CN113131031B - Method for preparing ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing an ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries. Extracting battery powder obtained by disassembling waste batteries and dilute hydrochloric acid under the oxidation condition to obtain extract liquor; adding a regulator according to the weight, regulating the ratio of main elements of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extract liquor to be 3-5: 2-6: 1-5: 0.1-2 to obtain a regulated solution, adding activated carbon, soaking and drying to obtain the ultra-low mercury catalyst for vinyl chloride synthesis catalysis. The chloroethylene synthesis catalyst is prepared by separating valuable metal elements in the waste batteries, so that the waste batteries are recycled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing an ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries, belonging to the technical field of recycling of waste batteries.
Background
China is the largest world for battery production and consumption, and the yield of primary batteries has far exceeded the U.S. and japan, and is the first world; the secondary battery production also has only been in japan and korea, and is third in the world. In 2011, the yield of the battery in China reaches about 372.66 hundred million, wherein 341.6 hundred million primary batteries and 341.4 hundred million secondary batteries (1.4 hundred million lead-acid batteries and 29.66 hundred million lithium-ion batteries) are used. With the wide application and technical update of secondary batteries in industries such as smart phones, digital cameras, new energy vehicles and the like, waste batteries are inevitably generated, so that the recycling of the waste batteries is very important.
At present, the recovery and utilization of waste batteries generally includes roasting and reducing elemental valuable metals in the waste batteries, for example, the recovery method of metal elements in the waste nickel-metal hydride batteries of chinese patent CN103031441B, and the recovery method of metal elements in the waste nickel-metal hydride batteries includes the steps of reducing and roasting, recovering rare earth elements, recovering manganese, recovering nickel and cobalt, and the like. Chinese patent CN101451246B discloses a method for recovering metals from waste nickel-cadmium batteries, which comprises contacting the waste residue obtained by removing organic substances from the waste nickel-cadmium batteries with a solution capable of sufficiently dissolving the metals in the waste residue into an ionic state, so that the metals in the waste residue exist in the form of ions; and filtering to obtain filtrate, wherein the method further comprises electrolyzing the filtrate under the conditions that the current density is 80-120A/m2 and the pH value is less than 2 to obtain the cadmium metal. The recovery of the waste battery has the problems of single recovery of valuable metals, insufficient utilization rate, higher cost and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing an ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries. The catalyst for synthesizing chloroethylene is prepared by separating valuable metal elements in the waste batteries, so that the waste batteries are recycled.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries is used for extracting and separating valuable elements from battery powder obtained by disassembling waste batteries to prepare vinyl chloride synthesized ultra-low mercury catalyst, and comprises the following steps:
s1, stirring and extracting battery powder obtained by disassembling the waste batteries and dilute hydrochloric acid, and taking extract liquor;
s2, after the extraction liquid is filtered and separated, analyzing the content of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extraction liquid, adding a regulator according to the weight, and regulating the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extraction liquid to be 3-5: 2-6: 1-5: 0.1-2 to obtain a regulating solution;
and S3, adding activated carbon into the adjusting solution, soaking and drying to obtain the ultra-low mercury catalyst.
In the step s1, adding the battery powder and the dilute hydrochloric acid into a stirring tank, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide at 40-70 ℃, stirring and reacting for 20-120 minutes until the battery powder is not dissolved, taking the supernatant, adding calcium carbonate powder to remove sulfate ions, and obtaining the extract, wherein the hydrogen peroxide concentration is 0.3-1 mol/L.
In the method for preparing the ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling the waste batteries, in the step s1, the battery powder and the dilute hydrochloric acid are added into a stirring tank, hydrogen peroxide is dropwise added at 50-60 ℃ to react for 40-100 minutes under stirring, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.5-0.8 mol/L.
In the method for preparing the ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling the waste batteries, the regulator is mercury chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, copper chloride, cadmium chloride, nickel chloride and cobalt chloride.
In the method for preparing the ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling the waste batteries, the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the solution is adjusted to be 3-4: 3-5: 2-4: 0.5-1.5.
According to the method for preparing the ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling the waste batteries, the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the solution is adjusted to be 4: 5: 3: 1.
Has the advantages that:
the battery powder obtained by currently disassembling and recycling waste batteries contains: 10-12% of Mn; 32 to 35 percent of Ni; co 10-20%; in addition, the alloy also contains heavy metal elements such as copper, cadmium, mercury and the like and other impurity elements. The recovery cost of recovering a single metal is very high and uneconomical. The applicant found in previous studies that: the metal elements in the recovered waste batteries can be used for preparing the ultra-low mercury catalyst for synthesizing the chloroethylene after chlorination extraction.
Chloroethylene is a monomer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) which is one of five synthetic resins in the world, and is mainly produced by a calcium carbide acetylene method and a petroleum ethylene method. The energy structure of China is rich in coal, lean oil and little gas, and it is determined that the calcium carbide acetylene method is a main process for producing vinyl chloride in China in the future for a long time, namely that mercury chloride catalyzes acetylene to react with hydrogen chloride to generate vinyl chloride. Under the international mercury-limiting convention, the development of new high-efficiency ultra-low mercury catalyst is required to replace the traditional mercuric chloride catalyst.
The research of the applicant finds that the metal elements in the battery powder obtained by disassembling and recovering the waste batteries can be used for preparing a multi-metal composite ultra-low mercury catalyst for a vinyl chloride catalyst, but the content of various elements in the battery powder recovered by different manufacturers and batches has certain difference, so that the invention mixes the battery powder and dilute hydrochloric acid, dropwise adds hydrogen peroxide, stirs and extracts to obtain a metal ion extraction liquid containing mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt, adds a regulator according to the content of various ions in the extraction liquid, adjusts the proportion of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extraction liquid, and prepares the ultra-low mercury catalyst which can be used for vinyl chloride synthesis.
To further demonstrate the catalytic effect of the catalyst prepared by the present invention, the inventors prepared a batch of 5 tons of ultra-low mercury catalyst with the adjusted solution of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in a ratio of 4: 5: 3: 1, tested on the 66# converter of inner Mongolia chemical company Limited (Table 1, example 2), prepared 10 tons of ultra-low mercury catalyst with the adjusted solution in other ratios, and tested on the 56# and 68# converters of inner Mongolia chemical company Limited (Table 1, examples 1 and 3) to show that: the catalyst is prepared from the battery powder obtained by disassembling the battery, when the chloroethylene is synthesized, the reaction temperature is 110-150 ℃, the yield is 65-98%, the purity of the chloroethylene is 96.7-97.2%, and the selectivity of the chloroethylene reaches 96-100%; the purity of the chloroethylene crude product after rectification reaches 99.99V/%. Can meet the production requirement of chloroethylene.
TABLE 1 test results of vinyl chloride Synthesis test
As shown by analysis of the results of a chloroethylene synthesis test in Table 1, the method for recycling the ultra-low mercury catalyst prepared from the waste battery to produce chloroethylene has the reaction temperature of 110-; the purity of the chloroethylene crude product after rectification reaches 99.99V/%. Can meet the production requirement of chloroethylene.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a process method for preparing a chloroethylene catalyst by using battery powder and a catalyst proportion with high catalytic efficiency. The comprehensive recovery and high-efficiency utilization of the metal elements in the battery powder are realized.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The structures or processes not specifically mentioned are conventional in the art.
Example (b): a method for preparing an ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries is used for extracting and separating valuable elements from battery powder obtained by disassembling the waste batteries to prepare a chloroethylene synthesized ultra-low mercury catalyst, and comprises the following steps:
s1, stirring and extracting the battery powder obtained by disassembling the waste battery and dilute hydrochloric acid, and taking extract liquor;
s2, after the extraction liquid is filtered and separated, analyzing the content of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extraction liquid, adding a regulator according to the weight, and regulating the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extraction liquid to be 3-5: 2-6: 1-5: 0.1-2 to obtain a regulating solution;
and S3, adding activated carbon into the adjusting solution, soaking and drying to obtain the ultra-low mercury catalyst.
And step s1, adding the battery powder and dilute hydrochloric acid into a stirring tank, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide at the temperature of 40-70 ℃, stirring and reacting for 20-120 minutes, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.3-1mol/L, and adding calcium carbonate powder to remove sulfate ions to obtain an extract.
And step s1, adding the battery powder and dilute hydrochloric acid into a stirring tank, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide at 50-60 ℃, and stirring for reaction for 40-100 minutes, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5-0.8 mol/L.
The regulator is mercury chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, copper chloride, cadmium chloride, nickel chloride and cobalt chloride.
More preferably, the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the adjustment solution is 3-4: 3-5: 2-4: 0.5-1.5. The optimal ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the adjusting solution is 4: 5: 3: 1.
The following examples are provided in connection with the specific cases
Example 1.
A method for preparing ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries is used for extracting and separating valuable elements from battery powder obtained by disassembling waste batteries to prepare vinyl chloride synthesized ultra-low mercury catalyst, and comprises the following steps:
s1, stirring and extracting the battery powder obtained by disassembling the waste battery and dilute hydrochloric acid, and taking extract liquor;
s2, after filtering and separating the extract, analyzing the content of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extract, adding a regulator by weight, and regulating the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extract to be 4: 2: 1: 0.1 to obtain a regulated solution;
and S3, adding activated carbon into the adjusted solution, soaking and drying to obtain the catalyst.
And step s1, adding the battery powder and dilute hydrochloric acid into a stirring tank, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide at 50-60 ℃, stirring and reacting for 40-100 minutes, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5-0.8 mol/L. Adding calcium carbonate powder to remove sulfate ions to obtain an extract.
The regulator is mercury chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, copper chloride, cadmium chloride, nickel chloride and cobalt chloride.
Example 2.
A method for preparing ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries is used for extracting and separating valuable elements from battery powder obtained by disassembling waste batteries to prepare ultra-low mercury catalyst synthesized by vinyl chloride, and comprises the following steps:
s1, stirring and extracting the battery powder obtained by disassembling the waste battery and dilute hydrochloric acid, and taking extract liquor;
s2, after filtering and separating the extract, analyzing the content of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extract, adding a regulator by weight, and regulating the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extract to be 4: 5: 3: 1 to obtain a regulated solution;
and S3, adding activated carbon into the adjusted solution, soaking and drying to obtain the catalyst.
In the method for preparing the ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling the waste batteries, in the step s1, the battery powder and the dilute hydrochloric acid are added into a stirring tank, hydrogen peroxide is dropwise added at 60 ℃, the stirring reaction is carried out for 70 minutes, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.7 mol/L. Adding calcium carbonate powder to remove sulfate ions to obtain an extract.
The regulator is mercury chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, copper chloride, cadmium chloride, nickel chloride and cobalt chloride.
Example 3.
A method for preparing ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries is used for extracting and separating valuable elements from battery powder obtained by disassembling waste batteries to prepare vinyl chloride synthesized ultra-low mercury catalyst, and comprises the following steps:
s1, stirring and extracting the battery powder obtained by disassembling the waste battery and dilute hydrochloric acid, and taking extract liquor;
s2, after the extraction liquid is filtered and separated, analyzing the content of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extraction liquid, adding a regulator according to the weight, and regulating the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extraction liquid to be 3: 6: 5: 1 to obtain a regulating solution;
and S3, adding activated carbon into the adjusted solution, soaking and drying to obtain the catalyst.
And step s1, adding the battery powder and dilute hydrochloric acid into a stirring tank, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide at 60 ℃, stirring and reacting for 80 minutes, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.6 mol/L. Adding calcium carbonate powder to remove sulfate ions to obtain an extract.
The regulator is mercury chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, copper chloride, cadmium chloride, nickel chloride and cobalt chloride.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preparing ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method for preparing the chloroethylene synthesized ultra-low mercury catalyst by extracting and separating valuable elements from battery powder obtained by disassembling waste batteries comprises the following steps:
s1, stirring and extracting battery powder obtained by disassembling the waste batteries and dilute hydrochloric acid, and taking extract liquor;
s2, after the extraction liquid is filtered and separated, analyzing the content of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extraction liquid, adding a regulator according to the weight, and regulating the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the extraction liquid to be 3-5: 2-6: 1-5: 0.1-2 to obtain a regulating solution;
and S3, adding activated carbon into the adjusting solution, soaking and drying to obtain the ultra-low mercury catalyst.
2. The method for preparing ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step s1, adding the battery powder and dilute hydrochloric acid into a stirring tank, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide at 40-70 ℃, stirring and reacting for 20-120 minutes until the battery powder is not dissolved any more, taking supernatant, and adding calcium carbonate powder to remove sulfate ions to obtain extract, wherein the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.3-1 mol/L.
3. The method for preparing the ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling the waste batteries according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: and step s1, adding the battery powder and dilute hydrochloric acid into a stirring tank, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide at 50-60 ℃, stirring and reacting for 40-100 minutes, wherein the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.5-0.8 mol/L.
4. The method for preparing ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the regulator is mercury chloride, zinc chloride, manganese chloride, copper chloride, cadmium chloride, nickel chloride and cobalt chloride.
5. The method for preparing ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the adjusting solution is 3-4: 3-5: 2-4: 0.5-1.5.
6. The method for preparing ultra-low mercury catalyst by recycling waste batteries according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the ratio of mercury, zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium, nickel and cobalt in the adjusting solution is 4: 5: 3: 1.
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| US20160045841A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-02-18 | Transtar Group, Ltd. | New and improved system for processing various chemicals and materials |
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| CN86104831A (en) * | 1986-07-19 | 1988-05-04 | 浙江工学院 | Produce the hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell of hydrochloric acid and recovering electric energy |
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