CN113137858A - Cold crucible base and discharging method thereof - Google Patents

Cold crucible base and discharging method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113137858A
CN113137858A CN202110599794.8A CN202110599794A CN113137858A CN 113137858 A CN113137858 A CN 113137858A CN 202110599794 A CN202110599794 A CN 202110599794A CN 113137858 A CN113137858 A CN 113137858A
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temperature
water
pipe
base
medium
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CN113137858B (en
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裴广庆
唐景平
陈树彬
陈庆希
凡思军
钱敏
邹兆松
薛天锋
胡丽丽
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/20—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/0806—Charging or discharging devices
    • F27B2014/0818—Discharging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a cold crucible base and a discharging method, wherein the cold crucible base structure comprises a discharging pipe, a central discharging hole, a water-cooling metal split structure and a medium-frequency induction heating system.

Description

Cold crucible base and discharging method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear waste glass solidification, in particular to a cold crucible base and a discharging method thereof.
Background
The cold crucible device is a core unit of the nuclear waste glass solidification equipment. The device is required to complete the working procedures of feeding, melting, stirring, bubbling, discharging and the like, and is provided with a cooling water system, a high-frequency induction heating system, a tail gas treatment system, an automatic control system and the like.
The cold crucible wall (1) is usually of a segmented structure, and cooling water is introduced into a segmented metal pipe or an arc-shaped metal plate. Since the crucible wall temperature generally does not exceed 200 ℃, the glass in contact with the cold wall solidifies, forming a "cold shell" typically having a thickness of about 1 cm. The bottom of the crucible is also a water-cooled metal plate and the glass is completely contained in a solid glass "cold shell", hence the name cold crucible induction heating furnace. A high frequency induction coil (2) is surrounded around the crucible, and the coil provides a high frequency magnetic field to generate induction current in the molten glass, and the melt in the crucible is heated through Joule heating effect, so that the induction melting process of the glass is realized. The whole crucible body and the crucible bottom are fixed on a refractory base (4). Due to the existence of the cold shell, the cold crucible is not easy to corrode, and the service life is long. And (3) after the glass in the cold crucible reaches a stable state, discharging the high-temperature glass into a glass storage tank by using a freeze-thaw valve or a gate valve, and finishing the discharging process after the preset discharging weight is reached. Then the periodic operations of feeding, melting, discharging and the like are carried out.
The French atomic energy Committee discloses a gate valve discharging structure (CN00802430.8), which has good compatibility with refractory glass, but the discharging flow of the glass is not easy to control, and the overflow of a glass storage tank is easy to cause accidents. Meanwhile, the gate valve is complex in structure, not easy to replace and difficult to maintain in a high-radioactivity environment in a long distance.
IdahoFalls in the United states discloses a cold crucible freezing and thawing valve discharging structure (US2005/0111518A1), the freezing and thawing valve adopts medium-frequency induction heating, can realize rapid discharging and closing operation, but has poor compatibility to refractory glass, is easy to crystallize, and causes difficult or even blockage of repeated discharging. Meanwhile, the poor temperature control can cause erosion to the material of the freeze-thaw valve, and particularly, when the glass solidification of refractory high-level wastes is operated, the temperature needs to be raised, so that the service life is influenced.
Korean hydraulic atomic force corporation disclosed a cold crucible freeze-thaw valve base discharge structure (CN103180682B) which employs a downward inclined water-cooled bottom plate eccentric to one side, in combination with eccentric freeze-thaw valve discharge, to improve high-frequency induction heating efficiency, thereby allowing refractory materials to be discharged as well. But the structural design of the base is relatively complex, the material leakage pipe adopts a water-cooling grid structure, the discharging temperature is not easy to control, and the discharging flow rate is not easy to control.
The Chinese atomic energy science research institute discloses a high-temperature melt freeze-thaw valve discharging device (CN201610478762.1) for a cold crucible, which is relatively simple in structure, but the material leaking pipe directly extends into the crucible bottom by 2cm, so that the discharging of precious metals is not facilitated, and the material leaking pipe is not easy to replace remotely when deformed or damaged.
Meanwhile, the common temperature thermocouple is poor in anti-interference capability and not beneficial to remote operation of discharging due to the influence of high-frequency and medium-frequency electromagnetic induction. Therefore, the temperature control of discharging is one of the bottlenecks affecting the remote control of the discharging operation of the cold crucible glass solidification, and the above patents are not related.
In addition, the position selection of the discharge hole is also a key parameter of the design of the bottom of the cold crucible, most of cold crucibles are usually designed in an eccentric structure, and the discharge of glass at a higher temperature (skin depth) is facilitated by combining a top water-cooling stirring mechanical structure. But the structural design of the water-cooling mechanical stirring machine is complex, and the assembly difficulty of the crucible top structure is increased. Moreover, the metal material of the stirring paddle is easily corroded by the gas phase and the liquid phase of the high-temperature glass, and the reliability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the design of the bottom of the existing cold crucible, the invention provides a cold crucible base and a discharging method.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a cold crucible base is characterized in that: the water-cooled crucible base comprises a material leakage pipe, a central material leakage opening, a water-cooled metal split structure and an intermediate frequency induction heating system,
the central material leakage port is positioned at the center of the water-cooled crucible base and comprises an inverted cone material leakage port, a plurality of groups of heat conducting plates and heat insulation grooves which are arranged opposite to the inverted cone material leakage port and are distributed symmetrically at the center, the lower end of the central material leakage port is connected with the material leakage pipe through a material leakage pipe fixing flange, the outer side of the upper end of the material leakage pipe is provided with a temperature measuring hole, the lower end of the material leakage pipe is provided with a water-cooled gate valve, the water-cooled metal split structure is arranged around the central material leakage port, the water-cooled metal split structure comprises a plurality of water-cooled metal boxes, bubbling ports and base slots, the base slots are arranged between the two water-cooled metal boxes, the bubbling ports are symmetrically arranged on the upper surface of each water-cooled metal box at the half of the radius of the crucible base, and the number of the bubbling ports is half of the number of the water-cooled metal boxes, the lower surface of the water-cooling metal box is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the lower surface of the water-cooling metal box is also provided with an air inlet pipe corresponding to the bubbling port, the air inlet pipe penetrates through the inner cavity of the water-cooling metal box and is connected with the bubbling port, the bubbling port is higher than the upper surface of the water-cooling metal box, and refractory mortar is filled in a connecting joint between the base and the crucible body, a base slit and a heat insulation groove;
the medium-frequency induction heating system comprises a temperature thermocouple, an isolation transmitter, a temperature controller, a medium-frequency induction power supply and a medium-frequency induction coil, wherein the temperature thermocouple is arranged in the temperature measuring hole, the leakage pipe is sleeved with the medium-frequency induction coil, the medium-frequency induction coil is powered by the medium-frequency induction power supply, and the temperature thermocouple is connected with the temperature controller through the isolation transmitter.
The temperature thermocouple is a high-temperature resistant S-shaped (platinum rhodium 10% -platinum) thermocouple, the thermocouple is sleeved in a metal sleeve after insulation treatment to prevent high-frequency and medium-frequency electromagnetic interference, and the material of the metal sleeve of the thermocouple is usually copper or stainless steel; the temperature measuring thermocouple has a temperature measuring point as close as possible to the material leaking pipe fixing flange, is positioned at a position 5mm near the upper part of the medium-frequency induction coil, extends into the material leaking pipe deeply and is 2-4 mm away from the conical material leaking port.
The material of the leakage pipe is 690 alloy, 310S, 304 or 316, and the leakage pipe is processed and then demagnetized, and the length of the leakage pipe is preferably that the temperature at the thermocouple and the temperature gradient of the center of the medium-frequency induction coil are between 100 and 150 ℃; and the upper limit temperature of the center of a material leaking channel of the material leaking pipe is not higher than 1150 ℃, the long-time working temperature is not higher than 1100 ℃, the conical material leaking port is in an inverted trumpet shape, the taper is 60-150 degrees, and the best is 90-120 degrees.
The radial width of the heat conducting plate is 2-8 mm, and the best width is 2-4 mm; the circumferential width of the bubble-making device takes the radian of the relative bubble opening as the center of a circle as 20-30 degrees; the height of the heat conducting plate is 1-3 cm, and the best height is 1-2 cm.
The radial width of the heat insulation groove is 5-15 mm, and the best width is 5-10 mm; the circumferential width is 20-40 degrees in radian with the relative bubbling openings as the centers of circles; the depth of the heat insulation groove is 2/5-1, preferably 3/5-4/5 of the thickness of the base.
The water-cooling metal box is made of stainless steel 304 or 316, and is demagnetized after being processed, and cooling water is introduced into the cavity of the metal box through a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe; the number of the water-cooling metal boxes is set to be 4-12 segments, and the best number is 6 or 8 segments.
The bubbling opening extends out of the upper surface of the water-cooling metal box by 1-3 cm, and the optimal bubbling opening is 1-2 cm.
The base is slotted 4-15 mm wide, preferably 4-8 mm wide.
The distance between the heat insulation groove and the heat conduction plate is 1-5 mm.
The refractory mortar is aluminosilicate, and the content of alumina in the aluminosilicate is not lower than 70% so as to ensure the refractoriness and sealing performance of the base.
The temperature controller combines a PLC (programmable logic controller) with a touch screen to realize the functions of parameter setting, PID (proportion integration differentiation) control, parameter display and data recording, and can realize double PID switching of temperature VS power and weight VS power; the working frequency of the medium-frequency induction power supply is 10-20 kHz, and the medium-frequency induction power supply works in a water cooling or air cooling mode; the length of the medium-frequency induction coil is optimally 1-3 cm of the lower edge of the leakage pipe exposed out of the bottom of the coil; the inner diameter of the medium-frequency induction coil is 1.1-1.3 of the outer diameter of the material leaking pipe.
The discharging method of the high-temperature glass of the cold crucible comprises the following steps:
1) after the glass in the cold crucible is ignited, expanded and melted, continuously adding new glass beads or glass clinker into the cold crucible in batches to reach a rated load state, wherein the temperature of a melt in the glass reaches 1150 ℃;
2) the bubbling flow rate of the bubbling opening (16) is set to be 10-80L/h, and the best bubbling flow rate is 10-40L/h;
3) adjusting the cooling flow of the water-cooling base to control the temperature difference between the inlet water and the outlet water of the base to be 20-40 ℃ and not to exceed the critical temperature and pressure of the cooling water pipe;
4) starting a medium-frequency induction heating power supply and a temperature controller;
5) setting a temperature-raising program on a touch screen of the temperature controller: the heating rate is 20-50 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches 400 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5-10 min, then the heating rate is changed to 30-60 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches 700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-8 min, then the heating rate is changed to 30-50 ℃/min, and when the temperature reaches TLKeeping the temperature constant when the glass liquidus temperature is plus 30-50 ℃;
5) setting a weight control program on a touch screen of the temperature controller according to the requirement of the discharge flow;
6) the temperature controller compares a set segmented temperature curve (SV) with a measured temperature signal (PV) of the thermocouple passing through the isolation transmitter, performs PID analysis, outputs a control signal to the intermediate frequency power supply, and the intermediate frequency power supply transmits energy to the material leakage pipe through the intermediate frequency induction coil;
7) opening the water-cooled gate valve (9), discharging materials into a glass storage tank, immediately switching to weight VS power PID control after the materials are discharged and weight signals are stable, namely comparing a set segmented weight curve (SV) with actually measured weight signals (PV) of leaked glass by a controller, carrying out PID analysis, outputting control signals to an intermediate frequency power supply, transmitting energy to a material leakage pipe by the intermediate frequency power supply through an intermediate frequency induction coil, and further controlling the discharge flow rate of high-temperature glass in a material leakage pipe channel (22);
8) when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the medium-frequency power supply is turned off through PID control, and when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the water-cooling gate valve (9) is closed to complete a round of discharging process;
9) and continuously feeding materials into the cold crucible, and carrying out the next discharging process after the materials are completely melted and reach the rated glass load.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the split gap of the crucible base of the device is filled with aluminosilicate refractory mortar, so that the sealing performance and the electrical insulation performance of the device can be improved;
2) the center of the crucible base adopts a symmetrical slotted structure, so that the problem of central material leakage caused by water-cooling split supercooling is avoided;
3) the heat-conducting plates with the same number as that of the heat-insulating grooves are added in the center of the base of the device, and the symmetrically designed bubbling openings are combined, so that the heat of the molten glass above the cold shell can be conducted to the material leakage opening under the condition of not using a top water-cooling mechanical stirring device, thereby being beneficial to the leakage of high-temperature glass at the material leakage opening and the discharge of noble metals;
4) according to the medium-frequency induction heating system of the device, the platinum-rhodium thermocouple with the metal sleeve is additionally arranged at the upper end of the leakage pipe and is input into the temperature controller through photoelectric isolation, the output of a medium-frequency power supply is further controlled, the double-PID control can be realized by combining the weight signal of the glass storage tank, and the problems of ultrahigh-temperature operation and low service life of the leakage pipe can be effectively avoided;
5) the material leaking pipe of the device is directly fixed on the lower portion of the center of the base through the tray and does not extend into the base, so that the assembling and disassembling difficulty of the cold crucible is reduced, and the long-distance maintenance and replacement of the manipulator are facilitated during radioactive operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the bottom of a cold crucible (below a high-frequency coil) according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the base structure of the water-cooled cold crucible of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a frit configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a material leaking pipe fixing flange of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the water-cooled gate valve of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a mid-frequency induction control system of the present disclosure.
In the figure: 1-water cooling the crucible wall; 2-high frequency induction coil; 3-water-cooling the metal box; 4-a refractory base; 5. 17& 20-fire clay caulking; 6-temperature thermocouple; 7-intermediate frequency induction coil; 8, a material leakage pipe; 9-water-cooled gate valve; 10& 12-water inlet and outlet pipes; 11-inlet pipe; 13-a leakage pipe fixed flange; 14-central material leakage port; 15-a water-cooled crucible base split structure; 16-a bubbling port; 18-a heat-conducting plate; 19-a heat insulation groove; 21-temperature measuring hole; 22-a leakage channel; 23-fixing flange positioning bolt holes; 24, perforating a leakage pipe; 25-water inlet and outlet pipes of the water-cooled gate valve; 26-water cooling gate valve water cooling chamber.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, it can be seen that the cold crucible of the present invention comprises a water-cooled crucible wall 1, a high-frequency induction coil 2 and a water-cooled crucible base, wherein the high-frequency induction coil 2 is arranged around the water-cooled crucible wall 1, and the water-cooled crucible wall 1 and the water-cooled crucible base are arranged on a refractory base 4, and the cold crucible is characterized in that: the water-cooled crucible base comprises a material leakage pipe 8, a central material leakage opening 14, a water-cooled metal split structure 15 and an intermediate frequency induction heating system,
the central material leakage opening 14 is positioned at the center of the water-cooled crucible base and comprises an inverted cone material leakage opening, a plurality of groups of heat conducting plates 18 and heat insulating grooves 19 which are symmetrically distributed from inside to outside and are arranged relative to the inverted cone material leakage opening 14, the lower end of the central material leakage opening 14 is fixedly connected with the material leakage pipe 8 through a material leakage pipe fixing flange 13, the outer side of the upper end of the material leakage pipe 8 is provided with a temperature measuring hole 21, the lower end of the material leakage pipe 8 is provided with a water-cooled gate valve 9, the water-cooled metal split structure 15 is arranged around the central material leakage opening 14, the water-cooled metal split structure 15 comprises a plurality of water-cooled metal boxes 3, bubbling openings 16 and base slots 17, a base slot 17 is arranged between the two water-cooled bubbling metal boxes 3, the water-cooled bubbling openings 16 are symmetrically arranged at the half of the radius of the crucible base on the upper surface of each water-cooled metal box 3, the number of the bubbling openings 16 is half of that of the water-cooled metal box 3, the lower surface of the water-cooled metal box 3 is provided with a water inlet pipe 10 and a water outlet pipe 12, the lower surface of the water-cooled metal box 3 is also provided with an air inlet pipe 11 corresponding to the bubbling openings 16, the air inlet pipe 11 passes through the inner cavity of the water-cooled metal box and is connected with the bubbling openings (16), the bubbling openings 16 are higher than the upper surface of the water-cooled metal box 3, and refractory mortar is filled in the connecting seam 5 between the base and the crucible body, the base slit 17 and the heat insulation groove 19;
the medium-frequency induction heating system comprises a temperature thermocouple 6, an isolation transmitter, a temperature controller, a medium-frequency induction power supply and a medium-frequency induction coil 7, wherein the temperature thermocouple 6 is arranged in the temperature measuring hole 21, the medium-frequency induction coil 7 is sleeved outside the material leakage pipe 8, the medium-frequency induction coil 7 is powered by the medium-frequency induction power supply, and the temperature thermocouple 6 is connected with the temperature controller through the isolation transmitter.
The temperature thermocouple 6 is a high-temperature resistant S-type (platinum rhodium 10% -platinum) thermocouple, the thermocouple is sleeved in a metal sleeve after insulation treatment to prevent high-frequency and medium-frequency electromagnetic interference, and the material of the metal sleeve of the thermocouple is usually copper or stainless steel; the temperature measuring point 21 of the temperature measuring thermocouple is as close as possible to the leakage material pipe fixing flange 13, is positioned at a position 5mm near the upper part of the medium-frequency induction coil 7, extends into the leakage material pipe deeply and is 2-4 mm away from the conical leakage material port.
The material of the material leaking pipe 8 is 690 alloy, 310S, 304 or 316, and the material leaking pipe is processed and then is degaussed, and the length of the material leaking pipe 8 is preferably that the temperature at the thermocouple and the temperature gradient of the center of the medium-frequency induction coil are between 100 and 150 ℃; and the upper limit temperature of the center of the material leaking channel 22 of the material leaking pipe 8 is not higher than 1150 ℃, the long-time working temperature is not higher than 1100 ℃, the conical material leaking port is in an inverted trumpet shape, the taper is 60-150 degrees, and the best is 90-120 degrees.
The radial width of the heat conducting plate 18 is 2-8 mm, and the best width is 2-4 mm; the circumferential width of the bubble-making device takes the radian of the relative bubble opening as the center of a circle as 20-30 degrees; the height of the heat conducting plate 18 is 1-3 cm, preferably 1-2 cm.
The radial width of the heat insulation groove 19 is 5-15 mm, and the best width is 5-10 mm; the circumferential width is 20-40 degrees in radian with the relative bubbling openings as the centers of circles; the depth of the heat insulation groove is 2/5-1, preferably 3/5-4/5 of the thickness of the base.
The water-cooling metal box 3 is made of stainless steel 304 or 316, and is demagnetized after being processed, and cooling water is introduced into the cavity of the metal box through a water inlet pipe 10 and a water outlet pipe 12; the number of the water-cooling metal boxes 3 is set to be 4-12 segments, and the best number is 6 or 8 segments.
The bubbling opening 16 extends out of the upper surface of the water-cooling metal box 3 by 1-3 cm, and the optimal length is 1-2 cm.
The base slit 17 has a width of 4-15 mm, preferably 4-8 mm.
The distance between the heat insulation groove 19 and the heat conduction plate 18 is 1-5 mm.
The refractory mortar is aluminosilicate, and the content of alumina in the aluminosilicate is not lower than 70% so as to ensure the refractoriness and sealing performance of the base.
The temperature controller combines a PLC (programmable logic controller) with a touch screen to realize the functions of parameter setting, PID (proportion integration differentiation) control, parameter display and data recording, and can realize double PID switching of temperature VS power and weight VS power; the working frequency of the medium-frequency induction power supply is 10-20 kHz, and the medium-frequency induction power supply works in a water cooling or air cooling mode; the length of the medium-frequency induction coil 7 is optimally 1-3 cm from the bottom of the coil exposed from the lower edge of the leakage pipe; the inner diameter of the medium-frequency induction coil 7 is 1.1-1.3 of the outer diameter of the material leaking pipe 8.
The discharging method of the cold crucible high-temperature glass comprises the following steps:
1) after the glass in the cold crucible is ignited, expanded and melted, continuously adding new glass beads or glass clinker into the cold crucible in batches to reach a rated load state, wherein the temperature of a melt in the glass reaches 1150 ℃;
2) the bubbling flow rate of the bubbling opening (16) is set to be 10-80L/h, and the best bubbling flow rate is 10-40L/h;
3) adjusting the cooling flow of the water-cooling base to control the temperature difference between the inlet water and the outlet water of the base to be 20-40 ℃ and not to exceed the critical temperature and pressure of the cooling water pipe;
4) starting an intermediate frequency induction heating power supply and a temperature controller, and setting a temperature-rising program on a touch screen of the temperature controller: the heating rate is 20-50 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches 400 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5-10 min, then the heating rate is changed to 30-60 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches 700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-8 min, then the heating rate is changed to 30-50 ℃/min, and when the temperature reaches TLKeeping the temperature constant when the glass liquidus temperature is plus 30-50 ℃;
5) setting a weight control program on a touch screen of the temperature controller according to the requirement of the discharge flow;
6) the temperature controller compares a set segmented temperature curve (SV) with a measured temperature signal (PV) of the thermocouple passing through the isolation transmitter, performs PID analysis, outputs a control signal to the intermediate frequency power supply, and transmits energy to the material leakage pipe through the intermediate frequency induction coil;
7) opening the water-cooled gate valve (9), discharging materials into a glass storage tank, immediately switching to weight VS power PID control after the materials are discharged and weight signals are stable, namely comparing a set segmented weight curve (SV) with actually measured weight signals (PV) of leaked glass by a controller, carrying out PID analysis, outputting control signals to an intermediate frequency power supply, transmitting energy to a material leakage pipe by the intermediate frequency power supply through an induction coil, and further controlling the discharge flow rate of high-temperature glass in a material leakage pipe channel (22);
8) when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the medium-frequency power supply is turned off through PID control, and when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the water-cooling gate valve (9) is closed to complete a round of discharging process;
9) and continuously feeding materials into the cold crucible, and carrying out the next discharging process after the materials are completely melted and reach the rated glass load.
Example 1
The inner diameter of the cold crucible is 350mm, and the cold crucible is made of water-cooled stainless steel; the thickness of the bottom of the crucible was 22mm, and the weight of the cold crucible filled with glass was about 100 kg. The water-cooling metal split structure 15 be 6 split, the base cracks for 6mm, and the tympanic bulla mouth quantity is 3, stretches out the upper surface 2cm of water-cooling box. The number of the heat insulation grooves in the central area of the material leakage opening is designed to be 3, the radial width is 8mm, the depth is 20mm, and the radian of the relative bubbling opening as the circle center is 30 degrees. The number of the heat conducting plates 18 is 3, the heat conducting plates are symmetrically distributed on the inner side of the heat insulation groove 19, the radial width is 3mm, the height is 2cm, and the radian with the relative bubbling port as the center is 20 degrees. Refractory mortar is filled among the base slit 17, the heat insulation groove 19 and the base and the crucible body, and the material is aluminosilicate. The alumina content in the aluminosilicate was 90% and the silica content was 8%. 690 alloy leakage pipes are selected, the outer diameter is 40mm, the inner diameter is 16mm, and the total length is 170 mm. The length of the intermediate frequency coil is 100mm, and the inner diameter is 60 mm. Selecting liquidus temperature TLIs 900 ℃ borosilicate glass.
The discharging method of the high-temperature glass comprises the following steps:
1) after the glass in the cold crucible is ignited, expanded and melted (the glass in the crucible is 50kg), continuously adding new glass beads or glass clinker into the cold crucible in batches to achieve the load of about 100kg and the temperature in the melt is 1150 ℃;
2) setting the bubbling flow rate of the bubbling port to be 25L/h;
3) adjusting the flow of cooling water of a cold crucible base to the temperature difference of inlet and outlet water of about 20-25 ℃;
4) starting a medium-frequency induction heating power supply and a temperature controller, setting a temperature-raising program on a temperature controller touch screen, keeping the temperature at 400 ℃ for 5min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), keeping the temperature at 700 ℃ for 3min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), keeping the temperature at 950 ℃ for 3min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), and starting a temperature VS power PID control emptying program;
5) setting a weight control program (0-10min) on a temperature controller touch screen according to the speed of 5 kg/min;
6) opening the water-cooled gate valve (9), discharging materials into the glass storage tank, and immediately switching to weight VS power PID control after the materials are discharged and the weight signals are stable;
7) after the material is discharged and the weight signal is stable, the controller automatically switches to weight VS power PID control;
8) when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight (50kg), the heating of the medium-frequency power supply is stopped in advance, and the water-cooling gate valve 9 is closed to finish one-time material leakage operation;
9) and continuously feeding materials into the cold crucible, and carrying out the next discharging process after the materials are completely melted and reach the rated glass load.
Example 2
The inner diameter of the cold crucible is 550mm, and the cold crucible is made of a water-cooling stainless steel arc plate; the thickness of the bottom of the crucible is designed to be 25mm and the cold crucible is loaded with about 400kg of glass. The water-cooling metal box 3 is set to be 8 split parts, the base is slotted 17 and is designed to be 8mm, the number of the bubbling openings 16 is 4, and the bubbling openings extend out of the upper surface of the water-cooling box by 2 cm. The number of the heat insulation grooves 19 positioned in the central area of the material leakage opening is designed to be 4, the radial width is 10mm, the depth is 22mm, and the radian with the relative bubbling opening as the center is 40 degrees. The number of the heat conducting plates is 4, the heat conducting plates are symmetrically distributed on the inner side of the heat insulation groove (19), the radial width is 4mm, the height is 2cm, and the radian with the relative bubbling port as the center is 30 degrees. Refractory mortar is filled among the base slit, the heat insulation groove and the crucible body, and the base slit, the heat insulation groove and the crucible body are made of aluminosilicate. The alumina content in the aluminosilicate was 90% and the silica content was 8%. 690 alloy leakage pipe with the outer diameter of 50mm and the inner diameter of18mm and a total length of 180 mm. The length of the intermediate frequency coil is 120mm, and the inner diameter is 80 mm. Selecting liquidus temperature TLIs 900 ℃ borosilicate glass.
The discharging method of the high-temperature glass comprises the following steps:
1) after the glass in the cold crucible is ignited, expanded and melted (the glass in the crucible is 200kg), continuously adding new glass beads or glass clinker into the cold crucible in batches, wherein the glass in the crucible reaches the load of about 400kg and the temperature in the melt is 1150 ℃;
2) setting the bubbling flow rate of the bubbling port to be 30L/h;
3) adjusting the flow of cooling water of a cold crucible base to the temperature difference of water inlet and outlet of about 25-30 ℃;
4) starting a medium-frequency induction heating power supply and a temperature controller, setting a temperature-raising program on a temperature controller touch screen, keeping the temperature at 400 ℃ for 5min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), keeping the temperature at 700 ℃ for 5min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), keeping the temperature at 950 ℃ for 5min (the temperature-raising rate is 50 ℃/min), and starting a temperature VS power PID control emptying program;
5) setting a weight control program (0-25min) on a temperature controller touch screen according to the speed of 8 kg/min;
6) opening the water-cooled gate valve 9, discharging materials into the glass storage tank, and immediately switching to weight VS power PID control after the materials are discharged and the weight signals are stable;
7) after the material is discharged and the weight signal is stable, the controller automatically switches to weight VS power PID control;
8) when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight (200kg), the heating of the medium-frequency power supply is stopped in advance, and a water-cooling gate valve is closed to finish one-time material leakage operation;
9) and continuously feeding materials into the cold crucible, and carrying out the next discharging process after the materials are completely melted and reach the rated glass load.

Claims (12)

1. A cold crucible base is characterized in that: the water-cooled crucible base comprises a material leakage pipe (8), a central material leakage opening (14), a water-cooled metal split structure (15) and an intermediate frequency induction heating system,
the central material leakage opening (14) is positioned at the center of the water-cooled crucible base and comprises an inverted cone material leakage opening, a plurality of groups of heat conducting plates (18) and heat insulating grooves (19) which are arranged opposite to the inverted cone material leakage opening and are distributed in a central symmetry way, the lower end of the central material leakage opening (14) is connected with the material leakage pipe (8) through a material leakage pipe fixing flange (13), the outer side of the upper end of the material leakage pipe (8) is provided with a temperature measuring hole (21), the lower end of the material leakage pipe (8) is provided with a water-cooled gate valve (9), the water-cooled metal split structure (15) is arranged around the central material leakage opening (14), the water-cooled metal split structure (15) comprises a plurality of bubbling water-cooled metal boxes (3), a bubbling water-cooled opening (16) and a base slot (17), and the base slot (17) is arranged between the two water-cooled metal boxes (3), the upper surface of each water-cooling metal box (3) is symmetrically provided with the bubbling openings (16) at the half of the radius of the crucible base, the number of the bubbling openings (16) is half of that of the water-cooling metal boxes (3), the lower surface of each water-cooling metal box (3) is provided with a water inlet pipe (10) and a water outlet pipe (12), the lower surface of each water-cooling metal box (3) is also provided with a gas inlet pipe (11) corresponding to the bubbling openings (16), the gas inlet pipe (11) penetrates through the inner cavity of each water-cooling metal box to be connected with the bubbling openings (16), the bubbling openings (16) are higher than the upper surface of the water-cooling metal boxes (3), and refractory mortar is filled in a connecting seam (5) between the base and the crucible body, the base slit (17) and a heat insulation groove (19);
the medium-frequency induction heating system comprises a temperature thermocouple (6), an isolation transmitter, a temperature controller, a medium-frequency induction power supply and a medium-frequency induction coil (7), wherein the temperature thermocouple (6) is arranged in a temperature measuring hole (21), the medium-frequency induction coil (7) is sleeved outside a material leakage pipe (8), the medium-frequency induction coil (7) is powered by the medium-frequency induction power supply, and the temperature thermocouple (6) is connected with the temperature controller through the isolation transmitter.
2. The cold crucible base of claim 1, wherein the temperature thermocouple (6) is a high temperature resistant S-type (platinum rhodium 10% -platinum) thermocouple, which is insulated and then sheathed in a metal sheath to prevent high frequency and medium frequency electromagnetic interference, the metal sheath of the thermocouple is usually made of copper or stainless steel; the temperature measuring point (21) of the temperature measuring thermocouple is as close as possible to the leakage pipe fixing flange (13), is positioned at a position 5mm near the upper part of the medium-frequency induction coil (7), extends into the leakage pipe deeply and is 2-4 mm away from the conical leakage port.
3. The cold crucible base according to claim 1, wherein the material of the material leaking pipe (8) is 690 alloy, 310S, 304 or 316, and the material leaking pipe is processed and then demagnetized, and the length of the material leaking pipe (8) is preferably that the temperature gradient between the temperature at the thermocouple and the center of the medium frequency induction coil is between 100 and 150 ℃; and the upper limit temperature of the center of a material leaking channel (22) of the material leaking pipe (8) is not higher than 1150 ℃, the long-time working temperature is not higher than 1100 ℃, the conical material leaking port is in an inverted trumpet shape, the taper is 60-150 degrees, and the best is 90-120 degrees.
4. The cold crucible base of claim 1, wherein the heat-conducting plate (18) has a radial width of 2 to 8mm, preferably 2 to 4 mm; the circumferential width of the bubble-making device takes the radian of the relative bubble opening as the center of a circle as 20-30 degrees; the height of the heat conducting plate (18) is 1-3 cm, and the best height is 1-2 cm.
5. The cold crucible base of claim 1, wherein the heat shield groove (19) has a radial width of 5 to 15mm, preferably 5 to 10 mm; the circumferential width is 20-40 degrees in radian with the relative bubbling openings as the centers of circles; the depth of the heat insulation groove is 2/5-1, preferably 3/5-4/5 of the thickness of the base.
6. The cold crucible base according to claim 1, wherein the water-cooled metal box (3) is made of stainless steel 304 or 316, and is demagnetized after being processed, and cooling water is introduced into the cavity of the metal box through the water inlet pipe (10) and the water outlet pipe (12); the number of the water-cooling metal boxes (3) is set to be 4-12 segments, and the best number is 6 or 8 segments.
7. The cold crucible base according to claim 1, wherein the bubbling port (16) extends 1-3 cm, preferably 1-2 cm, from the upper surface of the water-cooled metal box (3).
8. The cold crucible base structure according to claim 1, wherein the base slit (27) has a width of 4 to 15mm, preferably 4 to 8 mm.
9. The cold crucible base of claim 1, wherein the heat insulation groove (19) is spaced from the heat conductive plate (18) by a distance of 1 to 5 mm.
10. The cold crucible base of claim 1, wherein the refractory mortar is an aluminosilicate having an alumina content of not less than 70% to ensure refractoriness and sealing performance of the base.
11. The cold crucible base of claim 1, wherein the temperature controller uses a PLC in combination with a touch screen to realize the functions of parameter setting, PID control, parameter display and data recording, and can realize the double PID switching of temperature VS power and weight VS power; the working frequency of the medium-frequency induction power supply is 10-20 kHz, and the medium-frequency induction power supply works in a water cooling or air cooling mode; the length of the medium-frequency induction coil (7) is optimally 1-3 cm from the bottom of the coil exposed from the lower edge of the leakage pipe; the inner diameter of the medium-frequency induction coil (7) is 1.1-1.3 of the outer diameter of the material leakage pipe (8).
12. Method for discharging a cold crucible having a cold crucible base according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) after the glass in the cold crucible is ignited, expanded and melted, continuously adding new glass beads or glass clinker into the cold crucible in batches to reach a rated load state, wherein the temperature of a melt in the glass reaches 1150 ℃;
2) the bubbling flow rate of the bubbling opening (16) is set to be 10-80L/h, and the best bubbling flow rate is 10-40L/h;
3) adjusting the cooling flow of the water-cooling base to control the temperature difference between the inlet water and the outlet water of the base to be 20-40 ℃ and not to exceed the critical temperature and pressure of the cooling water pipe;
4) starting a medium-frequency induction heating power supply and a temperature controller;
5) setting a temperature-raising program on a touch screen of the temperature controller: the heating rate is 20-50 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches 400 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5-10 min, then the heating rate is changed to 30-60 ℃/min, when the temperature reaches 700 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-8 min, then the heating rate is changed to 30-50 ℃/min, and when the temperature reaches TLKeeping the temperature constant when the glass liquidus temperature is plus 30-50 ℃;
6) setting a weight control program on a touch screen of the temperature controller according to the requirement of the discharge flow;
7) the temperature controller compares a set segmented temperature curve (SV) with a measured temperature signal (PV) of a thermocouple passing through the isolation transmitter, performs PID analysis, outputs a control signal to the intermediate frequency power supply, and the intermediate frequency power supply transmits energy to the material leakage pipe through the induction coil;
8) opening the water-cooled gate valve (9), discharging materials into a glass storage tank, immediately switching to weight VS power PID control after the materials are discharged and weight signals are stable, namely comparing a set segmented weight curve (SV) with actually measured weight signals (PV) of leaked glass by a controller, carrying out PID analysis, outputting control signals to an intermediate frequency power supply, transmitting energy to a material leakage pipe by the intermediate frequency power supply through an induction coil, and further controlling the discharge flow rate of high-temperature glass in a material leakage pipe channel (22);
9) when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the medium-frequency power supply is turned off through PID control, and when the weight of the glass storage tank reaches the target weight, the water-cooling gate valve (9) is closed to complete a round of discharging process;
10) and continuously feeding materials into the cold crucible, and carrying out the next discharging process after the materials are completely melted and reach the rated glass load.
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