CN113129710B - Middle school physics calorifics experimental apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a middle school physics thermal experiment device which comprises a base, wherein the upper surface of the base is fixedly connected with two stand columns, the side walls of the two stand columns are fixedly connected with an installation platform through a connecting rod, the upper ends of the stand columns are rotatably connected with a hollow bearing rod, the upper surface of the installation platform is provided with two placing grooves, horizontally arranged electric heating plates are installed in the placing grooves, wiring heads are welded at two input ends of the electric heating plates and extend to the bottom of the installation platform, the outer wall of the hollow bearing rod is provided with a first installation plate and a second installation plate through locking screw sleeves, the lower surface of the second installation plate is provided with a test tube clamp, and an installation opening is formed in the second installation plate. The heating mode is more efficient and safer, the comparison experiment can be carried out, the automatic stirring can be realized, and the electrical experiment and the thermal experiment are combined, so that students can have a comprehensive learning process for the physics, the thermal and the knowledge related to the electricity in the middle.

Description

Middle school physics calorifics experimental apparatus

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of physics and thermology experiments, in particular to a middle school physics and thermology experimental device.

Background

The study of heat is a difficult point in the middle school physics teaching, and the perception of the physical quantity for measuring the physical and thermal properties and the law of heat is an important step for accurately establishing a corresponding rational model, wherein the dissolution and solidification of substances are important experiments, and the experiments are generally carried out by loading powdery, granular, crystalline or amorphous substances into test tubes in a water bath heating mode.

However, the existing experimental device has the following defects:

1. the heating process still stays in the heating mode of using the alcohol lamp, and the heat loss of the heating mode of the alcohol lamp is large and not safe enough.

2. The form of iron stand platform is adopted in the experiment, can only carry out an experiment, if need carry out the contrast experiment, then need the form of two iron stand platforms, it is comparatively inconvenient to operate.

3. The article in the stirring test tube that the heating process need use the stirring rod to stop, guarantee to be heated evenly, but the form of manual stirring can not liberate both hands, and the experimentation still need in time measure and the record, causes the condition in disorder easily.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a middle school physics and thermal experimental device.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a middle school physics calorifics experimental apparatus, includes the base, the upper surface of base fixedly connected with two stands, the lateral wall of two stands is through connecting rod fixedly connected with mount table, the upper end of stand is rotated and is connected with hollow carrier bar, the upper surface of mount table is equipped with two standing grooves, install the electric plate of level setting in the standing groove, the wiring head has been welded to two input ends of electric plate, and the wiring head extends to the mount table bottom, the outer wall of hollow carrier bar is equipped with first mounting panel and second mounting panel through the locking screw cover, the lower surface of second mounting panel is equipped with the test tube clamp, be equipped with the installing port on the second mounting panel, the inner wall of installing port is equipped with the ring channel, be equipped with rabbling mechanism in the ring channel, the outside that lies in the standing groove in the mount table is equipped with the stock solution chamber, the stock solution intracavity is equipped with the evaporating liquid, and a pneumatic chamber is arranged below the annular groove, and a rotating mechanism connected with the liquid storage cavity and used for driving the stirring mechanism is arranged in the pneumatic chamber.

Preferably, the upper end of stand is equipped with the recess, the lower extreme of cavity carrier bar extends to in the recess, the upside threaded connection of stand has the locking bolt that extends to in the recess, the end and the outer wall counterbalance of cavity carrier bar of locking bolt.

Preferably, a plurality of drawers are arranged in the base, and a voltmeter, a slide rheostat and an ammeter are stored in the drawers.

Preferably, an annular heat conducting plate is fixed in the liquid storage cavity, and the upper edge of the annular heat conducting plate is in contact with the heating surface of the electric heating plate.

Preferably, the rotating mechanism comprises an air outlet pipe and a liquid return pipe which are communicated with the top of the liquid storage cavity, one-way valves are respectively installed in the air outlet pipe and the liquid return pipe, a pressure valve is additionally arranged in the air outlet pipe, the tail ends of the air outlet pipe and the liquid return pipe extend along the connecting rod and the hollow bearing rod and are finally communicated with the outer wall and the bottom of the pneumatic chamber respectively, and fan blades are rotatably connected in the pneumatic chamber through a rotating shaft.

Preferably, the connection part of the tail end of the air outlet pipe and the outer wall of the pneumatic chamber is inclined towards the tangential direction of the fan blades, and the liquid return pipe is positioned in a section of spiral arrangement in the hollow bearing rod.

Preferably, the rabbling mechanism is including rotating the outer ring gear of connection in the ring channel, the upper end of pivot extends to in the ring channel and is fixed with the gear, gear and outer ring gear meshing, it is equipped with the screw thread mouth to run through on the outer ring gear, it has the thread head to run through threaded connection in the screw thread mouth, the lower extreme of thread head is fixed with the puddler that extends to in the test tube.

Preferably, two groups of clamping mechanisms are mounted on the table top of the mounting table, each clamping mechanism comprises a supporting rod which is rotatably connected to two sides of the corresponding placing groove, the tail end of each supporting rod is rotatably connected with an arc-shaped supporting block, and a rubber pad is arranged on the side wall of each arc-shaped supporting block.

Preferably, the side of base is equipped with the storage tank, the clearance brush has been put in the storage tank, the clearance brush includes the brush-holder stud, the upper end of brush-holder stud be fixed with the fixed block of outer ring gear internal diameter adaptation, the lateral wall circumference equidistant of fixed block is provided with a plurality of limiting plates, the inner circle of outer ring gear is equipped with a plurality ofly and limiting plate complex spacing grooves, the spherical brush is installed to the lower extreme of brush-holder stud, and the bank of dough brush is installed to the lateral wall.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. adopt the form of electric plate, replaced alcohol burner commonly used, the beaker is heated more evenly, and the heat runs off fewly, can not appear the condition that alcohol burner emptys yet, and is safer.

2. The invention combines the middle school electrical experiment and the thermal experiment, students can carry out the electrical experiment by connecting the ammeter, the voltmeter, the slide rheostat and other electrical instruments while carrying out the thermal experiment by adopting the electric hot plate, change the parameters of the slide rheostat and other instruments, adjust the heating effect of the electric hot plate, and visually know the visual change caused by the change of the parameters by observing the change of the thermal experiment, thereby leading the students to have a comprehensive learning process for the middle school physics, the thermal experiment and the knowledge related to the electricity.

3. Through setting up the stock solution chamber around the electric plate, the evaporating liquid is equipped with to the intracavity, can be in the continuous heating process, after reaching the evaporating temperature of evaporating liquid, become the gaseous state by liquid, when reaching the threshold value of pressure valve, the valve is opened, and gas can flow out fast and blow the flabellum and rotate and then drive the running of rabbling mechanism, realizes the automatic stirring of puddler, need not that the student is manual, liberates both hands and carries out critical experiment measurement and record.

4. After the experiment, the clearance brush is installed to detachable puddler, sheathes the test tube, and the cleanness of test tube inner wall can be realized to the continuation heating, can clear away the impurity of adhesion on the test tube inner wall.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a physical thermal experimental apparatus for middle school according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an experimental state of a physical thermal experimental apparatus for middle school according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a top view taken at B-B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cleaning brush according to the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cleaning state of the middle school physics thermal experimental apparatus provided by the present invention.

In the figure: the test tube comprises a first mounting plate 1, a test tube 2, a support rod 3, a ring-shaped heat conducting plate 4, a beaker 5, a test tube clamp 6, a second mounting plate 7, a thermometer 8, a stirring rod 9, a connector lug 10, evaporated liquid 11, a slide rheostat 12, an electric heating plate 13, a hollow bearing rod 14, a locking screw 15, a liquid storage cavity 16, a mounting table 17, a stand column 18, a voltmeter 19, a row brush 20, a storage groove 21, a drawer 22, a base 23, an ammeter 24, an air outlet pipe 25, a locking bolt 26, a ring-shaped groove 27, a gear 28, a brush rod 29, fan blades 30, a liquid return pipe 31, a mounting port 32, an outer gear ring 33, a limiting groove 34, a thread head 35, a fixed block 36 and a limiting plate 37.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-4, a middle school physics calorifics experimental apparatus, including base 23, the last fixed surface of base 23 is connected with two stands 18, the lateral wall of two stands 18 passes through connecting rod fixedly connected with mount table 17, the upper end of stand 18 is equipped with the recess, the lower extreme of cavity carrier bar 14 extends to in the recess, the upside threaded connection of stand 18 has the locking bolt 26 that extends to in the recess, the end of locking bolt 26 offsets with the outer wall of cavity carrier bar 14, realizes that cavity carrier bar 14 pivoted is fixed.

The upper surface of mount table 17 is equipped with two standing grooves, installs the electric plate 13 of level setting in the standing groove, and the connector lug 10 has been welded to two input welding of electric plate 13, and connector lug 10 extends to mount table 17 bottom, and voltmeter 19, slide rheostat 12 and ampere meter 24 have been placed on base 23, is equipped with a plurality of drawers 22 that are used for placing voltmeter 19, slide rheostat 12 and ampere meter 24 in the base 23, can deposit electrical apparatus and realization equipment.

Placed beaker 5 on electric plate 13, install two sets of clamping mechanism who is used for centre gripping beaker 5 on the mesa of mount table 17, clamping mechanism is including rotating the pole 3 that supports of connecting in the standing groove both sides, and the end rotation of supporting pole 3 is connected with the arc and supports the piece, and the arc supports the lateral wall of piece and is equipped with the rubber pad, rotates two of both sides and supports pole 3, makes two arcs support the piece and can offset with the outer wall of beaker 5, accomplishes the spacing to beaker 5.

The outer wall of the hollow bearing rod 14 is sleeved with a first mounting plate 1 and a second mounting plate 7 through a locking screw 15, the lower surface of the second mounting plate 7 is provided with a test tube clamp 6, the test tube clamp 6 clamps a test tube 2 extending into a beaker 5, the second mounting plate 7 is provided with a mounting port 32 corresponding to the tube opening of the test tube 2, the bottom of the first mounting plate 1 is in threaded connection with a thermometer 8 which penetrates through the mounting port 32 and extends to the bottom of the test tube 2, the inner wall of the mounting port 32 is provided with an annular groove 27, an agitating mechanism for agitating the articles in the test tube 2 is arranged in the annular groove 27, the agitating mechanism comprises an outer gear ring 33 which is rotatably connected in the annular groove 27, the upper end of a rotating shaft extends into the annular groove 27 and is fixed with a gear 28, the gear 28 is meshed with the outer gear ring 33, a threaded port is arranged on the outer gear ring 33 in a penetrating manner, a threaded head 35 is connected in the threaded port through manner, the lower end of the threaded head 35 is fixed with an agitating rod 9 which extends into the test tube 2, a liquid storage cavity 16 is arranged on the outer side of the placing groove in the mounting table 17, an evaporation liquid 11 is arranged in the liquid storage cavity 16, an annular heat conduction plate 4 is fixed in the liquid storage cavity 16, and the upper edge of the annular heat conduction plate 4 is in contact with the heating surface of the electric heating plate 13.

The pneumatic chamber is arranged below the annular groove 27, the rotating mechanism connected with the liquid storage cavity 16 and used for driving the stirring mechanism is arranged in the pneumatic chamber, the rotating mechanism comprises an air outlet pipe 25 and a liquid return pipe 31 communicated with the top of the interior of the liquid storage cavity 16, check valves are arranged in the air outlet pipe 25 and the liquid return pipe 31, a pressure valve is additionally arranged in the air outlet pipe 25, the tail ends of the air outlet pipe 25 and the liquid return pipe 31 extend along the connecting rod and the hollow bearing rod 14 and are finally communicated with the outer wall and the bottom of the pneumatic chamber respectively, the bottom of the pneumatic chamber is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft, a fan blade 30 is arranged on the rotating shaft, the tail end of the air outlet pipe 25 and the communicated part of the outer wall of the pneumatic chamber are arranged in a tangential inclination mode towards the fan blade 30, the liquid return pipe 31 is arranged in a section of the hollow bearing rod 14, the heat exchange area is large, and gas is cooled and returns to the liquid state and flows back into the liquid storage cavity 16.

During the experiment, the beaker 5 is filled with clear water and placed on the electric heating plate 13, the two support rods 3 at two sides are rotated to enable the two arc-shaped support blocks to be supported against the outer wall of the beaker 5, the limitation of the beaker 5 is completed, different crystal or amorphous powder can be added into the two test tubes 2 for a comparison experiment, the test tubes 2 are clamped by the test tube clamps 6, the positions of the first mounting plate 1 and the second mounting plate 7 are adjusted by the locking screws 15, the top of the thermometer 8 can be additionally provided with external threads to be in threaded connection with the bottom of the first mounting plate 1, finally the thermometer 8 is inserted into the powder to be heated in the test tubes 2, the threaded head 35 is screwed into the threaded port of the external gear ring 33 to complete the installation of the stirring rod 9, the power supply is externally connected, the ammeter 24 and the slide rheostat 12 are connected in series, the voltage meter 19 is connected in parallel, the connecting head 10 is connected by a lead wire to complete the circuit connection (notably, can connect other different electrical instruments according to different experiments), open the switch to electrify the circuit, the electric heating plate 13 heats the beaker 5, the heat of the electric heating plate 13 radiates to the outside, the heat is conducted into the liquid storage cavity 16 through the annular heat conduction plate 4, the evaporated liquid 11 stably and continuously rises, when the evaporation temperature is reached, the liquid state is changed into the gas state, the gas is continuously increased, when the air pressure in the liquid storage cavity 16 reaches the critical value of the pressure valve, the valve is opened, the gas instantly gushes into the air outlet pipe 25 and finally blows to the fan blade 30, because the air speed can drive the fan blade 30 to rotate, the gear 28 is driven to rotate through the rotating shaft, the gear 28 drives the outer gear ring 33 to rotate, thereby driving the stirring rod 9 to stir the powder in the test tube 2, the powder is uniformly heated, the gas in the pneumatic chamber enters the liquid return pipe 31, because the liquid return pipe 31 is spirally arranged in the hollow bearing rod 14, the heat exchange area is large, the gas is cooled and recovered to be liquid state and flows back to the liquid storage cavity 16, and a cycle is completed.

The student can carry out the electricity experiment through connecting ammeter 24, voltmeter 19, electric instruments such as slide rheostat 12 when adopting electric plate 13 to carry out the calorifics experiment, changes the parameter of instruments such as slide rheostat 12, can adjust the heating effect of electric plate 13, and the change of parameter is the directly perceived change that brings is known to the change of observing the calorifics experiment directly perceivedly to let the student have a comprehensive learning process to the physics calorifics of science and electricity relevant knowledge.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 5 to 6, the embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that a storage groove 21 is formed in a side surface of a base 23, a cleaning brush is stored in the storage groove 21, the cleaning brush includes a brush rod 29, a fixing block 36 adapted to an inner diameter of an outer gear ring 33 is fixed to an upper end of the brush rod 29, a plurality of limiting plates 37 are circumferentially arranged on a side wall of the fixing block 36 at equal intervals, a plurality of limiting grooves 34 matched with the limiting plates 37 are formed in an inner ring of the outer gear ring 33, a spherical brush is installed at a lower end of the brush rod 29, and a noodle arranging brush 20 is installed on the side wall.

When the experiment finishes carrying out the cleanness of test tube, only need take off test tube 2, rotate cavity carrier bar 14, make second mounting panel 7 change to the outside, screw up through locking bolt 26, take out the clearance brush from storage tank 21, put into outer ring gear 33 with the fixed block 36 of clearance brush, it is spacing to make limiting plate 37 insert the completion in spacing groove 34, sheathe in test tube 2 this moment, continue to heat, can drive the clearance brush and rotate, realize the cleanness of test tube 2 inner wall through bank brush 20 and spherical brush, can clear away the impurity of adhesion on test tube 2 inner wall, wash at last can.

The invention can be used for carrying out dissolution and solidification experiments of substances, and can also be additionally provided with or reduce experimental instruments to realize other experimental processes.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The utility model provides a middle school physics calorifics experimental apparatus, includes base (23), its characterized in that, the last fixed surface of base (23) is connected with two stands (18), two the lateral wall of stand (18) passes through connecting rod fixedly connected with mount table (17), the upper end of stand (18) is rotated and is connected with cavity carrier bar (14), the upper surface of mount table (17) is equipped with two standing grooves, install electric plate (13) that the level set up in the standing groove, beaker (5) have been placed on electric plate (13), install two sets of clamping mechanism that are used for centre gripping beaker (5) on the mesa of mount table (17), connector lug (10) have been welded to two inputs of electric plate (13), just connector lug (10) extend to mount table (17) bottom, the outer wall of cavity carrier bar (14) is equipped with first mounting panel (1) and second mounting panel (7) through locking screw (15), the lower surface of second mounting panel (7) is equipped with test tube clamp (6), test tube clamp (6) centre gripping has test tube (2) that extend to in beaker (5), be equipped with installing port (32) on second mounting panel (7), the inner wall of installing port (32) is equipped with ring channel (27), be equipped with stirring mechanism in ring channel (27), the outside that lies in the standing groove in mount table (17) is equipped with stock solution chamber (16), evaporative liquid (11) are equipped with in stock solution chamber (16), the below of ring channel (27) is equipped with pneumatic chamber, be equipped with the rotary mechanism who is used for driving stirring mechanism who is connected with stock solution chamber (16) in the pneumatic chamber, the internal fixation of stock solution chamber (16) has annular heat-conducting plate (4), the top edge of annular heat-conducting plate (4) contacts with the face that generates heat of electric plate (13), rotary mechanism includes outlet duct (25) and liquid return pipe (31) with the interior top intercommunication of stock solution chamber (16), all install the check valve in outlet duct (25) and the liquid return pipe (31), increased pressure valve in outlet duct (25), outlet duct (25) and the end of returning liquid pipe (31) are in the same direction as connecting rod and cavity carrier bar (14) and are extending, finally respectively with the outer wall and the bottom intercommunication of pneumatic chamber, rotate through the pivot in the pneumatic chamber and be connected with flabellum (30), the end of outlet duct (25) sets up towards flabellum (30) tangential slope with the outer wall intercommunication department of pneumatic chamber, it is located one section spiral arrangement of cavity carrier bar (14) to return liquid pipe (31), stirring mechanism is including rotating outer ring gear (33) of connecting in ring channel (27), the upper end of pivot extends to in ring channel (27) and is fixed with gear (28), gear (28) and outer ring gear (33) meshing, run through on outer ring gear (33) and be equipped with the screw thread mouth, a threaded head (35) is connected in the threaded port in a penetrating threaded manner, a stirring rod (9) extending into the test tube (2) is fixed at the lower end of the threaded head (35),

a plurality of drawers (22) are arranged in the base (23), a voltmeter (19), a sliding rheostat (12) and an ammeter (24) are stored in the drawers (22), a power supply is connected externally, the ammeter (24) and the sliding rheostat (12) are connected in series, the voltmeter (19) is connected in parallel, an upper connector lug (10) is connected through a lead to complete the connection of a circuit, a switch is opened to enable the circuit to be electrified, an electric heating plate (13) heats the beaker (5), the heat of the electric heating plate (13) is radiated to the outside, the heat is conducted into the liquid storage cavity (16) through the annular heat conducting plate (4), the evaporated liquid (11) stably and continuously rises, the liquid is changed into a gas state after the evaporating temperature is reached, the gas is continuously increased, when the air pressure in the liquid storage cavity (16) reaches the critical value of the pressure valve, the valve is opened, the gas instantly rushes into the gas outlet pipe (25) and finally blows towards the fan blade (30), because the wind speed can drive flabellum (30) to rotate relatively fast, drive gear (28) through the pivot and rotate, gear (28) drive outer ring gear (33) and rotate, thereby drive puddler (9) and stir the powder in test tube (2), make it be heated evenly, gas in the pneumatics room gets into back in liquid pipe (31), because back in liquid pipe (31) spiral setting bears the weight of pole (14) in the cavity, heat transfer area is big, gas obtains cooling and resumes to liquid backward flow to in the stock solution chamber (16), accomplish a circulation, when adopting electric plate (13) to carry out the calorifics experiment, through connecting ampere meter (24), voltmeter (19), electric experiment is carried out in slide rheostat (12), change the parameter of slide rheostat (12), adjust the heating effect of electric plate (13).

2. The middle school physics thermal experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper end of the upright column (18) is provided with a groove, the lower end of the hollow bearing rod (14) extends into the groove, the upper side of the upright column (18) is connected with a locking bolt (26) extending into the groove in a threaded manner, and the tail end of the locking bolt (26) is abutted against the outer wall of the hollow bearing rod (14).

3. The middle school physics and thermology experimental apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the clamping mechanism comprises a support rod (3) rotatably connected to two sides of the placement groove, the end of the support rod (3) is rotatably connected with an arc support block, and the side wall of the arc support block is provided with a rubber pad.

4. The middle school physics calorifics experimental apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that, the side of base (23) is equipped with storing tank (21), the clearance brush has been put in storing tank (21), the clearance brush includes brush-holder stud (29), the upper end of brush-holder stud (29) is fixed with fixed block (36) with outer ring gear (33) internal diameter adaptation, the lateral wall circumference equidistant of fixed block (36) is provided with a plurality of limiting plates (37), the inner circle of outer ring gear (33) is equipped with a plurality of and limiting plate (37) complex spacing groove (34), the sphere brush is installed to the lower extreme of brush-holder stud (29), and the bank of faces brush (20) is installed to the lateral wall.

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