CN113137858B - Cold crucible base and discharging method thereof - Google Patents
Cold crucible base and discharging method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113137858B CN113137858B CN202110599794.8A CN202110599794A CN113137858B CN 113137858 B CN113137858 B CN 113137858B CN 202110599794 A CN202110599794 A CN 202110599794A CN 113137858 B CN113137858 B CN 113137858B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/20—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
- F27B2014/0818—Discharging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cold crucible base and a discharging method, wherein the cold crucible base structure comprises a discharging pipe, a central discharging hole, a water-cooling metal split structure and a medium-frequency induction heating system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear waste glass solidification, in particular to a cold crucible base and a discharging method thereof.
Background
The cold crucible device is a core unit of the nuclear waste glass solidification equipment. The device needs to complete the working procedures of feeding, melting, stirring, bubbling, discharging and the like, and is provided with a cooling water system, a high-frequency induction heating system, a tail gas treatment system, an automatic control system and the like.
The crucible wall (1) of the cold crucible is usually of a segmented structure, and cooling water is introduced into a segmented metal pipe or an arc-shaped metal plate. Since the crucible wall temperature generally does not exceed 200 ℃, the glass in contact with the cold wall solidifies, forming a "cold shell" typically having a thickness of about 1 cm. The bottom of the crucible is also a water-cooled metal plate and the glass is completely contained in a solid glass "cold shell", hence the name cold crucible induction heating furnace. A high frequency induction coil (2) is arranged around the crucible, and the coil provides a high frequency magnetic field to generate induction current in the molten glass, and the melt in the crucible is heated by Joule heating effect to realize the induction melting process of the glass. The whole crucible body and the crucible bottom are fixed on a refractory base (4). Due to the existence of the cold shell, the cold crucible is not easy to corrode, and the service life is long. And (3) after the glass in the cold crucible reaches a stable state, discharging the high-temperature glass into a glass storage tank by using a freeze-thaw valve or a gate valve, and finishing the discharging process after the preset discharging weight is reached. Then the periodic operations of feeding, melting, discharging and the like are carried out.
The french atomic energy committee discloses a gate valve discharging structure (CN 00802430.8), which has good compatibility with refractory glass, but the discharging flow of the glass is not easy to control, so that the overflow of a glass storage tank is easy to cause, and accidents are formed. Meanwhile, the gate valve is complex in structure, not easy to replace and difficult to maintain in a high-radioactivity environment in a long distance.
IdahoFalls in the United states discloses a discharging structure of a freezing and thawing valve of a cold crucible (US 2005/0111518A 1), the freezing and thawing valve adopts medium-frequency induction heating, can realize quick discharging and closing operation, but has poor compatibility to refractory glass, is easy to crystallize, and causes difficult or even blockage of repeated discharging. Meanwhile, the poor temperature control can cause erosion to the material of the freeze-thaw valve, and particularly, when the glass solidification of refractory high-level wastes is operated, the temperature needs to be raised, so that the service life is influenced.
Korean waterpower atomic force corporation discloses a cold crucible freezing and thawing valve base emptying structure (CN 103180682B), the base adopts a downward inclined water cooling bottom plate which is eccentric to one side, and is combined with the leakage of the eccentric freezing and thawing valve, the high-frequency induction heating efficiency can be improved, and therefore refractory materials can also be discharged. But the structural design of the base is relatively complex, the material leakage pipe adopts a water-cooling grid structure, the discharging temperature is not easy to control, and the discharging flow rate is not easy to control.
China atomic energy science research institute discloses a high temperature melt freeze-thaw valve discharge apparatus (CN 201610478762.1) for cold crucible, and this structure is simple relatively, but leaks the charge pipe and directly stretches into 2cm above the crucible bottom, is unfavorable for the discharge of noble metal, and leaks the charge pipe and appears being difficult for remote change when warping or damaging.
Meanwhile, the common temperature thermocouple has poor anti-interference capability under the influence of high-frequency and medium-frequency electromagnetic induction, and is not beneficial to the remote operation of discharging. Therefore, the temperature control of discharging is one of the bottlenecks affecting the remote control of the discharging operation of the cold crucible glass solidification, and the above patents are not related.
In addition, the position selection of the discharge hole is also a key parameter of the design of the bottom of the cold crucible, most of cold crucibles are usually designed in an eccentric structure, and the discharge of glass at a higher temperature (skin depth) is facilitated by combining a top water-cooling stirring mechanical structure. But the structural design of the water-cooling mechanical stirring machine is complex, and the assembly difficulty of the crucible top structure is increased. Moreover, the metal material of the stirring paddle is easily corroded by the gas phase and the liquid phase of the high-temperature glass, and the reliability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the design of the bottom of the existing cold crucible, the invention provides a cold crucible base and a discharging method.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a cold crucible base is characterized in that: the water-cooled crucible base comprises a material leakage pipe, a central material leakage opening, a water-cooled metal split structure and a medium-frequency induction heating system,
the central material leakage port is positioned at the center of the water-cooled crucible base and comprises an inverted cone material leakage port, a plurality of groups of heat-conducting plates and heat-insulating grooves which are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the inverted cone material leakage port and are arranged from inside to outside, the lower end of the central material leakage port is connected with the material leakage pipe through a material leakage pipe fixing flange, the outer side of the upper end of the material leakage pipe is provided with a temperature measuring hole, the lower end of the material leakage pipe is provided with a water-cooled gate valve, a water-cooled metal split structure is arranged around the central material leakage port, the water-cooled metal split structure comprises a plurality of water-cooled metal boxes, bubbling ports and base slits, a base slit is arranged between the two water-cooled metal boxes, the bubbling ports are symmetrically arranged at the half of the radius of the crucible base on the upper surface of each water-cooled metal box, the number of the bubbling ports is half of the number of the water-cooled metal boxes, the lower surfaces of the water-cooled metal boxes are provided with water inlet pipes and water outlet pipes, the lower surfaces of the water-cooled metal boxes are also provided with water inlet pipes and heat-insulating grooves, the bubbling ports are connected with the upper surfaces of the bubbling metal boxes, and the base slits, and the bubbling ports are connected with the base bases, and the upper surfaces of the bubbling metal boxes;
the medium-frequency induction heating system comprises a temperature thermocouple, an isolation transmitter, a temperature controller, a medium-frequency induction power supply and a medium-frequency induction coil, wherein the temperature thermocouple is arranged in the temperature measuring hole, the medium-frequency induction coil is sleeved outside the leakage pipe, the medium-frequency induction coil is powered by the medium-frequency induction power supply, and the temperature thermocouple is connected with the temperature controller through the isolation transmitter.
The temperature thermocouple is a high-temperature resistant S-shaped (platinum rhodium 10% -platinum) thermocouple, the thermocouple is sleeved in a metal sleeve after insulation treatment to prevent high-frequency and medium-frequency electromagnetic interference, and the material of the metal sleeve of the thermocouple is usually copper or stainless steel; the temperature measuring thermocouple has a temperature measuring point as close as possible to the material leaking pipe fixing flange, is positioned at a position 5mm near the upper part of the medium-frequency induction coil, extends into the material leaking pipe deeply and is 2-4 mm away from the conical material leaking port.
The material of the leakage pipe is 690 alloy, 310S, 304 or 316, and the leakage pipe is processed and then demagnetized, and the length of the leakage pipe is preferably that the temperature at the thermocouple and the temperature gradient of the center of the medium-frequency induction coil are between 100 and 150 ℃; the upper limit temperature of the center of a material leaking channel of the material leaking pipe is not higher than 1150 ℃, the long-time working temperature is not higher than 1100 ℃, the conical material leaking port is in an inverted trumpet shape, the taper is 60-150 degrees, and the best taper is 90-120 degrees.
The radial width of the heat conducting plate is 2-8 mm, and the best is 2-4 mm; the circumferential width takes the radian size with the relative bubbling port as the center of a circle as 20-30 degrees; the height of the heat conducting plate is 1-3 cm, and the best height is 1-2 cm.
The radial width of the heat insulation groove is 5-15 mm, and the best width is 5-10 mm; the circumferential width is 20-40 degrees with the radian taking the relative bubbling port as the center of a circle; the depth of the heat insulation groove is 2/5-1, preferably 3/5-4/5 of the thickness of the base.
The water-cooling metal box is made of stainless steel 304 or 316, and is demagnetized after being processed, and cooling water is introduced into the cavity of the metal box through a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe; the number of the water-cooling metal boxes is set to be 4-12 segments, and the best number is 6 or 8 segments.
The bubbling port extends out of the upper surface of the water-cooling metal box by 1-3 cm, and the optimal bubbling port is 1-2 cm.
The width of the base slit is 4-15 mm, and the best width is 4-8 mm.
The distance between the heat insulation groove and the heat conduction plate is 1-5 mm.
The refractory mortar is aluminosilicate, and the content of alumina in the aluminosilicate is not lower than 70% so as to ensure the refractoriness and sealing performance of the base.
The temperature controller combines a PLC (programmable logic controller) with a touch screen to realize the functions of parameter setting, PID (proportion integration differentiation) control, parameter display and data recording, and can realize double PID switching of temperature VS power and weight VS power; the working frequency of the medium-frequency induction power supply is 10-20 kHz, and the medium-frequency induction power supply works in a water cooling or air cooling mode; the length of the medium-frequency induction coil is optimally 1-3 cm of the lower edge of the leakage pipe exposed out of the bottom of the coil; the inner diameter of the medium-frequency induction coil is 1.1-1.3 of the outer diameter of the material leakage pipe.
The discharging method of the high-temperature glass of the cold crucible comprises the following steps:
1) After the glass in the cold crucible is ignited, expanded and melted, continuously adding new glass beads or glass clinker into the cold crucible in batches to reach a rated load state, wherein the temperature of a melt in the glass reaches 1150 ℃;
2) The bubbling flow rate of the bubbling port (16) is set to be 10-80L/h, and the best is 10-40L/h;
3) Adjusting the cooling flow of the water-cooling base to control the temperature difference between the inlet water and the outlet water of the base to be 20-40 ℃ and not to exceed the critical temperature and pressure of the cooling water pipe;
4) Starting a medium-frequency induction heating power supply and a temperature controller;
5) Setting a temperature-raising program on a touch screen of the temperature controller: the heating rate is 20-50 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches 400 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5-10 min, then the heating rate is changed to 30-60 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches 700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-8 min, then the heating rate is changed to 30-50 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches T L The temperature is constant when the glass liquidus temperature is plus 30-50 ℃;
5) Setting a weight control program on a touch screen of the temperature controller according to the requirement of the discharge flow;
6) The temperature controller compares a set segmented temperature curve (SV) with a measured temperature signal (PV) of the thermocouple passing through the isolation transmitter, performs PID analysis, outputs a control signal to the intermediate frequency power supply, and the intermediate frequency power supply transfers energy to the material leakage pipe through the intermediate frequency induction coil;
7) Opening the water-cooled gate valve (9), discharging the glass to a glass storage tank, immediately switching to weight VS power PID control after the materials to be discharged and the weight signals are stable, namely comparing a set segmented weight curve (SV) with actually measured weight signals (PV) of leaked glass by a controller, carrying out PID analysis, outputting control signals to a medium-frequency power supply, transmitting energy to a material leakage pipe by the medium-frequency power supply through a medium-frequency induction coil, and further controlling the discharge flow rate of high-temperature glass in a material leakage pipe channel (22);
8) When the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the medium-frequency power supply is turned off through PID control, and when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the water-cooling gate valve (9) is closed to complete a round of discharging process;
9) And continuously feeding materials into the cold crucible, and carrying out the next discharging process after the materials are completely melted and reach the rated glass load.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The split gap of the crucible base of the device is filled with aluminosilicate refractory mortar, so that the sealing performance and the electrical insulation performance of the device can be improved;
2) The center of the crucible base adopts a symmetrical slotted structure, so that the problem of central material leakage caused by water-cooling split supercooling is avoided;
3) The heat-conducting plates with the same number as that of the heat-insulating grooves are added in the center of the base of the device, and the symmetrically designed bubbling openings are combined, so that the heat of the molten glass above the cold shell can be conducted to the material leakage opening under the condition of not using a top water-cooling mechanical stirring device, thereby being beneficial to the leakage of high-temperature glass at the material leakage opening and the discharge of noble metals;
4) According to the medium-frequency induction heating system of the device, a platinum-rhodium thermocouple with a metal sleeve is additionally arranged at the upper end of the leakage pipe, the platinum-rhodium thermocouple is input into a temperature controller through photoelectric isolation, the output of a medium-frequency power supply is further controlled, and double PID control can be realized by combining a weight signal of a glass storage tank, so that the problems of ultrahigh-temperature operation and low service life of the leakage pipe can be effectively avoided;
5) The material leaking pipe of the device is directly fixed at the lower part of the center of the base by using the tray and does not extend into the base, so that the assembly and disassembly difficulty of the cold crucible is reduced, and the long-distance maintenance and replacement of the manipulator are convenient during the radioactive operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the bottom of a cold crucible (below a high-frequency coil) according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the base structure of the water-cooled cold crucible of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a frit configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a material leaking pipe fixing flange of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the water-cooled gate valve of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a mid-frequency induction control system of the present disclosure.
In the figure: 1-water cooling the crucible wall; 2-high frequency induction coil; 3-water-cooling the metal box; 4-a refractory base; 5. 17 and 20-fire clay caulking; 6-temperature thermocouple; 7-medium frequency induction coil; 8, a material leakage pipe; 9-water-cooled gate valve; 10 and 12-water inlet and outlet pipes; 11-an inlet pipe; 13-a leakage pipe fixed flange; 14-central material leakage port; 15-a water-cooled crucible base split structure; 16-a bubbling port; 18-a heat-conducting plate; 19-a heat insulation groove; 21-temperature measuring hole; 22-a leakage channel; 23-fixing flange positioning bolt holes; 24, perforating a leakage pipe; 25-water inlet and outlet pipes of the water-cooled gate valve; 26-water cooling gate valve water cooling chamber.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, it can be seen that the cold crucible of the present invention comprises a water-cooled crucible wall 1, a high-frequency induction coil 2 and a water-cooled crucible base, wherein the high-frequency induction coil 2 is arranged around the water-cooled crucible wall 1, and the water-cooled crucible wall 1 and the water-cooled crucible base are arranged on a refractory base 4, and the cold crucible is characterized in that: the water-cooled crucible base comprises a material leakage pipe 8, a central material leakage opening 14, a water-cooled metal split structure 15 and an intermediate frequency induction heating system,
the central material leakage port 14 is positioned in the center of the water-cooled crucible base, and comprises an inverted cone material leakage port, a plurality of groups of heat conducting plates 18 and heat insulation grooves 19 which are symmetrically distributed from inside to outside and are arranged relative to the center of the inverted cone material leakage port 14, the lower end of the central material leakage port 14 is fixedly connected with the material leakage pipe 8 through a material leakage pipe fixing flange 13, a temperature measuring hole 21 is arranged on the outer side of the upper end of the material leakage pipe 8, a water-cooled gate valve 9 is arranged at the lower end of the material leakage pipe 8, a water-cooled metal split structure 15 is arranged around the central material leakage port 14, the water-cooled metal split structure 15 comprises a plurality of water-cooled metal boxes 3, bubbling ports 16 and base slits 17, a base slit 17 is arranged between the two water-cooled bubbling metal boxes 3, the bubbling ports 16 are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of each water-cooled metal box 3 at the position of half of the radius of the crucible base, the number of the bubbling ports 16 is half of the number of the water-cooled metal boxes 3, a water-cooled bubbling port 10 and a water outlet pipe 12 are arranged on the lower surface of the water-cooled metal box 3, the water-cooled bubbling ports 16 are connected with the heat insulation grooves 11 of the crucible base, and the water-cooled metal box, and the upper surface of the crucible base, the crucible base are connected with the water-cooled metal box 3, and the upper surface of the crucible base, and the heat insulation grooves 16, and the crucible base are connected with the water-cooled bubbling ports 11;
the medium-frequency induction heating system comprises a temperature thermocouple 6, an isolation transmitter, a temperature controller, a medium-frequency induction power supply and a medium-frequency induction coil 7, wherein the temperature thermocouple 6 is arranged in the temperature measuring hole 21, the medium-frequency induction coil 7 is sleeved outside the leakage pipe 8, the medium-frequency induction coil 7 is powered by the medium-frequency induction power supply, and the temperature thermocouple 6 is connected with the temperature controller through the isolation transmitter.
The temperature thermocouple 6 is a high-temperature resistant S-type (platinum rhodium 10% -platinum) thermocouple, the thermocouple is sleeved in a metal sleeve after insulation treatment to prevent high-frequency and medium-frequency electromagnetic interference, and the material of the metal sleeve of the thermocouple is usually copper or stainless steel; the temperature measuring point 21 of the temperature measuring thermocouple is as close as possible to the leakage material pipe fixing flange 13, is positioned at a position 5mm near the upper part of the medium-frequency induction coil 7, extends into the leakage material pipe deeply and is 2-4 mm away from the conical leakage material port.
The material of the material leaking pipe 8 is 690 alloy, 310S, 304 or 316, and the material leaking pipe is processed and then is degaussed, and the length of the material leaking pipe 8 is preferably that the temperature at the thermocouple and the temperature gradient of the center of the medium-frequency induction coil are between 100 and 150 ℃; the upper limit temperature of the center of the material leaking channel 22 of the material leaking pipe 8 is not higher than 1150 ℃, the long-time working temperature is not higher than 1100 ℃, the conical material leaking port is in an inverted trumpet shape, the taper is 60-150 degrees, and the best is 90-120 degrees.
The radial width of the heat conducting plate 18 is 2-8 mm, and the best is 2-4 mm; the circumferential width takes the radian size with the relative bubbling port as the center of a circle as 20-30 degrees; the height of the heat conducting plate 18 is 1-3 cm, preferably 1-2 cm.
The radial width of the heat insulation groove 19 is 5-15 mm, preferably 5-10 mm; the circumferential width is 20-40 degrees by taking the relative bubbling port as the radian of the circle center; the depth of the heat insulation groove is 2/5-1, preferably 3/5-4/5 of the thickness of the base.
The water-cooling metal box 3 is made of stainless steel 304 or 316, and is demagnetized after being processed, and cooling water is introduced into the cavity of the metal box through a water inlet pipe 10 and a water outlet pipe 12; the number of the water-cooling metal boxes 3 is set to be 4-12, and the best number is 6 or 8.
The bubbling port 16 extends out of the upper surface of the water-cooling metal box 3 by 1-3 cm, and the optimal value is 1-2 cm.
The width of the base slit 17 is 4-15 mm, preferably 4-8 mm.
The distance between the heat insulation groove 19 and the heat conduction plate 18 is 1-5 mm.
The refractory mortar is aluminosilicate, and the content of alumina in the aluminosilicate is not lower than 70% so as to ensure the refractoriness and sealing performance of the base.
The temperature controller combines a PLC (programmable logic controller) with a touch screen to realize the functions of parameter setting, PID (proportion integration differentiation) control, parameter display and data recording, and can realize double PID switching of temperature VS power and weight VS power; the working frequency of the medium-frequency induction power supply is 10-20 kHz, and the medium-frequency induction power supply works in a water cooling or air cooling mode; the length of the medium-frequency induction coil 7 is optimally 1-3 cm from the bottom of the coil exposed from the lower edge of the leakage pipe; the inner diameter of the medium-frequency induction coil 7 is 1.1-1.3 of the outer diameter of the leakage pipe 8.
The method for discharging the high-temperature glass in the cold crucible comprises the following steps:
1) After the glass in the cold crucible is ignited, expanded and melted, continuously adding new glass beads or glass clinker into the cold crucible in batches to reach a rated load state, wherein the temperature of a melt in the glass reaches 1150 ℃;
2) The bubbling flow rate of the bubbling port (16) is set to be 10-80L/h, and the best is 10-40L/h;
3) Adjusting the cooling flow of the water-cooling base to control the temperature difference between the inlet water and the outlet water of the base to be 20-40 ℃ and not to exceed the critical temperature and pressure of the cooling water pipe;
4) In openingThe temperature control system comprises a frequency induction heating power supply and a temperature controller, and a temperature-rising program is set on a touch screen of the temperature controller: the heating rate is 20-50 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches 400 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5-10 min, then the heating rate is changed to 30-60 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches 700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-8 min, then the heating rate is changed to 30-50 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches T L The temperature is constant when the glass liquidus temperature is plus 30 to 50 ℃;
5) Setting a weight control program on a touch screen of the temperature controller according to the requirement of the discharge flow;
6) The temperature controller compares a set segmented temperature curve (SV) with a measured temperature signal (PV) of the thermocouple passing through the isolation transmitter, performs PID analysis, outputs a control signal to the intermediate frequency power supply, and the intermediate frequency power supply transmits energy to the material leakage pipe through the intermediate frequency induction coil;
7) Opening the water-cooled gate valve (9), discharging the glass into a glass storage tank, immediately switching to weight VS power PID control after the materials to be discharged and the weight signals are stable, namely comparing a set segmented weight curve (SV) with actually measured weight signals (PV) of leaked glass by a controller, carrying out PID analysis, outputting control signals to a medium-frequency power supply, transmitting energy to a material leakage pipe by the medium-frequency power supply through an induction coil, and further controlling the discharge flow rate of high-temperature glass in a material leakage pipe channel (22);
8) When the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the medium-frequency power supply is turned off through PID control, and when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the water-cooling gate valve (9) is closed to complete a round of discharging process;
9) And continuously feeding materials into the cold crucible, and carrying out the next discharging process after the materials are completely melted and reach the rated glass load.
Example 1
The inner diameter of the cold crucible is 350mm, and the cold crucible is made of water-cooling stainless steel; the thickness of the bottom of the crucible was 22mm, and the weight of the cold crucible filled with glass was about 100kg. The water-cooling metal split structure 15 be 6 split, the base cracks for 6mm, the tympanic bulla mouth quantity is 3, stretches out the upper surface 2cm of water-cooling box. Design for quantity of heat insulation grooves in central area of material leakage opening3, the radial width is 8mm, the depth is 20mm, and the radian with the relative bubbling port as the center is 30 degrees. The number of the heat conducting plates 18 is 3, the heat conducting plates are symmetrically distributed on the inner side of the heat insulation groove 19, the radial width is 3mm, the height is 2cm, and the radian with the relative bubbling openings as the circle centers is 20 degrees. Refractory mortar is filled among the base slit 17, the heat insulation groove 19 and the base and the crucible body, and the material is aluminosilicate. The alumina content of the aluminosilicate is 90%, and the silica content is 8%. 690 alloy leakage pipes are selected, the outer diameter is 40mm, the inner diameter is 16mm, and the total length is 170mm. The length of the intermediate frequency coil is 100mm, and the inner diameter is 60mm. Selection of liquidus temperature T L Is 900 ℃ borosilicate glass.
The discharging method of the high-temperature glass comprises the following steps:
1) After the glass in the cold crucible is ignited, expanded and melted (the weight of the glass in the crucible is 50 kg), new glass beads or glass clinker are continuously added into the cold crucible in batches to reach the load of about 100kg and the temperature in the melt is 1150 ℃;
2) Setting the bubbling flow rate of the bubbling port to be 25L/h;
3) Adjusting the flow rate of cooling water of a cold crucible base to be about 20-25 ℃ of temperature difference of inlet and outlet water;
4) Starting a medium-frequency induction heating power supply and a temperature controller, setting a temperature-raising program on a temperature controller touch screen, keeping the temperature at 400 ℃ for 5min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), keeping the temperature at 700 ℃ for 3min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), keeping the temperature at 950 ℃ for 3min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), and starting a temperature VS power PID control emptying program;
5) Setting a weight control program (0-10 min) on a temperature controller touch screen according to the speed of 5 kg/min;
6) Opening the water-cooled gate valve (9), discharging materials into the glass storage tank, and immediately switching to weight VS power PID control after the materials are discharged and the weight signals are stable;
7) After the material is discharged and the weight signal is stable, the controller automatically switches to weight VS power PID control;
8) When the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight (50 kg), the heating of the medium-frequency power supply is stopped in advance, and the water-cooling gate valve 9 is closed to finish one-time material leakage operation;
9) And continuously feeding materials into the cold crucible, and carrying out the next discharging process after the materials are completely melted and reach the rated glass load.
Example 2
The inner diameter of the cold crucible is 550mm, and the cold crucible is made of a water-cooling stainless steel arc plate; the crucible bottom thickness was designed to be 25mm and the cold crucible was loaded with about 400kg of glass weight. The water-cooling metal box 3 is set to be 8 split parts, the base is slotted 17 and is designed to be 8mm, the number of the bubbling openings 16 is 4, and the bubbling openings extend out of the upper surface of the water-cooling box by 2cm. The number of the heat insulation grooves 19 positioned in the central area of the material leakage opening is designed to be 4, the radial width is 10mm, the depth is 22mm, and the radian with the relative bubbling opening as the center is 40 degrees. The number of the heat-conducting plates is 4, the heat-conducting plates are symmetrically distributed on the inner side of the heat-insulating groove (19), the radial width is 4mm, the height is 2cm, and the radian with the relative bubbling openings as the circle centers is 30 degrees. Refractory mortar is filled among the base slit, the heat insulation groove and the crucible body, and the base slit, the heat insulation groove and the crucible body are made of aluminosilicate. The alumina content in the aluminosilicate was 90% and the silica content was 8%. 690 alloy leakage pipes are selected, the outer diameter is 50mm, the inner diameter is 18mm, and the total length is 180mm. The length of the intermediate frequency coil is 120mm, and the inner diameter is 80mm. Selection of liquidus temperature T L Is 900 ℃ borosilicate glass.
The discharge method of the high-temperature glass comprises the following steps:
1) After the glass in the cold crucible is ignited, expanded and melted (the weight of the glass in the crucible is 200 kg), new glass beads or glass clinker are continuously added into the cold crucible in batches, the glass in the crucible reaches the load of about 400kg, and the temperature in the melt is 1150 ℃;
2) The bubbling flow of the bubbling port is set to be 30L/h;
3) Adjusting the flow rate of cooling water of a cold crucible base to be about 25-30 ℃ of temperature difference of inlet and outlet water;
4) Starting a medium-frequency induction heating power supply and a temperature controller, setting a temperature-raising program on a temperature controller touch screen, keeping the temperature at 400 ℃ for 5min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), keeping the temperature at 700 ℃ for 5min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), keeping the temperature at 950 ℃ for 5min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), and starting a temperature VS power PID control emptying program;
5) Setting a weight control program (0-25 min) on a temperature controller touch screen according to the speed of 8 kg/min;
6) Opening the water-cooled gate valve 9, discharging materials into the glass storage tank, and immediately switching to weight VS power PID control after the materials are discharged and the weight signals are stable;
7) After the material is discharged and the weight signal is stable, the controller automatically switches to weight VS power PID control;
8) When the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight (200 kg), the heating of the medium-frequency power supply is stopped in advance, and a water-cooling gate valve is closed to finish one-time material leakage operation;
9) And continuously feeding materials into the cold crucible, and carrying out the next discharging process after the materials are completely melted and reach the rated glass load.
Claims (12)
1. A cold crucible base is characterized in that: the water-cooled crucible base comprises a material leakage pipe (8), a central material leakage opening (14), a water-cooled metal split structure (15) and an intermediate frequency induction heating system,
the central material leakage opening (14) is positioned at the center of the water-cooled crucible base and comprises an inverted cone material leakage opening, a plurality of groups of heat conducting plates (18) and heat insulating grooves (19) which are arranged opposite to the inverted cone material leakage opening and are distributed in a central symmetry way, the lower end of the central material leakage opening (14) is connected with the material leakage pipe (8) through a material leakage pipe fixing flange (13), a temperature measuring hole (21) is arranged at the outer side of the upper end of the material leakage pipe (8), a water-cooled gate valve (9) is arranged at the lower end of the material leakage pipe (8), and a water-cooled metal split structure (15) is arranged around the central material leakage opening (14), water-cooling metal split structure (15) include a plurality of water-cooling metal box (3), tympanic bulla mouth (16) and base and crack (17), it cracks (17) to be the base between two water-cooling metal box (3), set up at radial half department symmetry of crucible base at water-cooling metal box (3) upper surface tympanic bulla mouth (16), the quantity of tympanic bulla mouth (16) do the half of water-cooling metal box (3) quantity, the lower surface of water-cooling metal box (3) be equipped with inlet tube (10) and outlet pipe (12) the lower surface of water-cooling metal box (3) correspond to tympanic bulla mouth (16) still be equipped with intake pipe (11), intake pipe (11) pass the inner chamber and water-cooling mouth (16) of tympanic bulla metal box inner chamber and water-cooling mouth (11) pass tympanic bulla ) The bubbling port (16) is higher than the upper surface of the water-cooled metal box (3), and fire clay is filled in a connecting joint (5) between the base and the crucible body, a base slit (17) and a heat insulation groove (19);
the medium-frequency induction heating system comprises a temperature thermocouple (6), an isolation transmitter, a temperature controller, a medium-frequency induction power supply and a medium-frequency induction coil (7), wherein the temperature thermocouple (6) is arranged in a temperature measuring hole (21), the medium-frequency induction coil (7) is sleeved outside a material leakage pipe (8), the medium-frequency induction coil (7) is powered by the medium-frequency induction power supply, and the temperature thermocouple (6) is connected with the temperature controller through the isolation transmitter.
2. The cold crucible base of claim 1, wherein the temperature thermocouple (6) is a high temperature resistant S-type thermocouple, which is sheathed in a metal sleeve after insulation treatment to prevent high frequency and medium frequency electromagnetic interference, and the metal sleeve of the thermocouple is made of copper or stainless steel; the temperature measuring point (21) of the temperature measuring thermocouple is close to the material leaking pipe fixing flange (13), is positioned at the upper part of the medium-frequency induction coil (7) by 5mm, extends into the material leaking pipe deeply and is 2-4 mm away from the conical material leaking port.
3. The cold crucible base according to claim 1, wherein the material of the material leaking pipe (8) is 690 alloy, 310S stainless steel, 304 stainless steel or 316 stainless steel, and the material leaking pipe is demagnetized after being processed, and the length of the material leaking pipe (8) is within 100-150 ℃ of the temperature gradient between the temperature at the thermocouple and the center of the medium frequency induction coil; the upper limit temperature of the center of a material leaking channel (22) of the material leaking pipe (8) is not higher than 1150 ℃, the long-time working temperature is not higher than 1100 ℃, the conical material leaking port is in a flared shape, and the taper is 60 to 150 degrees.
4. The cold crucible base as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the heat-conducting plate (18) has a radial width of 2 to 8mm; the circumferential width takes the radian with the relative bubbling port as the center of a circle to be 20 to 30 degrees; the height of the heat conducting plate (18) is 1-3cm.
5. The cold crucible base as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radial width of the heat insulation groove (19) is 5 to 15mm; the radian of the circumference taking the relative bubbling port as the center of a circle is 20 to 40 degrees; the depth of the heat insulation groove is 2/5 to 1 of the thickness of the base.
6. The cold crucible base of claim 1, characterized in that the water-cooled metal box (3) is made of stainless steel 304 or 316, and is demagnetized after being processed, and cooling water is introduced into the cavity of the metal box through a water inlet pipe (10) and a water outlet pipe (12); the number of the water-cooling metal boxes (3) is set to be 4-12 split parts.
7. The cold crucible base according to claim 1, wherein the bubbling port (16) extends 1-3 cm from the upper surface of the water-cooled metal box (3).
8. The cold crucible base structure according to claim 1, wherein the base slit (27) has a width of 4 to 15mm.
9. The cold crucible base as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the distance of the heat insulation slot (19) from the heat conducting plate (18) is 1 to 5mm.
10. The cold crucible base of claim 1, wherein the refractory mortar is an aluminosilicate having an alumina content of not less than 70% to ensure refractoriness and sealing performance of the base.
11. The cold crucible base of claim 1, wherein the temperature controller uses a PLC in combination with a touch screen to realize the functions of parameter setting, PID control, parameter display and data recording, and can realize double PID switching of PID control of power according to temperature and PID control of power according to weight; the working frequency of the medium-frequency induction power supply is 10 to 20kHz, and the medium-frequency induction power supply works in a water cooling or air cooling mode; the length of the medium-frequency induction coil (7) is 1-3cm, wherein the lower edge of the material leakage pipe is exposed out of the bottom of the coil; the inner diameter of the medium-frequency induction coil (7) is 1.1 to 1.3 times of the outer diameter of the material leaking pipe (8).
12. Method for discharging a cold crucible having a cold crucible base according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) After the glass in the cold crucible is ignited, expanded and melted, continuously adding new glass beads or glass clinker into the cold crucible in batches to reach a rated load state, wherein the temperature of a melt in the glass reaches 1150 ℃;
2) Setting the bubbling flow rate of the bubbling port (16) to be 10 to 80L/h;
3) Adjusting the cooling flow of the water-cooling base to control the temperature difference between the inlet water and the outlet water of the base within 20-40 ℃ and not to exceed the critical temperature and pressure of the cooling water pipe;
4) Starting a medium-frequency induction heating power supply and a temperature controller;
5) Setting a temperature-raising program on a touch screen of the temperature controller: the heating rate is 20 to 50 ℃/min, the temperature is kept constant for 5 to 10min when the temperature reaches 400 ℃, then the heating rate is changed to 30 to 60 ℃/min, the temperature is kept constant for 3 to 8min when the temperature reaches 700 ℃, then the heating rate is changed to 30 to 50 ℃/min, and when the temperature reaches T L Keeping the temperature constant at 30-50 ℃; t is a unit of L Is the glass liquidus temperature;
6) Setting a weight control program on a touch screen of the temperature controller according to the requirement of the discharge flow;
7) The temperature controller compares a set segmented temperature curve (SV) with a measured temperature signal (PV) of a thermocouple passing through the isolation transmitter, performs PID analysis, outputs a control signal to the intermediate frequency power supply, and the intermediate frequency power supply transmits energy to the material leakage pipe through the induction coil;
8) Opening the water-cooled gate valve (9), discharging materials into a glass storage tank, immediately switching to PID control of power according to weight after the materials are discharged and weight signals are stable, namely comparing a set segmented weight curve (SV) with actually measured weight signals (PV) of leaked glass by a controller, carrying out PID analysis, outputting control signals to an intermediate frequency power supply, transmitting energy to a material leakage pipe by the intermediate frequency power supply through an induction coil, and further controlling the discharge flow rate of high-temperature glass in a material leakage pipe channel (22);
9) When the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the medium-frequency power supply is turned off through PID control, and when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the water-cooling gate valve (9) is closed to complete a round of discharging process;
and continuously feeding materials into the cold crucible, and carrying out the next discharging process after the materials are completely melted and reach the rated glass load.
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| JP2004317096A (en) * | 2003-04-21 | 2004-11-11 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Metal melting and atomizing apparatus |
| WO2016029085A2 (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2016-02-25 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Induction melter for glass melting and systems and methods for controlling induction-based melters |
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