CN113126205A - Sectional type plane imaging system and method based on optical switch - Google Patents
Sectional type plane imaging system and method based on optical switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN113126205A CN113126205A CN202110425446.9A CN202110425446A CN113126205A CN 113126205 A CN113126205 A CN 113126205A CN 202110425446 A CN202110425446 A CN 202110425446A CN 113126205 A CN113126205 A CN 113126205A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
- G02B6/1245—Geodesic lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/351—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements
- G02B6/3524—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements the optical element being refractive
- G02B6/3526—Optical coupling means having switching means involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements the optical element being refractive the optical element being a lens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
Abstract
The invention discloses a sectional type plane imaging system and method based on an optical switch, comprising a lens array, a photonic integrated circuit and an image processing module; the lens array comprises M × N lenses, N is a column, and M is the number of lenses in each column; n is an integer greater than 1, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 4; the photonic integrated circuit comprises M x N waveguide transmission lines and a plurality of balanced four-quadrature detectors; the M-N lenses are connected with M-N waveguide transmission lines in a one-to-one correspondence mode, namely one lens is connected with one waveguide transmission line; an optical switch capable of regulating and controlling the on-off of the waveguide is arranged behind the waveguide transmission line; the waveguide transmission line is connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector, and the balanced four-orthogonal detector is connected with an image processing module. The invention adopts the optical switch to regulate and control the base line pairing, thereby not only simplifying the internal space design of the photonic integrated circuit, but also improving the sampling coverage rate of the sectional type plane imaging system to the target frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photoelectric detection, in particular to a sectional type plane imaging system and method based on an optical switch.
Background
Optical telescopes are basically bulky and heavy structures stacked by using optical lenses or reflectors, such as a Hubby telescope, and have a total length of 13.2 meters, a diameter of 4.3 meters and a total weight of 12.5 tons. In 2012, lokhide martin, combined with davies division of university of california, proposed a segmented planar photoelectric detection imaging system, which reduced the size, weight, and power consumption of the imaging system while satisfying large-field, high-resolution imaging. The system is a novel imaging system with the technologies of photonic integration, computer data processing, synthetic aperture and the like applied alternately, and a restored image is obtained by acquiring spatial frequency information and utilizing inverse Fourier transform.
The existing sectional type plane imaging system can only form one base line at most because each lens can only form one base line, so that the sampling of the spatial frequency of a target is greatly limited, and in order to ensure the imaging quality of the target, the existing sectional type plane imaging system mostly adopts a low-frequency intensive sampling scheme. Therefore, the existing segmented planar imaging system has serious loss of high-frequency information, and has serious influence on the imaging quality of the target.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that for the detection of a static and slowly-changing target, the existing sectional type plane imaging system has low target frequency sampling coverage rate and poor imaging quality, and aims to provide a sectional type plane imaging system and a method based on an optical switch to solve the problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an optical switch-based segmented planar imaging system comprises a lens array, a photonic integrated circuit and an image processing module;
the lens array comprises M × N lenses, N is a column, and M is the number of lenses in each column; n is an integer greater than 1, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 4;
the photonic integrated circuit comprises M x N waveguide transmission lines and a plurality of balanced four-quadrature detectors; the M-N lenses are connected with M-N waveguide transmission lines in a one-to-one correspondence mode, namely one lens is connected with one waveguide transmission line; an optical switch capable of regulating and controlling the on-off of the waveguide is arranged behind the waveguide transmission line; the waveguide transmission line is connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector, and the balanced four-orthogonal detector is connected with an image processing module.
Furthermore, M lenses in each column of lenses are compactly arranged without gaps; the M lenses are divided into 3 parts, namely a base lens, a low-frequency part lens and a high-frequency part lens, wherein the base lens comprises 1 lens, the low-frequency part lens comprises n lenses, and the high-frequency part lens comprises 2n lenses.
Further, the base lens splits the light into a first waveguide and a second waveguide through a 1 × 2 coupler; the low-frequency part lens splits light to a third waveguide and a fourth waveguide through an n multiplied by 2 optical switch; the high-frequency part lens splits light to a fifth waveguide and a sixth waveguide through a 2n multiplied by 2 optical switch; the first waveguide and the third waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of low-frequency sampling, the second waveguide and the fifth waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of high-frequency sampling, the fourth waveguide and the sixth waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of intermediate-frequency sampling, and the balanced four-orthogonal detector is connected with the image processing module.
Furthermore, for single-waveband imaging, the photonic integrated circuit corresponding to each column of lenses is only provided with three balanced four-orthogonal detectors, the base lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detectors through a first waveguide, and the low-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detectors through a third waveguide; the base lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a second waveguide, and the high-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a fifth waveguide; the low-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a fourth waveguide, and the high-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a sixth waveguide.
Further, for multi-band imaging, the photonic integrated circuit corresponding to each column of lenses is provided with six arrayed waveguide gratings and 3 x m balanced four-orthogonal detectors, the arrayed waveguide gratings and the balanced four-orthogonal detectors correspond to each other, and m is the light splitting number of the arrayed waveguide gratings.
A sectional type plane imaging method based on an optical switch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: two optical switches behind each row of lenses respectively open one waveguide channel, and the other channels are closed;
s2: the incident light received by the base lens is divided into two beams, and the lens corresponding to the waveguide channel in the open state receives the incident light and is divided into two beams by the optical switch; one incident light beam of the base lens, one incident light beam of the low-frequency lens part, one incident light beam of the base lens, one incident light beam of the high-frequency lens part, one incident light beam of the low-frequency lens part and one incident light beam of the high-frequency lens part are respectively transmitted into three balanced four-orthogonal detectors through waveguides so as to obtain intensity information of complex coherent light;
s3: the image processing module processes the intensity information of the complex phase coherent light obtained by the balanced four-orthogonal detector into amplitude and phase information and stores the amplitude and phase information;
s4: repeating the steps S1, S2 and S3, and detecting all base lines which can be formed by the lens;
s5: and the image processing module combines the stored amplitude and phase information of all the complex coherent light to obtain a target spectrogram, and finally completes image reconstruction through inverse Fourier transform.
An optical switch capable of regulating and controlling the on-off of the waveguide is arranged behind the waveguide transmission line in the photonic integrated circuit; the invention controls the on-off of the waveguide through the optical switch, and simultaneously divides each column of lenses into 3 parts, 1 lens at the base part, n lenses at the low-frequency part and 2n lenses at the high-frequency part. The base lens splits the light into the first waveguide and the second waveguide through the 1 x 2 coupler; the low-frequency part lens splits light to a third waveguide and a fourth waveguide through an n multiplied by 2 optical switch; the high-frequency part lens splits light to a fifth waveguide and a sixth waveguide through a 2n multiplied by 2 optical switch; the first waveguide and the third waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of low-frequency sampling, the second waveguide and the fifth waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of high-frequency sampling, and the fourth waveguide and the sixth waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of intermediate-frequency sampling. In each detection, the base lens and the low-frequency lens form a group of baselines, the base lens and the high-frequency lens form a group of baselines, the low-frequency lens and the high-frequency lens form a group of baselines, the baselines formed by each row of lenses are regulated and controlled by the optical switch, incident light of the three groups of baselines is finally output to the balanced quadriquadrature detector, and the subsequent image processing module stores the amplitude and phase information of the complex phase light measured by the balanced quadriquadrature detector corresponding to each row of lenses in the current detection. After the multi-time detection, the image processing module inserts the collected amplitude and phase information of all complex coherent light into the corresponding position of the target space spectrogram, and a reconstructed target image is obtained through inverse Fourier transform.
The sectional type plane imaging system can be used for imaging only by detecting for many times, cannot be used for real-time imaging, is suitable for detecting static and slowly-changing targets, and has better imaging quality than a common sectional type plane imaging system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention is suitable for detecting static and slowly-changing targets, and solves the problems of low target frequency sampling coverage rate and poor imaging quality of the conventional sectional type plane imaging system. The invention adopts the optical switch to regulate and control the base line pairing, thereby not only simplifying the internal space design of the photonic integrated circuit, but also improving the sampling coverage rate of the sectional type plane imaging system to the target frequency.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a segmented planar imaging system provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art segmented planar imaging system configuration;
FIG. 3 is an original simulation diagram used in the simulation of the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a spectrogram and a reconstruction graph of simulation reconstruction in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a spectrogram and reconstruction diagram of a low frequency dense sampling simulation reconstruction of a prior segmented planar imaging system;
FIG. 6 is a spectrogram and reconstruction graph of an equidistant uniform sampling simulation reconstruction of a conventional segmented planar imaging system;
FIG. 7 is a spectrogram and reconstruction diagram of a high frequency intensive sampling simulation reconstruction of a prior segmented planar imaging system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a sectional planar imaging system based on an optical switch includes a lens array, a photonic integrated circuit, and an image processing module;
the lens array comprises M × N lenses, N is a column, and M is the number of lenses in each column; n is an integer greater than 1, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 4;
the photonic integrated circuit comprises M x N waveguide transmission lines and a plurality of balanced four-quadrature detectors; the M-N lenses are connected with M-N waveguide transmission lines in a one-to-one correspondence mode, namely one lens is connected with one waveguide transmission line; an optical switch capable of regulating and controlling the on-off of the waveguide is arranged behind the waveguide transmission line; the waveguide transmission line is connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector, and the balanced four-orthogonal detector is connected with an image processing module.
M lenses in each column of lenses are compactly arranged without gaps; the M lenses are divided into 3 parts, namely a base lens, a low-frequency part lens and a high-frequency part lens, wherein the base lens comprises 1 lens, the low-frequency part lens comprises n lenses, and the high-frequency part lens comprises 2n lenses.
The base lens splits light through a 1 x 2 coupler into a first waveguide and a second waveguide; the low-frequency part lens splits light to a third waveguide and a fourth waveguide through an n multiplied by 2 optical switch; the high-frequency part lens splits light to a fifth waveguide and a sixth waveguide through a 2n multiplied by 2 optical switch; the first waveguide and the third waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of low-frequency sampling, the second waveguide and the fifth waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of high-frequency sampling, the fourth waveguide and the sixth waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of intermediate-frequency sampling, and the balanced four-orthogonal detector is connected with the image processing module.
For single-waveband imaging, a photonic integrated circuit corresponding to each column of lenses is only provided with three balanced four-orthogonal detectors, a base lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detectors through a first waveguide, and a low-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detectors through a third waveguide; the base lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a second waveguide, and the high-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a fifth waveguide; the low-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a fourth waveguide, and the high-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a sixth waveguide.
For multiband imaging, a photonic integrated circuit corresponding to each column of lenses is provided with six arrayed waveguide gratings and 3 x m balanced four-orthogonal detectors, the arrayed waveguide gratings and the balanced four-orthogonal detectors correspond to each other, and m is the light splitting number of the arrayed waveguide gratings.
A sectional type plane imaging method based on an optical switch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: two optical switches behind each row of lenses respectively open one waveguide channel, and the other channels are closed;
s2: the incident light received by the base lens is divided into two beams, and the lens corresponding to the waveguide channel in the open state receives the incident light and is divided into two beams by the optical switch; one incident light beam of the base lens, one incident light beam of the low-frequency lens part, one incident light beam of the base lens, one incident light beam of the high-frequency lens part, one incident light beam of the low-frequency lens part and one incident light beam of the high-frequency lens part are respectively transmitted into three balanced four-orthogonal detectors through waveguides so as to obtain intensity information of complex coherent light;
s3: the image processing module processes the intensity information of the complex phase coherent light obtained by the balanced four-orthogonal detector into amplitude and phase information and stores the amplitude and phase information;
s4: repeating the steps S1, S2 and S3, and detecting all base lines which can be formed by the lens;
s5: and the image processing module combines the stored amplitude and phase information of all the complex coherent light to obtain a target spectrogram, and finally completes image reconstruction through inverse Fourier transform.
Taking single-band imaging as an example, the photonic integrated circuit of the invention is modified and designed on the basis of the photonic integrated circuit of the existing segmented planar imaging system. The prior sectional plane imaging system is shown in fig. 2, a single lens on each column of lenses can only form a base line with another lens, and 1 base line is communicated with 1 balanced four-orthogonal detector. The invention is provided with an optical switch which can regulate the on-off of the waveguide behind the waveguide transmission line, and simultaneously divides each column of lenses into 3 parts, 1 lens at the base part, n lenses at the low frequency part and 2n lenses at the high frequency part. The base lens splits the light into the first waveguide and the second waveguide through the 1 x 2 coupler; the low-frequency part lens splits light to a third waveguide and a fourth waveguide through an n multiplied by 2 optical switch; the high-frequency part lens splits light to a fifth waveguide and a sixth waveguide through a 2n multiplied by 2 optical switch; the first waveguide and the third waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of low-frequency sampling, the second waveguide and the fifth waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of high-frequency sampling, and the fourth waveguide and the sixth waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of intermediate-frequency sampling.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
in the invention, each time of detection, two optical switches behind each row of lenses respectively open one waveguide channel, and other channels are closed; the incident light received by the base lens is divided into two beams, and the lens corresponding to the waveguide channel in the open state receives the incident light and is divided into two beams by the optical switch. One incident light beam of the base lens, one incident light beam of the low-frequency lens part, one incident light beam of the base lens, one incident light beam of the high-frequency lens part, one incident light beam of the low-frequency lens part and one incident light beam of the high-frequency lens part are respectively transmitted into three balanced four-orthogonal detectors through waveguides so as to obtain intensity information of complex coherent light; the image processing module processes the intensity information of the complex phase coherent light obtained by the balanced four-orthogonal detector into amplitude and phase information and stores the amplitude and phase information; after detecting for many times, all baselines which can be formed by the lens are detected, the image processing module combines the stored amplitudes and phases of all complex coherent light to obtain a spectrogram of a target, and finally image reconstruction is completed through inverse Fourier transform.
The effect of the invention can be further illustrated by carrying out simulation.
Table 1: and (3) a sectional type plane imaging system simulation data table.
| Parameter(s) | Numerical value | Unit of |
| Wavelength of operation | 1550 | nm |
| Object distance | 300 | |
| Lens diameter | ||
| 1 | mm | |
| Number of interference arms of lens | 45 | An |
| Number of lenses of single interference arm | 30 | An |
| |
1 | mm |
The existing sectional type plane imaging system and the invention use the parameters in table 1 to simulate, the original simulation image is shown in fig. 3, and the existing sectional type plane imaging system is simulated by three sampling modes of low-frequency intensive sampling, equidistant uniform sampling and high-frequency intensive sampling. Because the invention can realize the free combination of the base lines, the invention can acquire the frequency corresponding to the integral multiple shortest base line length from 1 to 29, and the embodiment simulates the sampling.
By comparing fig. 4 with fig. 5, 6 and 7, it can be seen that if the static and slowly changing target is detected, the present invention can obtain more frequency information, and the reconstruction effect of the target image is better.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A segmented planar imaging system based on optical switches,
the device comprises a lens array, a photonic integrated circuit and an image processing module;
the lens array comprises M × N lenses, N is a column, and M is the number of lenses in each column; n is an integer greater than 1, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 4;
the photonic integrated circuit comprises M x N waveguide transmission lines and a plurality of balanced four-quadrature detectors; the M-N lenses are connected with M-N waveguide transmission lines in a one-to-one correspondence mode, namely one lens is connected with one waveguide transmission line; an optical switch capable of regulating and controlling the on-off of the waveguide is arranged behind the waveguide transmission line; the waveguide transmission line is connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector, and the balanced four-orthogonal detector is connected with an image processing module.
2. An optical switch-based segmented planar imaging system as claimed in claim 1 wherein M lenses in each column of lenses are arranged in a compact, gapless configuration; the M lenses are divided into 3 parts, namely a base lens, a low-frequency part lens and a high-frequency part lens, wherein the base lens comprises 1 lens, the low-frequency part lens comprises n lenses, and the high-frequency part lens comprises 2n lenses.
3. An optical switch based segmented planar imaging system according to claim 2 wherein said base lens splits light into a first waveguide and a second waveguide through a 1 x 2 coupler; the low-frequency part lens splits light to a third waveguide and a fourth waveguide through an n multiplied by 2 optical switch; the high-frequency part lens splits light to a fifth waveguide and a sixth waveguide through a 2n multiplied by 2 optical switch; the first waveguide and the third waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of low-frequency sampling, the second waveguide and the fifth waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of high-frequency sampling, the fourth waveguide and the sixth waveguide are respectively connected with a balanced four-orthogonal detector in charge of intermediate-frequency sampling, and the balanced four-orthogonal detector is connected with the image processing module.
4. The optical switch based segmented planar imaging system of claim 3, wherein for single band imaging, the photonic integrated circuit for each column of lenses has only three balanced quad quadrature detectors, the base lens is connected to the balanced quad quadrature detectors through a first waveguide, and the low frequency portion lens is connected to the balanced quad quadrature detectors through a third waveguide; the base lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a second waveguide, and the high-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a fifth waveguide; the low-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a fourth waveguide, and the high-frequency part lens is connected with the balanced four-orthogonal detector through a sixth waveguide.
5. The segmented planar imaging system based on optical switches of claim 3, wherein for multi-band imaging, the photonic integrated circuit for each column of lenses has six arrayed waveguide gratings and 3 x m balanced four-quadrature detectors, the arrayed waveguide gratings and the balanced four-quadrature detectors correspond to each other, and m is the array waveguide grating splitting number.
6. A sectional type plane imaging method based on an optical switch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: two optical switches behind each row of lenses respectively open one waveguide channel, and the other channels are closed;
s2: the incident light received by the base lens is divided into two beams, and the lens corresponding to the waveguide channel in the open state receives the incident light and is divided into two beams by the optical switch; one incident light beam of the base lens, one incident light beam of the low-frequency lens part, one incident light beam of the base lens, one incident light beam of the high-frequency lens part, one incident light beam of the low-frequency lens part and one incident light beam of the high-frequency lens part are respectively transmitted into three balanced four-orthogonal detectors through waveguides so as to obtain intensity information of complex coherent light;
s3: the image processing module processes the intensity information of the complex phase coherent light obtained by the balanced four-orthogonal detector into amplitude and phase information and stores the amplitude and phase information;
s4: repeating the steps S1, S2 and S3, and detecting all base lines which can be formed by the lens;
s5: and the image processing module combines the stored amplitude and phase information of all the complex coherent light to obtain a target spectrogram, and finally completes image reconstruction through inverse Fourier transform.
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