converter has two frequencies: series resonance inductor LsAnd a capacitor CsSeries resonance frequency f of resonance generationr1(ii) a Series resonance inductor LsPlus an exciting inductance LmAnd a resonant capacitor CsResulting series-parallel resonant frequency fr2. The expressions for these two resonant frequencies are:
Figure BDA0002500536770000011
Figure BDA0002500536770000012
when the switching frequency is less than fr2In time, the resonant network is in a capacitive state, and zero-voltage switching is difficult to realize for the switch tube. When switching frequency fs＞fr1When the switch is in use, the switch tube on the primary side can realize zero voltage switching; when switching frequency fr2＜fs＜fr1When the current flows through the rectifier diode, the current is interrupted, the zero current turn-off of the rectifier diode is realized, the loss caused by the reverse recovery of the diode is eliminated, and meanwhile, the primary side switching tube can also realize zero voltage switching. Therefore, when the LLC resonant converter is applied, the switching frequency is selected as follows:
fr2＜fs＜fr1(3)
the IGBT dead time must be enough to enable the voltage at two ends of the IGBT on the turn-off bridge arm to rise to the bus voltage, so that conditions are created for zero-voltage turn-on of the pair tube. The charging (discharging) time of the IGBT is shown as the following formula:
t＝8Lm*Cj*fs (4)
wherein: cj: an IGBT junction capacitance; f. ofs: a switching frequency; l ism: exciting inductance
Through calculation, the gain function of the LLC resonant converter can be obtained as:
Figure BDA0002500536770000021
wherein f isnFor a switching frequency fsTo the resonance frequency frRatio of (i) to (i.e. f)n＝fs/fr(ii) a Q is a quality factor; λ is exciting inductance LmAnd series resonance inductance LsThe ratio of (a) to (b), namely:
λ＝Lm/Ls (6)
usually, λ is large, i.e. L, according to the circuit characteristic requirementsmIs much greater than Ls. In engineering applications, in order to reduce the volume and weight of the product to the maximum, the leakage inductance of the high-frequency transformer is generally used as the resonant inductance.
In the phase-shifted full-bridge soft switch circuit, because the transformer exciting inductance does not participate in resonance, the phase-shifted full-bridge circuit has no specific requirement on the exciting inductance of the transformer, and only the leakage inductance design needs to be concerned. In the LLC resonant converter, the leakage inductance L of the LLC resonant transformer to the transformer is shown by expressions (1), (2), (4) and (6)rAnd an excitation inductance LmAll have the requirement of accurate value, do not have the difference and increased the design degree of difficulty of transformer. Especially in high power engineering applications, the thermal design of high frequency transformers is a difficult problem, and LLC converters are used to realize soft switching, exciting the inductor LmThe value is small, so that the exciting current is increased, the loss of the LLC resonant transformer is larger compared with that of a common transformer, the thermal design is more difficult, the transformer can be successfully manufactured after multiple trial-manufacture rounds, the waste of test resources and power consumption is caused, and the product development progress is seriously influenced. Therefore, the high frequency transformer becomes a bottleneck for engineering application of the high power LLC resonant converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a transformer, an LLC resonant converter and a transformer design method which simplify the design difficulty of the transformer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a transformer comprises a transformer body, wherein a secondary side inductor is connected in parallel with a secondary side of the transformer body and is used for generating an equivalent excitation inductor on a primary side of the transformer.
Preferably, the secondary side inductor is an adjustable inductor.
The invention also discloses an LLC resonant converter, which comprises a switching circuit, a resonant circuit and a rectifying and filtering circuit, wherein the resonant circuit comprises the transformer.
Preferably, a primary inductor is connected in series on the primary side of the transformer body to form a resonant inductor of the resonant circuit together with the leakage inductor of the transformer body.
Preferably, the primary inductor is integrated inside the transformer body.
Preferably, the primary inductor is located outside the transformer body.
The invention further discloses a design method for applying the transformer to the LLC resonant circuit, which comprises the following steps: the secondary side of the transformer body is connected with a secondary side inductor in parallel, so that the primary side of the transformer generates an equivalent excitation inductor.
Preferably, the secondary side inductor
Figure BDA0002500536770000031
Wherein L ispIs a secondary side inductor, LmAnd n is the turn ratio of the transformer, which is the excitation inductance required by the resonant circuit.
Preferably, before the secondary side of the transformer body is connected with a secondary side inductor in parallel, the method further comprises the following steps:
1) according to the gain and the maximum quality factor of the resonant network in the resonant circuit, the turn ratio n and the resonance of the transformer are calculatedResonant inductance L of networksAnd an excitation inductance Lm；
2) Normally designing the turn ratio n and the leakage inductance L of the transformer bodyr；
3) Normally designed excitation inductor L of transformer bodym1。
Preferably, wherein the leakage inductance L in step 2)rAs the resonant inductance of the resonant network.
Preferably, in step 2), the leakage inductance LrAnd the primary side inductor which are connected in series on the primary side of the transformer body form a resonance inductor of the resonance network.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the invention, the secondary side inductor is connected in parallel with the secondary side of the transformer body, so that the equivalent excitation inductor is generated on the primary side of the transformer, and further, when the transformer body is designed, the excitation inductor is not required to be designed, only the leakage inductance of the transformer body is required to be designed, and the excitation inductor and the leakage inductance during the design of the transformer body are decoupled, so that the design of the transformer body is reduced from the original two-dimensional design of the excitation inductor and the leakage inductance to the one-dimensional design of only the leakage inductance, thereby greatly reducing the design difficulty of the transformer body, improving the success rate of trial production of the transformer body, further reducing the occupation of test resources and electricity consumption, and improving the production efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit schematic of a prior art LLC resonant converter.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a prior art LLC resonant circuit.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an LLC resonant circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of an LLC resonant circuit in an embodiment of the present invention (with the primary inductor connected in series external).
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of an LLC resonant circuit in an embodiment of the invention (with a primary inductor built in series).
Fig. 6 is a circuit schematic of an embodiment of the LLC resonant converter of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments of the description.
As shown in fig. 3, the transformer of the present embodiment is suitable for use in an LLC resonant circuit, and specifically includes a transformer body, where a secondary inductor is connected in parallel to a secondary side of the transformer body, and is used to generate an equivalent excitation inductor on a primary side of the transformer, so that when designing the transformer body, the excitation inductor does not need to be designed, but only the leakage inductance of the transformer body needs to be designed, and the excitation inductor and the leakage inductance when designing the transformer body are decoupled, so that the design of the transformer body is reduced from the original two-dimensional design of excitation inductor and leakage inductance to the one-dimensional design of leakage inductance, thereby greatly reducing the design difficulty of the transformer body, improving the success rate of trial-manufacturing of the transformer body, further reducing the test resource occupation and power consumption, and improving the production efficiency; and the whole transformer is simple.
In this embodiment, the secondary inductor may be integrated inside the transformer body after being designed in a specific application scenario. In other embodiments, the form of the adjustable inductor can be adopted, and the adjustable inductor is arranged outside the transformer body; through the form of adjustable inductance, can be suitable for different application occasions.
The invention also discloses an LLC resonant converter, which comprises a switching circuit, a resonant circuit and a rectification filter circuit, wherein the resonant circuit comprises a resonant network and a resonant transformer, and the resonant transformer adopts the transformer. As shown in FIG. 6, the switching circuit is composed of a main switch Q1～Q4(such as IGBT) full-bridge structure, and the rectifying and filtering circuit is composed of DR1～DR4And CoAnd (4) forming. When the circuit works, the input end of the switch circuit is connected with a direct current power supply VinD.C. power supply VinThe direct current output voltage is converted into a square wave signal through the switching circuit, resonated through the resonant circuit, rectified and filtered through the rectifying and filtering circuit, and then the direct current voltage is output to a load. The resonant transformer in the LLC resonant converter of the present invention employs the transformer as described above, and also has the advantages as described above for the transformer.
The true bookIn the embodiment, the leakage inductance of the transformer body is adopted as the resonant inductance in the resonant network, but in the case of high-power application, the leakage inductance is limited by the volume weight and the temperature rise of the transformer, the leakage inductance of the transformer body cannot be infinitely increased, and if the leakage inductance of the transformer body cannot meet the resonant inductance required by the resonant network, a primary side inductance L is connected in series with the primary side of the transformer bodyr2To the leakage inductance L of the transformer bodyr1Resonant inductor L jointly forming a resonant circuitsThereby the design difficulty of the transformer body can be further simplified. Wherein the primary side inductance Lr2＝Ls-Lr1Can be integrated in the transformer body, as shown in fig. 5; the primary inductance may also be located outside the transformer body as shown in fig. 4.
The invention also discloses a design method for applying the transformer to the LLC resonant circuit, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) according to the gain and the maximum quality factor of the resonant network in the resonant circuit, the turn ratio n of the transformer and the resonant inductance L of the resonant network are calculatedsAnd an excitation inductance Lm；
2) Normally designing the turn ratio n and the leakage inductance L of the transformer body according to the conventional design requirementsr；
3) Normally designing the exciting inductance L of the transformer body according to the conventional design requirementm1(ii) a In order to reduce the excitation current, the excitation inductance is required to be larger and better;
4) a secondary side inductor L is connected in parallel with the secondary side of the transformer bodypSo that the primary side of the transformer generates an equivalent exciting inductance, thereby leading the exciting inductance L of the transformer bodym1And secondary side inductance LpThe generated equivalent exciting inductors jointly form the exciting inductor of the resonant network.
In the step 4), the process is carried out,
Figure BDA0002500536770000051
in practical engineering application, Lm1Is usually much larger than LmI.e. Lm/Lm1Is far less than 1, and the above formula is simplified into
Figure BDA0002500536770000052
Wherein the secondary side inductance LpThe method is carried out by adopting a conventional design method.
The following describes the whole design method of the transformer applied to the LLC resonant circuit with reference to a specific and complete embodiment:
(1) according to the design requirement of the resonance parameters of the circuit, the parameter requirement of the resonance transformer can be calculated as follows: leakage inductance Lr1uH, excitation inductance Lm264uH, the turn ratio n is 10: 6;
(2) a conventional design method is adopted to ensure that two parameters of fixed turn ratio and leakage inductance meet the requirements;
(3) exciting the inductor L by conventional design methodm1＝16mH；
(4) At this time Lm/Lm1A parallel secondary inductance, which is 0.0165 and much less than 1, can be determined by the following equation:
Figure BDA0002500536770000053
the secondary side of the transformer is connected with a small inductor of 95uH in parallel, and the equivalent excitation inductor of the transformer body is 264uH at the moment and is irrelevant to the excitation inductor 16mH of the transformer body; the requirements of circuit resonance parameters are met, decoupling of resonance network parameters and self excitation inductance of the transformer is achieved, design difficulty of the resonance transformer is reduced, and design and development efficiency of the transformer is improved.
Of course, in other embodiments, the transformer may be applied to the situation where there is a special requirement for the excitation inductance, and the equivalent excitation inductance is generated by connecting the inductance in parallel on the secondary side of the transformer body, thereby simplifying the difficulty of transformer design.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.

Claims (11)

1. A transformer comprises a transformer body and is characterized in that a secondary side inductor is connected in parallel with a secondary side of the transformer body and used for generating an equivalent excitation inductor on a primary side of the transformer.
2. The transformer of claim 1, wherein the secondary inductance is an adjustable inductance.
3. An LLC resonant converter comprising a switching circuit, a resonant circuit and a rectifying and filtering circuit, characterized in that the resonant circuit comprises a transformer according to any one of claims 1-2.
4. The LLC resonant converter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the primary side of the transformer body is connected in series with a primary side inductor to form a resonant inductor of the resonant circuit together with a leakage inductor of the transformer body.
5. The LLC resonant converter of claim 4, wherein said primary inductor is integrated inside said transformer body.
6. The LLC resonant converter of claim 4, wherein said primary inductance is located outside of said transformer body.
7. A design method for applying the transformer according to claim 1 or 2 in an LLC resonant circuit, comprising: the secondary side of the transformer body is connected with a secondary side inductor in parallel, so that the primary side of the transformer generates an equivalent excitation inductor.
8. The design method of claim 7, wherein the secondary side inductor
Figure FDA0002500536760000011
Wherein L ispIs a secondary side inductor, LmAnd n is the turn ratio of the transformer, which is the excitation inductance required by the resonant circuit.
9. The design method of claim 7, wherein before connecting a secondary inductor in parallel to the secondary side of the transformer body, the method further comprises the steps of:
1) according to the gain and the maximum quality factor of the resonant network in the resonant circuit, the turn ratio n of the transformer and the resonant inductance L of the resonant network are calculatedsAnd an excitation inductance Lm；
2) Normally designing the turn ratio n and the leakage inductance L of the transformer bodyr；
3) Normally designed excitation inductor L of transformer bodym1。
10. The design method according to claim 9, wherein the leakage inductance L in step 2)rAs the resonant inductance of the resonant network.
11. The design method according to claim 9, wherein in step 2), leakage inductance LrAnd the primary side inductor which are connected in series on the primary side of the transformer body form a resonance inductor of the resonance network.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114785180A (en) * 2022-05-26 2022-07-22 上海交通大学 Micro inverter magnetic element parameter optimization design method based on mode switching control

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101500364A (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-08-05 杭州茂力半导体技术有限公司 Discharge lamp driving apparatus and driving method
CN101902129A (en) * 2010-07-01 2010-12-01 西安交通大学 Current-type multi-resonance direct current (DC) converter
CN109361321A (en) * 2018-11-29 2019-02-19 西安交通大学 A kind of LLC resonant converter reverse operation circuit and design method
CN110620515A (en) * 2019-08-15 2019-12-27 西北工业大学 Secondary LLC resonant power conversion circuit

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101500364A (en) * 2008-01-30 2009-08-05 杭州茂力半导体技术有限公司 Discharge lamp driving apparatus and driving method
CN101902129A (en) * 2010-07-01 2010-12-01 西安交通大学 Current-type multi-resonance direct current (DC) converter
CN109361321A (en) * 2018-11-29 2019-02-19 西安交通大学 A kind of LLC resonant converter reverse operation circuit and design method
CN110620515A (en) * 2019-08-15 2019-12-27 西北工业大学 Secondary LLC resonant power conversion circuit

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114785180A (en) * 2022-05-26 2022-07-22 上海交通大学 Micro inverter magnetic element parameter optimization design method based on mode switching control
CN114785180B (en) * 2022-05-26 2023-06-02 上海交通大学 Micro-inverter magnetic element parameter optimization design method based on mode switching control

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