CN113135260A - Bracket and ship - Google Patents
Bracket and ship Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113135260A CN113135260A CN202110605050.2A CN202110605050A CN113135260A CN 113135260 A CN113135260 A CN 113135260A CN 202110605050 A CN202110605050 A CN 202110605050A CN 113135260 A CN113135260 A CN 113135260A
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- Prior art keywords
- plate
- side wall
- toggle plate
- toggle
- wall
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/14—Hull parts
- B63B3/56—Bulkheads; Bulkhead reinforcements
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ship construction, and particularly discloses a toggle plate and a ship. The toggle plate is arranged on one side of a rib plate in a ballast water tank of the ship, the rib plate is adjacent to the watertight transverse bulkhead, the ballast water tank comprises an inner bottom plate and an outer bottom plate, and the inner bottom plate and the outer bottom plate are arranged up and down oppositely and enclose a cavity of the ballast water tank. The toggle plate comprises a top wall, a fixed side wall, a bottom wall and a free side wall which are connected end to end. The fixed side wall is welded on one side of the ribbed plate. The roof welds in the interior bottom plate, and the diapire welds in outer bottom plate. The free side wall is an inward-concave arc surface. The free side wall of the toggle plate is set to be an inward-concave arc surface, so that the stress concentrated at the upper end of the rib plate is dispersed to the upper end and the lower end of the rib plate, the stress balance distribution of the strong frame bottom structure joint close to the watertight transverse bulkhead is realized, the maximum stress value of the strong frame bottom structure joint close to the watertight transverse bulkhead is reduced, the stress concentration of the rib plate is improved, and the structural strength and the safety of the ship are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ship construction, and particularly relates to a toggle plate and a ship.
Background
In a conventional cruise ship and cargo ship, as shown in fig. 1, a plurality of cargo holds 50 for carrying cargo, product oil, or the like are sequentially provided from a bow to a stern. Watertight transverse bulkheads 60 are welded to the front and rear of each cargo tank 50. Below the cargo hold 50 is a ballast tank 10, the ballast tank 10 is surrounded by an outer bottom plate 30 and an inner bottom plate 20, and an outer bottom longitudinal bone 301 and an inner bottom longitudinal bone 201 are welded to the outer bottom plate 30 and the inner bottom plate 20 in the ballast tank 10, respectively.
At the bottom of the frame near the watertight transversal bulkhead 60, the rib 40 connecting the inner bottom longitudinal rib 201 and the outer bottom longitudinal rib 301 causes stress concentration due to forced deformation. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a toggle plate 100 is welded to one side of the rib plate 40, a circular soft toe 110 extends from the top of the toggle plate 100, the top of the toggle plate 100 and the circular soft toe 110 are welded to an inner bottom longitudinal bone 201, the bottom of the toggle plate 100 is welded to an outer bottom longitudinal bone 301, and one side of the toggle plate 100 is welded to the side of the rib plate 40. Finite element analysis of the prior toggle plate 100 shows that the toggle plate 100 has a small effect on improving stress concentration at the bottom structural connection of the strong frame (between the inner bottom longitudinal frame 201 and the rib plate 40, and between the rib plate 40 and the outer bottom longitudinal frame 301) close to the watertight transverse bulkhead, and cannot meet the specification requirement of CSR (common specification of bulk cargo ship and oil tanker architecture).
Therefore, a need exists for a toggle plate and vessel that addresses the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide a toggle plate to improve the problem of stress concentration at the strong frame bottom structural connection near the watertight compartment transverse wall.
Another object of the invention is to provide a vessel to improve the problem of stress concentration at the strong frame bottom structure connection near the watertight compartment transverse wall.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a toggle plate is arranged on one side of a rib plate in a ballast water tank of a ship, the rib plate is adjacent to a watertight transverse bulkhead, the ballast water tank comprises an inner bottom plate and an outer bottom plate, the inner bottom plate and the outer bottom plate are arranged in an up-down opposite mode and enclose a cavity of the ballast water tank; the toggle plate comprises a top wall, a fixed side wall, a bottom wall and a free side wall which are connected end to end; the fixed side wall is welded on one side of the ribbed plate; the top wall is welded to the inner bottom plate, and the bottom wall is welded to the outer bottom plate; the free side wall is an inward-concave arc surface.
Further, the longitudinal distances between the top end, the middle position and the bottom end of the free side wall and the fixed side wall are h1, h2 and h3 respectively, and h1 is more than h2, and h3 is more than h 2.
Further, h1 ═ h3, and the free side wall is a first circular arc segment with a radius R1 in a longitudinal section of the toggle plate.
Further, h1 < h3, the free side wall is a first circular arc section with the radius of R1 and a second circular arc section with the radius of R2 on the longitudinal section of the toggle plate, and the first circular arc section is located above the second circular arc section and is connected smoothly into a whole.
Further, the radius R2 of the second circular arc section is 125 mm-600 mm.
Further, the position of the fixed side wall close to the top wall is inwards sunken to form fatigue holes, and the fatigue holes penetrate through two ends of the toggle plate in the thickness direction.
Further, the minimum distance between the fatigue hole and the top wall at the outer edge of the fixed side wall is 15 mm.
Furthermore, a through welding hole is formed between the fixed side wall and the bottom wall, and the through welding hole penetrates through two ends of the toggle plate in the thickness direction.
Furthermore, the radius of the through welding hole is 35 mm-75 mm.
A vessel comprising the above-described toggle plate.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the toggle plate and the ship provided by the invention, the free side wall of the toggle plate is set to be the inward-concave arc surface, so that the stress concentrated on the upper end of the rib plate is dispersed on the upper end and the lower end of the rib plate, the stress balance distribution of the bottom structure connecting part of the strong frame close to the watertight transverse bulkhead is realized, the maximum stress value of the bottom structure connecting part of the strong frame close to the watertight transverse bulkhead is reduced, the stress concentration of the rib plate is improved, and the structural strength and the safety of the ship are improved. Because the bracket effectively solves the problem of stress concentration at the joint of the bottom structure of the strong frame close to the watertight transverse bulkhead, a local longitudinal girder does not need to be additionally arranged at the middle position of the rib plate, and the lightweight of ship construction is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal cross-sectional view of a ballast water tank of a prior art marine vessel;
FIG. 2 is an end view of a prior art toggle plate;
fig. 3 is an end view of a first toggle plate provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an end view of a second toggle plate provided in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
The component names and designations in the drawings are as follows:
100. a toggle plate; 110. a circular arc soft toe;
10. a ballast water tank; 20. an inner bottom plate; 201. an inner bottom longitudinal bone; 30. an outer base plate; 301. an outsole longitudinal bone; 40. a rib plate; 50. a cargo compartment; 60. a watertight transverse bulkhead;
1. a toggle plate; 11. a top wall; 12. a fixed side wall; 13. a bottom wall; 14. a free side wall; 2. fatigue holes; 3. and (4) passing through the welding hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the elements associated with the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Example one
The present embodiment discloses a ship having a plurality of cargo holds 50 for carrying cargo, product oil, or the like, sequentially arranged from the bow to the stern. Watertight transverse bulkheads 60 are welded to the front and rear of each cargo tank 50. Below the cargo hold 50 is a ballast tank 10, the ballast tank 10 includes an outer bottom plate 30 and an inner bottom plate 20, the outer bottom plate 30 and the inner bottom plate 20 are arranged opposite to each other up and down and enclose a cavity of the ballast tank 10. The outer bottom plate 30 and the inner bottom plate 20 are welded with an outer bottom longitudinal bone 301 and an inner bottom longitudinal bone 201, respectively, in the ballast water tank 10.
At the bottom of the frame near the watertight transversal bulkhead 60, the rib 40 connecting the inner bottom longitudinal rib 201 and the outer bottom longitudinal rib 301 causes stress concentration due to forced deformation. The conventional toggle plate 100 has an insignificant effect of improving stress concentration between the inner-sole longitudinal rib 201 and the rib plate 40 and between the rib plate 40 and the outer-sole longitudinal rib 301, and thus it is difficult to satisfy the construction requirements of the ship.
In order to solve the above problem, the present embodiment further discloses a toggle plate 1, and the toggle plate 1 is disposed on one side of the rib 40 in the ballast water tank 10 of the ship. The toggle plate 1 comprises an end-to-end connected top wall 11, a fixed side wall 12, a bottom wall 13 and a free side wall 14. The fixed side wall 12 is welded to one side of the rib 40. The top wall 11 is welded to the inner bottom panel 20 and the bottom wall 13 is welded to the outer bottom panel 30. The free side wall 14 is an inwardly concave arc surface.
The free side wall 14 of the toggle plate 1 of the embodiment is an inwardly concave arc surface, and the stress concentrated on the upper end of the rib plate 40 is dispersed at the upper end and the lower end of the rib plate 40, so that the stress balance distribution at the joint of the bottom structure of the strong frame close to the watertight transverse bulkhead 60 is realized, the maximum stress value at the joint of the bottom structure of the strong frame close to the watertight transverse bulkhead 60 is reduced, the stress concentration of the rib plate 40 is improved, and the structural strength and the safety of the ship are improved. Because the toggle plate 1 effectively solves the problem of stress concentration at the bottom structural connection part of the strong frame close to the watertight transverse bulkhead 60, a local longitudinal girder does not need to be additionally arranged at the middle position of the ribbed plate 40, and the light weight of ship construction is realized.
The toggle plate 1 of the embodiment has a simple structure and is convenient to process and manufacture. Meanwhile, the sleeve can be better sleeved on the steel, the utilization rate of the steel is favorably improved, the production cost of the toggle plate 1 is reduced, and resources are saved.
As shown in FIG. 3, the top, middle and bottom ends of the free side wall 14 are longitudinally spaced from the fixed side wall 12 by h1, h2 and h3, respectively, with h1 > h2 and h3 > h 2. The distance between the free side wall 14 and the fixed side wall 12 becomes gradually smaller from the top end of the free side wall 14 to the middle position thereof, and becomes gradually larger from the middle position of the free side wall 14 to the bottom end thereof.
In particular, in a longitudinal section of the toggle plate 1, the fixed side wall 12 forms a vertical section, the top wall 11 forms a first horizontal section, the bottom wall 13 forms a second horizontal section, and the free side wall 14 forms an arc section. For convenience of description, an intersection point of the first horizontal segment and the circular arc segment is defined as a point a, an intersection point of the second horizontal segment and the circular arc segment is defined as a point B, an intersection point of a center line of the toggle plate 1 in the height direction and the circular arc segment is defined as a point C, and an intersection point of the vertical segment and the first horizontal segment is defined as a point 0. In the longitudinal section of the toggle plate 1, h1 is the distance from point a to the vertical section (or point O), h2 is the distance from point C to the vertical section, and h3 is the distance from point B to the vertical section.
Preferably, h1 is h3, and the longitudinal distance h1 between the top end of the free side wall 14 and the fixed side wall 12 is equal to the longitudinal distance h3 between the bottom end of the free side wall 14 and the fixed side wall 12, so that the free side wall 14 is a first circular arc segment with a radius R1 in a longitudinal section of the toggle plate 1. Namely, the first arc segment is a part of the circle where the points a, B and C are located.
The length of h1 in this embodiment is 125 mm-400 mm, the length of h2 is 95 mm-125 mm, and the length of h3 is 125 mm-400 mm. For example, h 1-h 3-130 mm, h 2-95 mm, h 1-h 3-200 mm, and h 2-100 mm, or h 1-h 3-400 mm, and h 2-120 mm. It should be noted that when h1 and h3 are both 125mm, h2 has a length less than 125mm to avoid the formation of a vertical plane by free side wall 14.
As further shown in fig. 3, the stationary side wall 12 is recessed inwardly at a position close to the top wall 11 to form fatigue holes 2, and the fatigue holes 2 penetrate through both ends of the toggle plate 1 in the thickness direction thereof. Since fatigue fracture of the toggle plate 1 is likely to occur in the vicinity of the fatigue hole 2 by fatigue strength analysis of the toggle plate 1, the fatigue hole 2 can reduce stress concentration at the position of the toggle plate 1 and the rib 40, improve the fatigue strength of the toggle plate 1, and prolong the service life of the toggle plate 1.
Specifically, the fatigue hole 2 of the present embodiment is a semicircular hole formed by inwardly recessing the surface of the fixed sidewall 12. The radius of the fatigue hole 2 is 35 mm-75 mm. For example, the radius of the fatigue hole 2 may be 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, 55mm, 60mm, 65mm, 70mm, 75mm, and the like. The radius of the fatigue hole 2 can be adjusted adaptively according to the size of the toggle plate 1.
The fatigue hole 2 of the present embodiment has a minimum distance of 15mm from the top wall 11 at the outer edge of the fixed side wall 12. As shown in fig. 3, the intersection point of the fatigue hole 2 and the vertical section on the longitudinal section of the toggle plate 1 is F point and G point, wherein the F point is closest to the first horizontal section, i.e. the distance between the O point and the F point is 15 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, a through-welding hole 3 is formed between the fixed side wall 12 and the bottom wall 13, and the through-welding hole 3 penetrates through both ends of the toggle plate 1 in the thickness direction thereof. The through welding holes 3 can not only ensure the through welding requirements of butt welding seams and continuous welding seams, but also reduce accumulated water at the corners of the toggle plate 1 through the through welding holes 3.
The radius of the through-welding hole 3 of the present embodiment is 35mm to 75 mm. For example, the radius of the through-welding hole 3 may be 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm, 55mm, 60mm, 65mm, 70mm, 75mm, and the like.
Example two
The present embodiment discloses a toggle plate 1, and the toggle plate 1 is substantially the same as the toggle plate 1 of the first embodiment. The main differences are that:
as shown in fig. 4, h1 < h3, and the longitudinal distance h1 between the top end of the free side wall 14 and the fixed side wall 12 is smaller than the longitudinal distance h3 between the bottom end of the free side wall 14 and the fixed side wall 12, so that the free side wall 14 is a first circular arc segment with a radius of R1 and a second circular arc segment with a radius of R2 on the longitudinal section of the toggle plate 1, and the first circular arc segment is located above the second circular arc segment and is smoothly connected into a whole.
In particular, the length of the bottom wall 13 of the toggle plate 1 in its longitudinal cross-section is extended from point B to point E, so that the toggle plate 1 forms an outwardly extending toe end at the bottom. The toe ends enhance the fatigue strength of the toggle plate 1 at the bottom, so that the fatigue strength of the toggle plate 1 is further enhanced on the premise that the stress concentration at the joint of the strong frame bottom structure close to the watertight transverse bulkhead 60 is improved, and the service life of the toggle plate 1 is prolonged.
The interval between the second arc segment and the point E in the vertical direction is 15-35 mm, and the included angle between the tangent of the second arc segment at the point E and the second horizontal segment is 15 degrees. The radius R2 of the second circular arc section is 125 mm-600 mm. For example, R2 may be 125mm, 200mm, 300mm, 400mm, 500mm, 600mm, or the like.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and features of this invention, which is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but rather is susceptible to various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A bracket is arranged on one side of a rib plate (40) in a ballast water tank (10) of a ship, the rib plate (40) is arranged adjacent to a watertight transverse bulkhead (60), the ballast water tank (10) comprises an inner bottom plate (20) and an outer bottom plate (30), the inner bottom plate (20) and the outer bottom plate (30) are arranged oppositely up and down and enclose a cavity of the ballast water tank (10); the toggle plate is characterized by comprising a top wall (11), a fixed side wall (12), a bottom wall (13) and a free side wall (14) which are connected end to end; the fixed side wall (12) is welded to one side of the rib plate (40); the top wall (11) is welded to the inner bottom plate (20) and the bottom wall (13) is welded to the outer bottom plate (30); the free side wall (14) is an inward-concave arc surface.
2. The toggle plate according to claim 1, wherein the free side wall (14) has top, intermediate and bottom ends longitudinally spaced from the fixed side wall (12) by h1, h2 and h3, respectively, and h1 > h2 and h3 > h 2.
3. The toggle plate according to claim 2, characterised in that h 1-h 3, the free side wall (14) in a longitudinal section of the toggle plate being a first circular arc segment with a radius R1.
4. The toggle plate according to claim 2, characterised in that h1 < h3, the free side wall (14) in a longitudinal section of the toggle plate being a first circular arc segment with radius R1 and a second circular arc segment with radius R2, the first circular arc segment being located above the second circular arc segment and being joined smoothly in one piece.
5. The toggle plate according to claim 4, wherein the radius R2 of the second arc segment is 125mm to 600 mm.
6. The toggle plate according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the stationary side wall (12) is recessed inwardly at a position adjacent to the top wall (11) to form fatigue holes (2), the fatigue holes (2) penetrating both ends of the toggle plate in a thickness direction thereof.
7. The toggle plate according to claim 6, characterised in that the fatigue hole (2) has a minimum distance of 15mm from the top wall (11) at the outer edge of the stationary side wall (12).
8. The toggle plate according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein a through-welding hole (3) is opened between the fixed side wall (12) and the bottom wall (13), and the through-welding hole (3) penetrates through both ends of the toggle plate in the thickness direction thereof.
9. The toggle plate according to claim 8, characterised in that the radius of the through-weld holes (3) is between 35mm and 75 mm.
10. A marine vessel comprising a toggle plate according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110605050.2A CN113135260A (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Bracket and ship |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110605050.2A CN113135260A (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Bracket and ship |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113135260A true CN113135260A (en) | 2021-07-20 |
Family
ID=76815947
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110605050.2A Pending CN113135260A (en) | 2021-05-31 | 2021-05-31 | Bracket and ship |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113135260A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113602412A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-05 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Titanium alloy-based shipboard ballast water tank and diving system |
| CN113844613A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-28 | 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 | Hull rib plate structure connecting node |
| CN115092321A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-23 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Marine steel gate body |
| CN115158533A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-10-11 | 上海外高桥造船有限公司 | Connecting structure for connecting toggle plate, cabin wall plate and side outer plate and ship |
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| CN206187277U (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-05-24 | 上海外高桥造船海洋工程设计有限公司 | Hatch opening corner of large -scale bulk freighter and ore sand ship |
| CN107444566A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-12-08 | 广船国际有限公司 | A kind of bottom of ship structure and its fatigue life calculation method |
| CN207311764U (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-05-04 | 台州枫叶船业有限公司 | A kind of ship double bottom bracket |
| CN108163136A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-15 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | A kind of ship high stress node structure |
| CN211139564U (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-07-31 | 上海船舶研究设计院（中国船舶工业集团公司第六0四研究院） | Anti-fatigue structure at joint of transverse bulkhead and longitudinal bulkhead of cabin shed of roll-on-roll-off ship of automobile |
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2021
- 2021-05-31 CN CN202110605050.2A patent/CN113135260A/en active Pending
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| CN206187277U (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-05-24 | 上海外高桥造船海洋工程设计有限公司 | Hatch opening corner of large -scale bulk freighter and ore sand ship |
| CN107444566A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-12-08 | 广船国际有限公司 | A kind of bottom of ship structure and its fatigue life calculation method |
| CN207311764U (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-05-04 | 台州枫叶船业有限公司 | A kind of ship double bottom bracket |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113602412A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-05 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Titanium alloy-based shipboard ballast water tank and diving system |
| CN113602412B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2024-04-12 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Inter-board ballast water tank based on titanium alloy and diving system |
| CN113844613A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-28 | 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 | Hull rib plate structure connecting node |
| CN113844613B (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2024-03-26 | 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 | Hull gusset structure connected node |
| CN115092321A (en) * | 2022-06-30 | 2022-09-23 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Marine steel gate body |
| CN115158533A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-10-11 | 上海外高桥造船有限公司 | Connecting structure for connecting toggle plate, cabin wall plate and side outer plate and ship |
| CN115158533B (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2023-12-26 | 上海外高桥造船有限公司 | Connecting structure for connecting toggle plate, cabin wall plate and side outer plate and ship |
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