CN113136518B - 一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法及其数控磨床 - Google Patents

一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法及其数控磨床 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113136518B
CN113136518B CN202110447552.7A CN202110447552A CN113136518B CN 113136518 B CN113136518 B CN 113136518B CN 202110447552 A CN202110447552 A CN 202110447552A CN 113136518 B CN113136518 B CN 113136518B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
milling cutter
grinding
round nose
phase
nose milling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202110447552.7A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN113136518A (zh
Inventor
赵岩
张长春
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sichuan Dekepu Cnc Machine Tool Co ltd
Original Assignee
Sichuan Dekepu Cnc Machine Tool Co ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sichuan Dekepu Cnc Machine Tool Co ltd filed Critical Sichuan Dekepu Cnc Machine Tool Co ltd
Priority to CN202110447552.7A priority Critical patent/CN113136518B/zh
Publication of CN113136518A publication Critical patent/CN113136518A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN113136518B publication Critical patent/CN113136518B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/02—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of milling cutters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B55/00—Safety devices for grinding or polishing machines; Accessories fitted to grinding or polishing machines for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition
    • B24B55/02—Equipment for cooling the grinding surfaces, e.g. devices for feeding coolant
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/78—Combined heat-treatments not provided for above
    • C21D1/785—Thermocycling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/051—Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
    • C23C14/0036—Reactive sputtering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641—Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B22F2003/242—Coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法及其数控磨床，其特征是通过添加钌元素，并进行液氮处理，制备出高密排六方相含量的硬质合金材料；然后采用五轴五联动数控磨床进行磨制，控制冷却液形成湍流，实现磨削过程中对硬质合金刀具的高效冷却，硬质合金刀具不发生密排六方向面心立方的相变；再进行循环热处理使面心立方相全部转变为密排六方相，进行TiN涂层后的圆鼻铣刀保持粘结相密排六方结构，其抗弯强度≥3500MPa。本发明克服了现有圆鼻铣刀铣刀的强度不足的问题，可用于各种机械零件的铣削加工。

Description

一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法及其数控磨床
技术领域
本发明涉及一种铣刀的制作方法及其磨床，特别涉及一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法及其数控磨床，属于机械制造领域。
背景技术
圆鼻铣刀结合了球头铣刀与立铣刀的优点，刀头曲面弧度较小，在加工小角度曲面时有很大优势，而且不存在球头铣刀的静止磨削情况，使用寿命相对较长，圆鼻铣刀在铣削加工中具有重要的地位。
CN201922400719.5一种钛合金双容屑槽圆鼻铣刀，包括与刀杆连接的刀头，所述刀头端面设置有长齿和短齿，所述长齿和短齿在刀头端面交替设置，长齿和短齿形成的刀刃反向延伸在刀头轴向形成第一容屑槽，所述长齿和短齿形成的齿隙角与第一容屑槽之间设置有平滑连接的第二容屑槽，采用双容屑槽设计，将原有凸台去除，使S-GASH下部与容屑槽平滑过渡，大大降低了发生粘刀的可能性，刀具寿命提升30％以上。CN201921176851.6公开了一种整体金属陶瓷圆鼻铣刀，包括由碳化物基金属陶瓷一体形成的夹持部、颈部以及铣削部，所述铣削部的圆柱面上开设有截面呈V形的螺旋槽；所述铣削部的圆柱面上一体成型有沿所述螺旋槽延伸的主切削刃，且所述铣削部远离所述颈部的端面上一体成型有副切削刃；所述螺旋槽内壁上固定有由导热金属制成的导热片，所述导热片沿所述螺旋槽的螺旋方向延伸。本实用新型具有以下优点和效果：本方案利用新机械结构，提升了该铣刀的散热性能，有利于减小铣刀的磨损，延长铣刀的使用寿命。CN201921419685.8公开了一种多刃圆鼻铣刀，包括转杆，所述转杆的外侧连接有圆鼻螺旋，且转杆和圆鼻螺旋上设置有导流槽，所述圆鼻螺旋上设置有切割刃，且切割刃之间通过连接块相连接，并且连接块上预留有喷射孔。该多刃圆鼻铣刀结构简单，制造工艺要求较低，其能便于用于降温的水流过导流槽，且在该铣刀转动的过程中，水流至连接块下方的导流槽后，通过离心力，使得水能通过喷射孔将水喷射至切割刃的刃端，以便于对该铣刀进行高效的降温，并且该铣刀能通过连接块使得切割刃更加的稳固，降低该铣刀在工作过程中，切割刃崩断的概率，有利于该铣刀的使用寿命。
目前，圆鼻铣刀在切削加工过程中，工况十分恶劣，刀具散热不佳，刀具的强度不够则会在切削过程中出现崩刃而失效。因此，实际工况对圆鼻铣刀的强度提出了很高的要求。现有技术通过多刃化、双容屑槽等方式来提高散热效果，但还远远不足，寻找通过刀具材料、组织结构等方面的控制来提高圆鼻铣刀的性能非常重要。
发明内容
针对目前圆鼻铣刀的强度有待提高的问题，本发明提出在制作过程中首先通过粘结相成分、烧结工艺和后续液氮处理，控制形成高密排六方相含量的硬质合金刀具材料，再对磨削过程中的冷却过程进行控制，降低回流实现高效冷却以确保不发生密排六方向面心立方的相变，保持高的密排六方相含量；在磨制后进行冷热循环处理，大幅度降低残余应力，并使面心立方相转变为密排六方相；最后进行涂层处理，制备出高强度的圆鼻铣刀。
本发明的圆鼻铣刀的制造方法，其特征在于依次包含以下步骤：
(1)高密排六方相含量的刀具材料制备：硬质合金刀具材料制备时配料按Co含量为6wt.％～15wt.％，钌含量为Co含量的5％～10％，其余为WC；原料粉末经过球磨、喷雾干燥制备成混合料并压制成生坯；生坯在1400～1450℃下烧结1～2h，烧结结束后随炉冷却；将烧结后的硬质合金生坯放入-196℃的液氮容器中保持2～4h，取出后冷却到室温；形成粘结相中密排六方相含量≥65wt.％的硬质合金材料；
(2)圆鼻铣刀的五轴数控磨床磨制：采用五轴数控磨床将高密排六方相含量的硬质合金材料磨制成圆鼻铣刀的形状和尺寸，磨制时采用金属粘结剂金刚石砂轮，冷却液出口为圆形，圆形直径为砂轮宽度的60％～65％；冷却液出口与砂轮磨削点之间的距离为35～65mm,冷却液出口距离磨削平面45～75mm，冷却液出口方向与砂轮圆周面相切，冷却液压力为3～6bar，参数控制使冷却液形成湍流且冷却液回流占比≤80％，实现磨削过程中对硬质合金材料的高效冷却，刀具基体不发生密排六方向面心立方的相变，粘结相中密排六方相含量≥65wt.％；
(3)圆鼻铣刀的循环热处理：将磨制后的圆鼻铣刀放入-196℃的液氮容器中保持2～4h，取出后冷却到室温并放入真空炉中加热到200～300℃并保温10～12h，最后随炉冷却；此冷热循环热处理过程重复4～6次以释放刀具在烧结、磨削过程中的残余应力，并促进圆鼻铣刀中的粘结相从面心立方相全部转变为密排六方相；
(4)圆鼻铣刀的TiN涂层：将循环热处理后的圆鼻铣刀的放入磁控溅射涂层炉中，先抽真空到小于5*10-3Pa，然后对炉内升温到350～380℃；再采用Ar离子对圆鼻铣刀刻蚀35min；再向炉内通入0.3～0.5Pa的氮气，采用Ti靶，在圆鼻铣刀表面沉积出2～3μm厚的TiN涂层，涂层结束后随炉冷却，涂层圆鼻铣刀基体中粘结相保持密排六方结构，其抗弯强度≥3500MPa。
本发明的圆鼻铣刀的制造方法，其特征在于依次包含以下步骤：
(1)配料后将所有原料放入球磨机并加入无水乙醇进行48～72h球磨；球磨结束后，料浆经400目筛网过滤后在90～95℃下进行干燥，获得混合料；混合料在300～400MPa压制成生坯，生坯烧结时的升温速度小于10℃/min；烧结的真空度小于5Pa；
(2)圆鼻铣刀的数控磨床磨制时，砂轮转速为20～30m/s；
(3)圆鼻铣刀循环热处理时，在真空烧结炉中的升温速度为1～2℃/min，真空度为小于5Pa；
(4)圆鼻铣刀涂层沉积TiN涂层时，基底施加的偏压为-30～-50V，Ti靶功率为2～4kW，沉积时间120～150min。
本发明的圆鼻铣刀的制造方法中所用的数控磨床的特征在于：
(1)数控磨床为五轴五联动，包括床身、龙门立柱、X轴装置、Y轴装置、Z轴装置、A轴装置、C轴装置、砂轮系统、冷却系统、操作系统和外壳；
(2)数控磨床的冷却系统中冷却液出口与砂轮磨削点距离在10～110mm范围可调，冷却液出口与磨削平面之间的距离在10～110mm范围可调，冷却液出口的方向在0～180°范围可调，冷却液压力在1～10bar范围可调。
本发明的优点在于：(1)通过成分控制、烧结后处理冷却过程控制，使硬质合金中的粘结相发生面心立方到密排六方的马氏体相变，形成在室温下具有高密排六方相含量的硬质合金刀具材料。与面心立方相比，密排六方相可实现粘结相强化，可以改善刀具材料的强度。(2)采用数控磨床磨制圆鼻铣刀时，控制冷却液的距离、压力、角度等参数，形成湍流，减少冷却液回流，使磨削过程中的热量能充分带走，实现磨削过程中的充分冷却，从而使磨削过程中不发生密排六方向面心立方的相变；(3)磨削后采用循环热处理，使残余应力得到释放，并且使粘结相从面心立方相全部转变为密排六方相，从而具有高的抗弯强度和低的残余应力。
附图说明
图1本发明的圆鼻铣刀制作方法示意图
具体实施方式
实例1：
(1)高密排六方相含量的刀具材料制备：硬质合金刀具材料制备时配料按Co含量为8wt.％，钌含量为Co含量的3％，其余为WC；配料后将所有原料放入球磨机并加入无水乙醇进行56h球磨；球磨结束后，料浆经400目筛网过滤后在90℃下进行干燥，获得混合料；混合料在320MPa压制成生坯；生坯在1420℃下烧结1h，生坯烧结时的升温速度9℃/min，烧结的真空度4Pa，烧结结束后随炉冷却；将烧结后的硬质合金生坯放入-196℃的液氮容器中保持2h，取出后冷却到室温；形成粘结相中密排六方相含量66wt.％的硬质合金材料；
(2)圆鼻铣刀的五轴数控磨床磨制：采用五轴数控磨床将高密排六方相含量的硬质合金材料磨制成圆鼻铣刀的形状和尺寸，数控磨床为五轴五联动，包括床身、龙门立柱、X轴装置、Y轴装置、Z轴装置、A轴装置、C轴装置、砂轮系统、冷却系统、操作系统和外壳；数控磨床的冷却系统中冷却液出口与砂轮磨削点距离在10～110mm范围可调，冷却液出口与磨削平面之间的距离在10～110mm范围可调，冷却液出口的方向在0～180°范围可调，冷却液压力在1～10bar范围可调。磨制时采用金属粘结剂金刚石砂轮，砂轮转速为20m/s；冷却液出口为圆形，圆形直径为砂轮宽度的60％；冷却液出口与砂轮磨削点之间的距离为40mm,冷却液出口距离磨削平面50mm，冷却液出口方向与砂轮圆周面相切，冷却液压力为3bar，参数控制使冷却液形成湍流且冷却液回流占比75％，实现磨削过程中对硬质合金材料的高效冷却，刀具基体不发生密排六方向面心立方的相变，粘结相中密排六方相含量66wt.％；
(3)圆鼻铣刀的循环热处理：将磨制后的圆鼻铣刀放入-196℃的液氮容器中保持2h，取出后冷却到室温并放入真空炉中加热到220℃并保温12h，在真空烧结炉中的升温速度为1℃/min，真空度为4Pa，最后随炉冷却；此冷热循环热处理过程重复6次以释放刀具在烧结、磨削过程中的残余应力，并促进圆鼻铣刀中的粘结相从面心立方相全部转变为密排六方相；
(4)圆鼻铣刀的TiN涂层：将循环热处理后的圆鼻铣刀的放入磁控溅射涂层炉中，先抽真空到4.5*10-3Pa，然后对炉内升温到350℃；再采用Ar离子对圆鼻铣刀刻蚀35min；再向炉内通入0.3Pa的氮气，采用Ti靶，基底施加的偏压为-30V，Ti靶功率为2kW，沉积时间120min；在圆鼻铣刀表面沉积出2μm厚的TiN涂层，涂层结束后随炉冷却，涂层圆鼻铣刀基体中粘结相保持密排六方结构，其抗弯强度3600MPa。
实例2：
(1)高密排六方相含量的刀具材料制备：硬质合金刀具材料制备时配料按Co含量为10wt.％，钌含量为Co含量的7％，其余为WC；配料后将所有原料放入球磨机并加入无水乙醇进行72h球磨；球磨结束后，料浆经400目筛网过滤后在95℃下进行干燥，获得混合料；混合料在380MPa压制成生坯；生坯在1440℃下烧结1.5h，生坯烧结时的升温速度为6℃/min，烧结的真空度3Pa，烧结结束后随炉冷却；将烧结后的硬质合金生坯放入-196℃的液氮容器中保持4h，取出后冷却到室温；形成粘结相中密排六方相含量69wt.％的硬质合金材料；
(2)圆鼻铣刀的五轴数控磨床磨制：采用五轴数控磨床将高密排六方相含量的硬质合金材料磨制成圆鼻铣刀的形状和尺寸，数控磨床为五轴五联动，包括床身、龙门立柱、X轴装置、Y轴装置、Z轴装置、A轴装置、C轴装置、砂轮系统、冷却系统、操作系统和外壳；数控磨床的冷却系统中冷却液出口与砂轮磨削点距离在10～110mm范围可调，冷却液出口与磨削平面之间的距离在10～110mm范围可调，冷却液出口的方向在0～180°范围可调，冷却液压力在1～10bar范围可调。磨制时采用金属粘结剂金刚石砂轮，砂轮转速为30m/s；冷却液出口为圆形，圆形直径为砂轮宽度的63％；冷却液出口与砂轮磨削点之间的距离为60mm,冷却液出口距离磨削平面67mm，冷却液出口方向与砂轮圆周面相切，冷却液压力为5bar，参数控制使冷却液形成湍流且冷却液回流占比71％，实现磨削过程中对硬质合金材料的高效冷却，刀具基体不发生密排六方向面心立方的相变，粘结相中密排六方相含量≥69wt.％；
(3)圆鼻铣刀的循环热处理：将磨制后的圆鼻铣刀放入-196℃的液氮容器中保持4h，取出后冷却到室温并放入真空炉中加热到300℃并保温10h，在真空烧结炉中的升温速度为2℃/min，真空度为2Pa，最后随炉冷却；此冷热循环热处理过程重复4次以释放刀具在烧结、磨削过程中的残余应力，并促进圆鼻铣刀中的粘结相从面心立方相全部转变为密排六方相；
(4)圆鼻铣刀的TiN涂层：将循环热处理后的圆鼻铣刀的放入磁控溅射涂层炉中，先抽真空到3*10-3Pa，然后对炉内升温到380℃；再采用Ar离子对圆鼻铣刀刻蚀35min；再向炉内通入0.5Pa的氮气，采用Ti靶，基底施加的偏压为-40V，Ti靶功率为3kW，沉积时间150min；在圆鼻铣刀表面沉积出3μm厚的TiN涂层，涂层结束后随炉冷却，涂层圆鼻铣刀基体中粘结相保持密排六方结构，其抗弯强度3800MPa。

Claims (3)

1.一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法，其特征在于依次包含以下步骤：
(1)高密排六方相含量的刀具材料制备：硬质合金刀具材料制备时配料按Co含量为6wt.％～15wt.％，钌含量为Co含量的5％～10％，其余为WC；原料粉末经过球磨、喷雾干燥制备成混合料并压制成生坯；生坯在1400～1450℃下烧结1～2h，烧结结束后随炉冷却；将烧结后的硬质合金生坯放入-196℃的液氮容器中保持2～4h，取出后冷却到室温；形成粘结相中密排六方相含量≥65wt.％的硬质合金材料；
(2)圆鼻铣刀的五轴数控磨床磨制：采用五轴数控磨床将高密排六方相含量的硬质合金材料磨制成圆鼻铣刀的形状和尺寸，磨制时采用金属粘结剂金刚石砂轮，冷却液出口为圆形，圆形直径为砂轮宽度的60％～65％；冷却液出口与砂轮磨削点之间的距离为35～65mm,冷却液出口距离磨削平面45～75mm，冷却液出口方向与砂轮圆周面相切，冷却液压力为3～6bar，参数控制使冷却液形成湍流且冷却液回流占比≤80％，实现磨削过程中对硬质合金材料的高效冷却，刀具基体不发生密排六方向面心立方的相变，粘结相中密排六方相含量≥65wt.％；
(3)圆鼻铣刀的循环热处理：将磨制后的圆鼻铣刀放入-196℃的液氮容器中保持2～4h，取出后冷却到室温并放入真空炉中加热到200～300℃并保温10～12h，最后随炉冷却；此冷热循环热处理过程重复4～6次以释放刀具在烧结、磨削过程中的残余应力，并促进圆鼻铣刀中的粘结相从面心立方相全部转变为密排六方相；
(4)圆鼻铣刀的TiN涂层：将循环热处理后的圆鼻铣刀的放入磁控溅射涂层炉中，先抽真空到小于5*10-3Pa，然后对炉内升温到350～380℃；再采用Ar离子对圆鼻铣刀刻蚀35min；再向炉内通入0.3～0.5Pa的氮气，采用Ti靶，在圆鼻铣刀表面沉积出2～3μm厚的TiN涂层，涂层结束后随炉冷却，涂层圆鼻铣刀基体中粘结相保持密排六方结构，其抗弯强度≥3500MPa。
2.根据权利要求1所述的圆鼻铣刀的制造方法，其进一步的特征在于依次包含以下步骤：
(1)配料后将所有原料放入球磨机并加入无水乙醇进行48～72h球磨；球磨结束后，料浆经400目筛网过滤后在90～95℃下进行干燥，获得混合料；混合料在300～400MPa压制成生坯，生坯烧结时的升温速度小于10℃/min；烧结的真空度小于5Pa；
(2)圆鼻铣刀的数控磨床磨制时，砂轮转速为20～30m/s；
(3)圆鼻铣刀循环热处理时，在真空烧结炉中的升温速度为1～2℃/min，真空度为小于5Pa；
(4)圆鼻铣刀涂层沉积TiN涂层时，基底施加的偏压为-30～-50V，Ti靶功率为2～4kW，沉积时间120～150min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的圆鼻铣刀的制造方法，其所用五轴数控磨床的进一步的特征在于：
(1)数控磨床为五轴五联动，包括床身、龙门立柱、X轴装置、Y轴装置、Z轴装置、A轴装置、C轴装置、砂轮系统、冷却系统、操作系统和外壳；
(2)数控磨床的冷却系统中冷却液出口与砂轮磨削点距离在10～110mm范围可调，冷却液出口与磨削平面之间的距离在10～110mm范围可调，冷却液出口的方向在0～180°范围可调，冷却液压力在1～10bar范围可调。
CN202110447552.7A 2021-04-25 2021-04-25 一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法及其数控磨床 Active CN113136518B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110447552.7A CN113136518B (zh) 2021-04-25 2021-04-25 一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法及其数控磨床

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110447552.7A CN113136518B (zh) 2021-04-25 2021-04-25 一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法及其数控磨床

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113136518A CN113136518A (zh) 2021-07-20
CN113136518B true CN113136518B (zh) 2022-03-01

Family

ID=76811986

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110447552.7A Active CN113136518B (zh) 2021-04-25 2021-04-25 一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法及其数控磨床

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113136518B (zh)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1269843A (zh) * 1997-09-05 2000-10-11 桑德维克公司 用于印刷电路板材料钻孔/特形铣的工具
WO2015178484A1 (ja) * 2014-05-23 2015-11-26 株式会社タンガロイ 超硬合金および被覆超硬合金
CN105154747A (zh) * 2015-09-14 2015-12-16 江西耀升钨业股份有限公司 一种复合碳化钨硬质合金棒材及其制备方法
CN106835116A (zh) * 2017-03-16 2017-06-13 中南大学 一种涂层硬质合金基体及其制备方法
CN108411180A (zh) * 2018-02-27 2018-08-17 自贡硬质合金有限责任公司 一种加钌硬质合金
CN111378885A (zh) * 2020-03-25 2020-07-07 九江金鹭硬质合金有限公司 一种具有表层富粘结相梯度结构的硬质合金及其制备方法
CN111500914A (zh) * 2020-04-26 2020-08-07 山东沂水机床厂有限公司 一种数控机床用硬质合金及其制备方法

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1269843A (zh) * 1997-09-05 2000-10-11 桑德维克公司 用于印刷电路板材料钻孔/特形铣的工具
WO2015178484A1 (ja) * 2014-05-23 2015-11-26 株式会社タンガロイ 超硬合金および被覆超硬合金
CN105154747A (zh) * 2015-09-14 2015-12-16 江西耀升钨业股份有限公司 一种复合碳化钨硬质合金棒材及其制备方法
CN106835116A (zh) * 2017-03-16 2017-06-13 中南大学 一种涂层硬质合金基体及其制备方法
CN108411180A (zh) * 2018-02-27 2018-08-17 自贡硬质合金有限责任公司 一种加钌硬质合金
CN111378885A (zh) * 2020-03-25 2020-07-07 九江金鹭硬质合金有限公司 一种具有表层富粘结相梯度结构的硬质合金及其制备方法
CN111500914A (zh) * 2020-04-26 2020-08-07 山东沂水机床厂有限公司 一种数控机床用硬质合金及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN113136518A (zh) 2021-07-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104498859A (zh) 一种机械加工刀具的制备方法
CN104529457B (zh) 基于粗颗粒粉体的无压烧结碳化硼陶瓷制备方法
CN111378888B (zh) 一种纳米粒子界面强化的高氮含量Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材质及其制备方法
CN106625297A (zh) Cbn砂轮
CN105272261A (zh) 一种无压烧结碳化硼陶瓷制备方法
CN105269283A (zh) 一种高寿命pcd刀具的制备方法
CN110899803B (zh) 一种用于高速铣削镍基合金的整体式陶瓷铣刀及其制造方法
CN105500223A (zh) 高速高效金刚石磨轮及其制备方法和使用方法
CN105269284A (zh) 一种内凹形复杂轮廓pcd刀具的超精密高效制备工艺方法
CN108213735A (zh) 一种无石墨化复杂轮廓pcd成型刀具刃口激光加工方法
CN106002131B (zh) 一种镶嵌合金高性能剪切圆刀及其加工方法
CN109514442A (zh) 一种cbn砂轮及其制备方法
CN113136518B (zh) 一种圆鼻铣刀的制造方法及其数控磨床
CN108818329B (zh) 一种金刚石砂轮及其制备方法
CN104552032A (zh) 一种金属纳米材料复合结合剂以及复合结合剂金刚石砂轮
CN107587022B (zh) 一种金属陶瓷刀具材料、刀具及制造方法
CN105525180A (zh) 一种耐腐蚀铣刀
CN110791674A (zh) 一种难熔碳化物颗粒增强钨渗铜复合材料的制备方法
CN113134610B (zh) 粗皮铣刀的制作方法及其五轴数控磨床
CN112079645B (zh) 一种织构化碳化硅晶须增韧的氧化铝基陶瓷及其制备方法和应用
CN108818332A (zh) 一种超硬cbn砂轮及其制备方法
CN107177765B (zh) 一种用于汽车模具生产的数控刀具用材料及其制备方法
CN108818331A (zh) 一种青铜基cbn砂轮及其制备方法
CN112192457B (zh) 一种低熔硬脆金属树脂复合结合剂、含其的磨具以及制备方法
CN114986261A (zh) 回转曲面硬质合金涂层的超精加工方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right
PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Denomination of invention: Manufacturing method of round nose milling cutter and its CNC grinding machine

Effective date of registration: 20221009

Granted publication date: 20220301

Pledgee: Sichuan Shehong Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd.

Pledgor: Sichuan dekepu CNC Machine Tool Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2022980017776

PC01 Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right
PC01 Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Date of cancellation: 20230920

Granted publication date: 20220301

Pledgee: Sichuan Shehong Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd.

Pledgor: Sichuan dekepu CNC Machine Tool Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2022980017776

PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right
PE01 Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right

Denomination of invention: A Manufacturing Method for Circular Nose Milling Cutter and Its CNC Grinding Machine

Effective date of registration: 20230922

Granted publication date: 20220301

Pledgee: Sichuan Shehong Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd.

Pledgor: Sichuan dekepu CNC Machine Tool Co.,Ltd.

Registration number: Y2023980058325