CN113132029A - Phased array antenna initial amplitude-phase null calibration system based on beam scanning mode - Google Patents
Phased array antenna initial amplitude-phase null calibration system based on beam scanning mode Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
Abstract
The invention relates to a phased array antenna initial amplitude-phase null interface calibration system based on a beam scanning mode. The calibration system adopts an air interface measurement mode, sets the phase shift of the phase shifter by determining the beam deflection direction of the phased array antenna, does not need to specially carry out independent phase adjustment on each unit, and configures the phase shift to form a beam scanning control matrix B; the detection antenna is placed on the vertical axis of the center of the phased array plane and at a distance D from the phased array antenna. Steering to different positions according to the array wave beam, configuring initial excitation through a phase shifter, and recording and measuring S parameters through a vector network analyzer; and calculating the coupling coefficient of the array unit and the detection antenna according to the free space propagation condition, completing the solution of the calibration matrix C, and realizing the calibration of the phased array antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a millimeter wave phased array antenna calibration system, in particular to a phased array antenna initial amplitude phase null interface calibration system based on a beam scanning mode.
Background
The demand for ever increasing data rates for data-intensive applications has stimulated a great deal of interest in the millimeter wave frequency bands and beyond, which provide enormous available bandwidth. However, millimeter waves have higher spatial propagation loss and lower signal-to-noise ratio, and the mainstream solution at present is an antenna packaging technology, in which an antenna system is packaged together and integrated in a transmission or receiving circuit, and the antenna packaging technology makes low-loss and low-cost integration of a millimeter wave system possible. Phased array antennas have wide application in the millimeter wave frequency band.
The phased array antenna requires precise control of the initial amplitude and phase of the array units, so that accurate knowledge of the amplitude and phase excitation of the array units is crucial, but due to the environment, radio frequency link differences, and the influence of uncertain errors of the amplitude and phase control network, the initial complex excitation of each array unit of the phased array antenna is different. Phased array calibration is therefore primarily to measure the difference in amplitude and phase between array elements and to compensate for the difference between array elements. Current phased array calibration methods are to configure the receive port with the same state and then measure the transfer function of all paths, however, some phased arrays may not be accessible to a single cell port due to their high integrity and compact structure. Thus, array calibration is desirably performed in an airborne radiation mode, i.e., without the need to access antenna element ports. The current calibration method commonly used in industry is to measure each array difference by exciting a single array unit and scanning the near field with other array units closed under the near field condition, but the calibration method needs a great amount of switching operation on the whole array unit, and simultaneously needs accurate position information and a packaged antenna structure, the test only measures a single array unit each time, and the test result does not consider the influence factors of the coupling among the array units and the transformation of an antenna initial module.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems: the method overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides the phased array antenna initial amplitude-phase null port calibration system based on the beam scanning mode, has less measurement times, measures through different beam directions under the condition that the array units of all phased array antennas are opened, obtains differences among the units, completes the calibration of the system, and has simple operation and quick and accurate test.
The concept of the invention is as follows: because the millimeter wave phased array antenna has higher propagation loss and lower signal-to-noise ratio, the mainstream solution is to encapsulate the phased array antenna in one unit, and in order to achieve simple and rapid test operation and consider the influence of coupling among the units, an air interface calibration mode is adopted; in order to eliminate the amplitude difference among the array units, the test under the far field condition is satisfied. And S parameters of the array wave beam pointing to different directions are measured by setting the phases of different branches, and the difference between the branches is measured to finish the calibration of the array.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a phased array antenna initial amplitude-phase space-aperture calibration system based on a beam scanning mode is characterized by comprising a multi-port numerical control phase shifter (1), a phased array antenna (2), a detection antenna (3) and a vector network analyzer (4); one port of the phase shifter (1) is connected with one array unit of the phased array antenna (2), the other end of the phase shifter is connected with the vector network analyzer (4), the other port of the vector network analyzer (4) is connected with the detection antenna (3), the detection antenna (3) is placed at a position D away from the plane center of the phased array antenna (2), and D meets the far field condition of the phased array antenna (2); the whole calibration system is placed in a wave-absorbing darkroom (8) and divides the feed of the phased array antenna (2) into N branches, each branch is connected with one port of one phase shifter and one array unit, the total phase-shifting configuration number of the phase shifters is Q, Q is larger than or equal to N, the phased array antenna (2) has K wave beam directions, and K is Q; the distance between the array units is d, and the distance between the detection antenna (3) and the nth array unit is rnAll array units are in working states;
firstly, the minimum beam scanning range in calibration is determined according to the parameters of the phased array antenna (2)
Determining the beam pointing angle of the phased array required to be measured by calibration according to the number P of beam scanning directions, wherein P is more than or equal to N and less than or equal to K; then, according to the beam pointing angle of the phased array, setting phase shift configuration of each phase shifter, and obtaining N phase shifter configurations by the phase shifters of N branches after measuring one beam angleSimultaneously, the vector network analyzer records an S parameter, beam pointing in P directions is scanned, PXN phase shifter configurations are obtained, the PXN phase shifter configurations form a beam scanning control matrix B, P S parameters are recorded, and the recorded S parameters form an S parameter matrix S; then, according to the free space propagation condition, the coupling coefficient a of each array unit and the detection antenna is obtainednObtaining a free space coupling matrix a of the array unit and the detection antenna; and finally, obtaining a calibration matrix C of the phased array antenna according to the beam scanning control matrix B and the free space coupling matrix a and the S parameter matrix S, and completing the calibration of the phased array antenna.
Determining a calibrated minimum beam scan range from phased array parameters
The following were used:
λ is the wavelength corresponding to the measured frequency, and P is the number of beam scanning directions.
The phase shifters are configured according to the beam pointing angles of the phased array antenna (2), and the phase shifters are configured by the following equation:
bpn＝exp[-jk(n-1)dsin(ψp)]
＝[exp(-jkdsin(ψp))]n-1
＝[exp(-j2πfp)]n-1
bpndenotes the P < th >, P ∈ [1, P >](ii) a Nth at beam scanning angle, N ∈ [1, N [ ]](ii) a Phase configuration of the phase shifters of the array elements; k denotes the wavenumber, i.e. k 2 pi/lambda, the frequency measured is the wavelength, where
ψpRepresenting the beam offset angle set by the phase shifter of the p-th branch, and solving b according to the frequency, the beam offset angle and the distance between the adjacent array units in actual measurementpnTo obtainBeam scanning control matrix B:
the free space coupling matrix a is calculated as follows: the coupling coefficient between the nth array element and the detecting antenna is anRepresentation, according to free space propagation conditions:
wherein
Denotes the nth array cell in
The directional pattern in the corner is,
indicating the azimuth angle value of the probe antenna at the nth array element,
presentation probe antenna
The directional pattern in the corner is,
indicating the azimuth angle value of the nth array element at the probe antenna,
representing the propagation coefficient of free space, rnDenotes the distance of the detecting antenna from the nth array element, k denotes the wave number, passing through anAnd obtaining an antenna coupling matrix a.
By the equation: s is B.C.a
The formula for the calibration matrix C is obtained: c is B-1·s·а-1
B-1Is the inverse matrix, a, of the beam sweep control B-1Is the inverse of the free space coupling matrix a. And finishing the calibration of the phased array antenna.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention controls the phase shift of the array units of all phased array antennas simultaneously, completes the beam angle scanning control of the phased array antenna beams, does not need to carry out independent switch operation on each unit, greatly simplifies the calibration test operation, reduces the test times and improves the test efficiency.
(2) The invention adopts the technical scheme that the array units of all the phased array antennas are in a working state at the same time, the measured result in the measurement process comprises the influence of coupling among the array units of all the phased array antennas, and the measurement result is more accurate and effective.
(3) The invention adopts the air interface test method, and can finish the calibration test of the system under the condition of not acquiring the array unit feed interface of each phased array antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an initial amplitude-phase null calibration system of a phased array antenna based on a beam scanning mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figure mean 1 is a phase shifter, 2 is a phased array antenna, 3 is a detection antenna, 4 is a vector network analyzer, 5 is a millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna horizontal state, 6 is a millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna vertical state, 7 is a direct current power supply, 8 is a wave absorbing darkroom, 9 is a computer, D represents the distance between the detection antenna and the phased array antenna, D represents the distance between array units, r representsnIndicating the distance, psi, of the probe antenna from the nth array elementpRepresents the beam offset angle set by the p-th branch phase shifter,
indicating the azimuth angle value of the probe antenna at the nth array element,
indicating the azimuth angle value of the nth array element at the detecting antenna.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the phased array antenna initial amplitude-phase null interface calibration system based on the beam scanning mode comprises a wave-absorbing darkroom 8, a phase shifter 1, a phased array antenna 2, a detection antenna 3 and a vector network analyzer 4; the whole measuring system is placed in a wave-absorbing darkroom 8, one end of each phase shifter 1 is connected with one array unit of one phased array antenna 2, the other end of each phase shifter is connected with a vector network analyzer 4, the other port of the vector network analyzer 4 is connected onto a detection antenna 3, the detection antenna 3 is placed at a position D away from the phased array antenna, and D meets the far field condition of the phased array antenna.
The whole system is carried out under the condition of a wave-absorbing darkroom, the position of a detection antenna meets the far-field condition of the phased array antenna, the feed of the phased array antenna is divided into N branches, each branch is connected with a phase shifter and an array unit, the total number of phase-shifting configurations of the phase shifters is Q, M is larger than or equal to N, the distance between the array units of the phased array antenna is d, all the array units are in a working state, and the beam pointing direction of the phased array antenna can be changed by adjusting the phase-shifting configurations of the phase shifters, so that the phased array antenna can have K (K is Q) beam directions at most; determining minimum beam scan range for calibration based on phased array antenna parameters
And the number P of beam scanning directions (N is not more than P and not more than K), determining the beam pointing angle required to be measured by system calibration, setting phase shift configuration of each phase shifter according to the beam pointing angle of the phased array antenna, wherein N phase shifter configurations can be obtained by the phase shifters of N branches after scanning one beam angle, and PXN phase shifter configurations can be obtained after scanning the beam pointing directions of P directions, and the phase shifter configurations form a beam scanning control matrix B; the probe antenna being disposed in a plane perpendicular to the phased array antennaOn the mandrel line, at a position D from the array plane, the distance from the detection antenna to the nth array unit is rn(ii) a Configuring different excitations by a phase shifter according to different array beam directions, recording S parameters in different beam directions by a vector network analyzer, and forming an S parameter matrix S by the recorded P S parameters after P beam scanning directions are measured; then, according to the free space propagation condition, the coupling coefficient a of each array unit and the detection antenna is obtainednAnd obtaining a free space coupling matrix a of the array unit and the detection antenna, obtaining a calibration matrix C of the phased array antenna according to the measurement result, and finishing the calibration of the phased array antenna.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna of 4 × 4 with a frequency range of 26.5GHz to 29.5GHz according to a specific embodiment of the present invention shows that the whole experiment is performed in a wave-absorbing dark room 8, D represents a distance between a probe antenna and the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna, the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna has 16 single-polarized array units, and D represents a distance between the single-polarized array units. The distance between each array unit is 5.45mm, the array unit has half wavelength of 28GHz, each array unit is connected with a 5-bit programmable attenuator and a 6-bit programmable phase shifter, and the setting of the attenuator and the phase shifter of each path can be automatically controlled by a computer program; a detection antenna 3 is 0.7m away from the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna, so that the far field condition of the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna is met, wherein 5 represents the horizontal state of the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna, 6 represents the vertical state of the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna, and the detection antenna 3 is polarized and aligned on the central axis of the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna; the vector network analyzer 4 is connected with the feed position of the packaged antenna and the feed position of the detection antenna, and is used for measuring S parameters when the wave beam of the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna points to different directions, and selecting and recording the S parameters at 28GHz because the S parameters can only measure the amplitude and the phase of single-point frequency, wherein the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna is in a receiving state, and the detection antenna is in a sending state. The direct current power supply 7 supplies power for the millimeter wave phased array packaging antenna, and the computer 9 is used for automatically controlling the attenuator and the phase shifter and is used for automatically measuring and recording data.
In order to evaluate the accuracy of the calibration system, an existing calibration method is selected for calibration as a reference, and the calibration by a rotation vector method is selected as a reference after comprehensive consideration. The rotation vector method is only calibrated by measuring amplitude, firstly all branches are set to be the same attenuation, the phase shifter of one branch is rotated to 360 degrees from 0 degrees, the phase shifters of other branches are set to be 0 degrees, the vector network analyzer records complex S parameters of the test, each millimeter wave phased array packaging antenna unit is operated, and finally 16x (26+1) times of measurement is carried out in the test.
When using beam sweep control calibration, the 6-bit programmable phase shifter steps a minimum of 5.625 °, and we choose to rotate the phase shifter from 0 ° to 360 ° in 5.625 ° steps, for a total of 65 different beam orientations, i.e., P ═ 65, according to the minimum beam sweep range equation:
the scan angle tested was determined as the step size of the phase shifter setting was uniform at 5.625 deg., so that the scan interval of the beam was non-uniform and the final selected scan range was at psip∈[-79.2°，79.2°]There are 65 different beam directions. After the beam direction is determined, the configuration of the phase shifter when different beam directions of the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna are determined, and a beam scanning control matrix B is obtained:
because the invention measures the amplitude and phase of different beam directions during measurement, the phase of the packaged antenna is normalized to the first uniform linear array unit aiming at different beams, so as to ensure the consistency of array phase measurement under different beam guiding directions.
Every time the wave beam of the millimeter wave phased array packaging antenna points to one direction, the vector network analyzer records an S parameter SpAfter scanning 65 beam directions, 65S parameters are obtained to form an S parameter matrix S:
according to free space propagation conditions and the sum of the distances from the detecting antenna to each array unit
Denotes the nth array cell in
The directional pattern in the corner is,
indicating the azimuth angle value of the probe antenna at the nth array element,
presentation probe antenna
The directional pattern in the corner is,
and expressing the azimuth angle value of the nth array unit at the detection antenna, and obtaining a free space coupling matrix a:
according to the formula s ═ B.C.a
C＝B-1·s·а-1
Thus, the calibration matrix C is obtained, and the calibration of the millimeter wave phased array packaged antenna is completed.
The method has good consistency with the traditional rotation vector array calibration method in experimental calibration verification, the amplitude error is within +/-0.5 dB, and the phase error is within +/-5 degrees.
Claims (5)
1. Phased array antenna initialization based on beam scanning modeThe amplitude-phase air interface calibration system is characterized by comprising a phase shifter (1), a phased array antenna (2), a detection antenna (3) and a vector network analyzer (4); one port of the phase shifter (1) is connected with one array unit of the phased array antenna (2), the other end of the phase shifter is connected with the vector network analyzer (4), the other port of the vector network analyzer (4) is connected with the detection antenna (3), the detection antenna (3) is placed at a position D away from the plane center of the phased array antenna (2), and D meets the far field condition of the phased array antenna (2); the whole calibration system is placed in a wave-absorbing darkroom (8) and divides the feed of the phased array antenna (2) into N branches, each branch is connected with one port of one phase shifter and one array unit, the total phase-shifting configuration number of the phase shifters is Q, Q is larger than or equal to N, the phased array antenna (2) has K wave beam directions, and K is Q; the distance between the array units is d, and the distance between the detection antenna (3) and the nth array unit is rnAll array units are in working states;
firstly, the minimum beam scanning range in calibration is determined according to the parameters of the phased array antenna (2)
Determining the beam pointing angle of the phased array required to be measured by calibration according to the number P of beam scanning directions, wherein P is more than or equal to N and less than or equal to K; then, setting phase shift configuration of each phase shifter according to a beam pointing angle of the phased array, wherein each time a beam angle is measured, the phase shifters of N branches obtain N phase shifter configurations, meanwhile, a vector network analyzer records an S parameter, beam pointing in P directions is scanned, PXN phase shifter configurations are obtained, the PXN phase shifter configurations form a beam scanning control matrix B, P S parameters are recorded, and the recorded S parameters form an S parameter matrix S; then, according to the free space propagation condition, the coupling coefficient a of each array unit and the detection antenna is obtainednObtaining a free space coupling matrix a of the array unit and the detection antenna; and finally, obtaining a calibration matrix C of the phased array antenna according to the beam scanning control matrix B and the free space coupling matrix a and the S parameter matrix S, and completing the calibration of the phased array antenna.
2. The system for calibrating the initial amplitude-phase space of the phased array antenna based on the beam scanning mode as set forth in claim 1 is characterized in that: determining a calibrated minimum beam scan range from phased array parameters
The following were used:
λ is the wavelength corresponding to the measured frequency, and P is the number of beam scanning directions.
3. The system for calibrating the initial amplitude-phase aperture of the phased array antenna based on the beam scanning mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the phase shifters are configured according to the beam pointing angles of the phased array antenna (2), and the configuration of each phase shifter is represented by the following equation:
bpn＝exp[-jk(n-1)dsin(ψp)]
＝[exp(-jkdsin(ψp))]n-1
＝[exp(-j2πfp)]n-1
bpndenotes the P < th >, P ∈ [1, P >](ii) a Nth at beam scanning angle, N ∈ [1, N [ ]](ii) a The arrangement of the phase shifters of the array unit; k denotes the wavenumber, i.e. k 2 pi/lambda, the frequency measured is the wavelength, where
ψpRepresenting the beam offset angle set by the phase shifter of the p-th branch, and solving b according to the frequency, the beam offset angle and the distance between the adjacent array units in actual measurementpnAnd obtaining a beam scanning control matrix B:
4. the system for calibrating the initial amplitude-phase aperture of the phased array antenna based on the beam scanning mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the free space coupling matrix a is calculated as follows: the coupling coefficient between the nth array element and the detecting antenna is anRepresentation, according to free space propagation conditions:
wherein
Denotes the nth array cell in
The directional pattern in the corner is,
indicating the azimuth angle value of the probe antenna at the nth array element,
presentation probe antenna
The directional pattern in the corner is,
indicating the azimuth angle value of the nth array element at the probe antenna,
representing the propagation coefficient of free space, rnDenotes the distance of the detecting antenna from the nth array element, k denotes the wave number, passing through anAnd obtaining an antenna coupling matrix a.
5. The system for calibrating the initial amplitude-phase aperture of the phased array antenna based on the beam scanning mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein: by the equation:
s＝B·C·а，
equation for calibration matrix C:
C＝B-1·s·а-1
wherein B is-1Is the inverse matrix, a, of the beam sweep control B-1Is the inverse of the free space coupling matrix a.
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| CN113839207A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2021-12-24 | 浩泰智能(成都)科技有限公司 | Amplitude and phase calibration method, system and equipment of active phased array antenna |
| CN115580339A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-01-06 | 江苏领创星通卫星通信科技有限公司 | Antenna beam scanning method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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