CN113131466B - Control method, device and system for electrochemical energy storage participating in low-frequency safe and stable third defense line - Google Patents
Control method, device and system for electrochemical energy storage participating in low-frequency safe and stable third defense line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method, a device and a system for electrochemical energy storage to participate in a low-frequency safe and stable third defense line, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining a typical operation mode set and a disturbance fault set; obtaining a frequency response model of a third defense line of electrochemical energy storage participation low-frequency safety and stability; screening out the operation mode causing the minimum power shortage and the corresponding disturbance fault, bringing the operation mode into the frequency response model, and calculating the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn; when the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage sub-cycle action is smaller than the electrochemical energy storage configuration capacity, optimizing each cycle action amount of the electrochemical energy storage to obtain the control amount of the electrochemical energy storage, and finishing the control of the electrochemical energy storage participating in the third defense line of low-frequency safety and stability. The invention can reduce the action risk of low-frequency load shedding, gradually optimize the configuration capacity and the control effect of the third defense line and improve the capability of the power grid for dealing with extreme faults.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a method, a device and a system for controlling electrochemical energy storage to participate in a low-frequency safe and stable third defense line.
Background
At present, electrochemical energy storage becomes one of important technical support means for large-scale access of new energy and extra-high voltage direct current construction, is widely applied to a power system, and keeps a rapid growth situation in recent years. The large-capacity power shortage caused by the fault in the power grid can cause the reduction of the system frequency, even the frequency collapse can be caused, and the continuously increased new energy power generation occupation ratio and the high-voltage large-capacity power transmission can aggravate the adverse effect on the safety and stability of the power grid frequency. The low-frequency load shedding is an important component of a third frequency safety defense line, partial load can be cut off in order through quick response, the frequency is prevented from further falling, and a large number of users are still powered off due to the low-frequency load shedding, so that great social influence is caused. Therefore, control resources such as electrochemical energy storage and direct current are brought into the frequency correction control strategy, and the frequency correction control strategy has great significance for improving the capability of the power grid for dealing with extreme serious faults.
The electrochemical energy storage system has the characteristics of high response speed, active/reactive coordination, charge and discharge bidirectional control, high power conversion efficiency and the like, can quickly adjust the power output of the power grid when the frequency of the power grid deviates, and improves the dynamic frequency characteristic of a power system. With the optimization of the performance of the electrochemical energy storage battery and the reduction of the cost, the electrochemical energy storage is incorporated into a power grid frequency security defense system, and the electrochemical energy storage battery has more research value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method, a device and a system for controlling a third defense line through electrochemical energy storage and low-frequency safety and stability, which can reduce the action risk of low-frequency load shedding, gradually optimize the configuration capacity and the control effect of the third defense line and improve the capability of a power grid for dealing with extreme faults.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effects, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling electrochemical energy storage to participate in a third defense line with low frequency safety and stability, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a typical operation mode set and a disturbance fault set;
acquiring a frequency response model of a third defense line of electrochemical energy storage participation low-frequency safety and stability;
screening out the operation mode causing the minimum power shortage and the corresponding disturbance fault, and substituting the operation mode into the frequency response model to calculate the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn, wherein the calculation result of the frequency response model is the electrochemical energy storage output power; the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn action is the maximum value of the electrochemical energy storage output power meeting the power grid frequency overshoot constraint;
when the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage sub-cycle action is smaller than the electrochemical energy storage configuration capacity, optimizing each cycle action amount of the electrochemical energy storage to obtain the control amount of the electrochemical energy storage, and finishing the control of the electrochemical energy storage participating in the third defense line of low-frequency safety and stability.
Optionally, the frequency response model is:
when Δ f < Δ f m The method comprises the following steps:
wherein,
a＝ξω n
K＝K L +K G
when Δ f > Δ f m The method comprises the following steps:
wherein,
wherein, Δ f (t) is a time domain expression of the frequency deviation value; p e Representing the active power shortage of the system; h G Is inertia time constant of power system, and is defined as synchronous rotation speed omega e Rotor energy E of generator MWS ＝Jω r 2 /2 and rated capacity S of the motor N The ratio of (A) to (B); p s Output active power for electrochemical energy storage; Δ f is the frequency deviation, Δ f m For the speed regulator to reach the maximum adjustable power P m,max Time corresponding frequency deviation; k is L Adjusting the effect coefficient for the static frequency of the load; k is G Is the power frequency characteristic coefficient, T, of the generator G Is the governor time constant; if the frequency reaches the start threshold for t e After a delay of t d Regulating output power by post-electrochemical energy storage, i.e. action time is t z ＝t e +t d 。
Optionally, the control amount of electrochemical energy storage is calculated by:
the method comprises the steps of taking the minimum preset weighted optimization model as an optimization target, and solving the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round by combining preset constraint conditions;
and converting the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round into a ratio of the electrochemical energy storage output power increment to the total electrochemical energy storage installed capacity to obtain the control quantity of the electrochemical energy storage.
Optionally, the weighted optimization model is:
wherein, F (X) i,j Generating a comprehensive index of a disturbance fault j in an operation mode i; lambda [ alpha ] i For the probability of operating in mode i, μ j Is the probability of a disturbance fault j occurring; n is a radical of c Number of typical modes of operation, N d The number of fault scenes;
wherein, after the disturbance fault j occurs in the operation mode i,
representing the peak frequency deviation as the frequency drops to a minimum during the transient,
represents an overshoot transient frequency deviation above 50 Hz; Δ f s i,j Represents the steady state frequency deviation;
C ls 、C es 、C fs 、C fp 、C fd respectively a load shedding cost coefficient, an electrochemical energy storage cost coefficient, a steady-state frequency index coefficient, a peak frequency index coefficient and an overshoot frequency index coefficient;
the load is cut for the h-th round,
outputting power increment for the kth electrochemical energy storage; n is a radical of 1 And N 2 The low-frequency action wheel numbers of low-frequency load shedding and electrochemical energy storage are respectively; x represents an optimization variable and is electrochemical energy storage output power increment of n rounds;
the constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein, P s,k For the kth electrochemical energy storage output power increment, P s,max Setting the maximum output power value of the electrochemical energy storage system; f. of s At steady state frequency, f s,min And f s,max Respectively constrained by a minimum value and a maximum value of the steady-state frequency; f. of d Representing the amount of transient frequency overshoot, f d,max And is constrained by the maximum value of the transient frequency overshoot.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the control amount of electrochemical energy storage is as follows:
wherein, P s,k For the kth electrochemical energy storage output power increment, P s,N The total electrochemical energy storage installed capacity.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a control device for electrochemical energy storage to participate in a low-frequency safe and stable third defense line, comprising:
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring a typical operation mode set and a disturbance fault set;
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring a frequency response model of a third defense line of electrochemical energy storage participation low-frequency safety and stability;
the calculating unit is used for screening out the operation mode causing the minimum power shortage and the corresponding disturbance fault, bringing the operation mode into the frequency response model and calculating the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn, wherein the calculating result of the frequency response model is the electrochemical energy storage output power; the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn action is the maximum value of the electrochemical energy storage output power meeting the power grid frequency overshoot constraint;
and the control unit is used for optimizing the action amount of each turn of electrochemical energy storage to obtain the control amount of the electrochemical energy storage and complete the control of the electrochemical energy storage participating in the third defense line of low-frequency safety and stability when the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage for the turn of actions is smaller than the configured capacity of the electrochemical energy storage.
Optionally, the frequency response model is:
when Δ f < Δ f m When the method is used:
wherein,
a＝ξω n
K＝K L +K G
when Δ f > Δ f m When the method is used:
wherein,
wherein, Δ f (t) is a time domain expression of the frequency deviation value; p e Indicating an active power deficit of the system; h G Is inertia time constant of power system, defined as synchronizationSpeed of rotation omega e Rotor energy E of generator MWS ＝Jω r 2 /2 and rated capacity S of the motor N The ratio of (A) to (B); p s Output active power for electrochemical energy storage; Δ f is the frequency deviation, Δ f m For achieving maximum adjustable power P of speed regulator m,max Time corresponding frequency deviation; k L Adjusting the effect coefficient for the static frequency of the load; k G Is the power frequency characteristic coefficient, T, of the generator G Is the governor time constant; if the frequency reaches the starting threshold value, the time is t e After a delay of t d Regulating output power by post-electrochemical energy storage, i.e. action time is t z ＝t e +t d 。
Optionally, the control amount of electrochemical energy storage is calculated by:
the method comprises the steps of taking the minimum preset weighted optimization model as an optimization target, and solving the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round by combining preset constraint conditions;
and converting the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round into a ratio of the electrochemical energy storage output power increment to the total electrochemical energy storage installed capacity to obtain the control quantity of the electrochemical energy storage.
Optionally, the weighted optimization model is:
wherein, F (X) i,j Generating a comprehensive index of a disturbance fault j in an operation mode i; lambda [ alpha ] i For the probability of operating in mode i, μ j Is the probability of the occurrence of the disturbance fault j; n is a radical of hydrogen c Number of typical modes of operation, N d The number of fault scenes;
after a disturbance fault j occurs in the operating mode i,
representing the peak frequency deviation as the frequency drops to a minimum during the transient,
represents an overshoot transient frequency deviation above 50 Hz; Δ f s i,j Represents the steady state frequency deviation;
C ls 、C es 、C fs 、C fp 、C fd respectively a load shedding cost coefficient, an electrochemical energy storage cost coefficient, a steady-state frequency index coefficient, a peak frequency index coefficient and an overshoot frequency index coefficient;
the load is cut for the h-th round,
outputting power increment for the kth electrochemical energy storage; n is a radical of hydrogen 1 And N 2 The low-frequency action wheel numbers of low-frequency load shedding and electrochemical energy storage are respectively; and X represents an optimization variable and is the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of n rounds.
The constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein, P s,k For the kth electrochemical energy storage output power increment, P s,max Setting the maximum output power value of the electrochemical energy storage system; f. of s At steady state frequency, f s,min And f s,max Respectively constrained by a minimum value and a maximum value of the steady-state frequency; f. of d Represents the transient frequency overshoot, f d,max And is constrained by the maximum value of the transient frequency overshoot.
Optionally, the control amount of electrochemical energy storage is calculated by the following formula:
wherein, P s,k For the kth electrochemical energy storage output power increment, P s,N The installed capacity is the total electrochemical energy storage.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a control system for electrochemical energy storage participating in a third defense line with low frequency safety and stability, which comprises a storage medium and a processor;
the storage medium is to store instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of the first aspects.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can make the electrochemical energy storage cooperate with the existing low-frequency load shedding scheme, deal with typical and random faults in the power grid through the repeated action, and achieve better frequency recovery effect with smaller control cost.
Secondly, the invention can fully utilize the advantages of flexible and quick adjustment of electrochemical energy storage, gradually optimize the configuration capacity and the control effect of a third defense line, improve the capability of a power grid for dealing with extreme faults and also contribute to improving the utilization benefit of the electrochemical energy storage.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of an electrochemical energy storage participating in a third defense line of low-frequency safety and stability according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method for electrochemical energy storage participating in a third defense line with low frequency safety and stability, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a typical operation mode set and a disturbance fault set causing high-power shortage;
obtaining a frequency response model of a third defense line of electrochemical energy storage participation low-frequency safety and stability;
screening out the operation mode causing the minimum power shortage and the corresponding disturbance fault, bringing the operation mode into the frequency response model, and calculating the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn, wherein the calculation result of the frequency response model is the electrochemical energy storage output power; the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn action is the maximum value of the electrochemical energy storage output power meeting the power grid frequency overshoot constraint;
when the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage sub-cycle action is smaller than the electrochemical energy storage configuration capacity, optimizing each cycle action amount of the electrochemical energy storage to obtain the control amount of the electrochemical energy storage, and finishing the control of the electrochemical energy storage participating in the third defense line of low-frequency safety and stability.
In a specific implementation process, as shown in fig. 1, the method in the embodiment of the present invention specifically includes:
(1) and carrying out data preparation work of scheme setting, and acquiring the operation mode, the topological structure, the historical operation data, the historical fault condition, the low-frequency load shedding and the configuration condition of electrochemical energy storage of the power grid from an operation department of the power grid. The method comprises the following steps that a power grid operation mode and a topological structure are used for equivalence of the power grid, and models such as a generator, a load and electrochemical energy storage in a power system are subjected to equivalence by using methods such as a weighted average method and a parameter identification method to obtain a single-machine centralized load model; historical operation data are used for formulating a typical operation mode set C, and historical faults mainly consider a third-level standard fault of safety and stability and are used for formulating a disturbance fault set F causing high-power shortage; the configuration conditions of the low-frequency load shedding and the electrochemical energy storage are used for setting the scheme parameters of the electrochemical energy storage participating in the low-frequency safe third defense line.
(2) And selecting a typical operation mode set C and a disturbance fault set F causing high-power shortage based on historical statistical information.
Due to the complexity and variability of the operation modes of the power grid, all the operation modes cannot be calculated one by one, and in order to reduce workload, a plurality of typical operation modes are selected, including big summer, small summer, big winter, small winter and the like. Through analysis of power grid data in the past year, the accumulated running time of various running modes of the power grid, the types and the times of faults are counted to obtain the probability distribution condition, and a representative typical running mode set C is selected; and carrying out power grid safety and stability analysis on the basis, and obtaining a large disturbance fault set F which possibly causes large power shortage in the third-level safety and stability standard fault. The electrochemical energy storage low frequency correction control scheme needs to accommodate each mode of operation and failure in C and F.
(3) Establishing a frequency response model of a third defense line of electrochemical energy storage participation low-frequency safety and stability, wherein the frequency response model takes the influence of electrochemical energy storage control characteristics into account, and specifically:
the frequency response model is:
when Δ f < Δ f m The method comprises the following steps:
wherein,
a＝ξω n
K＝K L +K G
when Δ f > Δ f m When the method is used:
wherein,
wherein, Δ f (t) is a time domain expression of the frequency deviation value; p e Indicating an active power deficit of the system; h G Is inertia time constant of power system, and is defined as synchronous rotation speed omega e Rotor energy E of generator MWS ＝Jω r 2 /2 and rated capacity S of the motor N The ratio of (A) to (B); p s Output active power for electrochemical energy storage; Δ f is the frequency deviation, Δ f m For the speed regulator to reach the maximum adjustable power P m,max Time corresponding frequency deviation; k L Adjusting the effect coefficient for the static frequency of the load; k G Is the power frequency characteristic coefficient, T, of the generator G Is the governor time constant; if the frequency reaches the start threshold for t e After a delay of t d Regulating output power by post-electrochemical energy storage, i.e. action time is t z ＝t e +t d 。
Transient frequency indexes including steady-state frequency, peak frequency and the like after power shortage disturbance and electrochemical energy storage low-frequency action can be calculated through a frequency response expression. Where the peak frequency deviation can be derived, the steady state frequency deviation can be expressed as:
(4) setting the number n of action rounds of electrochemical energy storage and the frequency threshold f of each round of starting e,k And operation delay t of each round e,k . The setting of the parameters needs to be based on the frequency response characteristics of the power grid and is coordinated with low-frequency load shedding measures, and the specific setting principle is as follows:
action delay of each round needs to consider two aspects of error prevention and frequency control effects of the stability control system, and is generally set to be 200-300 ms. Too many action rounds will influence the control effect because of action time delay, too few easily causes the excessive accuse, generally sets up to 3 ~ 5 rounds. The operation range of the normal frequency of the power grid and the operation requirement of primary frequency modulation are comprehensively considered, the action threshold value of the first electrochemical energy storage wheel is not higher than 49.5Hz, when the electrochemical energy storage capacity participating in the third defense line is sufficient and a plurality of electrochemical energy storage action rounds need to be set, the frequency level difference between the electrochemical energy storage action rounds can be determined according to 0.1-0.2 Hz, and the frequency level difference between the final electrochemical energy storage wheel and the first low-frequency load reduction wheel can be considered according to 0.1-0.2 Hz.
(5) Performing critical capacity analysis and calculation of a third defense line of electrochemical energy storage participation low-frequency safety and stability;
the meaning of critical capacity is: when the electrochemical energy storage capacity which can be used for the third defense line in the power grid is higher than the value, the action is carried out in turns, so that the interlocking accidents such as high-frequency cutting or new energy source unit off-grid caused by the electrochemical energy storage low-frequency action are avoided. And (4) screening the operation mode causing the minimum power shortage and the corresponding disturbance fault by combining the typical operation mode set C and the disturbance fault set F, and substituting the operation mode and the corresponding disturbance fault into the frequency response model in the step (3) to calculate the electrochemical energy storage output power meeting the power grid frequency overshoot constraint. And taking the maximum value of the electrochemical energy storage output power as the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage output power participating in the third defense line in turns.
(6) Under the condition that the electrochemical energy storage configuration capacity is higher than the critical capacity of the sub-round action, optimizing each round action amount of the electrochemical energy storage to obtain the control amount of the electrochemical energy storage (namely obtaining the electrochemical energy storage low-frequency action scheme)
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the invention, the control quantity of the electrochemical energy storage is obtained by calculating according to the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of taking the minimum preset weighted optimization model as an optimization target, and solving the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round by combining preset constraint conditions; and converting the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round into a ratio of the electrochemical energy storage output power increment to the total electrochemical energy storage installed capacity to obtain the control quantity of the electrochemical energy storage.
The specific implementation process comprises the following steps: and establishing comprehensive indexes according to the frequency recovery effect and the control cost, establishing a weighted optimization model considering various fault scenes and operation modes, and setting and calculating the electrochemical energy storage low-frequency action control quantity by combining the electrochemical energy storage power control capacity and the power grid transient frequency safety constraint.
The comprehensive indexes representing the frequency recovery effect and the control cost are as follows:
wherein, after the disturbance fault j occurs in the operation mode i,
representing the peak frequency deviation during transients when the frequency drops to a minimum,
represents an overshoot transient frequency deviation above 50 Hz; Δ f s i,j Represents the steady state frequency deviation; c ls 、C es 、C fs 、C fp 、C fd Respectively is a load shedding cost systemThe method comprises the following steps of counting, electrochemical energy storage cost coefficient, steady-state frequency index coefficient, peak frequency index coefficient and overshoot frequency index coefficient;
the load is cut for the h-th round,
outputting power increment for the kth electrochemical energy storage; n is a radical of 1 And N 2 The low-frequency action wheel numbers are respectively low-frequency load shedding and electrochemical energy storage; and X represents an optimization variable and is the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of n rounds.
The unified method of the selection principle and the dimension of each coefficient comprises the following steps: the load shedding control cost is higher than the electrochemical energy storage control cost, and the weight of the peak frequency and the overshoot frequency index is higher than that of the steady-state frequency; the control quantity is represented by the relative value of the electrochemical energy storage low-frequency action quantity or the load shedding quantity in the rated electrochemical energy storage/load power under each operation mode, and the dimension of the control cost under different operation modes is unified.
And carrying out weighted summation on the objective function according to the operation modes and the fault probabilities in the typical operation mode set C and the disturbance fault set F causing large-capacity power shortage, and obtaining a weighted optimization model as follows:
wherein, F (X) i,j Generating a comprehensive index of a disturbance fault j in an operation mode i; lambda i To be the probability of operating in mode i, μ j Is the probability of a disturbance fault j occurring; n is a radical of c Number of typical modes of operation, N d The number of fault scenes;
regarding relevant constraints of electrochemical energy storage power control capability and power grid transient frequency safety and stability, the constraint conditions are established as follows:
wherein, P s,k Output power increment, P, for the kth electrochemical storage s,max Setting the maximum output power value of the electrochemical energy storage system; f. of s At steady state frequency, f s,min And f s,max Respectively constrained by a minimum and a maximum value of the steady-state frequency; f. of d Representing the amount of transient frequency overshoot, f d,max And is constrained by the maximum value of the transient frequency overshoot.
Under the constraint condition, the minimum weighted optimization model is taken as an optimization target, the optimal electrochemical energy storage action amount is calculated, and the increment of electrochemical energy storage in each turn is converted into the total electrochemical energy storage installed capacity P s,N Ratio of (1) k And obtaining the electrochemical energy storage low-frequency action control quantity with the optimal comprehensive index, namely:
(7) and checking the line power flow in the system after the low-frequency correction control action, and if the power distribution scheme of the electrochemical energy storage is not configured reasonably, causing the problems of power flow out-of-limit and the like after control, causing line overload and further causing cascading failure. And performing transient simulation analysis on the low-frequency correction control scheme and the fault set F, checking the power flow of the line, and if the power flow is unreasonable, re-setting the action fixed value of each turn of the electrochemical energy storage until the power flow is reasonably distributed.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a control device for electrochemical energy storage participating in a third defense line with low frequency safety and stability, which comprises:
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring a typical operation mode set and a disturbance fault set causing high-power shortage;
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring a frequency response model of a third defense line of electrochemical energy storage participation low-frequency safety and stability;
the calculation unit is used for screening out the operation mode causing the minimum power shortage and the corresponding disturbance fault, bringing the operation mode into the frequency response model, and calculating the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn action;
and the control unit is used for optimizing the action amount of each turn of electrochemical energy storage to obtain the control amount of the electrochemical energy storage and complete the control of the electrochemical energy storage participating in the third defense line of low-frequency safety and stability when the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage for the turn of actions is smaller than the configured capacity of the electrochemical energy storage.
In a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, the frequency response model is:
when Δ f < Δ f m The method comprises the following steps:
wherein,
a＝ξω n
K＝K L +K G
when Δ f > Δ f m When the method is used:
wherein,
wherein, Δ f (t) is a time domain expression of the frequency deviation value; p is e Indicating an active power deficit of the system; h G Is inertia time constant of power system, and is defined as synchronous rotation speed omega e Rotor energy E of generator MWS ＝Jω r 2 /2 and rated capacity S of the motor N The ratio of (A) to (B); p s Output active power for electrochemical energy storage; Δ f is the frequency offset, Δ f m For the speed regulator to reach the maximum adjustable power P m,max Time corresponding frequency deviation; k is L Adjusting the effect coefficient for the static frequency of the load; k G Is the power frequency characteristic coefficient, T, of the generator G Is the governor time constant; if the frequency reaches the start threshold for t e After a delay of t d Regulating output power by post-electrochemical energy storage, i.e. action time is t z ＝t e +t d 。
The control quantity of the electrochemical energy storage is obtained by calculating the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of taking the minimum of a preset weighted optimization model as an optimization target, and solving the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round by combining preset constraint conditions;
and converting the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round into a ratio of the electrochemical energy storage output power increment to the total electrochemical energy storage installed capacity to obtain the control quantity of the electrochemical energy storage.
Wherein the weighted optimization model is:
wherein, F (X) i,j Generating a comprehensive index of a disturbance fault j in an operation mode i; lambda [ alpha ] i For the probability of operating in mode i, μ j Is the probability of a disturbance fault j occurring; n is a radical of c Number of typical modes of operation, N d The number of fault scenes;
wherein, after the disturbance fault j occurs in the operation mode i,
representing the peak frequency deviation during transients when the frequency drops to a minimum,
represents an overshoot transient frequency deviation above 50 Hz; Δ f s i,j Represents the steady state frequency deviation; c ls 、C es 、C fs 、C fp 、C fd Respectively a load shedding cost coefficient, an electrochemical energy storage cost coefficient, a steady-state frequency index coefficient, a peak frequency index coefficient and an overshoot frequency index coefficient;
the load is cut for the h-th round,
outputting power increment for the kth electrochemical energy storage; n is a radical of 1 And N 2 The low-frequency action wheel numbers of low-frequency load shedding and electrochemical energy storage are respectively; and X represents an optimization variable and is the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of n rounds.
The constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein, P s,k Output power increment, P, for the kth electrochemical storage s,max Setting the maximum output power value of the electrochemical energy storage system; f. of s At steady state frequency, f s,min And f s,max Minimum and minimum steady state frequencies, respectivelyA large value constraint; f. of d Represents the transient frequency overshoot, f d,max And is constrained by the maximum value of the transient frequency overshoot.
The calculation formula of the control quantity of the electrochemical energy storage is as follows:
wherein, P s,k For the kth electrochemical energy storage output power increment, P s,N The installed capacity is the total electrochemical energy storage.
The rest of the process was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a control system for electrochemical energy storage to participate in a low-frequency safe and stable third defense line, which comprises a storage medium and a processor;
the storage medium is used for storing instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any of embodiment 1.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalent arrangements, and equivalents thereof, which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and features of the present invention, together with the advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A control method for electrochemical energy storage participating in a third defense line with low frequency safety and stability is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a typical operation mode set and a disturbance fault set;
obtaining a frequency response model of a third defense line of electrochemical energy storage participation low-frequency safety and stability;
screening out the operation mode causing the minimum power shortage and the corresponding disturbance fault, and bringing the operation mode into the frequency response model to further obtain the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage for the round action, wherein the calculation result of the frequency response model is the electrochemical energy storage output power; the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn action is the maximum value of the electrochemical energy storage output power meeting the power grid frequency overshoot constraint;
when the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage sub-round action is smaller than the electrochemical energy storage configuration capacity, optimizing each round action amount of the electrochemical energy storage to obtain the control amount of the electrochemical energy storage, and finishing the control of the electrochemical energy storage participating in the third defense line of low-frequency safety and stability;
the frequency response model is:
when Δ f<Δf m The method comprises the following steps:
wherein,
a＝ξω n
K＝K L +K G
when Δ f>Δf m The method comprises the following steps:
wherein,
wherein, Δ f (t) is a time domain expression of the frequency deviation value; p is e Indicating an active power deficit of the system; h G Is inertia time constant of power system, and is defined as synchronous rotation speed omega e Rotor energy E of generator MWS ＝Jω r 2 /2 and rated capacity S of the motor N The ratio of (A) to (B); p s Output active power for electrochemical energy storage; Δ f is the frequency deviation, Δ f m For achieving maximum adjustable power P of speed regulator m,max Time corresponding frequency deviation; k L Adjusting the effect coefficient for the static frequency of the load; k G Is the power frequency characteristic coefficient, T, of the generator G Is the governor time constant; if the frequency reaches the starting threshold value, the time is t e After a delay of t d Regulating output power by post-electrochemical energy storage, i.e. action time is t z ＝t e +t d 。
2. The method for controlling participation of electrochemical energy storage in low-frequency safety and stability third defense line according to claim 1, characterized in that the control quantity of electrochemical energy storage is calculated by the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of taking the minimum preset weighted optimization model as an optimization target, and solving the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round by combining preset constraint conditions;
and converting the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round into a ratio of the electrochemical energy storage output power increment to the total electrochemical energy storage installed capacity to obtain the control quantity of the electrochemical energy storage.
3. The method for controlling participation of electrochemical energy storage in low-frequency safety and stability third defense line according to claim 2, characterized in that the weighted optimization model is:
wherein, F (X) i,j Generating a comprehensive index of a disturbance fault j in the operation mode i; lambda i For the probability of operating in mode i, μ j Is the probability of the occurrence of the disturbance fault j; n is a radical of hydrogen c Number of typical modes of operation, N d The number of fault scenes;
wherein, after the disturbance fault j occurs in the operation mode i,
representing the peak frequency deviation during transients when the frequency drops to a minimum,
represents an overshoot transient frequency deviation above 50 Hz; Δ f s i,j Represents the steady state frequency deviation;
C ls 、C es 、C fs 、C fp 、C fd respectively a load shedding cost coefficient, an electrochemical energy storage cost coefficient, a steady-state frequency index coefficient, a peak frequency index coefficient and an overshoot frequency index coefficient;
the load is cut for the h-th round,
outputting power increment for the kth electrochemical energy storage; n is a radical of 1 And N 2 The low-frequency action wheel numbers of low-frequency load shedding and electrochemical energy storage are respectively; x represents an optimization variable and is electrochemical energy storage output power increment of n rounds;
the constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein, P s,k For the kth electrochemical energy storage output power increment, P s,max Setting the maximum output power value of the electrochemical energy storage system; f. of s At steady state frequency, f s,min And f s,max Respectively constrained by a minimum and a maximum value of the steady-state frequency; f. of d Represents the transient frequency overshoot, f d,max And is constrained by the maximum value of the transient frequency overshoot.
4. The method for controlling the electrochemical energy storage to participate in the third defense line of low frequency safety and stability according to claim 2, characterized in that: the calculation formula of the control quantity of the electrochemical energy storage is as follows:
wherein, P s,k Output power increment, P, for the kth electrochemical storage s,N The installed capacity is the total electrochemical energy storage.
5. The utility model provides a controlling means of electrochemistry energy storage participation low frequency safety and stability third way defence line which characterized in that includes:
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring a typical operation mode set and a disturbance fault set;
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring a frequency response model of a third defense line of electrochemical energy storage participation low-frequency safety and stability; the calculating unit is used for screening out the operation mode causing the minimum power shortage and the corresponding disturbance fault, and bringing the operation mode into the frequency response model so as to obtain the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn, wherein the calculating result of the frequency response model is the electrochemical energy storage output power; the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage in turn action is the maximum value of the electrochemical energy storage output power meeting the power grid frequency overshoot constraint;
the control unit is used for optimizing the action amount of each turn of the electrochemical energy storage to obtain the control amount of the electrochemical energy storage when the critical capacity of the electrochemical energy storage for the divided turns of the action is smaller than the electrochemical energy storage configuration capacity, and the control of the electrochemical energy storage to participate in the third defense line of the low-frequency safety and stability is completed;
the frequency response model is:
when Δ f<Δf m The method comprises the following steps:
wherein,
a＝ξω n
K＝K L +K G
when Δ f>Δf m The method comprises the following steps:
wherein,
wherein, Δ f (t) is a time domain expression of the frequency deviation value; p e Indicating an active power deficit of the system; h G Is inertia time constant of power system, and is defined as synchronous rotation speed omega e Rotor energy E of generator MWS ＝Jω r 2 /2 and rated capacity S of the motor N The ratio of (A) to (B); p s Output active power for electrochemical energy storage; Δ f is the frequency deviation, Δ f m For the speed regulator to reach the maximum adjustable power P m,max Time corresponding frequency deviation; k L Adjusting the effect coefficient for the static frequency of the load; k G Is the power frequency characteristic coefficient, T, of the generator G Is the governor time constant; if the frequency reaches the starting threshold value, the time is t e After a delay of t d Regulating output power by post-electrochemical energy storage, i.e. action time is t z ＝t e +t d 。
6. The control device of claim 5, wherein the control quantity of the electrochemical energy storage is obtained by calculation through the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of taking the minimum preset weighted optimization model as an optimization target, and solving the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round by combining preset constraint conditions;
and converting the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of each round into a ratio of the electrochemical energy storage output power increment to the total electrochemical energy storage installed capacity to obtain the control quantity of electrochemical energy storage.
7. The control device of claim 6, wherein the weighted optimization model is:
wherein, F (X) i,j Generating a comprehensive index of a disturbance fault j in an operation mode i; lambda [ alpha ] i For the probability of operating in mode i, μ j Is the probability of a disturbance fault j occurring; n is a radical of c Number of typical modes of operation, N d The number of fault scenes;
wherein, after the disturbance fault j occurs in the operation mode i,
representing the peak frequency deviation during transients when the frequency drops to a minimum,
represents an overshoot transient frequency deviation above 50 Hz; Δ f s i,j Represents the steady state frequency deviation;
C ls 、C es 、C fs 、C fp 、C fd respectively a load shedding cost coefficient, an electrochemical energy storage cost coefficient, a steady-state frequency index coefficient, a peak frequency index coefficient and an overshoot frequency index coefficient;
the load is cut for the h-th round,
outputting power increment for the kth electrochemical energy storage; n is a radical of 1 And N 2 The low-frequency action wheel numbers of low-frequency load shedding and electrochemical energy storage are respectively; x represents an optimization variable and is the electrochemical energy storage output power increment of n rounds;
the constraint conditions are as follows:
wherein, P s,k For the kth electrochemical energy storage output power increment, P s,max Setting the maximum output power value of the electrochemical energy storage system; f. of s At steady state frequency, f s,min And f s,max Respectively constrained by a minimum value and a maximum value of the steady-state frequency; f. of d Representing the amount of transient frequency overshoot, f d,max And is constrained by the maximum value of the transient frequency overshoot.
8. The device for controlling participation of electrochemical energy storage in low-frequency safety and stability third defense line according to claim 6, characterized in that the calculation formula of the control quantity of electrochemical energy storage is as follows:
wherein, P s,k Output power increment, P, for the kth electrochemical storage s,N For the total electrochemical energy storageMachine capacity.
9. A control system for electrochemical energy storage participating in a third defense line with low frequency safety and stability is characterized by comprising a storage medium and a processor;
the storage medium is to store instructions;
the processor is configured to operate in accordance with the instructions to perform the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-4.
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