CN113128690A - Addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computing, and belongs to the field of neutral atomic quantum computing. The system comprises a multi-channel light guide device and an imaging light path unit, wherein the multi-channel light guide device comprises a plurality of light guide channels, and addressing light beams are output by the light guide channels and then focused on corresponding atomic quantum bits through the imaging light path unit. The addressing system provided by the invention has the advantages that the addressing channels are mutually independent, the number of the optimized parameters is large, the expansibility is good, the addressing system is simultaneously suitable for atomic ground state addressing and Reedberg excitation addressing, and the light path structure is simplified.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the present invention relates to the field of neutral atomic quantum computing, and more particularly to addressing systems for neutral atomic quantum computing.
Background art:
the general quantum computer is a novel computing instrument which takes quantum bits as basic hardware units and uses quantum logic gate control to realize computing tasks. Because the method utilizes unique computing resources such as quantum superposition state and quantum entanglement state, the method shows algorithm superiority relative to a classical computer on a plurality of specific computing problems, and has wide application prospect in the fields of pharmaceutical engineering, material design, chemical simulation, extremum searching, machine learning, cryptography and the like.
The neutral atom quantum computer constructed by taking the neutral single atom trapped in the miniature optical trap as the basic qubit has unique advantages in the aspect of bit number expansion, and also shows excellent performances in the aspects of coherence time, single-bit gate fidelity, two-bit gate fidelity and the like, thereby being one of important candidate platforms for realizing general quantum computation. The addressing system as an important component thereof will directly affect the execution efficiency of the neutral atomic quantum computer. The task of a neutral atomic quantum computer addressing system is to implement specified quantum manipulations, including ground state manipulations and rydberg state excitation manipulations, on specified qubits in a neutral monatomic array.
Currently, there are two main addressing systems used for neutral atomic quantum computing: beam switching schemes based on micro-electromechanical mirrors (as described in the literature "Independent induced vertical addressing of multiple neutral atoms with a micro-mirror-based beam steering system, c.knoernschild, x.l.zhang, l.isentower, et al, appl.phys.lett.97,134101 (2010)") and beam switching schemes based on acousto-optic modulators (as described in the patent "an addressing and control system, road, Zhou-ji, chinese patent application publication No. CN 109948802A"). Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of an addressing system based on a micro-electromechanical mirror in the related art, in which addressing light is reflected by a pair of micro-electromechanical mirrors and then aligned to a single-atom qubit to realize addressing control of the qubit, and the addressing light can be switched to different qubits by dynamically adjusting the rotation angle of the micro-electromechanical mirrors, so that addressing control of the whole atomic array can be realized. However, this solution has several problems: the expansibility is not high, and the number of bits addressed is small (1-2), so that the execution efficiency of a quantum algorithm is limited; and the beam switching time is long, so that the quantum gate control fidelity based on the Reedberg blockage can be reduced. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of an addressing system based on an acousto-optic processing device in the related art, where the acousto-optic processing device may be an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) or an acousto-optic deflector (AOD), a single beam of addressing light is diffracted by the acousto-optic processing device to form one or more first-order diffracted lights, and the diffracted lights are respectively directed to designated atomic qubits, so that addressing control can be implemented on an atomic array. The control of the addressing light in this scheme is flexible and the number of bits that can be addressed simultaneously is large, but there are still several problems: addressing light beams obtained through diffraction of an acousto-optic processing device are not independent, the frequency and the spatial direction of the light beams are mutually related, addressing light spots only exist in a square array form, when multi-bit parallel control is carried out, in order to ensure that the frequencies of different addressing light beams are kept consistent, a plurality of extra diffraction light beams can be generated, and the extra light beams can greatly increase crosstalk errors of the addressing control; and diffraction angles of the acousto-optic processing device to different wavelengths are different, so that the ground state control addressing and the Reedberg excitation addressing in neutral atom quantum calculation cannot share the same acousto-optic processor, the complexity of an optical path system is increased, and the pointing stability of an addressing beam is reduced.
Therefore, the technical problem in the field of neutral atomic quantum computing is to construct an addressing system with mutually independent addressing channels, good expandability and simultaneously applicable ground state control addressing and Reedberg excitation addressing.
The invention content is as follows:
it is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages and drawbacks of the prior art and to provide an addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the addressing system for neutral atom quantum computation comprises a multi-channel light guide device and an imaging light path unit;
the multi-channel light guide device comprises a plurality of light guide channels, and the addressing light beams are output by the corresponding light guide channels and then focused on the corresponding atomic qubits through the imaging light path unit.
The multiple light guiding channels are multicore optical fibers or integrated optical waveguides as described above.
The multiple light guide channels are arranged in parallel in one dimension, and the atomic qubits are arranged in a corresponding straight line; or the multiple light guide channels are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and the atomic qubits are arranged in a corresponding lattice.
The spacing d1 between adjacent light-guiding channels as described above satisfies: d1 is more than or equal to 15 mu m and less than or equal to 40 mu m.
The addressing light beams satisfy the single transverse mode transmission condition in the corresponding light guiding channels as described above.
The imaging optical path unit comprises a collimating lens, a first beam expanding lens, a second beam expanding lens and an achromatic focusing objective lens which are arranged in sequence.
The imaging light path unit performs the focusing imaging of the reduction multiple on the addressing light beam array emitted from the multi-channel light guide device, and the distance d2 between the adjacent lattice points of the focused imaging addressing light beam spot array satisfies the following conditions: d2 is more than or equal to 3 mu m and less than or equal to 8 mu m.
The collimating lens is a double cemented lens with positive focal power and focal length f1(ii) a The first beam expanding lens is a double-cemented lens with negative focal power and focal length f2(ii) a The second beam expanding lens is a double-cemented lens with positive focal power and focal length f3(ii) a The achromatic focusing objective lens eliminates axial chromatic aberration at 795nm and 1013nm wavelengths, and has a focal length f4Magnification of imaging optical path unit
The axial chromatic aberration of the imaging optical path unit at the wavelengths of 795nm and 1013nm is less than 1 μm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. each addressing channel of the addressing system is independent, so that the parallel addressing control can be carried out on any number of quantum bits at any position in the neutral monatomic array, and parameters such as frequency, amplitude, phase and the like of addressing light of each channel can be independently adjusted, thereby providing more waveform design schemes for improving the control fidelity of the quantum gate.
2. The addressing system has excellent expandability, a single light guide channel corresponds to single atomic quantum bit addressing control, the number of the light guide channels can be easily increased by utilizing the advanced integrated optical light waveguide chip processing technology, and the addressing control of a large-scale atomic quantum bit array is realized.
3. The addressing system can be simultaneously suitable for ground state control addressing and Reedberg excitation control addressing of atomic quantum bits, addressing light of the ground state control and the Reedberg excitation control can meet single-mode transmission conditions only by selecting proper light guide channel parameters, and addressing operation of the ground state control and the Reedberg excitation control can be achieved by using the same multi-channel light guide device, so that the light path structure of the system is simplified, and the pointing stability of addressing light beams is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a prior art MEMS mirror based addressing system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of an addressing system based on an acousto-optic processing device in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention87An Rb atom qubit array addressing manipulation schematic;
FIG. 5(a) is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention87Energy level schematic of Rb atomic ground state manipulation;
FIG. 5(b) is an exemplary embodiment of the present invention87Energy level diagram of Rb atom Reidberg excitation manipulation;
in the figure:
10-a multi-channel light-guiding device,
111-1 st light guide channel, 112-2 nd light guide channel, … … 11N-Nth light guide channel, N is natural number, N is not less than 1,
121-1 st addressing light beam, 122-2 nd addressing light beam, … … 12N-Nth addressing light beam, wherein N is a natural number and is more than or equal to 1;
20-an imaging light path unit, wherein,
21-a collimating lens, 22-a first beam expanding lens, 23-a second beam expanding lens and 24-an achromatic focusing objective lens;
30-an array of atomic qubits, and,
31-1 st atom qubit, 32-2 nd atom qubits … … 3N-Nth atom qubit, N being a natural number, N being greater than or equal to 1.
12-an addressing beam; 13-a micro-electromechanical mirror; 14-an acousto-optic processor; 15-zero order diffracted light; 16-first order diffracted light;
the specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples for the purpose of facilitating understanding and practice of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art, and it is to be understood that the present invention has been described in the illustrative embodiments and is not to be construed as limited thereto.
Example 1:
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation provided by the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the addressing system includes a multi-channel light guide device 10 and an imaging optical path unit 20;
the multi-channel light guide device 10 includes multiple light guide channels, and the addressing light beams are output by the corresponding light guide channels and focused on the corresponding atomic qubits by the imaging optical path unit 20.
In this embodiment, the multi-channel light guide device 10 includes a 1 st light guide channel 111, a 2 nd light guide channel 112 … … N, where N is a natural number, and N is greater than or equal to 1;
the addressing light beam emitted by the multi-channel light guiding device 10 includes a 1 st addressing light beam 121 and a 2 nd addressing light beam 122 … … N addressing light beam 12N, where N is a natural number and is greater than or equal to 1, and each light guiding channel of the multi-channel light guiding device 10 corresponds to one addressing light beam output;
the atomic qubit array 30 includes a 1 st atomic qubit 31 and a 2 nd atomic qubit 32 … … and an nth atomic qubit 3N, where N is a natural number, N is greater than or equal to 1, and each atomic qubit is addressed by a single addressing beam.
The multi-channel light guide device 10 comprises a multi-channel light guide channel composed of a multi-core optical fiber device or an integrated optical waveguide device;
the distance d1 between the exit ends of the light guide channels of the multi-channel light guide device 10 satisfies: d1 is more than or equal to 15 mu m and less than or equal to 40 mu m;
each addressing beam satisfies a single transverse mode transmission condition in each light guiding channel of the multi-channel light guiding device 10.
The imaging optical path unit 20 comprises a collimating lens 21, a beam expanding lens and an achromatic focusing objective lens 24 which are arranged in sequence;
the imaging light path unit 20 performs focusing imaging of the multiple reduction on the addressing light beam array emitted from the multi-channel light guide device 10, and the distance d2 between the adjacent lattice points of the spot array of the focused and imaged addressing light beam satisfies the following condition: d2 is more than or equal to 3 mu m and less than or equal to 8 mu m.
Example 2:
the following combinations87The ground state addressing manipulation and the riedberg pumping addressing manipulation embodiments of the Rb atomic qubit array illustrate the invention in detail.
Referring to fig. 4, the specific system scheme:
the multi-channel light guide device 10 includes a light guide channel (only three fiber cores are shown in the figure for simplification) composed of multi-core fibers with N fiber cores, the fiber cores may be arranged in one-dimensional parallel (i.e. in the same plane), and each atomic qubit is arranged in a corresponding straight line; or two-dimensional parallel arrangement (namely spatial parallel arrangement) is adopted, each atomic quantum bit is arranged in a corresponding lattice, the distance between the nearest adjacent fiber cores (light guide channels) is 30 mu m, and the single transverse mode transmission cut-off wavelength of the fiber cores is 760 nm;
the imaging optical path unit 20 comprises a collimating lens 21, a first beam expanding lens 22, a second beam expanding lens 23 and an achromatic focusing objective lens 24 which are arranged in sequence, wherein the collimating lens 21 is a double-cemented lens with positive focal power, and the focal length is f1The first expander lens 22 is a double cemented lens with negative focal power and focal length f2The second expander lens 23 is a double cemented lens with positive focal power and focal length f3The achromatic focusing objective lens 24 eliminates axial chromatic aberration at 795nm and 1013nm wavelengths, and has a focal length f4Magnification of imaging optical path unit 20
Axial chromatic aberration of the imaging light path unit 20 at wavelengths of 795nm and 1013nm is less than 1 μm;
the atomic qubit array 30 is87The Rb monatomic qubit array is consistent with the arrangement structure of the fiber cores of the multi-core optical fiber, can be arranged in a one-dimensional mode or a two-dimensional square mode, and the distance between the nearest adjacent monatomic qubits is 5 μm.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
87Rb atomic qubit array ground state addressing manipulation:
ground state addressing manipulation can be achieved by equidirectional Λ -type Raman transitions, taking ground state addressing manipulation of a single atomic qubit as an example: a pair of Raman lasers with a wavelength of 795nm, a frequency difference of 6.83GHz and mutually locked phases are output from one light guide channel (fiber core) of the multi-channel light guide device 10 (multi-core fiber) in a single transverse mode, pass through the imaging light path unit 20, and are focused on a single light guide channel (fiber core)87On the Rb atom, due to the difference in frequency of the Raman laser pair875S with Rb atoms encoding quantum information1/2The ground state hyperfine energy level difference is consistent with87Rb atom D1Line transition 5S1/2→5P1/2Far detuning (detuning Δ > Ω)R，ΩRFor Raman transition Rabi frequency), addressing of individual laser pairs can be achieved by adjusting the intensity and phase of the Raman laser pair87Random ground state manipulation of Rb atoms, FIG. 5(a)87Energy level schematic of Rb atomic ground state manipulation.
The Raman laser pair array output by the fiber core of the multi-core optical fiber and with the spacing of 30 mu m is reduced by 6 times through the imaging light path unit to form an addressing beam spot array with the spacing of 5 mu m, and the addressing beam spot array is spatially neutralized87Rb atom quantum bit arrays are overlapped, so that the light intensity and the phase of any numerical value path Raman laser pair can be adjusted87And (3) carrying out ground state addressing manipulation on any number of qubits in the Rb atom qubit array.
87Rb atom quantum bit array Reedberg excitation addressing manipulation;
ground state addressing manipulation can be achieved by opposing ladder Raman transitions, taking the reed-solomon excitation addressing manipulation of a single atomic qubit as an example: a beam of rydberg excitation addressing light with the wavelength of 1013nm is output from one light guide channel (fiber core) of the multi-channel light guide device 10 (multi-core fiber) in a single transverse mode, passes through the imaging optical path unit 20, and is focused on a single light guide channel (fiber core)87On the Rb atom, the beam of the riedberg-excited addressing beam is combined with the opposed riedberg-excited global steering light having a wavelength of 420nm (the riedberg-excited global steering light is combined with the addressing beam by the energy level relationship of fig. 5 (b)), by being in contact with the intermediate state 6P3/2Form a far detuned coupling of87Rb atom ground State 5S1/2Certain quantum information encoding energy level (| F ═ 1, mF＝0>Or | F ═ 2, mF＝0>) To a highly excited rydberg state |70S1/2,mJ＝-1/2>Thereby realizing the addressed single87Reedberg excitation manipulation of Rb atoms, FIG. 5(b)87Energy diagram of Rb atom rydberg excitation manipulation.
The method comprises the steps that a Reidberg excitation addressing beam array with the interval of 30 mu m output by a fiber core of a multi-core optical fiber is subjected to imaging by 6 times after being reduced by an imaging optical path unit, a Reidberg excitation addressing beam spot array with the interval of 5 mu m is obtained, and the Reidberg excitation addressing beam spot array is spatially neutralized87The Rb atom quantum bit arrays are overlapped, so that the light intensity and the phase position of the addressing light excited by any number of Loidelberg can be adjusted87The rydberg excitation addressing manipulation of any number of qubits in an Rb atomic qubit array.
In the above description only87Addressing manipulation of Rb atom qubit arrays is an example, but not intended to limit the invention, and other alkali metal atoms [ e.g.: cesium atom (C)S)]Or an alkaline earth metal atom [ for example: strontium atom (Sr)]Further, changes and modifications in the parameters of the structure of the invention may be made to achieve other embodiments, all of which need not be explicitly recited herein.The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. Addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computing, comprising a multi-channel light guiding device (10), characterized in that: further comprises an imaging light path unit (20);
the multi-channel light guide device (10) comprises a plurality of light guide channels, and the addressing light beams are output through the corresponding light guide channels and then focused on the corresponding atomic qubits through the imaging light path unit (20).
2. The addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation of claim 1, characterized in that:
the multi-path light guide channel is a multi-core optical fiber or an integrated optical waveguide.
3. The addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation of claim 1, characterized in that:
the multiple light guide channels are arranged in parallel in one dimension, and the atomic quantum bits are arranged in a corresponding straight line; or the multiple light guide channels are arranged in a two-dimensional array, and the atomic qubits are arranged in a corresponding lattice.
4. The addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation of claim 1, characterized in that:
the spacing d1 between adjacent light guide channels satisfies: d1 is more than or equal to 15 mu m and less than or equal to 40 mu m.
5. The addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation of claim 1, characterized in that:
the addressing light beams satisfy the single transverse mode transmission condition in the corresponding light guiding channels.
6. The addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation of claim 1, characterized in that:
the imaging light path unit (20) comprises a collimating lens (21), a first beam expanding lens (22), a second beam expanding lens (23) and an achromatic focusing objective lens (24) which are arranged in sequence.
7. The addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation of claim 1, characterized in that:
the imaging light path unit (20) performs focusing imaging of the reduction multiple on the addressing light beam array emitted from the multi-channel light guide device (10), and the distance d2 between adjacent lattice points of the addressing light beam spot array after focusing imaging satisfies the following conditions: d2 is more than or equal to 3 mu m and less than or equal to 8 mu m.
8. The addressing system for neutral atomic quantum computation of claim 6, wherein:
the collimating lens (21) is a double-cemented lens with positive focal power and focal length f1(ii) a The first beam expanding lens (22) is a double cemented lens with negative focal power and focal length f2(ii) a The second beam expanding lens (23) is a double cemented lens with positive focal power and focal length f3(ii) a The achromatic focusing objective lens (24) eliminates axial chromatic aberration at 795nm and 1013nm wavelengths, and has a focal length f4Magnification of the imaging optical path unit (20)
The axial chromatic aberration of the imaging light path unit (20) at the wavelengths of 795nm and 1013nm is less than 1 μm.
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