CN107482692B - Active control method, device and system for wind power plant - Google Patents
Active control method, device and system for wind power plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a device and a system for active control of a wind power plant. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the active regulation and control capacity of each wind turbine; sequencing the plurality of wind turbine generators according to the active regulation and control capacity to obtain an active regulation and control capacity sequencing result; classifying the plurality of wind turbine generators according to the ultra-short-term power predicted value of the wind turbine generators and the completion proportion of the active regulation and control instruction to obtain a classification result; and adjusting the active power output of each wind turbine generator according to the classification results and the active power regulation and control capability sequencing results of the plurality of wind turbine generators. The regulation and control sequence of the wind turbine generator is objectively judged according to the operation parameters, the subjective influence is small, the wind turbine generator which is most suitable for regulation and control can be preferentially regulated and controlled according to the objective condition judgment, the action times of the wind turbine generator are reduced, the mechanical loss is reduced, the regulation and control purpose of a wind power plant can be quickly met, and the working efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power control, in particular to a method, a device and a system for active control of a wind power plant.
Background
The wind power plant level active control plays a role in starting and stopping in an active scheduling system containing a large-scale wind power cluster: the output plan of the wind power plant cluster is tracked, the dispatching instruction issued by the cluster is distributed to the wind power units in the wind power plant, and the active output of each wind power unit in the plant is coordinately controlled. With the fact that the proportion of wind power in an electric power system is larger and larger, a wind power plant is required to have certain active regulation and control capacity, and can participate in power grid peak regulation and active control of the electric power system, and the pressure of a conventional unit is reduced.
For an active control strategy of a wind power plant level, the previous research mostly takes the minimum sum of power loss inside a wind power plant as an optimization target, and some research results take wind power prediction technology into consideration to perform active control on a wind turbine generator, but the control target mainly aims to reduce the deviation of active power distribution and realize the stable output of the power of the wind power plant. However, in actual operation, it is expected that a wind power plant should have certain active regulation and control capability, and can actively participate in power system scheduling, so that the active regulation and control burden of a conventional unit is relieved. Therefore, not only the power loss is used as an optimization target for active control of the wind power plant, but also the active regulation and control capability of the wind power plant needs to be fully mined and improved. Many efforts have been made to study this aspect. However, in actual operation and control, the method of each area is different, a unified standard flow does not exist, and more wind power plants adopt a simple and direct mode to carry out active control on wind turbine generators in the wind power plants, so that the aim of meeting a scheduling instruction of a period on the wind power plants is not concerned about how to regulate and control the wind turbine generators. Taking the step-down power regulation as an example, there are two general ways for these wind farms to regulate the power Δ P to be regulatedallThe wind power generation set is distributed on each running wind power generation set according to a certain proportion, and is averagely distributed to each wind power generation set under most practical conditions, so that the whole wind power generation set acts together to achieve the active power regulation and control target. Another way is to select a certain number of wind turbines, let these beThe unit greatly reduces power, even stops to achieve the aim of power regulation until the sum of the reduced power is equal to the power adjustment quantity delta Pall. The traditional active regulation and control methods are greatly influenced by subjective factors, the number of actions of the wind turbine generator is large, the wind turbine generator is frequently started and stopped, the mechanical loss of the wind power plant is easily increased, and the improvement of the economic benefit of the wind power plant is not facilitated in the long term.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the influence of subjective factors is large in regulation and control of the wind turbine generators and the number of times of action of the wind turbine generators is large, the invention provides a method, a device and a system for active control of a wind farm, wherein the regulation and control capacity of each wind turbine generator is objectively evaluated according to operation data, the wind turbine generators in the wind farm are controlled according to evaluation results, and the number of times of action of the wind turbine generators is small.
The invention provides a method for active control of a wind power plant, which is used for realizing the purpose of the invention, wherein the wind power plant comprises a plurality of wind generating sets, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring the active regulation and control capacity of each wind turbine;
sequencing the plurality of wind turbine generators according to the active regulation and control capacity to obtain an active regulation and control capacity sequencing result;
classifying the plurality of wind turbine generators according to the ultra-short-term power predicted value of the wind turbine generators and the completion proportion of the active regulation and control instruction to obtain a classification result; and
and adjusting the active power output of each wind turbine generator according to the classification results and the active power regulation and control capability sequencing results of the plurality of wind turbine generators.
In the method for active control of a wind farm in one embodiment, the step of obtaining the active regulation and control capability of each wind turbine includes:
obtaining an evaluation index of the wind turbine generator;
calculating a weight coefficient of the evaluation index in the active power regulation of the wind turbine generator;
calculating an evaluation set of each evaluation index; and
and calculating the active regulation and control capability of each wind turbine generator according to the evaluation set and the weight coefficient.
In the method for active control of a wind farm in one embodiment, the step of calculating the weight coefficient of the evaluation index in active regulation and control of the wind turbine generator includes:
and calculating the weight coefficient of each evaluation index in the active regulation and control of the wind turbine generator by adopting an entropy decision method.
In the method for active control of a wind farm according to one embodiment, the step of calculating the evaluation set of each evaluation index includes:
and calculating an evaluation set of each evaluation index by adopting semi-trapezoidal distribution as a membership function.
In the method for active control of the wind farm of one embodiment, the evaluation index includes:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining the current power of the wind turbine generator, the variation trend of the predicted power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle, the tip speed ratio, the wind power utilization rate and the wind turbine generator regulation rate.
In the method for active control of a wind farm in one embodiment, the calculating a weight coefficient of each evaluation index in active regulation and control of a wind turbine includes:
constructing an initial matrix of evaluation indexes of the wind power plant;
standardizing the numerical values of all evaluation indexes of the wind turbine generator in the initial matrix of the evaluation indexes of the wind power plant, and establishing a proportion matrix;
calculating the information utility value of each evaluation index according to the proportion matrix;
and calculating the weight of each evaluation index according to the information utility value to obtain a weight coefficient matrix.
In the method for active control of a wind farm according to one embodiment, the step of calculating the evaluation set of each evaluation index includes: using formulas
Calculating the grade of the evaluation index j of the wind turbine generator i to obtain an evaluation set F of the wind turbine generator ii＝[fi1,fi2,fi3,fi4,fi5,fi6]Wherein, in the step (A),
is a membership function of 'excellent' under an evaluation index j,
is a membership function of 'good' under the evaluation index j,
is a membership function of 'middle' under the evaluation index j,
is a membership function of "difference" under the evaluation index j, z1，z2，z3，z4Is a weight coefficient, and z1+z2+z3+z4＝1。
In the method for active control of a wind farm in one embodiment, the step of classifying the plurality of wind turbines according to the ultra-short-term power predicted value of the wind turbines and the completion proportion of the active regulation instruction comprises:
dividing the plurality of wind turbine generators into weak output generators { P) according to the power predicted value of the wind turbine generators and the completion proportion of the active regulation and control instructionmAnd a unit with up-regulation capacity { P }uSet without up-regulation capacity { P }sAnd super engine set { P }sAnd fourthly.
An apparatus for active control of a wind farm, comprising:
the regulation and control capability acquisition module is used for acquiring the active regulation and control capability of each wind turbine;
the sequencing module is used for sequencing the plurality of wind turbine generators according to the active regulation and control capability to obtain an active regulation and control capability sequencing result;
the grouping module is used for classifying the wind turbine generators according to the ultra-short-term power predicted values of the wind turbine generators and the completion proportion of the active regulation and control instructions to obtain classification results;
and the adjusting control module is used for adjusting the active power output of each wind turbine generator according to the classification results of the plurality of wind turbine generators and the sequencing result of each active power adjusting and controlling capability.
A memory having stored therein computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method of any of the preceding embodiments.
A system for active control of a wind farm comprising a processor, a memory and computer instructions stored on the memory which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method of any preceding embodiment.
The beneficial effects of the invention include: according to the method for active control of the wind power plant, the active regulation and control capacity of the wind power plant is calculated and grouped after the operation data of the wind power plant is acquired, then regulation and control are performed according to the regulation and control sequence of the regulation and control groups, and the wind power plant in each regulation and control group is regulated and controlled according to the active regulation and control capacity. The regulation and control sequence of the wind turbine generator is objectively judged according to the operation parameters, the subjective influence is small, the wind turbine generator which is most suitable for regulation and control can be preferentially regulated and controlled according to the objective condition judgment, the action times of the wind turbine generator are reduced, the mechanical loss is reduced, the regulation and control purpose of a wind power plant can be quickly met, and the working efficiency is improved.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for active control of a wind farm of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a device for active control of a wind farm according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly apparent, specific embodiments of the method and system for active control of a wind farm according to the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that the method is mainly used for orderly active power regulation and control of a plurality of wind turbines in the wind power plant. Therefore, a wind farm using the method of the present invention will contain a plurality of wind turbines.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for active control of the wind farm in one embodiment comprises the following steps:
and S100, acquiring the active regulation and control capability of each wind turbine.
The active power regulation and control capability in the step can be obtained by fully utilizing various operation data of the unit operation and rated parameters of the unit. The operation data can be obtained in the operation process of the unit, and the rated parameters of the unit can be obtained from the parameter description of the unit and are input into the control system in advance. And a calculation formula of the air conditioning capacity is input in advance, and after the operation data of the wind turbine generators is obtained, the pre-stored rated parameters and the calculation formula are extracted to calculate the active regulation and control capacity of each wind turbine generator in the wind power plant.
It should be further noted that the active regulation and control capability of the wind turbine refers to the strength of the regulation and control capability received by the wind turbine in the regulation and control of the total output power of the wind farm. The larger the active regulation and control capability is, the stronger the regulation and control capability of the wind turbine is received, and the regulation and control can be preferentially carried out in the regulation and control process of the wind power plant.
In the aspect of selection of the operation data, the setting can be selected according to experience by combining the actual operation condition of the wind power plant and the operation condition of each wind turbine. For example, the current power of the wind turbine generator, the variation trend of the predicted power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle, the tip speed ratio, the wind power utilization rate and the wind turbine generator regulation rate can be selected as air conditioning capacity calculation parameters, and the capacity of the wind turbine generator to be regulated and controlled can be realized comprehensively.
After the active regulation and control capability of each wind turbine in the wind power plant is calculated, step S200 is executed, and the plurality of wind turbines are sequenced according to the active regulation and control capability to obtain an active regulation and control capability sequencing result. And after the sequencing result is obtained, the wind turbine generator is sequentially regulated and controlled according to the sequencing when the regulation and control are needed subsequently.
In addition to calculating the regulation and control capability of the wind turbine generators, in order to more accurately control the wind turbine generators in the wind farm, the method for controlling the air in the wind farm provided by the embodiment of the invention also groups the wind turbine generators, so that the regulation and control are more purposeful, for example, the wind turbine generators are grouped according to different power reduction and output functions of the wind farm.
S300, classifying the wind turbine generators according to the ultra-short-term power predicted values of the wind turbine generators and the completion proportion of the active regulation and control instructions to obtain classification results. In the execution, the completing proportion of the active regulation instruction can be determined by using the output condition of the last period of the wind turbine, and certainly, if necessary, the completing proportion of the active regulation instruction of the wind turbine in the second previous period can be also adopted, or the average value of the completing proportions of the active regulation instruction of the wind turbine in the three previous periods is used for calculation.
In the step, each wind turbine generator is calculated according to a preset calculation mode, all the wind turbine generators in the wind farm are classified and divided into different regulation and control groups, namely the classification result is divided into a plurality of regulation and control groups, and the number of the regulation and control groups to be divided can be preset and is similar to the classification of grades. Namely, the controllable spaces of the wind turbines are divided into a plurality of preset regulation and control groups according to the size of the controllable spaces of the wind turbines.
It should be noted that the classification calculation of the wind turbine generators in the wind farm and the calculation of the active regulation and control capability of each wind turbine generator can be performed respectively, that is, the two calculations can be performed in parallel, or any one of the two calculations can be performed in advance. The sequencing of the wind turbines according to the active regulation and control capability can directly sequence all the wind turbines in the wind power plant after the active regulation and control capability of each wind turbine is calculated, and can also sequence the wind turbines in no regulation and control group respectively after the classification is finished. No matter sequencing is carried out first or then, the wind turbine generators in each regulation and control group can be finally regulated and controlled in sequence.
And S400, adjusting the active power output of each wind turbine generator according to the classification results and the active power regulation and control capability sequencing results of the plurality of wind turbine generators.
Specifically, the regulation and control sequence of the regulation and control group can be preset for different regulation and control purposes of the wind power plant, when the wind power plant is regulated and controlled, the wind power units in the front regulation and control group are regulated and controlled firstly according to the preset regulation and control sequence, and when the regulation and control does not reach the regulation and control purpose, the wind power units in the back regulation and control group are continuously regulated and controlled in sequence until the regulation and control purpose of the wind power plant is reached, or even if the regulation and control purpose is not reached, the regulation and control of all the wind power units in the wind power plant are completed. And the regulation and control of the wind turbine generator in each regulation and control group are carried out according to the sequence of the active regulation and control capacity of the wind turbine generator, namely, the wind turbine generator with high regulation and control capacity is regulated and controlled firstly, and then the wind turbine generator with inferior regulation and control capacity is regulated and controlled secondly.
According to the method for active control of the wind power plant, after the operation data of the wind power generation sets are obtained, the active regulation and control capabilities of the wind power generation sets are calculated and grouped, then regulation and control are performed according to the regulation and control sequence of the regulation and control sets, and the wind power generation sets in each regulation and control set are regulated and controlled according to the active regulation and control capabilities. The regulation and control sequence of the wind turbine generator is objectively judged according to the operation parameters, the subjective influence is small, the wind turbine generator which is most suitable for regulation and control can be preferentially regulated and controlled according to the objective condition judgment, the action times of the wind turbine generator are reduced, the mechanical loss is reduced, the regulation and control purpose of a wind power plant can be quickly met, and the working efficiency is improved.
In addition, it should be noted that different regulation and control sequences of the regulation and control groups can be set for different purposes of regulation and control of the wind power plant, but the regulation and control in each regulation and control group is carried out from large to small according to the regulation and control capability.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining active power regulation and control capacity of the wind turbine generator, and obtaining a plurality of preset wind turbine generator operation data. And after the wind turbine generator operation data are obtained, analyzing and calculating the active regulation and control capacity of the wind turbine generator according to the obtained wind turbine generator operation data. The acquisition of the operation data can be a dynamic process, the operation state of each wind turbine generator is acquired in real time, and the operation data of a time period is generally reserved so as to be convenient for the subsequent judgment of the regulation and control energy of the wind turbine generators according to the time period.
In addition, the wind turbine generator set operating data in this embodiment includes data of a plurality of evaluation indexes. Step S100, obtaining the active power regulation and control capability of each wind turbine generator, and the method comprises the following steps:
and S110, obtaining the evaluation index of the wind turbine generator.
And S120, calculating a weight coefficient of the evaluation index in the active regulation and control of the wind turbine generator.
In the embodiment, the regulation and control capability of the wind turbine generator is calculated by using a plurality of evaluation indexes, but the contribution degree of each evaluation index to the regulation and control capability in the evaluation process is different in the calculation process. Therefore, the weight coefficient of each evaluation index in the evaluation process is calculated first. Different public evaluation weights are calculated for different evaluation indexes, and the regulation and control capability of the wind turbine generator can be calculated more effectively and more accurately.
S130, an evaluation set of each evaluation index is calculated. The step is that the operation data of each evaluation index is brought into a formula for calculating the regulation and control capability to obtain the contribution value of each evaluation index to the regulation and control capability. The evaluation value refers to a contribution value set corresponding to each evaluation index for evaluating the regulation and control capability.
And S140, according to the evaluation set weight coefficient, the active power regulation and control capability of each wind turbine generator.
Specifically, the active power dispatching in the day of the wind power plant needs to meet a certain regulation rate requirement, so that the core of the selection of the evaluation index of the active power regulation and control capability is the conditions of high regulation response speed, large adjustable capacity, high operation reliability and the like. According to the object, in one embodiment, the evaluation index of the wind turbine active power regulation and control capability calculation includes: current power P of wind turbine generatori *Variation trend k of predicted power of wind turbine generator*Pitch angle
Tip speed ratio
Wind power utilization rate ηiAnd adjusting speed v of wind turbine generatori。
For the first evaluation index, the current power P of the wind turbine generatori *. Current workThe power is the real-time active output of the wind turbine generator. The larger the real-time output of the wind turbine generator is, the larger the adjustable capacity of the wind turbine generator is, namely the larger the variable quantity when the current value is reduced to zero is, which is more favorable for regulating and controlling the power reduction of the wind power plant. The calculation formula is shown as formula (1):
wherein Pi (t) is a real-time active output value P of the wind turbine generator system iN,iThe rated capacity of the wind turbine i is 1,2, … …, n. The formula is actually used for standardizing the real-time active output value by taking the rated capacity of the fan as a reference.
For the second evaluation index, the variation trend k of the predicted power of the wind turbine generator is
According to the ultra-short-term power prediction condition of the wind turbine generator, the output of the wind turbine generator can be roughly divided into three variation trends of basic invariance, output rise and output fall in a certain time interval. For the wind turbine generator set in the descending trend, the future output change trend of the wind turbine generator set cannot be influenced in the output descending regulation, so that the regulation times of the wind turbine generator set can be reduced to a certain extent, and the optimization targets of reducing the regulation times and the shutdown number of the wind turbine generator set are indirectly achieved. The calculation formula is shown in formula (2):
wherein, PN,iIs the rated capacity, P, of the wind turbine generator if,iAnd (t) is the predicted output condition of the wind turbine generator i at the moment t.
The third evaluation index is the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine
The tip speed ratio is the ratio of the speed of the top end of the fan blade in the tangential direction to the wind speed at that position. The size of the ratio plays an important role in the wind energy capturing capability of the blade and directly influences the wind of the wind turbine generatorCoefficient of energy utilization CpIs an important parameter of the wind turbine. The calculation formula of the tip speed ratio of the wind turbine generator is shown as the formula (3):
wherein λ isiIs the current tip speed ratio, lambda, of the wind turbine generator imaxThe optimal tip speed ratio of the fan is obtained.
For the fourth evaluation index, the pitch angle of the wind turbine generator is
The pitch angle is also an important parameter of the wind turbine generator, the value of the pitch angle is changed within 0-90 degrees, and the wind energy utilization coefficient of the fan can be changed by adjusting the pitch angle, so that the output power of the fan is influenced. Because the wind energy utilization coefficient and the pitch angle have a certain negative correlation relationship, the pitch angle of the wind turbine generator is slightly changed, and the calculation formula is shown as the formula (4):
wherein, thetaiThe current pitch angle of the wind turbine generator is obtained.
Wind power utilization η of wind turbine generator for fifth evaluation indexi. The wind power utilization rate is the ratio of the generated energy of the wind turbine generator from grid connection to the current time to the generated time in the rated operation state, and is mainly obtained according to statistics of historical data, the larger the wind power utilization rate is, the better the operation condition of the fan is, and the more convenient the adjustment is. The selected wind turbine generator active power regulation and control evaluation index needs to be dynamically adjusted, so that the statistical time is changed, and the original cumulative time from grid connection to the current moment is changed into the statistical duration of each statistical period. The calculation formula is shown as formula (5):
wherein Q isiIs the accumulated generated energy, delta T accumulated time length and P of the wind turbine generator from grid connection to the current momentN,iIs the rated capacity of the wind turbine generator i.
And adjusting the speed vi of the wind turbine generator according to the sixth evaluation index. The regulation rate of the wind turbine generator is the speed of the wind turbine generator responding to the power change instruction speed, the higher the regulation rate is, the better the regulation performance of the wind turbine generator is, the higher the climbing rate is, the power change requirement can be met in a short time, and the wind turbine generator is an important embodiment of the active regulation and control capability of the fan. The value can be obtained by unit testing, and the calculation formula is shown as formula (6):
wherein, PN,iIs the rated capacity, Δ P, of the wind turbine generator ii,lThe power variation value of the wind turbine generator i in the first test is 1,2, … … and q; q is the total number of tests and q is a positive integer. And the total times q for the actual test can be carried out according to the requirement, and the test result is input into the system.
In order to objectively evaluate the importance of the six evaluation indexes and determine the influence factors of the evaluation indexes in the power regulation of the wind turbine generator, the invention adopts an entropy decision method to calculate the weight of each evaluation index.
The entropy method is a relatively objective decision-making method, and is characterized in that the information utility value of a selected evaluation index is obtained, the influence degree of the change of the evaluation index is quantified, the weight of each evaluation index is determined, the influence on the system is large after the information utility value is changed greatly, and the occupied weight is relatively large. In addition, a more important reason for selecting the entropy decision method is that most of the previous researches use an expert scoring method when determining and evaluating the evaluation index weight, so that the evaluation index weight is easily influenced by subjective consciousness, and an objective and convincing scientific basis is lacked for quantifying each evaluation index weight. In addition, the active regulation and control method provided by the invention needs to refresh data once in each regulation and control period, so that the weight occupied by each evaluation index is refreshed correspondingly; the purpose cannot be realized by an expert scoring evaluation method, so that the weight of each evaluation index is recalculated once again at each regulation and control period or an integral multiple time node of a certain regulation and control period by adopting an entropy decision method.
The main essentials of entropy decision methods are: the general calculation method mainly comprises five links of collecting and sorting original data, standardizing the data, calculating the utility value of evaluation index information, calculating the weight of the evaluation index and determining the evaluation value of a sample, and the five steps are respectively explained in detail below.
1) And collecting and sorting the original data, and constructing an initial matrix X of the evaluation index of the wind power plant.
Assuming that the object to be evaluated is the active regulation and control capacity of n wind turbines in the wind power plant and the measuring standard is formed by 6 evaluation indexes, the initial matrix X of the samplen×6Comprises the following steps:
in formula (7): n is the number of wind generating sets in the wind power plant, and n is 1,2 and … …; x is the number ofijThe numerical value of the j-th evaluation index corresponding to the ith wind turbine generator set is indicated, wherein i is 1,2, … …, n; j ═ 1,2, … …, 6; evaluation index
2) Standardizing the values of the evaluation indexes of the wind turbine generator in the initial matrix of the evaluation indexes of the wind power plant, and establishing a proportion matrix
In order to reduce the potential influence of the difference of unit dimensions and orders of magnitude of each evaluation index on the evaluation result and to facilitate the solution, each evaluation index needs to be standardized. The following two methods are mainly used:
the method comprises the following steps:
in the formula: x is the number ofmaxAnd xminThe maximum value and the minimum value of the j-th evaluation index are respectively.
The second method comprises the following steps:
in the formula:
then calculating a characteristic value e corresponding to the ith fan under the evaluation index jij：
This makes it possible to establish a weight matrix E ═ E of the dataij]n×j。
Wherein n is the number of wind generating sets in the wind power plant, and n is 1,2 and … …; e.g. of the typeijEvaluating a characteristic value corresponding to the ith wind turbine generator under the index j; x is the number ofmaxAnd xminThe maximum value and the minimum value of the j-th evaluation index are respectively.
3) Calculating the information utility value g of each evaluation index according to the proportion matrix
In order to obtain the information utility value of each selected evaluation index, the information entropy values of the evaluation indexes need to be calculated firstly according to the formula (11).
Information utility value g of each evaluation indexjCharacterized by an information entropy value djThe larger the distance from the evaluation index system to 1, the larger the influence on the system, the larger the weight occupied in the evaluation index system, and the calculation formula is shown as formula (12):
wherein j is 1,2, … …, 6.
4) Calculating the weight of the evaluation index to obtain a weight coefficient matrix
The information utility value g of each evaluation indexjThe weight u of the jth evaluation index can be calculatedjComprises the following steps:
a weight coefficient matrix U is thus obtained:
u＝[u1,u2,u3,u4,u5,u6](14)
for the calculation of the active regulation and control capacity, a weighted summation formula is adopted to calculate Ai。
In the formula: u. ofjCalculated from the formula (16), fijIs an evaluation set of each evaluation index, AiThe larger the wind turbine is, the better the target performance of the wind turbine is, and finally only the A of all the wind turbines need to be comparediThe values allow conclusions to be drawn about the evaluation of all individuals in the sample. That is, in this example, A is usediThe value characterizes the active regulation and control capability of the wind turbine. For the calculation of the evaluation set of the evaluation indexes, the six evaluation indexes provided above all belong to gain-type evaluation indexes, the evaluation index j is assumed to be divided into four grades of 'excellent', 'good', 'medium', 'poor', 'good', meaning that the regulation and control capability of the wind turbine is very strong, 'good' and 'medium' are weakened in sequence, 'poor', meaning that the wind turbine is not suitable for being used as a regulation and control object, and the division points of the four grades are assumed to be a, b, c and d, and the evaluation set f of each evaluation index is calculated by means of a membership functionijAnd the specific numerical values of the four grade demarcation points can be determined according to actual conditions. The following membership functions are commonly used: normal distribution, trapezoidal distribution, ridge-shaped divisionThe invention relates to cloth and parabolic distribution and the like, which takes semi-trapezoidal distribution as a membership function to calculate an evaluation set of each evaluation index, and the calculation formulas are shown as formulas (16) to (19):
z1，z2，z3，z4Is a weight coefficient, and z1+z2+z3+z4When the weights of the segments are divided into 0.4,0.3,0.2 and 0.1, then 1
Therefore, the wind turbine generator i is evaluated in the evaluation set F under six evaluation indexesi＝[fi1,fi2,fi3,fi4,fi5,fi6]. Finally, the active power regulation and control performance parameter A of the wind turbine generator i can be obtained by calculation according to the formula (21)iNamely the active regulation and control capability of the wind turbine generator,
Ai＝UFi T(21)
in another implementation, the active regulation and control capacity of the wind turbine generator is converted into a comprehensive score BiThe conversion formula is shown in formula (22):
and calculating the comprehensive score B of each wind turbine generatoriAnd sequencing from big to small to obtain a regulation and control sequence table of the fan. And regulating and controlling the wind turbine generator set in each group of regulating and controlling groups according to the sequence of the regulating and controlling sequence table.
In the following, a manner of grouping the control components of the wind turbine generator in one embodiment is described.
In order to realize better management and control on all wind turbines in a wind power plant and improve fairness and effectiveness of active regulation and control, the method divides the wind turbines into weak-output turbines { P (P) according to an ultra-short-period power predicted value of the next period of the wind turbines and the output condition of the last period, particularly the completion proportion of the last period to the last-stage active regulation and control instructionmAnd a unit with up-regulation capacity { P }uSet without up-regulation capacity { P }sAnd superhairUnit { PsAnd fourthly.
Firstly, according to the ultra-short-period power prediction result of the wind turbine generator, predicting the power value P of the next periodf,iLess than β% PN,iIs defined as a weak output unit { P }mβ is a first preset parameter value, which is determined by the operation condition of all units in the wind farm as a whole, and is a quantity related to the historical operation condition and the statistical experience.
Pm∈{Pi f(t+1)＜β％·PN,i} (23)
PN,iThe rated capacity of the wind turbine generator i is set, and m weak output units are assumed. Then, the rest n-m machine sets are divided into machine sets with up-regulation capacity { P } according to whether the active power output of the last period reaches the plan instruction or notaAs shown in formula (24). And epsilon is a second preset parameter value and is determined according to an allowable wind turbine generator regulation deviation range.
Pa∈{|Pi(t)-Pi d(t)|＜ε} (24)
And has no upregulation capability PuAs shown in equation (25):
Pu∈{|Pi(t)-Pi d(t)|＞ε&Pi(t)＜Pi d(t)} (25)
and super generator set { PsAs shown in equation (26):
Ps∈{|Pi(t)-Pi d(t)|＞ε&Pi(t)＞Pi d(t)} (26)
n-m stations.
The unit with the up-regulation capability is a wind turbine generator which reaches an active power dispatching instruction of a wind power plant in the last period, certainly, the output is allowed to have a certain error range, the output is controlled by epsilon, and the specific value of epsilon can be determined according to actual experience; the unit without the up-regulation capability refers to a wind turbine generator which does not reach the active power dispatching instruction of the wind power plant in the previous period; the super generator set refers to a wind turbine set of which the actual generated energy exceeds a scheduling instruction of a wind power plant within a certain range in the last period, and although the active output condition of the super generator set is good, in order to take the fairness of power distribution into account, the super generator set makes corresponding punishment measures for the wind turbine set with super generated energy.
After the active regulation and control capability sequence of each wind turbine in the group and the wind power plant is determined, the real-time active regulation and control process of the wind turbines is explained below.
Assuming that the active output required to be adjusted by the wind power plant is delta Pall, the power of the wind generation set i is reduced to β% from the current condition, PN,iThe power reduced is Δ Pi, and the adjustment residual y is expressed by equation (27):
the adjusting sequence of the wind power plant units is as follows: firstly, adjusting the super generator set { PsAnd then adjusting the wind turbine generator set (P) without the up-regulation capabilityuAnd finally, adjusting the wind turbine generator set (P) with the up-regulation capabilityaAnd (4) reducing the power of the unit in each type of unit from strong to weak according to the active regulation and control capability of the unit in the classified type, for example, when the unit with the up-regulation capability is regulated, firstly regulating a fan with strong active regulation and control capability, then regulating a unit with weak regulation and control capability, and so on.
When y in the formula (19) is 0 and r is less than or equal to n-m, the force reduction is stopped. When r is n-m, y is not equal to 0, and the machine needs to be stopped to reduce power.
Similar to the active power regulation and control sequence, the shutdown sequence of the wind turbine generator is as follows: priority shutdown weak output unit { PmAnd then stop the super-generator set (P) in sequencesWind turbine generator system (P) without up-regulation capacityuAnd stopping the wind turbine generator set with the up-regulation capability (P)a}. And similarly, in each type of unit, the unit is stopped from strong to weak according to the active regulation and control capability in the classified type until the requirement of reducing the output is met.
And the regulation and control sequence is opposite to that of the output reduction when the output of the wind power plant is regulated: firstly, adjusting the unit { P with the up-regulation capabilityaAre then multiplied byAdjusting unit { P without up-regulation capabilityuAnd weak output unit (P)mLet it be open to development until power regulation requirements are met. In order to implement certain punishment measures for the super generator set, the super generator set { P is used under any conditionsAnd the set is used as the last unit for adding force. And the active power regulation and control capability of the wind turbine generator set in each type of the generator set is increased from strong to weak according to the classified type.
The data used in the experimental example is from a certain grid-connected wind power plant in the north of China, the total number of the tested wind power plants is 22 double-fed fans, the installed capacity is 50.5MW, β% is set to be 20%, and in order to solve the problem conveniently, the double-fed fans are made to be infinite positive numbers when k is negative.
Numerical results of various evaluation indexes of 22 wind power generation units in the wind power plant are calculated according to the information provided by the SACDA system of the wind power plant and the formula provided in the foregoing, and are shown in Table 1. The result is called in the whole active scheduling period, and the ultra-short-term power prediction duration of the wind power plant is used as the period, namely the calculation is carried out once every 15 minutes.
TABLE 1 evaluation index values for each unit in a wind farm
Then, the weight of each evaluation index in the process of the active regulation and control capacity is determined, and the result is shown in table 2. The step needs to be calculated once in each active scheduling period or in an integral multiple time period of each scheduling period, and the method is calculated once every 1 hour by four times of the ultra-short-term power prediction period of the wind power plant.
Table 2 weight of active power control ability of each evaluation index
I.e., U ═ 0.2890.1850.1190.2310.0790.097.
And calculating the comprehensive regulation and control capability scores of each wind turbine generator after quantification according to the method provided in the foregoing, and sequencing. The comprehensive scores of the active regulation and control capabilities of all wind turbines in the wind power plant are shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 comprehensive scoring and ranking of active regulation and control ability of each unit in wind power plant
Then, the wind turbine generators in the field are classified according to the completion condition of the active power regulation and control instruction in the previous period of the wind turbine generators and the ultra-short-period power prediction information in the next period, and the classification result is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 wind turbine classification results
Although research results in the aspect of power adjustment of the wind power plant are many, in actual operation and control, the method of each region is different, a unified standard flow does not exist, and the wind power plant adopts a simple and direct mode to perform active control on the wind power units in the wind power plant so as to meet a periodic dispatching instruction on the wind power plant and not concern the regulation and control of the wind power units. Taking the reduced output regulation as an example, there are two methods of these wind power plants, one is to distribute the power Δ Pall to be regulated to each running wind turbine unit according to a certain proportion, and in most cases, the power Δ Pall is distributed to each unit averagely in practice, so that the whole wind turbine operates together to achieve the active regulation and control goal. Another way is to select a certain number of wind turbines, and let these turbines reduce power greatly, even stop the wind turbines to achieve the goal of power regulation until the sum of the reduced power is equal to the power adjustment amount Δ Pall, which is called as a generator tripping strategy.
Finally, according to a scene generation method, power adjustment is carried out under two given conditions, wherein one condition is that delta Pall < sigma delta Pi and shutdown is not needed; the other is Δ Pall > Σ Δ Pi, requiring a shutdown. The output reduction is orderly carried out according to the formulated active power regulation and control steps, and finally the regulation condition and the generator tripping condition of the generator set in the wind power plant are shown in the table 5:
TABLE 5 results of active regulation of wind farm under three methods
As can be seen from table 5, when Δ Pall < Σ Δ Pi, the number of actions of the wind turbine generator can be reduced to the maximum by using the method of the present invention on the premise of satisfying the power change requirement; when Δ Pall > Σ Δ Pi, the number of stops and the number of actions can be reduced to the maximum on the premise that the power variation requirement is satisfied.
And the regulation and control sequence is opposite to that of the output reduction when the output of the wind power plant is regulated: firstly, adjusting a unit { Pa } with an up-regulation capability, and then adjusting a unit { Pu } without the up-regulation capability and a unit { Pm } with a weak output to make the units developed widely until the power regulation requirement is met. In order to implement certain punishment measures on the super generator set, the super generator set { Ps } is used as the last unit for adding power under any condition. And the active power regulation and control capability of the wind turbine generator set in each type of the generator set is increased from strong to weak according to the classified type.
Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of the present invention provide a system for active control of a wind farm, and because the principle of solving the problem of the system is similar to the method for active control of the wind farm, the implementation of the system can be implemented according to the specific steps of the method, and repeated parts are not described again.
As shown in fig. 2, the device for active control of a wind farm of one embodiment includes a regulation capability obtaining module 100, a sorting module 200, a classification module 300, and a regulation control module 400. The regulation and control capability obtaining module 100 is configured to obtain an active regulation and control capability of each wind turbine; the sequencing module 200 is configured to sequence the plurality of wind turbine generators according to the active regulation and control capability to obtain an active regulation and control capability sequencing result; the classification module 300 is configured to classify the plurality of wind turbine generators according to the ultra-short-term power prediction value of the wind turbine generators and the completion proportion of the active regulation instruction, so as to obtain a classification result; and the regulation control module 400 is configured to regulate the active power output of each wind turbine generator according to the classification results of the plurality of wind turbine generators and the sequencing result of each regulation and control capability of active power regulation and control.
The active control device for the wind power plant of the embodiment calculates the active regulation and control capacity of the wind power plant after acquiring the operation data of the wind power plant, divides the wind power plant into groups, regulates and controls according to the regulation and control sequence of the regulation and control groups, and regulates and controls the wind power plant in each regulation and control group according to the active regulation and control capacity. The regulation and control sequence of the wind turbine generator is objectively judged according to the operation parameters, the subjective influence is small, the wind turbine generator which is most suitable for regulation and control can be preferentially regulated and controlled according to the objective condition judgment, the action times of the wind turbine generator are reduced, the mechanical loss is reduced, the regulation and control purpose of a wind power plant can be quickly met, and the working efficiency is improved.
The same inventive concept is also based on a memory, wherein the memory stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are executed by the processor to realize the steps of the method for controlling the wind farm of any one of the embodiments, so as to perform active regulation and control on the wind turbine generator in the wind farm.
In addition, based on the same inventive concept, the wind power plant active control system comprises a processor, a memory and computer instructions stored on the memory. The processor can call and operate the computer instructions in the memory, and the wind turbine generators in the wind farm are regulated and controlled in an active mode according to the steps of the wind farm active control method.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer-readable memory, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The Memory may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A method for active control of a wind farm, the wind farm comprising a plurality of wind turbines, the method comprising:
acquiring the active regulation and control capacity of each wind turbine;
classifying the plurality of wind turbine generators according to the ultra-short-term power predicted value of the wind turbine generators and the completion proportion of the active regulation and control instruction to obtain a classification result; and
adjusting the active power output of each wind turbine generator according to the classification results and the active power regulation and control capability sequencing results of the plurality of wind turbine generators;
the obtaining of the active power regulation and control capability of each wind turbine generator comprises the following steps:
calculating an evaluation set of the evaluation indexes according to the evaluation indexes of the wind turbine generator;
and calculating the active regulation and control capacity of the wind turbine generator according to the evaluation set, wherein the evaluation set refers to a contribution value set corresponding to each evaluation index for evaluating the regulation and control capacity.
2. The method for active control of a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating an evaluation set of the evaluation indexes according to the evaluation indexes of the wind turbines comprises the steps of:
obtaining an evaluation index of the wind turbine generator;
calculating a weight coefficient of the evaluation index in the active power regulation of the wind turbine generator;
calculating an evaluation set of each evaluation index; and
and calculating the active regulation and control capability of each wind turbine generator according to the evaluation set and the weight coefficient.
3. The method for active control of a wind farm according to claim 2, wherein the step of calculating the weight coefficient of the evaluation index in active regulation and control of the wind turbine comprises:
and calculating the weight coefficient of each evaluation index in the active regulation and control of the wind turbine generator by adopting an entropy decision method.
4. The method for active control of a wind farm according to claim 2, wherein the step of calculating an evaluation set of each evaluation index comprises:
and calculating an evaluation set of each evaluation index by adopting semi-trapezoidal distribution as a membership function.
5. The method for active control of a wind farm according to claim 2, characterized in that the evaluation index comprises:
the method comprises the steps of obtaining the current power of the wind turbine generator, the variation trend of the predicted power of the wind turbine generator, the pitch angle, the tip speed ratio, the wind power utilization rate and the wind turbine generator regulation rate.
6. The method for active control of the wind farm according to claim 2, wherein the calculating the weight coefficient of the evaluation index in active regulation and control of the wind turbine generator comprises:
constructing an initial matrix of evaluation indexes of the wind power plant;
standardizing the numerical values of all evaluation indexes of the wind turbine generator in the initial matrix of the evaluation indexes of the wind power plant, and establishing a proportion matrix;
calculating the information utility value of each evaluation index according to the proportion matrix;
and calculating the weight of each evaluation index according to the information utility value to obtain a weight coefficient matrix.
7. The method for active control of a wind farm according to claim 2, wherein the step of calculating an evaluation set of each evaluation index comprises:
using formulas
Calculating the score of the evaluation index j of the wind turbine generator i to obtain an evaluation set Fi of the wind turbine generator i ═ Fi1, Fi2, Fi3, Fi4, Fi5 and Fi6]Wherein, in the step (A),
is composed of
Is composed of
Is composed of
Is composed of
xijThe numerical value of the j index corresponding to the ith wind turbine generator set is indicated,
is a membership function of 'excellent' under an evaluation index j,
is a membership function of 'good' under the evaluation index j,
is a membership function of 'middle' under the evaluation index j,
is a membership function of "difference" under the evaluation index j, z1, z2, z3, z4 are weight coefficients, and z1+ z2+ z3+ z4 is 1.
8. The method for active control of a wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the step of classifying the plurality of wind turbines according to the ultra-short-term power predicted values of the wind turbines and the completion proportion of the active regulation and control instructions comprises:
and according to the ultra-short-term power predicted value of the wind turbine generator and the completion proportion of the active regulation and control instruction, dividing the wind turbine generators into four types, namely a weak output generator { Pm }, a generator with up-regulation capacity { Pa }, a generator without up-regulation capacity { Pu } and a super generator { Ps }.
9. An apparatus for active control of a wind farm, comprising:
the regulation and control capability acquisition module is used for acquiring the active regulation and control capability of each wind turbine;
the sequencing module is used for sequencing the plurality of wind turbine generators according to the active regulation and control capability to obtain an active regulation and control capability sequencing result;
the grouping module is used for classifying the wind turbine generators according to the ultra-short-term power predicted values of the wind turbine generators and the completion proportion of the active regulation and control instructions to obtain classification results;
the regulation control module is used for regulating the active power output of each wind turbine generator according to the classification results of the plurality of wind turbine generators and the active power regulation and control capability sequencing result of each wind turbine generator;
the regulation and control ability acquisition module is used for acquiring the active regulation and control ability of each wind turbine generator, and comprises the following components:
calculating an evaluation set of the evaluation indexes according to the evaluation indexes of the wind turbine generator;
and calculating the active regulation and control capacity of the wind turbine generator according to the evaluation set, wherein the evaluation set refers to a contribution value set corresponding to each evaluation index for evaluating the regulation and control capacity.
10. A memory having stored therein computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, carry out the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
11. A system for active control of a wind farm, comprising a processor, a memory and computer instructions stored on the memory, which when executed by the processor implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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