CN113128690B - Addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation - Google Patents
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- CN113128690B CN113128690B CN202110358111.XA CN202110358111A CN113128690B CN 113128690 B CN113128690 B CN 113128690B CN 202110358111 A CN202110358111 A CN 202110358111A CN 113128690 B CN113128690 B CN 113128690B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation, and belongs to the field of neutral atomic quantum computation. The system comprises a multichannel light guide device and an imaging light path unit, wherein the multichannel light guide device comprises a plurality of light guide channels, and addressing light beams are focused on corresponding atomic quantum bits through the imaging light path unit after being output through the light guide channels. The addressing system provided by the invention has the advantages that the addressing channels are mutually independent, the parameters can be optimized, the expansibility is good, the addressing system is simultaneously applicable to atomic ground state addressing and Redberg excitation addressing, and the light path structure is simplified.
Description
Technical field:
the present invention relates to the field of neutral atomic quantum computing, and more particularly to addressing systems for neutral atomic quantum computing.
The background technology is as follows:
the general quantum computer is a novel computing instrument which takes quantum bits as basic hardware units and uses quantum logic gates to control and realize computing tasks. The method utilizes the unique computing resources such as quantum superposition state, quantum entanglement state and the like, so that the method has algorithm superiority compared with a classical computer on a plurality of specific computing problems, and has wide application prospect in the fields of pharmaceutical engineering, material design, chemical simulation, extremum searching, machine learning, cryptography and the like.
The neutral atomic quantum computer constructed by taking the neutral monoatoms trapped in the miniature optical trap as basic quantum bits has unique advantages in bit number expansion, and also shows excellent performances in the aspects of coherence time, single-bit gate fidelity, two-bit gate fidelity and the like, and is one of important candidate platforms for realizing general quantum computation. Addressing systems as an important component thereof will directly affect the efficiency of execution of neutral atomic quantum computers. The task of a neutral atomic quantum computer addressing system is to achieve specified quantum manipulations, including ground state manipulations and reed-burg state excitation manipulations, on specified qubits in a neutral monoatomic array.
Currently, there are two main types of addressing systems for neutral atomic quantum computing: beam switching schemes based on microelectromechanical mirrors (as described in documents "Independent individual addressing of multiple neutral atom qubits with a micromirror-based beam steering system, C.Knoernschild, X.L.Zhang, L.Isenhower, et al, appl. Phys. Lett.97,134101 (2010)") and beam switching schemes based on acousto-optic modulators (as described in patent "an addressing manipulation system, duan Luming, zhou Zichao, chinese patent application publication No. CN109948802 a"). Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of an addressing system based on a microelectromechanical mirror in the related art, addressing light is aligned to single-atom qubits after being reflected by a pair of microelectromechanical mirrors, so that addressing operation of the qubits is realized, and the addressing light can be switched to different qubits by dynamically adjusting the rotation angle of the microelectromechanical mirror, so that the addressing operation of the whole atomic array can be realized. However, this solution has several problems: (1) the expansibility is not high, and the number of addressed bits is very small (1-2), so that the execution efficiency of the quantum algorithm is limited; (2) the long beam switching time will reduce the quantum gate manipulation fidelity based on the reed-burg blocking. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of an addressing system based on an acousto-optic processing device in the related art, where the acousto-optic processing device may be an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) or an acousto-optic deflector (AOD), and single Shu Xunzhi light is diffracted by the acousto-optic processing device to form one or more first-order diffracted light beams, and the diffracted light beams are aligned to specified atomic qubits respectively, so that addressing operation and control on an atomic array can be realized. The addressing light is flexible to operate in this scheme, and the number of bits that can be addressed simultaneously is large, but there are still several problems: (1) the addressing light beams obtained through diffraction of the acousto-optic processing device are not independent, the frequency and the spatial direction of the light beams are mutually related, the addressing light spots can only exist in a square array form, and when multi-bit parallel operation is performed, in order to ensure that the frequencies of different addressing light beams are consistent, a plurality of additional diffraction light beams are generated, and the additional light beams greatly increase the crosstalk error of the addressing operation; (2) the diffraction angles of the acousto-optic processing device to different wavelengths are different, so that the ground state control addressing and the Redberg excitation addressing in neutral atomic quantum computation cannot share the same acousto-optic processor, the complexity of an optical path system is increased, and the pointing stability of an addressing beam is reduced.
Therefore, constructing a set of addressing system with addressing channels independent of each other, good expandability and simultaneously applicable to ground state control addressing and Redberg excitation addressing is a technical problem faced by the field of neutral atomic quantum computing.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks and deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation comprises a multichannel light guiding device and an imaging light path unit;
the multichannel light guiding device comprises a plurality of light guiding channels, and the addressing light beams are focused on corresponding atomic quantum bits through the imaging light path units after being output through the corresponding light guiding channels.
The multiple light guide channels are multicore fibers or integrated optical waveguides as described above.
As described above, the multiple light guiding channels are arranged in one-dimensional parallel, and each atomic qubit is arranged in a corresponding straight line; or the multipath light guide channels are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and each atomic quantum bit is arranged in a corresponding lattice.
The spacing d1 between adjacent light guiding channels as described above satisfies: d1 is less than or equal to 15 mu m and less than or equal to 40 mu m.
The addressing beams as described above all fulfill the single transverse mode transmission condition in the corresponding light guiding channels.
The imaging optical path unit includes a collimator lens, a first beam expander lens, a second beam expander lens, and an achromatic focusing objective lens, which are sequentially disposed as described above.
The imaging light path unit performs reduced multiple focusing imaging on the addressing beam array emitted from the multichannel light guiding device, and the distance d2 between adjacent grid points of the addressing beam spot array after focusing imaging meets the following conditions: d2 is more than or equal to 3 mu m and less than or equal to 8 mu m.
The collimating lens is a double-cemented lens with positive focal power, and the focal length is f 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The first beam expanding lens is a double-cemented lens with negative focal power, and the focal length is f 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second beam expanding lens is a double-cemented lens with positive focal power, and the focal length is f 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The achromatic focusing objective eliminates axial chromatic aberration at 795nm and 1013nm wavelength, and has focal length f 4 Magnification of imaging light path unit
The imaging light path unit has an axial chromatic aberration of less than 1 μm at wavelengths of 795nm and 1013 nm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the addressing channels of the addressing system are mutually independent, so that parallel addressing control can be performed on any position and any number of quantum bits in the neutral single-atom array, and parameters such as frequency, amplitude, phase and the like of addressing light of each channel can be independently adjusted, thereby providing more waveform design schemes for improving the control fidelity of the quantum gate.
2. The addressing system has excellent expandability, and the single light guide channel corresponds to single atomic quantum bit addressing operation and control, so that the number of the light guide channels can be easily increased by utilizing the advanced integrated optical waveguide chip processing technology, and the addressing operation and control of a large-scale atomic quantum bit array can be realized.
3. The addressing system can be simultaneously suitable for the ground state operation addressing and the Redberg excitation operation addressing of atomic quantum bits, and only proper light guide channel parameters are selected so that the ground state operation addressing and the Redberg excitation operation addressing light can meet single-mode transmission conditions, and the same multi-channel light guide device can be used for realizing the ground state operation addressing and the Redberg excitation operation addressing, thereby simplifying the system light path structure and improving the pointing stability of addressing light beams.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a MEMS mirror-based addressing system of the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of an addressing system based on an acousto-optic processing device in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an example of application of the present invention 87 An Rb atomic qubit array addressing operation schematic diagram;
FIG. 5 (a) shows an example of the application of the present invention 87 An energy level diagram of Rb atomic ground state manipulation;
FIG. 5 (b) shows an example of the application of the present invention 87 An energy level diagram of Rb atom Redburg excitation control;
in the figure:
a 10-multi-channel light guiding device,
111-1 st light guide channel, 112-2 nd light guide channel, … … N-N light guide channel, N is natural number, N is greater than or equal to 1,
121-1 st addressing beam, 122-2 nd addressing beam, … … N-N addressing beam, N is natural number, N is more than or equal to 1;
a 20-imaging light path unit, which is provided with a light source,
21-a collimating lens, 22-a first beam expanding lens, 23-a second beam expanding lens and 24-an achromatic focusing objective;
a 30-atom qubit array,
31-1 st atomic qubit, 32-2 nd atomic qubit … … N-N atomic qubit, N is natural number, N is more than or equal to 1.
12-addressing the beam; 13-microelectromechanical mirrors; 14-an acousto-optic processor; 15-zero order diffracted light; 16-first order diffracted light;
the specific embodiment is as follows:
the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the following examples, for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practicing the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, it being understood that the examples described herein are for the purpose of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1:
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation according to the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the addressing system includes a multichannel light guiding device 10 and an imaging light path unit 20;
the multi-channel light guiding device 10 includes multiple light guiding channels, and the addressing light beam is focused on the corresponding atomic quantum bit through the imaging light path unit 20 after being output through the corresponding light guiding channel.
In this embodiment, the multi-channel light guiding device 10 includes a 1 st light guiding channel 111, a 2 nd light guiding channel 112 … … nth light guiding channel 11N, where N is a natural number, and N is greater than or equal to 1;
the addressing light beams emitted by the multi-channel light guiding device 10 comprise a 1 st addressing light beam 121, a 2 nd addressing light beam 122 and a … … nth addressing light beam 12N, wherein N is a natural number, N is more than or equal to 1, and each path of light guiding channel of the multi-channel light guiding device 10 corresponds to one path of addressing light beam output;
the atomic qubit array 30 comprises 1 st atomic qubit 31, 2 nd atomic qubit 32 … … Nth atomic qubit 3N, wherein N is a natural number, N is more than or equal to 1, and each atomic qubit is addressed by an independent addressing beam.
The multi-channel light guiding device 10 includes a plurality of light guiding channels formed by multi-core optical fiber devices or integrated optical waveguide devices;
the pitch d1 of the exit ends of the light guiding channels of each path of the multi-channel light guiding device 10 satisfies: d1 is more than or equal to 15 mu m and less than or equal to 40 mu m;
each addressing beam satisfies the single transverse mode transmission condition in each light guiding channel of the multi-channel light guiding device 10.
The imaging optical path unit 20 includes a collimator lens 21, a beam expanding lens, and an achromatic focusing objective lens 24, which are sequentially disposed;
the imaging light path unit 20 performs reduced multiple focusing imaging on the addressing beam array emitted from the multichannel light guiding device 10, and the distance d2 between adjacent grid points of the spot array of the addressing beam after focusing imaging satisfies: d2 is more than or equal to 3 mu m and less than or equal to 8 mu m.
Example 2:
the following combinations 87 The present invention is described in detail with respect to ground state addressing and reed-solomon excitation addressing embodiments of Rb atomic qubit arrays.
Referring to fig. 4, a specific system scheme:
the multi-channel light guiding device 10 includes a light guiding channel formed by multi-core optical fibers with N fiber cores (only three fiber cores are shown in the figure for simplicity), the fiber cores can be arranged in parallel in one dimension (i.e. in parallel on the same plane), and each atomic qubit is arranged in a corresponding straight line; or two-dimensional parallel arrangement (namely space parallel arrangement), wherein each atomic quantum bit is arranged in a corresponding lattice, the distance between nearest adjacent fiber cores (light guide channels) is 30 mu m, and the single transverse mode transmission cut-off wavelength of the fiber cores is 760nm;
the imaging optical path unit 20 includes a collimator lens 21, a first beam expander lens 22, a second beam expander lens 23, and an achromatic focusing objective lens 24, which are sequentially arranged, the collimator lens 21 is a double cemented lens having positive optical power, and the focal length is f 1 The first beam expander lens 22 is a cemented doublet lens having negative optical power, and has a focal length f 2 The second beam expander lens 23 is a cemented doublet lens having positive optical power, and has a focal length f 3 The achromatic focusing objective 24 eliminates axial chromatic aberration at 795nm and 1013nm wavelengths, with a focal length f 4 Magnification of imaging optical path unit 20
The axial chromatic aberration of the imaging optical path unit 20 at wavelengths of 795nm and 1013nm is less than 1 μm;
the atomic qubit array 30 is 87 The Rb single-atom quantum bit array is consistent with the arrangement structure of the fiber cores of the multi-core optical fibers, can be arranged in one dimension or two-dimensional square, and has a spacing of 5 μm between nearest adjacent single-atom quantum bits.
Otherwise, the same as in example 1 was used.
87 Rb atomic qubit array ground state addressing manipulation:
the ground state addressing manipulation may be achieved by homodromous Λ Raman transitions, taking the example of a single atomic qubit ground state addressing manipulation: a pair of Raman lasers with the wavelength of 795nm, the frequency difference of 6.83GHz and the phase locking are output from one light guiding channel (fiber core) of the multi-channel light guiding device 10 (multi-core fiber) in a single transverse mode form and are imagedAfter the optical path unit 20, focus on a single 87 On Rb atoms, due to the sum of the frequencies of the Raman laser pairs 87 Rb atom encoding Quantum information 5S 1/2 The ground state hyperfine energy level difference is consistent with and is also consistent with 87 Rb atom D 1 Line transition 5S 1/2 →5P 1/2 Far detuning (detuning delta > omega) R ，Ω R For Raman transition Rabi frequency), the addressed single can be realized by adjusting the light intensity and phase of the Raman laser pair 87 Any ground state manipulation of Rb atoms, FIG. 5 (a) is 87 Energy level diagram of Rb atomic ground state manipulation.
The array is reduced by 6 times by imaging light path unit by Raman laser with 30 μm interval output by the multi-core fiber core to obtain addressing beam spot array with 5 μm interval, and the array is spatially and spatially identical 87 Rb atomic qubit arrays coincide, so that the light intensity and the phase of any number of Raman laser pairs can be adjusted 87 Ground state addressing manipulation of any number of qubits in an Rb atomic qubit array.
87 Rb atomic qubit array Redburg excitation addressing operation;
the ground state addressing manipulation may be achieved by subtended step Raman transitions, taking the example of a single atomic qubit reed-burg excited addressing manipulation: a reed-burg excitation addressing beam with wavelength of 1013nm is output from one light guiding channel (fiber core) of the multi-channel light guiding device 10 (multi-core fiber) in a single transverse mode form, and focused on a single light path after passing through the imaging light path unit 20 87 On Rb atoms, the Shu Lide-Barbell excitation addressing beam is combined with the Redburg excitation global steering light having a correlation wavelength of 420nm (Redburg excitation global steering light is correlated with the addressing beam, combined by the energy level relationship of FIG. 5 (b)), by combining with the intermediate state 6P 3/2 Far detuned coupling of (a) to form a slave 87 Rb atom ground State 5S 1/2 Certain quantum information coding energy level (|f=1, m) F ＝0>Or |f=2, m F ＝0>) To the high excited Redberg state |70S 1/2 ,m J ＝-1/2>To realize an addressed single Raman transition 87 Redberg excitation of Rb atomsControl, FIG. 5 (b) is 87 Energy level diagram of Rb atom Redberg excitation manipulation.
The array of the Redberg excitation addressing light beams with the interval of 30 mu m output by the cores of the multi-core optical fiber is reduced by 6 times by an imaging light path unit for imaging to obtain the array of the spots of the Redberg excitation addressing light beams with the interval of 5 mu m, and the array of the spots is spatially and spatially identical to the array of the spots of the Redberg excitation addressing light beams 87 Rb atomic qubit arrays coincide, so that the light intensity and the phase of the arbitrary-value Lu-Lidberg excitation addressing light can be adjusted 87 The reed-burg excitation addressing of any number of qubits in the Rb atomic qubit array.
In the above description only 87 The addressing of the Rb atomic qubit array is exemplary, but not limiting, and other alkali metal atoms may be selected in the practice of the invention [ e.g.: cesium atoms (C) S )]Or alkaline earth metal atoms [ e.g.: strontium atom (Sr)]Many other embodiments may be made by making parameter changes and adjustments to the structures of the present invention, and it is not necessary or all embodiments are listed here. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be determined solely by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. Addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computing, comprising a multichannel light guiding device (10), characterized in that: also comprises an imaging light path unit (20);
the multichannel light guiding device (10) comprises multichannel light guiding channels, and addressing light beams are focused on corresponding atomic quantum bits through the imaging light path units (20) after being output through the corresponding light guiding channels;
the multi-path light guide channels are arranged in one-dimensional parallel, and each atomic quantum bit is arranged in a corresponding straight line; or the multipath light guide channels are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and each atomic quantum bit is arranged in a corresponding lattice; the spacing d1 between adjacent light guiding channels satisfies: d1 is more than or equal to 15 mu m and less than or equal to 40 mu m;
an imaging light path unit (20) performs reduced multiple focusing imaging on the addressing beam array emitted from the multichannel light guiding device (10), and the distance d2 between adjacent grid points of the focusing imaged addressing beam spot arrayThe method meets the following conditions: d2 is more than or equal to 3 mu m and less than or equal to 8 mu m; the collimating lens (21) is a double-cemented lens with positive focal power, and the focal length is f 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The first beam expander lens (22) is a double-cemented lens with negative focal power, and the focal length is f 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The second beam expander lens (23) is a double-cemented lens with positive focal power, and the focal length is f 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The achromatic focusing objective (24) eliminates axial chromatic aberration at 795nm and 1013nm wavelengths, and has a focal length f 4 Magnification of imaging optical path unit (20)
The axial chromatic aberration of the imaging light path unit (20) at the wavelengths of 795nm and 1013nm is less than 1 mu m;
the addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation can also realize ground state control addressing and Redberg excitation control addressing of atomic quantum bits;
the ground state manipulation addressing of the atomic qubits includes: outputting a laser pair array with preset spacing based on the multichannel light guide device, performing reduced imaging through the imaging light path unit to obtain an addressing beam spot array, wherein the addressing beam spot array is spatially overlapped with the atomic quantum bit array, and realizing ground state addressing control by adjusting the light intensity and the phase of the laser pair array;
the reed-solomon excitation manipulation addressing includes: outputting a Redberg excitation addressing beam array with a preset interval based on the multichannel light guide device, performing reduction imaging through the imaging light path unit to obtain a Redberg excitation addressing beam spot array, wherein the Redberg excitation addressing beam spot array is overlapped with the atomic quantum bit array in space, and realizing the Redberg excitation control addressing by adjusting the light intensity and the phase of the Redberg excitation addressing beam array;
the addressing beam satisfies the single transverse mode transmission condition in the corresponding light guiding channel.
2. The addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computing of claim 1, wherein:
the multi-channel light guide channel is a multi-core optical fiber or an integrated optical waveguide.
3. The addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computing of claim 1, wherein:
the imaging light path unit (20) includes a collimator lens (21), a first beam expander lens (22), a second beam expander lens (23), and an achromatic focusing objective lens (24) which are sequentially arranged.
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