CN113137780A - Low-temperature refrigeration cold-storage system for efficiently utilizing solar energy - Google Patents
Low-temperature refrigeration cold-storage system for efficiently utilizing solar energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113137780A CN113137780A CN202110529243.4A CN202110529243A CN113137780A CN 113137780 A CN113137780 A CN 113137780A CN 202110529243 A CN202110529243 A CN 202110529243A CN 113137780 A CN113137780 A CN 113137780A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/02—Compression-sorption machines, plants, or systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
Abstract
The invention relates to a low-temperature refrigeration cold accumulation system for efficiently utilizing solar energy, which comprises a compressor (1), a condenser (2), a liquid storage tank (3), an intercooler (4), an evaporator (5), a cooler (6), a first adsorption bed (101), a second adsorption bed (102) and a cold accumulation adsorption bed (11); in the daytime refrigeration/cold accumulation mode, the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed work alternately by utilizing solar energy to realize refrigeration, meanwhile, the cold accumulation adsorption bed performs desorption reaction under the suction regulation action of a compressor to gradually complete cold accumulation, and in the night cold release mode, the cold accumulation adsorption bed continuously adsorbs refrigerant to realize continuous refrigeration. Compared with the prior art, the invention introduces the compressor to adjust the desorption pressure of the adsorption bed, reduces the desorption temperature, enables the system to actively adapt to the fluctuating solar hot water temperature, and realizes the desorption and heat absorption at lower temperature; meanwhile, with the assistance of desorption reaction of the adsorption bed, the suction pressure of the compressor is increased, the pressure ratio of the compressor is reduced, the power consumption of the compressor is reduced, and the refrigeration energy efficiency is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration and cold accumulation, in particular to a low-temperature refrigeration and cold accumulation system for efficiently utilizing solar energy.
Background
The fruits and vegetables are essential food in life, but are generally difficult to store for a long time, can take away geothermal heat of the fruit and vegetable field in time through low-temperature storage of a production place, reduce respiratory heat, prolong the storage period, reduce the spoilage loss of the fruits and vegetables, meanwhile, the centralized management of a power supply station can not be realized in rural fields due to wide distribution, and the problems of few power supply points, unstable voltage quality, weak power supply capacity, long transmission line, large power loss and the like are caused, so that the power supply requirement of timely refrigerating agricultural products is difficult to meet.
The low-temperature refrigeration house is an essential part for low-temperature storage of a production place, is mainly used for constant-temperature and constant-humidity storage of foods, fruits and vegetables, medicines and the like, the required refrigeration temperature is 0-30 ℃, the conventional vapor compression refrigeration system is widely used for providing refrigeration capacity for the low-temperature refrigeration house due to simple structure, low initial cost and the like, but the low evaporation temperature can cause high power consumption and low refrigeration energy efficiency, so that the storage cost is remarkably increased.
The field has abundant solar energy which is a clean renewable energy source, and if the solar energy can be efficiently recycled to prepare low-temperature cold energy, the requirement of a refrigeration house is met, and the storage cost can be obviously reduced; however, the solar energy has the characteristics of intermittence, instability and the like, for example, the temperature of the outlet water of a common vacuum tube solar heat collector is continuously fluctuated within the range of 55-95 ℃ along with the intensity of solar radiation, so that the recycling of the solar energy is greatly limited.
The principle of the solar ice cold storage refrigerator disclosed by CN209181364U by Zhao Xin et al is that solar energy is directly converted into electric energy to drive the traditional vapor compression refrigerating device to operate, an evaporation coil in the vapor compression device is arranged in a water tank, the evaporation coil evaporates to absorb heat, a water phase is changed into ice storage cold, and the cold is released when solar energy is lacked at night, so that the cold requirement of the refrigerator is ensured. The traditional vapor compression refrigerating device is adopted for refrigeration, the problems of high power consumption and low refrigeration energy efficiency caused by low evaporation temperature still exist, the solar photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, the area of a required solar panel is large, the solar panel is expensive, and the initial cost of the system is high. In addition, the ice storage device is characterized in that the cooling temperature is constant, and the cooling temperature required by the refrigeration house cannot be flexibly adjusted.
As is known, the solar photo-thermal conversion efficiency is far higher than the photoelectric conversion efficiency, the cost of a solar heat collector is far lower than that of a solar cell panel, but the temperature of a driving heat source is higher than 100 ℃ when the existing heat-driven adsorption refrigeration device is used for low-temperature refrigeration, and a common solar heat collector is difficult to obtain hot water with the high temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a low-temperature refrigeration and cold accumulation system for efficiently utilizing solar energy.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a low-temperature refrigeration cold accumulation system efficiently utilizing solar energy is characterized by comprising a compressor, a condenser, a liquid storage tank, an intercooler, an evaporator, a cooler, a first adsorption bed, a second adsorption bed and a cold accumulation adsorption bed; the compressor is sequentially connected with the condenser, the liquid storage tank and the intercooler; the intercooler is provided with a plurality of inlets and outlets which are respectively connected with the compressor, the evaporator and the cooler;
the evaporator and the cooler are respectively connected with the first adsorption bed, the second adsorption bed and the cold accumulation adsorption bed, and a plurality of four-way valves and three-way valves are arranged on the connecting pipeline; and the four-way valve and the three-way valve are switched to realize the switching of the first adsorption bed, the second adsorption bed and the cold accumulation adsorption bed for adsorption and desorption, so as to realize the refrigeration/cold accumulation in the daytime and the cold release in the evening of the system, heat exchange tubes for circulating cooling water and hot water are arranged in the first adsorption bed, the second adsorption bed, the cold accumulation adsorption bed and the condenser, water inlet and outlet pipes of the heat exchange tubes are connected with a reservoir, and the reservoir is connected with a solar heat collector.
The system is also provided with a first four-way valve, wherein a first interface of the first four-way valve is a cooling water inlet, a second interface of the first four-way valve is a hot water inlet, a third interface of the first four-way valve is connected with the inlet end of the heat exchange tube in the first adsorption bed, and a fourth interface of the first four-way valve is connected with the inlet end of the heat exchange tube in the second adsorption bed.
The system is also provided with a second four-way valve, a first interface of the second four-way valve is a hot water outlet, a second interface of the second four-way valve is a cooling water outlet, a third interface of the second four-way valve is connected with the outlet end of the heat exchange tube in the first adsorption bed, and a fourth interface of the second four-way valve is connected with the outlet end of the heat exchange tube in the second adsorption bed.
The system is also provided with a third four-way valve, wherein a first interface of the third four-way valve is connected with an inlet and an outlet of the refrigerant of the first adsorption bed, a second interface of the third four-way valve is connected with an inlet and an outlet of the refrigerant of the second adsorption bed, a third interface of the third four-way valve is connected with an inlet of the refrigerant of the cooler, a fourth interface of the third four-way valve is connected with a refrigerant pipeline of the first refrigerating valve, and the first refrigerating valve is connected with the evaporator;
the system is also provided with a three-way valve, wherein the first interface of the three-way valve is connected with the cold accumulation adsorption bed, the second interface of the three-way valve is connected with the cooler, and the third interface of the three-way valve is connected with the evaporator.
A first expansion valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the intercooler and the evaporator,
and a second expansion valve is connected in parallel on a connecting pipeline of the liquid storage tank and the intercooler.
The intercooler be equipped with four fluid and import and export, be respectively: the first refrigerant inlet is communicated with the cooler, the second refrigerant inlet is communicated with the liquid storage tank, the first refrigerant outlet is communicated with the compressor, and the second refrigerator outlet is communicated with the evaporator.
The heat exchange pipes in the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed are connected with cooling water and hot water through a first four-way valve and a second four-way valve;
the heat exchange tube in the cold accumulation adsorption bed is connected with cooling water or hot water;
the heat exchange pipe in the condenser is connected with the cooling water pipe.
The first adsorption bed, the second adsorption bed and the cold accumulation adsorption bed are filled with strontium chloride/expanded graphite composite adsorbent, and the refrigerant is ammonia.
The system works in two working modes of daytime refrigeration/cold accumulation and night cold release, and has different connection modes according to different modes:
the first day refrigeration/cold accumulation mode comprises two operation modes of refrigeration and cold accumulation, wherein the day refrigeration operation mode comprises the following steps: the first adsorption bed is in an adsorption state, the second adsorption bed is in a desorption state, a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet of the first adsorption bed are connected with an outlet of the evaporator through a third four-way valve, a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet of the second adsorption bed are connected with an inlet of the cooler through the third four-way valve, a refrigerant outlet of the cooler is connected with a first refrigerant inlet of the intercooler, and a first refrigerant outlet of the intercooler is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the compressor; the refrigerant outlet of the compressor is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the condenser, the refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank, the refrigerant outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the second refrigerant inlet of the intercooler, the second refrigerant outlet of the intercooler is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator through a first expansion valve, and the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected with the third four-way valve through a first refrigerant valve and connected into the adsorption bed; the first adsorption bed is adjusted to be in a desorption state and the second adsorption bed is adjusted to be in an adsorption state by switching the third four-way valve, the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first adsorption bed are connected with the refrigerant inlet of the cooler through the third four-way valve, and the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the second adsorption bed are connected with the outlet of the evaporator through the third four-way valve;
daytime cold accumulation operation mode: the refrigerant outlet of the cold accumulation adsorption bed is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the cooler through a three-way valve and a third four-way valve, and the refrigerant outlet of the cooler is connected with the first refrigerant inlet of the intercooler; a first refrigerant outlet of the intercooler is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the compressor, a refrigerant outlet of the compressor is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the condenser, and a refrigerant outlet of the condenser is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank;
the second night cooling operation mode: the outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the second refrigerant inlet of the intercooler, and the second refrigerant outlet of the intercooler is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator through the first expansion valve.
The refrigerant flowing out of the liquid storage tank enters the evaporator through the intercooler and the first expansion valve, and the refrigerant after evaporation and heat absorption returns to the cold accumulation adsorption bed through the three-way valve and is adsorbed by the adsorption bed, so that continuous refrigeration is realized.
The novel system has different working principles according to two working modes of daytime refrigeration/cold accumulation and night cold release:
the daytime refrigeration/cold accumulation mode has two running modes of refrigeration and cold accumulation which can be carried out simultaneously: in the daytime refrigeration running mode, cooling water is introduced into the first adsorption bed and is in an adsorption state, solar-heated hot water is introduced into the second adsorption bed, the desorption temperature is adjusted by the suction of the compressor and is in a desorption state, the desorbed refrigerant enters the cooler through the third four-way valve and is superheated after entering the intercooler, the superheated refrigerant enters the compressor to be compressed, the compressed refrigerant enters the condenser to be condensed, the condensed refrigerant enters the intercooler through the liquid storage tank and enters the evaporator through the first expansion valve, the refrigerant after evaporation and heat absorption enters the first adsorption bed through the first refrigerant valve and the third four-way valve and is adsorbed by the adsorbent of the first adsorption bed, when the desorption of the second adsorption bed is complete/the adsorption of the first adsorption bed is saturated, the third four-way valve, the first four-way valve and the second four-way valve are switched, hot water flows into the heat exchange tube in the first adsorption bed, under the suction action of the compressor, in a desorption state, cooling water flows into the heat exchange tube in the second adsorption bed and is in an adsorption state, and the refrigeration process is continued; in the daytime cold accumulation operation mode, the cold accumulation adsorption bed is filled with solar heated hot water, desorption reaction is carried out under the suction and regulation action of the compressor, the desorbed refrigerant enters the cooler and the intercooler through the three-way valve and the third four-way valve to enter the compressor for compression, and the compressed refrigerant is condensed by the condenser and enters the liquid storage tank for storage.
In the second mode: and (3) releasing the cold at night, wherein the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid storage tank enters the evaporator through the intercooler and the first expansion valve, and the refrigerant after evaporation and heat absorption returns to the cold storage adsorption bed filled with cooling water through the three-way valve and is adsorbed by the adsorption bed, so that continuous refrigeration is realized.
The adsorbent adopts strontium chloride, and the refrigerant is ammonia and the like. The sorbent strontium chloride and the refrigerant ammonia form a complex by virtue of a complex relationship, and release reaction heat.
SrCl2And NH3The reaction mechanism of (a) is shown by the following equation:
wherein Δ HrEnthalpy of chemical reaction, J/mol.
In order to enhance the heat and mass transfer performance of the adsorbent, the adsorbent adopts a solidified mixed adsorbent, and comprises metal chloride and a substrate, wherein the substrate is selected from vulcanized expanded graphite or expanded graphite and the like.
In the daytime refrigeration/cold accumulation mode, the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed work alternately by utilizing solar energy to realize refrigeration, meanwhile, the cold accumulation adsorption bed carries out desorption reaction under the suction regulation action of the compressor, and the desorbed refrigerant is compressed by the compressor, then enters the condenser for condensation and finally enters the liquid storage tank to finish the cold accumulation process. In the night cold release mode, the cold storage adsorption bed continuously adsorbs the refrigerant, and the refrigerant is evaporated and absorbed in the evaporator to generate cold energy, so that continuous refrigeration is realized. The invention introduces the compressor to adjust the desorption pressure of the adsorption bed and reduce the desorption temperature, so that the system actively adapts to the fluctuating temperature of solar hot water, and the desorption and heat absorption at lower temperature are realized; meanwhile, with the assistance of desorption reaction of the adsorption bed, the suction pressure of the compressor is increased, the pressure ratio of the compressor is reduced, the power consumption of the compressor is reduced, and the refrigeration efficiency is obviously improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention adopts a mode of compressor auxiliary adsorption refrigeration/cold accumulation, the compressor pumps and adjusts desorption pressure, reduces desorption temperature of the adsorbent, can actively adapt to unstable solar heat sources, realizes desorption and heat absorption of the adsorbent at lower temperature, and realizes high-efficiency recycling of solar energy;
(2) the compressor of the invention obviously improves the suction pressure, reduces the pressure ratio of the compressor, reduces the energy consumption and improves the energy efficiency ratio of the system under the assistance of desorption reaction of the adsorption bed;
(3) the working mode of the invention is divided into a daytime refrigeration/cold accumulation mode and a night cold release mode, in the night cold release mode, the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid storage tank enters the evaporator through throttling to evaporate and absorb heat, the cold energy is generated, and finally the refrigerant returns to the cold accumulation adsorption bed to be adsorbed by the adsorbent, thereby realizing continuous refrigeration;
(4) the invention adopts the solar heat collector to recycle solar energy, and the initial cost of the system is obviously reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a novel solar-energy efficient cryogenic refrigeration/cold storage system in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an intercooler in embodiment 1;
fig. 3 shows lnp-T diagram of the operation of the novel low-temperature refrigeration/cold storage system with high-efficiency solar energy utilization.
Detailed Description
The novel solar-efficient cryogenic refrigeration, cold-storage system of the present invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the schematic drawings, wherein preferred embodiments of the invention are shown, it being understood that one skilled in the art could modify the invention herein described while still achieving the advantageous effects of the invention. Accordingly, the following description should be construed as broadly as possible to those skilled in the art and not as limiting the invention.
The various components employed in the present invention are conventional in the art, and in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the preferred example of the adsorbent used in the present invention is shown, and not limiting.
As shown in fig. 1, a novel low-temperature refrigeration and cold accumulation system for efficiently utilizing solar energy comprises: the system comprises a compressor 1, a condenser 2, a liquid storage tank 3, an intercooler 4, an evaporator 5, a cooler 6, a first four-way valve 71, a second four-way valve 72, a third four-way valve 73, a first expansion valve 81, a second expansion valve 82, a first refrigerant valve 83, a first refrigerant valve 84, a three-way valve 9, a first adsorption bed 101, a second adsorption bed 102 and a cold accumulation adsorption bed 11.
Strontium chloride and expanded graphite composite adsorbent are filled in the first adsorption bed 101, the second adsorption bed 102 and the cold storage adsorption bed 11, refrigerant flows among the first adsorption bed 101, the second adsorption bed 102 and the cold storage adsorption bed 11, and heat exchange pipes for flowing cooling water and hot water are arranged in the first adsorption bed 101, the second adsorption bed 102, the cold storage adsorption bed 11 and the condenser 2.
In this embodiment, the first port of the first four-way valve 71 is a cooling water inlet, the second port is a hot water inlet, the third port is connected to the inlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the first adsorption bed 101, and the fourth port is connected to the inlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the second adsorption bed 102.
In this embodiment, the first port of the second four-way valve 72 is a hot water outlet, the second port is a cooling water outlet, the third port is connected to the outlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the first adsorption bed 101, and the fourth port is connected to the outlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the second adsorption bed 102.
In this embodiment, the first port of the third four-way valve 73 is connected to the inlet/outlet of the refrigerant in the first adsorption bed 101, the second port is connected to the inlet/outlet of the refrigerant in the second adsorption bed 102, the third port is connected to the inlet of the refrigerant in the cooler 6, the fourth port is connected to the refrigerant pipe of the first refrigeration valve 81, and the first refrigeration valve 81 is connected to the evaporator 5;
in this embodiment, the three-way valve 9 has a first port connected to the cold storage adsorption bed 11, a second port connected to the cooler 6, and a third port connected to the evaporator 5.
In this embodiment, a first expansion valve 83 is provided on a connection pipe between the intercooler 4 and the evaporator 5,
in this embodiment, the second expansion valve 84 is connected in parallel to a connection pipe between the liquid storage tank 3 and the intercooler 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the intercooler 4 is provided with four fluid inlets and outlets, which are respectively: a first refrigerant inlet 41 communicating with the cooler 6, a second refrigerant inlet 42 communicating with the receiver tank 3, a first refrigerant outlet 43 communicating with the compressor 1, a second refrigerator outlet 44 communicating with the evaporator 5.
On the heat exchange fluid side, the heat exchange pipes inside the first adsorption bed 101 and the second adsorption bed 102 are connected to cooling water and hot water by the first four-way valve 71 and the second four-way valve 72; the heat exchange tube in the cold accumulation adsorption bed 11 can be connected with cooling water or hot water; the heat exchange pipe in the condenser 2 is connected with a cooling water pipe;
on the refrigerant side, when the first adsorption bed 101 is in the adsorption state and the second adsorption bed 102 is in the desorption state, the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first adsorption bed 101 is connected with the outlet of the evaporator 5 through the third four-way valve 73; the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the second adsorption bed 102 are connected with the cooler inlet through a third four-way valve 73; the refrigerant outlet of the cooler 6 is connected with the first refrigerant inlet 41 of the intercooler 4; the first refrigerant outlet 43 of the intercooler 4 is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the compressor 1; the refrigerant outlet of the compressor 1 is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the condenser 2; the refrigerant outlet of the condenser 2 is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank 3; the refrigerant outlet of the liquid storage tank 3 is connected with a second refrigerant inlet 42 of the intercooler 4; the second refrigerant outlet 44 of the intercooler 4 is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator 5 through a first expansion valve 83; the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 5 is connected with the third four-way valve 73 through a first refrigerant valve 81, and is connected with the refrigerant outlet pipeline of the cooler 6 through a second expansion valve 82; the refrigerant outlet of the cold accumulation adsorption bed 11 is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the cooler 6 and the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 5 through a three-way valve 9; the working states of the first adsorption bed 101 and the second adsorption bed 102 are adjusted through the third four-way valve 73, and when the first adsorption bed 101 is in a desorption state and the second adsorption bed 102 is in an adsorption state, the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first adsorption bed 101 are connected with the refrigerant inlet of the cooler 6 through the third four-way valve 73; the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the second adsorption bed 102 is connected to the evaporator outlet 5 through a third four-way valve 73.
In this embodiment, the first adsorption bed 101, the second adsorption bed 102, and the cold storage adsorption bed 11 are each filled with a strontium chloride/expanded graphite composite adsorbent, and the refrigerant is ammonia or the like. The sorbent strontium chloride and the refrigerant ammonia form a complex by virtue of a complex relationship, and high-temperature reaction heat is released.
SrCl2And NH3ToThe mechanism is shown in the following equation:
wherein Δ HrEnthalpy of chemical reaction, J/mol.
In order to enhance the heat and mass transfer performance of the adsorbent, the adsorbent adopts a solidified mixed adsorbent, and comprises metal chloride and a substrate, wherein the substrate is selected from vulcanized expanded graphite or expanded graphite and the like.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
(a) daytime refrigeration/cold storage mode:
the first adsorption bed has desorption temperature T under the suction regulation of the compressordesDescend to TdesThe refrigerant desorbed from the first adsorption bed is cooled by a cooler to remove overheat, then compressed by an absorption compressor, then flows to a condenser to be condensed, condensed liquid is throttled by an expansion valve to enter an evaporator to evaporate and absorb heat to generate refrigerating capacity, and finally the refrigerant is adsorbed by the adsorbent in the second adsorption bed, and the adsorption temperature is TsorAs shown in fig. 3; switching a third four-way valve, cooling the first adsorption bed by cooling water to perform adsorption reaction, heating the second adsorption bed by solar hot water to perform desorption reaction under the suction regulation action of a compressor, and repeating the refrigeration process;
the cold accumulation adsorption bed is heated by solar hot water to perform desorption reaction under the suction regulation action of the compressor, the desorbed refrigerant is compressed by the compressor and flows to the condenser for condensation, and the refrigerant condensate is accumulated in the liquid storage tank.
(b) Night cold release mode:
the condensate accumulated in the liquid storage tank in the daytime enters the evaporator through the throttle of the expansion valve to be evaporated and absorb heat to generate refrigerating capacity, and the refrigerant flows into the cold accumulation adsorption bed introduced with cooling water and is adsorbed by the adsorbent in the cold accumulation adsorption bed.
Compression-assisted adsorption refrigeration/cold accumulation modeThe desorption temperature of the adsorption bed is changed from T through the suction effect of a compressordesDescend to TdesWhile the suction pressure of the compressor is increased by peGo to pdesThe heat pump type solar heat pump is actively adaptive to an unstable solar heat source, realizes low-temperature desorption and heat absorption, reduces the pressure ratio of the compressor, realizes continuous refrigeration, reduces energy consumption and improves the energy efficiency ratio.
One embodiment of the present invention is as follows: strontium chloride is selected as an adsorbent, and ammonia is selected as a refrigerant. The evaporation temperature was assumed to be-25 ℃. Table 1 shows the COP of the new refrigeration/cold storage system and the vapor compression refrigeration system at different heat source temperatures at an evaporation temperature of-25 ℃. When the heat source temperature is 65-95 ℃, the COP of the novel refrigeration/cold accumulation system is far higher than that of a vapor compression refrigeration system, so that the requirement of the adsorption refrigeration system on the high heat source temperature is overcome, the lower-temperature desorption is realized, and the system is actively suitable for the temperature of unstable solar hot water.
Table 2 shows the compressor pressure ratios of the new refrigeration/cold storage system and the vapor compression refrigeration system at different evaporation temperatures when the heat source temperature is 90 ℃, and the compressor pressure ratios of the new refrigeration/cold storage system are both much lower than the compressor pressure ratio of the vapor compression refrigeration system.
TABLE 1 novel system and vapor compression refrigeration COP (evaporation temperature-25 deg.C)
TABLE 2 compressor pressure ratio of new system to vapor compression refrigeration system (heat source temperature 90 deg.C)
It should be noted that the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A low-temperature refrigeration cold accumulation system efficiently utilizing solar energy is characterized by comprising a compressor (1), a condenser (2), a liquid storage tank (3), an intercooler (4), an evaporator (5), a cooler (6), a first adsorption bed (101), a second adsorption bed (102) and a cold accumulation adsorption bed (11); the compressor (1) is sequentially connected with the condenser (2), the liquid storage tank (3) and the intercooler (4); the intercooler (4) is provided with a plurality of inlets and outlets which are respectively connected with the compressor (1), the evaporator (5) and the cooler (6);
the evaporator (5) and the cooler (6) are respectively connected with the first adsorption bed (101), the second adsorption bed (102) and the cold accumulation adsorption bed (11), and a plurality of four-way valves or three-way valves are arranged on connecting pipelines; the first adsorption bed (101), the second adsorption bed (102) and the cold accumulation adsorption bed (11) are switched between adsorption and desorption under the action of a four-way valve or a three-way valve, so that the operation of refrigerating in the daytime, accumulating cold and releasing cold at night is realized, heat exchange tubes for cooling water and hot water circulation are arranged in the first adsorption bed (101), the second adsorption bed (102), the cold accumulation adsorption bed (11) and the condenser (2), water inlet and outlet pipes of the heat exchange tubes are connected with a reservoir, and the reservoir is connected with a solar heat collector.
2. The system for refrigerating and cold-storage with high efficiency and utilizing solar energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said system is further provided with a first four-way valve (71), the first interface of which is a cooling water inlet, the second interface of which is a hot water inlet, the third interface of which is connected with the inlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the first adsorption bed (101), and the fourth interface of which is connected with the inlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the second adsorption bed (102).
3. The system for refrigerating and cold-storage with high efficiency and utilizing solar energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein said system is further provided with a second four-way valve (72), the first port of which is a hot water outlet, the second port of which is a cooling water outlet, the third port of which is connected with the outlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the first adsorption bed (101), and the fourth port of which is connected with the outlet end of the heat exchange tube inside the second adsorption bed (102).
4. The system for refrigerating and cold-storage with high efficiency and utilization of solar energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system is further provided with a third four-way valve (73), the first interface of the three-way valve is connected with the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant of the first adsorption bed (101), the second interface of the three-way valve is connected with the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant of the second adsorption bed (102), the third interface of the three-way valve is connected with the inlet of the refrigerant of the cooler (6), the fourth interface of the three-way valve is connected with the refrigerant pipeline of the first refrigerating valve (81), and the first refrigerating valve (81) is connected with the evaporator (5);
the system is also provided with a three-way valve (9), wherein the first interface of the three-way valve is connected with the cold accumulation adsorption bed (11), the second interface of the three-way valve is connected with the cooler (6), and the third interface of the three-way valve is connected with the evaporator (5).
5. A low temperature refrigeration cold-storage system with high efficiency of utilizing solar energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first expansion valve (83) is provided on a connection pipeline between the intercooler (4) and the evaporator (5),
and a second expansion valve (84) is connected in parallel on a connecting pipeline of the liquid storage tank (3) and the intercooler (4).
6. A low-temperature refrigeration cold-storage system for high-efficiency utilization of solar energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intercooler (4) is provided with four fluid inlets and outlets, respectively: a first refrigerant inlet (41) communicated with the cooler (6), a second refrigerant inlet (42) communicated with the liquid storage tank (3), a first refrigerant outlet (43) communicated with the compressor (1), and a second refrigerator outlet (44) communicated with the evaporator (5).
7. The system for refrigerating and cold-storage with high efficiency of solar energy utilization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat exchange pipes inside the first adsorption bed (101) and the second adsorption bed (102) are connected with cooling water and hot water through a first four-way valve (71) and a second four-way valve (72);
the heat exchange tube in the cold accumulation adsorption bed (11) is connected with cooling water or hot water;
and the heat exchange pipe in the condenser (2) is connected with a cooling water pipe.
8. The system for refrigerating and storing cold with high efficiency of utilizing solar energy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first adsorption bed (101), the second adsorption bed (102) and the cold storage adsorption bed (11) are all filled with strontium chloride/expanded graphite composite adsorbent, and the refrigerant is ammonia.
9. A low-temperature refrigeration and cold accumulation system for efficiently utilizing solar energy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the system operates in two working modes of daytime refrigeration/cold accumulation and night cold release, and the connection modes according to different modes are as follows:
the first daytime refrigeration/cold accumulation mode has two operation modes of refrigeration and cold accumulation: daytime cooling operation mode: the first adsorption bed (101) is in an adsorption state, the second adsorption bed (102) is in a desorption state, a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet of the first adsorption bed (101) are connected with an outlet of the evaporator (5) through a third four-way valve (73), a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet of the second adsorption bed (102) are connected with an inlet of the cooler (6) through the third four-way valve (73), a refrigerant outlet of the cooler (6) is connected with a first refrigerant inlet (41) of the intercooler (4), and a first refrigerant outlet (43) of the intercooler (4) is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the compressor (1); a refrigerant outlet of the compressor (1) is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the condenser (2), a refrigerant outlet of the condenser (2) is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank (3), a refrigerant outlet of the liquid storage tank (3) is connected with a second refrigerant inlet (42) of the intercooler (4), a second refrigerant outlet (44) of the intercooler (4) is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the evaporator (5) through a first expansion valve (83), and a refrigerant outlet of the evaporator (5) is connected with a third four-way valve (73) through a first refrigerant valve (81) and is connected into the adsorption bed (101); the first adsorption bed (101) is adjusted to be in a desorption state and the second adsorption bed (102) is adjusted to be in an adsorption state by switching the third four-way valve (73), the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first adsorption bed (101) are connected with the refrigerant inlet of the cooler (6) through the third four-way valve (73), and the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the second adsorption bed (102) are connected with the outlet of the evaporator (5) through the third four-way valve (73);
daytime cold accumulation operation mode: the refrigerant outlet of the cold accumulation adsorption bed (11) is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the cooler (6) through a three-way valve (9) and a third four-way valve (73), and the refrigerant outlet of the cooler (6) is connected with the first refrigerant inlet (41) of the intercooler (4); a first refrigerant outlet (43) of the intercooler (4) is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the compressor (1), a refrigerant outlet of the compressor (1) is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the condenser (2), and a refrigerant outlet of the condenser (2) is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the liquid storage tank (3);
the second night cooling operation mode: the refrigerant outlet of the liquid storage tank (3) is connected with the second refrigerant inlet (42) of the intercooler (4), and the second refrigerant outlet (44) of the intercooler (4) is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator (5) through a first expansion valve (83).
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the refrigerant flowing out of the liquid storage tank (3) enters the evaporator (5) through the intercooler (4) and the first expansion valve (83), and the refrigerant after evaporation and heat absorption returns to the cold storage adsorption bed (11) through the three-way valve (9) and is adsorbed by the adsorption bed, thereby realizing continuous refrigeration.
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