CN113136122A - Sound absorption damping coating containing piezoelectric ceramic fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sound absorption damping coating containing piezoelectric ceramic fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113136122A CN113136122A CN202110319274.7A CN202110319274A CN113136122A CN 113136122 A CN113136122 A CN 113136122A CN 202110319274 A CN202110319274 A CN 202110319274A CN 113136122 A CN113136122 A CN 113136122A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sound absorption damping coating containing piezoelectric ceramic fibers and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of chemical coating production, and comprising acrylic emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion, piezoelectric ceramic fibers, carbon fibers, other auxiliary materials, auxiliaries and the like, wherein the acrylic emulsion comprises high-Tg first acrylic emulsion and low-Tg second acrylic emulsion, and the two matrix resins are matched for use, so that the use temperature range of the coating can be enlarged, and the coating has good sound absorption damping performance in a wider temperature range; meanwhile, the piezoelectric ceramic fibers and the carbon fibers in the coating are combined for use, so that the vibration of sound in the coating can be converted into electric energy, and the electric energy is dissipated out in a heat energy mode through the conductive carbon fibers, so that the sound absorption and damping performance of the coating is excellent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical coating production, and particularly relates to a sound absorption damping coating containing piezoelectric ceramic fibers and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The sound absorption damping coating is a common chemical coating, the sound absorption and insulation principle lies in a damping loss factor, a damping constraint structure can be formed inside the coating, when the sound impact coating vibrates, a layer of damping protective layer can be formed inside the sound absorption damping coating, and the mechanical energy of sound waves can be effectively converted into heat energy to be dissipated, so that the sound insulation effect is improved. The sound absorption damping coating is widely applied to ventilation pipelines, water supply and sewerage pipelines, sound insulation room partition boards, vehicle side plates, bottom plates and the like, and plays a sound insulation role.
In the existing sound absorption damping paint, in order to improve the sound absorption effect, the glass transition temperature of matrix resin is generally designed, the sound insulation effect can be improved by reducing the glass transition temperature of the matrix resin, but the mechanical property of the coating is reduced by too low glass transition temperature, and a thicker coating needs to be coated, so the using amount of the paint is increased.
In the Chinese patent application CN103483957A (a sound absorption damping paint), aluminum fibers with the diameter of 20-500 μm and the length of 1-30mm are added into the paint, the aluminum fibers have good sound absorption effect on low-frequency noise, and the paint is suitable for indoor sound absorption walls made of metal materials and can weaken the vibration of metal plate walls. However, the coating contains silicone which has certain environmental pollution, strong corrosiveness and irritation to human skin, eyes and the like and is harmful to human health.
Therefore, a sound absorption damping coating is required to be developed, which has good environmental friendliness and high sound absorption damping strength, and meets the requirements of practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a sound absorption damping coating containing piezoelectric ceramic fibers and a preparation method thereof, which aim to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a sound absorption damping coating containing piezoelectric ceramic fibers, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
further, the acrylic emulsion comprises a first acrylic emulsion and a second acrylic emulsion, wherein the Tg of the first acrylic emulsion is 21-24 ℃, and is preferably 22 ℃; the Tg of the second acrylic emulsion is between-17 ℃ and-14 ℃, preferably-15 ℃.
Further, the mass portion of the first acrylic emulsion is 11-16; the second acrylic emulsion is 9-12 parts by weight.
The first acrylic emulsion is matrix resin with high glass transition temperature, the second acrylic emulsion is matrix resin with low glass transition temperature, and the two matrix resins are matched for use, so that the use temperature range of the coating can be enlarged, and the coating has better sound absorption and damping performance in a wider temperature range.
Further, the mica powder comprises a first mica powder and a second mica powder, wherein the particle size of the first mica powder is 400 meshes, and the particle size of the second mica powder is 120 meshes.
Further, the first mica powder and the second mica powder are used in the same amount, and the mass portions of the first mica powder and the second mica powder are respectively 18-21.
The particle size of the first mica powder is smaller than that of the second mica powder, the corrosion resistance, the mechanical strength and the flame retardant property of the coating can be improved by adding the mica powder into the coating, and the performance of the mica powder can be better exerted and the comprehensive performance of the coating can be improved by matching the two mica powders with different particle sizes.
Further, the coating also comprises deionized water. In order to ensure the storage and production performance of the coating, deionized water can be added to adjust the viscosity of the coating; meanwhile, in the using process of the coating, the viscosity of the coating can be adjusted by adding a proper amount of deionized water according to the construction condition.
In the above-mentioned coating material, the aqueous dispersant may be one or more of all commercially available aqueous dispersants, for example, acrylate polymers and sodium acrylate polymers, and sodium hexametaphosphate is preferred in the present invention. The flame retardant may be selected from one or more of all commercially available flame retardant fillers, for example, bromine-based, nitrogen-phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, red phosphorus-based, silicon-based, antimony trioxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and the like, and TPP powder is preferred in the present invention.
Further, the length of the piezoelectric ceramic fiber is 2-4 mm.
Further, the length of the carbon fiber is 1-3 mm.
Piezoelectric ceramic fiber and carbon fiber can overlap joint each other and form network crosslinked structure for in the coating, the length of piezoelectric ceramic fiber and carbon fiber can not the overlength, in the overlength, can influence the spraying of coating, because coating need pack into the spray gun and spout, the fibre is too long, and coating can block up the rifle head, leads to the unable normal spraying of coating to it is inhomogeneous to cause spun coating, and then influences the performance of coating. However, the lengths of the piezoelectric ceramic fibers and the carbon fibers cannot be too short, and because the too short lengths cannot form effective network cross-linked structure lap joints between the fibers, a passage cannot be formed, and heat in the coating cannot be dissipated.
According to the invention, the carbon fiber with the conductive property is added into the coating, after the piezoelectric ceramic fiber in the coating absorbs the sound energy capable of generating vibration, the vibration generates pressure to enable the piezoelectric ceramic fiber to convert the sound energy into electric energy, then the electric energy is converted into heat energy through the carbon fiber with the conductive property, and finally the heat energy is dissipated out in a form of heat energy, so that the sound absorption property of the coating can be greatly improved.
Further, the preparation method of the piezoelectric ceramic fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) adding piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder into a ball mill, grinding and then pre-burning, adding the pre-burned piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder into the ball mill, dropwise adding oleic acid, and drying for later use after ball milling;
(2) adding polyvinyl butyral into a solvent, and dissolving to obtain a polyvinyl butyral solution;
(3) adding the ball-milled and dried piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder into a polyvinyl butyral solution according to the ratio, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
(4) adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step (3) into a nozzle, and controlling the spraying pressure to spray silk floss-like fibers;
(5) embedding silk floss-like fibers into talcum powder, filling the talcum powder into a refractory sagger, and sintering the sagger in a muffle furnace;
(6) taking out the sintered fiber, cleaning and pressing into felt shape;
(7) oil bath polarization is carried out on the fiber pressed into a felt shape;
(8) and cutting the fiber after oil bath polarization to obtain the piezoelectric ceramic fiber.
In the step (1), the piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
in the step (1), the added oleic acid can play a role in lubricating and anti-caking the pre-sintered piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder; in the piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder obtained by ball milling after the pre-firing, 90% or more of the powder has a particle diameter of 5 μm or less.
In the step (2), the solvent in the polyvinyl butyral solution is one or a mixture of butanol, isopropanol and ethanol, and the mass fraction of the polyvinyl butyral solution is 11-16%; preferably, the solvent is ethanol, and the mass fraction is 15%.
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder to the polyvinyl butyral solution is 30-44: 60-70;
in the step (4), selecting a nozzle with the diameter of 0.1-0.3mm, controlling the pressure to be 0.4-0.6MPa, spraying the pulp from the fine hole of the nozzle, and quickly drying the pulp into silk-cotton fibers;
in the step (5), the particle size of the talcum powder is selected to be more than 400 meshes. The particle size of talc is limited because: in the sintering process, organic matters such as polyvinyl butyral and the like are firstly melted to form liquid, the liquid firstly enters gaps formed by the stacked talcum powder particles, then the temperature is continuously increased, and the organic matters are thermally decomposed to become gas to be volatilized; the selection of talc having a particle size of 400 mesh or more ensures a reasonable size of the voids formed by the accumulation of talc particles, and can provide a good sizing effect on molten polyvinyl butyral and fibers dispersed in the molten polyvinyl butyral liquid.
The sintering stage comprises plastic removal and sintering: in the plastic discharging process, the temperature rising curve is as follows: slowly raising the temperature at the speed of 50 ℃/h in the process of the room temperature to 450 ℃; the temperature is slowly raised at the constant speed within 4 hours at the middle of 450-750 ℃. In the plastic discharging process, a micro-exposure gap of the muffle furnace door is used for smoke discharge, gas and moisture generated by decomposition of organic matters (mainly oleic acid, polyvinyl butyral and the like) in raw materials are mainly discharged, and the furnace door is tightly closed when no smoke is discharged from the muffle furnace.
And (II) in the sintering process, heating in an air atmosphere at the speed of 300 ℃/h, wherein the maximum sintering temperature is 1280-1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-1.5h, and the furnace is naturally cooled along with the power failure after the heat preservation is finished.
And (6) taking out the sintered fiber, slightly flattening the disordered fiber after cleaning to form a felt shape, and cutting to obtain the fiber felt of about 70mm x 150 mm. Then, in the step (7), dipping the two ends of the fiber felt with silver paste, solidifying and sintering to form silver electrodes, and connecting the silver electrodes with high voltage of about 13KV for oil bath polarization; and (8) taking out the fiber polarized by the oil bath, cutting off the silver electrode parts at two ends, and cutting the rest parts into piezoelectric ceramic fibers with the length of about 2-4mm for later use. The oil bath polarized fiber has the piezoelectric property of piezoelectric ceramics.
The invention also claims a preparation method of the sound absorption damping coating, which comprises the following steps:
preparing piezoelectric ceramic fibers;
secondly, mixing and dispersing other components except the piezoelectric ceramic fiber and the carbon fiber in the sound absorption damping paint uniformly according to a ratio;
thirdly, adding the piezoelectric ceramic fiber with the formula amount into the uniformly mixed and dispersed material in the step two, and uniformly stirring, specifically stirring for 5-15min at the rotating speed of 200-350 rpm; then adding the carbon fiber with the formula amount, and mixing and stirring uniformly.
Compared with the existing products, the sound absorption damping coating and the preparation method thereof have the following advantages:
(1) according to the invention, the piezoelectric ceramic fibers are added into the coating, and the coating is subjected to conductivity design, so that the piezoelectric ceramic fibers in the coating can be converted into electric energy after absorbing sound energy and then dissipated out in the form of heat energy, and the sound absorption performance of the coating is improved;
(2) the coating of the invention adopts an improved resin system, which can simultaneously improve the adhesive force, the flexibility and the shock resistance of the coating;
(3) the high Tg and low Tg matrix resins are selected and used together, so that the coating has good service performance in a higher or lower temperature range, and the service temperature range of the coating is expanded.
(4) The coating disclosed by the invention adopts a water-based dispersion system, so that the volatilization of VOC (volatile organic compounds) in the using process is reduced, good environmental friendliness can be realized, and no harm is caused to the health of a human body;
(5) the coating has higher sound absorption damping strength, can reduce the thickness of the coating in use, has smaller surface density, can improve the mechanical property of the coating and expand the selection range of matrix resin.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail by the following specific examples.
Example 1
First, a piezoelectric ceramic fiber is prepared.
The preparation method of the piezoelectric ceramic fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder with the formula ratio into a ball mill, grinding and then pre-burning, adding the pre-burned piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder into the ball mill, dropwise adding oleic acid, and drying for later use after ball milling;
(2) adding polyvinyl butyral into a solvent, and dissolving to obtain a polyvinyl butyral solution;
(3) adding the ball-milled and dried piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder into a polyvinyl butyral solution according to the ratio, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
(4) adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step (3) into a nozzle, and controlling the spraying pressure to spray silk floss-like fibers;
(5) embedding silk floss-like fibers into talcum powder, filling the talcum powder into a refractory sagger, and sintering the sagger in a muffle furnace;
(6) taking out the sintered fiber, cleaning and pressing into felt shape;
(7) oil bath polarization is carried out on the fiber pressed into a felt shape;
(8) and cutting the oil bath polarized fiber into short fibers with the length of 2-4mm, namely the piezoelectric ceramic fiber.
In the step (1), the piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
in the step (1), the added oleic acid can play a role in lubricating and anti-caking the pre-sintered piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder; in the piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder obtained after ball milling, 90% or more of the powder has a particle diameter of 5 μm or less.
In the step (2), the solvent in the polyvinyl butyral solution is ethanol, and the mass fraction of the polyvinyl butyral solution is 15%.
In the step (3), the mass ratio of the piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder to the polyvinyl butyral solution is 35: 65;
in the step (4), selecting a nozzle with the diameter of 0.1-0.3mm, controlling the pressure to be 0.4-0.6MPa, spraying the pulp from the fine hole of the nozzle, and quickly drying the pulp into silk-cotton fibers;
in the step (5), the particle size of the talcum powder is selected to be more than 400 meshes.
The sintering stage comprises plastic removal and sintering: in the plastic discharging process, the temperature rising curve is as follows: slowly raising the temperature at the speed of 50 ℃/h in the process of the room temperature to 450 ℃; the temperature is slowly raised at the constant speed within 4 hours at the middle of 450-750 ℃. In the plastic discharging process, a micro-exposure gap of the muffle furnace door is used for smoke discharge, gas and moisture generated by decomposition of organic matters (mainly oleic acid, polyvinyl butyral and the like) in raw materials are mainly discharged, and the furnace door is tightly closed when no smoke is discharged from the muffle furnace.
And (II) in the sintering process, heating in an air atmosphere at the speed of 300 ℃/h, wherein the maximum sintering temperature is 1280-1300 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-1.5h, and the furnace is naturally cooled along with the power failure after the heat preservation is finished.
And (6) taking out the sintered fiber, slightly flattening the disordered fiber after cleaning to form a felt shape, and cutting to obtain the fiber felt of about 70mm x 150 mm. Then, in the step (7), dipping the two ends of the fiber felt with silver paste, solidifying and sintering to form silver electrodes, and connecting the silver electrodes with high voltage of about 13KV for oil bath polarization; and (8) taking out the fiber polarized by the oil bath, cutting off the silver electrode parts at two ends, and cutting the rest parts into piezoelectric ceramic fibers with the length of about 2-4mm for later use.
Second, a coating is prepared.
The raw materials for preparing the coating comprise the following components in parts by mass:
wherein the Tg of the first acrylic emulsion is 22 ℃, and the first acrylic emulsion is a resin matrix with high glass transition temperature; the Tg of the second acrylic emulsion is-15 ℃, and the second acrylic emulsion is a resin matrix with low glass transition temperature; the aqueous dispersant is sodium hexametaphosphate; the particle size of the first mica powder is 400 meshes; the particle size of the second mica powder is 120 meshes; TPP powder is selected as the flame retardant; the length of the carbon fiber is about 1-3 mm.
In addition to the raw materials, deionized water can be added to adjust the viscosity of the coating in order to ensure the storage and production performance of the coating; meanwhile, in the using process of the coating, the viscosity of the coating can be adjusted by adding a proper amount of deionized water according to the construction condition.
The preparation method of the coating comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and dispersing other components except the piezoelectric ceramic fiber and the carbon fiber in the coating uniformly according to a ratio;
(2) adding the piezoelectric ceramic fibers in the formula amount into the uniformly mixed and dispersed material in the step (1), stirring at the rotating speed of 300rpm for 10min, then adding the carbon fibers in the formula amount, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the coating. As S1.
In the step (2), the addition amount of the carbon fiber is finally 10 according to the surface resistance of the coating6-109Ω & cm is preferable.
Example 2
The preparation method and the using method of the coating are the same as those of the example 1, except that the acrylic emulsion in the example 2 only comprises the first acrylic emulsion.
The raw materials for preparing the coating comprise the following components in parts by mass:
the resulting coating was designated S2.
Example 3
The coating was prepared and used in the same manner as in example 1, except that the acrylic emulsion in this example 3 included only the second acrylic emulsion.
The raw materials for preparing the coating comprise the following components in parts by mass:
the resulting coating was designated S3.
Example 4
The preparation method and the using method of the coating are the same as those of the example 1, except that the mass ratio of the first acrylic emulsion to the second acrylic emulsion in the example 4 is different from that of the example 1.
The raw materials for preparing the coating comprise the following components in parts by mass:
the resulting coating was designated S4.
Example 5
The preparation method and the using method of the coating are the same as those of the example 1, except that the mica powder only comprises the first mica powder in the example 4.
The raw materials for preparing the coating comprise the following components in parts by mass:
the resulting coating was designated S5.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method and the using method of the coating are the same as those of the example 1, except that the raw materials are selected as follows: in this comparative example 1, the first acrylic emulsion and the piezoelectric ceramic fiber were not added.
The resulting coating was designated B1.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method and the using method of the coating are the same as those of the example 1, except that the raw materials are selected as follows: in this comparative example 1, the second acrylic emulsion, the piezoelectric ceramic fiber and the carbon fiber were not added.
The resulting coating was designated B2.
The coatings obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to a performance test:
the coating is directly coated on the surface of a steel plate with an antirust primer to prepare a sample plate with the dry film thickness of about 2-3mm, after the sample plate is completely dried, the sample plate is respectively subjected to performance test according to standard HG/T5058-2016 (water-based damping coating for rail transit vehicles) and standard TB/T3138-2018 (material flame-retardant technical requirement for locomotive vehicles), and the damping performance of the coating is evaluated.
The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of performance test of the coatings obtained in the respective examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the performance test results in the table 1, the coating disclosed by the invention has good service performance, high flame-retardant performance level and good damping performance in a wide temperature range, belongs to a water-based system, is free of VOC volatilization, belongs to an environment-friendly coating, and is harmless to the body health of operators.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the design concept of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
2. the sound absorbing damping coating of claim 1, wherein: the acrylic emulsion comprises a first acrylic emulsion and a second acrylic emulsion, wherein the Tg of the first acrylic emulsion is 21-24 ℃, and the Tg of the second acrylic emulsion is-17 ℃ to-14 ℃.
3. The sound absorbing damping paint of claim 2, wherein: the mass part of the first acrylic emulsion is 11-16 parts; the second acrylic emulsion is 9-12 parts by weight.
4. The sound absorbing damping coating of claim 1, wherein: the mica powder comprises first mica powder and second mica powder, wherein the particle size of the first mica powder is 400 meshes, and the particle size of the second mica powder is 120 meshes.
5. The sound absorbing damping paint of claim 4, wherein: the first mica powder and the second mica powder are used in the same amount, and the mass portions of the first mica powder and the second mica powder are respectively 18-21.
6. The sound absorbing damping coating of claim 1, wherein: the coating also comprises deionized water.
7. The sound absorbing damping coating of claim 1, wherein: the length of the piezoelectric ceramic fiber is 2-4 mm.
8. The sound absorbing damping coating of claim 1, wherein: the length of the carbon fiber is 1-3 mm.
9. The sound absorbing damping coating of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the piezoelectric ceramic fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) adding piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder into a ball mill, grinding and then pre-burning, adding the pre-burned piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder into the ball mill, dropwise adding oleic acid, and drying for later use after ball milling;
(2) adding polyvinyl butyral into a solvent, and dissolving to obtain a polyvinyl butyral solution;
(3) adding the ball-milled and dried piezoelectric ceramic raw material powder into a polyvinyl butyral solution according to the ratio, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
(4) adding the mixed slurry obtained in the step (3) into a nozzle, and controlling the spraying pressure to spray silk floss-like fibers;
(5) embedding silk floss-like fibers into talcum powder, filling the talcum powder into a refractory sagger, and sintering the sagger in a muffle furnace;
(6) taking out the sintered fiber, cleaning and pressing into felt shape;
(7) oil bath polarization is carried out on the fiber pressed into a felt shape;
(8) and cutting the fiber after oil bath polarization to obtain the piezoelectric ceramic fiber.
10. A method of preparing an acoustic damping coating according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
preparing piezoelectric ceramic fibers;
secondly, mixing and dispersing other components except the piezoelectric ceramic fiber and the carbon fiber in the sound absorption damping paint uniformly according to a ratio;
and (III) adding the piezoelectric ceramic fiber in the formula amount into the uniformly mixed and dispersed material in the step (II), uniformly stirring, adding the carbon fiber in the formula amount, and uniformly mixing and stirring.
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