CN113126191A - Optical device and optical system - Google Patents
Optical device and optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113126191A CN113126191A CN202110460495.6A CN202110460495A CN113126191A CN 113126191 A CN113126191 A CN 113126191A CN 202110460495 A CN202110460495 A CN 202110460495A CN 113126191 A CN113126191 A CN 113126191A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/09—Multifaceted or polygonal mirrors, e.g. polygonal scanning mirrors; Fresnel mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/11—Anti-reflection coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/10—Mirrors with curved faces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
Abstract
The present invention provides an optical device and an optical system, including: a plurality of curved surfaces, the plurality of curved surfaces satisfying the following condition: the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point, the optical center or the bright point of one of the curved surfaces is modulated by the curved surface are the same as or within a preset first deviation range with the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point, the optical center or the bright point of the curved surface is modulated by the adjacent curved surface of the curved surface; the focal points, optical centers or even-bright points of the plurality of curved surfaces are not completely overlapped, or the axes of the plurality of curved surfaces are not completely parallel. By changing the surface type parameters of each curved surface, the optical center or the focal point or the collimation point and the axis of each curved surface are designed, and the light rays with higher off-axis angles can still form images with better quality.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of optical devices, and in particular, to an optical device and an optical system.
Background
Conventional optical devices typically have a single continuous surface and define optical center, focus, homogeneous spot, optical axis, etc. In some applications, in order to reduce the thickness of the device, fresnel lens design can be adopted, and the principle is realized by compressing the original optical surface into a discrete section of curved surface, but the focus of each section of curved surface is generally the same as that of the original surface. As disclosed in patent document CN101609198, a light gathering reflector and an application device are disclosed, in which a plurality of reflectors having the same structure and a small area are used instead of a plurality of concave mirrors having a large area. In some applications where there are large off-axis angles, this design approach tends to introduce large errors for off-axis rays.
In another type of optical device, such as a micro lens array, each sub-lens is an independent unit, and there is generally no relation between the sub-lenses, and it is not required that light rays with the same characteristics pass through adjacent lenses to generate similar characteristics (for example, parallel light rays passing through the lens array are focused to respective focuses of lenses, rather than a single focus of a single lens).
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides an optical device and an optical system.
According to the present invention, there is provided an optical device comprising: a plurality of curved surfaces, the plurality of curved surfaces satisfying the following condition:
the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point, the optical center or the collimated point of one of the curved surfaces is modulated by the curved surface are the same as or within a preset first deviation range, where the first deviation may be a deviation of the characteristics of the light (such as the focusing position, the size of the focusing position distributed on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, the spot size, the divergence angle, the deflection angle, the diopter, the aberration of the light forming spherical aberration, the center/optical center of the spot, and the like at a certain position) relative to a preset value, for example, the first deviation is that the spot GEO radius at the focusing position is smaller than 2um, or the included angle between the output light is smaller than 0.001 °;
the focal points, optical centers and/or lighting points of the plurality of curved surfaces do not fully coincide, and/or the axes of the plurality of curved surfaces are not fully parallel.
Preferably, the focal point, the optical center or the flare point of the plurality of curved surfaces varies along a preset trajectory.
Preferably, the axes of the plurality of curved surfaces rotate or translate along a predetermined point or line.
Preferably, the optical characteristics include: the focus position (focal point) of the light ray, the optical center (for example, Rms center of a spot formed by the light ray at a certain position), the aperture, the diopter, the deflection angle and the divergence angle.
Preferably, the axes of the curved surfaces are axes of symmetry (some curved surfaces may have multiple axes of symmetry, such as an ellipse), optical axes, or axes of curvature.
Preferably, the cross-sectional curve of the curved surface is a circle, an ellipse, a parabola or a hyperbola.
Preferably, the curved surface is formed by rotating a curve along a point or a line, or is formed by translating a curve along a certain direction.
Preferably, the expression of the section curve of the curved surface is
Wherein z and r are respectively coordinates corresponding to the curve on the cross section, c, k, apIs the parameter of the curve, n is the highest order of the high-order term, and p is the ordinal number.
Preferably, a plane having a preset angle with the curved surface is disposed between the plurality of curved surfaces.
Preferably, part or all of the curved surface is plated with a reflective film.
Preferably, a polarizing film is coated on a part or all of the area of the curved surface, light rays in accordance with a preset polarization direction are transmitted through the curved surface, and light rays in a polarization direction orthogonal to the preset polarization direction are reflected by the curved surface.
Preferably, a reflection increasing film is coated on part or all of the curved surface, so that light rays with a preset proportion are reflected, and the rest of light rays are transmitted.
Preferably, one face of the optical device is glued or bonded with another optical device having a face type complementary to the optical device.
Preferably, the refractive index of the material of the further optical component is the same as the optical component or within a predetermined second deviation range.
Preferably, the other optical device has a certain diopter with respect to the surface of the optical device, or a lens with diopter or a transparent controllable spatial light modulator (such as a liquid crystal lens, a phase modulation LCD, etc.) can be adhered on the surface of the other optical device with respect to the optical device
Preferably, the curved surface is filled with glue with the same refractive index as the material of the optical device or within a preset third deviation range.
Preferably, the surface of the glue opposite to the curved surface has a predetermined surface shape.
Preferably, the surface type has a predetermined optical power.
According to the present invention there is provided an optical system comprising a plurality of said optical devices.
According to the invention, an optical system is provided, comprising said optical device, further comprising a spatial light modulator for dynamically modulating the optical wavefront. The spatial light modulator may be arranged outside the glued/bonded further optical device to modulate only ambient light (e.g. to compensate for errors such as myopia, astigmatism of the viewer's eye) or may be arranged between the imaging device and the optical path of the optical device to modulate the image light. Or may be arranged between the optics and the viewer for modulating the image light and the ambient light simultaneously. Or a plurality of spatial light modulators may be simultaneously disposed at different positions for modulating the image light and the ambient light, respectively. The spatial light modulator can be a device such as a dynamic modulation LCoS, an LCD, an LC lens and the like, and can also be a device such as a static liquid crystal lens, a grating and the like.
According to the invention, an optical system is provided, comprising an optical device, and further comprising a waveguide, at least one end of which is connected to the optical device.
Preferably, different areas of the surface of the waveguide are coated with films with different refractive indexes, for example, the whole surface is divided into two parts, one part is not coated with a film, the other part is divided into a plurality of areas, and the areas are respectively coated with films with different refractive indexes.
Preferably, different areas of the surface of the waveguide are plated with film layers with different refractive indexes, the surfaces of the device and the waveguide can be plated with antireflection films according to the different refractive indexes of the film layers in the corresponding areas, different areas can be plated with different antireflection films, and the surfaces of the whole waveguide and the device can be plated with the same antireflection film system.
Preferably, a region with a certain optical power is preset on the surface of the waveguide opposite to the optical device or an optical device with a certain optical power is connected with the waveguide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an optical device composed of a plurality of curved surfaces, wherein the optical center or focus or collimation point of each curved surface is not coincident with the adjacent curved surface, and the central axes (if any) of each curved surface are not parallel (the included angles between the curved surfaces change according to a certain rule). The optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focus or the optical center or the bright point of one of the curved surfaces is modulated by the curved surface are similar to the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the point is modulated by the curved surface adjacent curved surface, or one optical characteristic of the output light after at least one light passing through the focus of one of the curved surfaces is modulated by the curved surface is the same as one optical characteristic (focusing position, angle and the like) of the output light after at least another light passing through the point is modulated by the curved surface adjacent curved surface or is within a preset first deviation range. By changing the surface type parameters of each curved surface, the optical center or the focal point or the collimation point and the axis of each curved surface are designed, and the light rays with higher off-axis angles can still form images with better quality.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1, 2a, 2b and 3 are schematic diagrams of the structure and the optical path of the optical device in embodiment 1 of the present invention, respectively;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the device;
FIG. 5a is a schematic structural view of example 2;
FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of the optical path in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure and optical path of embodiment 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a modified structure and optical path in example 3;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a modified structure and an optical path in embodiment 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An optical device is composed of 100 intersecting curved surfaces with similar surface shapes, which are simplified into four curved surfaces with reference to fig. 2. As shown in fig. 2a, the first curved surface 1 intersects 2, the second curved surface 2 intersects the first curved surface 1 and the third curved surface 3, the third curved surface 3 intersects the second curved surface 2, the fourth curved surface 4, and so on. The section of each curved surface adopts a parabola, the curved surface is obtained by rotating the parabola around a symmetry axis, the focus of the parabola is the Qiminng point, and the symmetry axis of the parabola is the central axis of the curved surface. The zimmine points of adjacent curved surfaces may be designed to vary along a certain trajectory, with the central axis/symmetry axis (if any) of adjacent curved surfaces being non-parallel (varying at an angle). After the plurality of adjacent curved surfaces are coated with the reflecting film, light rays passing through the collimation point of the first curved surface 1 (which can be formed by rotating a part of line segment without a vertex at the edge of the parabola) are incident to the first curved surface 1 and are reflected, then all the light rays are parallel to the central axis of the first curved surface 1 and are emitted, and after part of light rays passing through the collimation point of the first curved surface 1 are incident to the adjacent second curved surface 2, because the collimation point of the second curved surface 2 is not overlapped with the collimation point of the first curved surface 1, the light rays are equivalent to light rays emitted from a point which generates a certain offset to the collimation point of the second curved surface 2 for the second curved surface 2, and the angle of the reflected light rays forms a certain angle with the central axis of the second curved surface 2. Because the central axis of the second curved surface 2 is not parallel to the first curved surface 1, the angle between the central axis of the second curved surface 2 and the central axis of the first curved surface 1 can be designed to be combined with the focal length (the distance from the vertex of the parabola to the focal point) of the curved surfaces, so that the angle of the light which is collimated by the first curved surface 1 and reflected by the second curved surface 2 is approximately parallel to the angle of the light which passes through the same point and is reflected by the first curved surface 1, and the aberration is minimum. Compared with a curved surface formed by rotating a complete parabola, the design has the advantages that when a light ray with a larger off-axis angle (such as a bundle of parallel light) enters a single curved surface, the convergent point of the light ray (such as a bundle of parallel light) has a larger deviation (with a large aberration) from the collimation point (on the central axis of the single curved surface), while a part of the light ray (such as a bundle of parallel light) corresponding to 100 independent curved surfaces and having a larger off-axis angle passes through one curved surface collimation point of the 100 curved surfaces (the light ray passing through the collimation point has no aberration, for example, the light ray passing through the collimation point of the first curved surface 1 exits without aberration after entering the first curved surface 1, and the optical path is reversed), and after the other part of the light ray enters an adjacent curved surface (such as the second curved surface 2), the distance from the convergent point to the collimation point of the adjacent curved surface is also far smaller than the distance from the convergent point of the part of the light ray to the single curved surface (actually, a light spot with a certain size, the aberrations will be greatly reduced and with this design the aberrations will be effectively reduced at least in part of the total device area.
In a variant of the above embodiment, the section of each curved surface may also be a curve based on a parabola, with higher order terms added, for example expressed as,
where k is a conic coefficient, k ═ 1 when the curve is parabolic, and k ∈ (-1, 0) uch (0, 1) when the curve is elliptic, although the conic coefficient k may take any value greater than 1 or less than-1 as required, and apIs a height corresponding to the curveThe order term coefficient. By setting different c, k, a for each corresponding section curvepThe design structure can be optimized and the aberration can be reduced by the aid of the parameters and the angles of the rotating coordinate system z and y.
The cross section of the curved surface in the above embodiments may also be an ellipse, and the curved surface is a torus formed by rotating an elliptic curve around a straight line (for example, a long axis or a short axis of the ellipse, or any straight line in a coordinate system). As shown in fig. 2b, the input light passing through the focus of the ellipse (the ziming point) will be focused to another focus of the ellipse to be emitted, the whole input object plane is located on the track formed by linking the focuses on one side of the elliptic curved surfaces, and the modulated input light will be focused on the track formed by another focus of the plurality of curved surfaces.
It should be noted that each individual surface described in the above embodiments may form only a small portion of the surface with a complete mathematical expression, for example, the cross section may be only a small segment of a complete parabola that does not include the vertex of the parabola on one side (although a symmetric segment including the vertex may be used), the small segment itself is not symmetric (the symmetric segment along the central axis is omitted and is not designed in the device), and the light incident on the surface at the focus thereof has a large off-axis angle (relative to the optical axis/central axis/symmetric axis formed from the focus of the parabola to the vertex).
In the above embodiments, the surface of the device may be coated with an antireflection film or a non-reflection film instead of a reflection film, and the device may be used as a transmissive device.
The optical device in the above embodiments may be applied to optical instruments such as a microscope and a telescope, and may also be applied to near-eye display systems such as AR/VR.
Example 2
An optical device, 20x20x1mm in size, is formed by gluing or bonding two optical devices, one surface of which comprises a plurality of curved surfaces. One of the devices (the first device 5, as shown in fig. 5) includes about 2000 annular curved surfaces (similar to the annular surface in fig. 4) with a size of about 0.01 × 20 × 0.01mm, wherein the base surface of each curved surface is a paraboloid (higher order terms can be added during design, cone coefficients and curvatures can be adjusted, etc.), and the design of the whole device is similar to that of embodiment 1. The difference from embodiment 1 is that the surface of the first device 5 formed by a plurality of curved surfaces in this embodiment is coated with a polarizing reflective film, which reflects light of a specific polarization direction (e.g., S-polarization) and transmits light of other polarization directions (e.g., P-polarization). Another difference from embodiment 1 is that the device further comprises a second device 6, one surface of which has a surface shape complementary to the surface of the first device 5 comprising a plurality of curved surfaces (as shown in fig. 5 a), and the two surfaces are bonded together by gluing (or bonding), so that the first device 5 and the second device 6 together form the device in this embodiment. The second device 6 is made of a material (such as PC, PMMA or optical glass) similar or identical to that of the first device 5.
In AR-like applications, the device in this embodiment may function as a modulating image and combiner (combining image light and ambient light as shown in fig. 5 b). Where the image light is generated by an imaging device (e.g., LCOS, SLM, Micro LED, DLP, OLED, MEMS SCANNER, etc.) and then input, it can be modulated to a specific polarization direction (e.g., linear polarization, S polarization), and the ambient light is generally fully polarized, then light of one polarization direction (e.g., S polarization) will be reflected and light of the other polarization direction (e.g., P polarization) will be transmitted and thus combined with the image light. Since the refractive indices of the first component 5 and the second component 6 are similar or identical, the surfaces thereof which are not glued/bonded can be designed to be flat, so that ambient light passing through the component, like a piece of flat glass, is not substantially affected by the imaging of the environment in the human eye. The polarizing film can be a grating polarizing film or a polarizing film composed of a multilayer medium.
In a modification of this embodiment, the surface of the first device 5 including the plurality of curved surfaces may be coated with a coating having a light transmittance ratio and a light reflectance ratio (e.g., 60% reflectance and 40% transmittance) without using a polarizing type coating. In some special designs, the part of the image light which is transmitted after being incident on the curved surface of the first device 5 is incident on other surfaces (other curved surfaces or surfaces of the second device 6) again can be reflected or transmitted to other directions and cannot return to the combined optical path, and the image cannot be interfered by stray light. Similarly, the ambient light can be made to enter the curved surface of the first device 5 and then reflected, and then the reflected portion enters another surface (another curved surface or the surface of the second device 6) again, and then the reflected portion will be reflected or transmitted to another direction and cannot return to the combined optical path, so that the reflected portion will not be stray light to interfere imaging.
In a modification of this embodiment, a selective plating process may be used to plate a portion of each curved surface (a metal-plated reflective film or a polarizing film or a partially reflective film) on the first device 5 including a plurality of curved surfaces, thereby achieving a function of partial image light reflection imaging, and partial ambient light also being transmitted to image and combine the image light. The film coating can be realized by using a mask similar to a semiconductor process to shield the part which does not need the film coating, or a protective layer is firstly manufactured by using photoresist in the area which does not need the film coating (by using the mask and a photoetching process), the photoresist is washed off after the whole surface is coated with the required film layer, and thus the purpose of coating the part of the area is realized by washing off the film layer on the photoresist.
In a modification of this embodiment, a planar structure with a certain angle may be periodically inserted between the curved surfaces in the surface profile of the plurality of curved surfaces of the first device 5. Since image light is generally incident at a large angle (see fig. 3 and 5b), if the angle of the plane with respect to the incident image light is controlled during design, the image light may be incident only on the curved structure without being incident on the inserted plane. For example, as shown in fig. 3, the included angles between the inserted planes and the image object plane (in this case, the object plane is the same as the plane) are greater than a certain value, so that the incident light generated by the object plane can only be incident on the curved structure and not incident on the inserted plane structure. When the structure is used, the metal reflecting film can be plated on the curved surface structure only, and the inserted plane structure is not plated with the reflecting film, so that all image light can be ensured to be reflected and imaged by the curved surface, and the lighting effect can be improved. Meanwhile, part of the ambient light will penetrate through the uncoated plane structure to be combined with the image light, and the other part of the ambient light will be reflected by the curved surface. There are two different types of light in the reflected ambient light. One type of reflected ambient light returns and exits from the incident surface of the second device 6, and does not affect the observation of the imaging of human eyes, and the other type of reflected ambient light transmits the adjacent plane structure to enter the adjacent curved surface and then is reflected and combined to enter the human eyes, because the curved surface structure is small (the width of 0.01mm in the example) and the adjacent curved surface types are very close, the light rays similar to the part are reflected by the two approximately parallel surfaces for 2 times (the original angle of the light rays cannot be changed), so the aberration formed by the light rays which are reflected for 1 time and exit from the adjacent curved surface is very small, and the final imaging quality cannot be affected. It is of course also possible by special design of the curved surface and the intervening plane to have only the first type of reflected light or only the second type of reflected light for that part of the ambient light that is reflected by the curved surface.
In addition, the insertion plane has the advantages that the included angle of the junction of the adjacent curved surfaces can be conveniently controlled, and the processing is convenient.
The surface of the second component 6 that is not glued/bonded in a variant of this embodiment can also be designed as a curved surface (with a certain power) to correct the aberrations present in the viewer's own eye (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, etc.) so as to perform a function equivalent to spectacles for the external ambient light.
In a modification of this embodiment, the second component 6 may be made by casting a material (e.g., optical cement, uv cement, molten plastic material, etc.) having a refractive index similar to or the same as that of the first component 5 onto the first component 5. For example, the ultraviolet sensitive optical adhesive with the same refractive index as the first device 5 is directly filled on the surface of the first device 5 including a plurality of curved surfaces, the ultraviolet sensitive optical adhesive is slightly higher than the highest point (for example, 0.1mm) of the curved surfaces of the first device 5 after being spun or scraped, and then the ultraviolet sensitive optical adhesive is exposed and cured by an ultraviolet lamp. The above manufacturing process can also be manufactured by pressing a mold with a special shape on the rubber material and then exposing. After demolding, the surface of the rubber material back to the first device 5 forms a surface shape (which can have a certain focal power) of the mold, so that the aberration of human eyes to the ambient light can be calibrated, and the function of the glasses is realized.
All the coatings mentioned in this embodiment may also be plated on the surface of the second component 6 (the surface glued or bonded to the first component 5) instead of on the surface of the first component 5.
Example 3
An optical system comprising 2 pieces of the optical device described in embodiments 1 and 2 comprising a plurality of curved surfaces, the plurality of curved surfaces being of a paraboloid-like shape, as shown in fig. 6. Incident image light rays are parallel light rays with different angles at infinite image distance, are modulated by the device (defined as the first device in this example) described in embodiment 1, are focused into an intermediate image plane in the middle of the optical path of the device (defined as the second device in this example) described in embodiment 2, are transmitted to the device described in embodiment 2, are modulated again to emit parallel light rays with different angles at almost infinite image distance, and ambient light can be viewed by a viewer through the combination of the second device and the image light rays. The device with the two similar sheet shapes of the first device and the second device can further reduce aberration and improve imaging quality. In addition, the first and second devices modulate the image light in a reflection mode, and the reflection mode has the advantages that chromatic aberration cannot be generated, and the influence caused by chromatic aberration can be effectively reduced for a color image. With this feature, when other optics are included in the system (e.g. optics for modulating the image between the first device and the imaging device to compensate for aberrations), the reflective type of device may be selected as much as possible to avoid chromatic aberrations.
In a variation of this embodiment, the first device may also employ a transmission mirror composed of a plurality of curved surfaces to achieve the complementary aberration with the second device.
In a modification of this embodiment, the plurality of curved surfaces may have a surface shape with a cross section approximating a hyperbolic curve, and the emitted image may be modulated to a finite distance.
In a variation of this embodiment, the plurality of curved surfaces of the first device may be shaped like elliptical surfaces, the plurality of curved surfaces of the second device may be shaped like paraboloids or hyperboloids, and the imaging device may be disposed directly adjacent to the locus of the focal points of the plurality of ellipses, and the locus of the focal points of the plurality of curved surfaces of the second device may be disposed adjacent to the locus of the focal points on the other side of the plurality of ellipses. The good place is that because the imaging devices are generally of pixel point structures, no new optical device needs to be added to modulate the image light output by the pixel points into parallel light with a certain angle and then the parallel light is guided into the first device. In a variation of this embodiment, a waveguide 7 (e.g., 80x40x4mm) may also be added, as shown in fig. 7. The waveguide has the function of compressing the volume of an optical path and reducing the size of the system. In this example, the image light output by the imaging device is modulated and then guided into the waveguide, a polarizing prism, a TIR prism, a triangular prism, etc. can be used to connect the imaging device and the waveguide (the imaging device can be glued on one surface of the prism), if a reflective imaging device such as LCOS, DMD, MEMS SCANNER, etc. requiring an external light source is used, a light source can be connected on one surface of the prism, or a reflector with a certain surface shape can be glued on other side surfaces of the prism to modulate the image light and then guide into the waveguide, wherein the refractive index of the material used by the prism can be close to or the same as that of the waveguide, the image light entering the waveguide is modulated by the first device and then totally reflected in the waveguide, and an intermediate image surface is formed inside the. After multiple total reflections, the light is input into a second device, modulated and reflected out of the waveguide device and enters human eyes. The ambient light enters human eyes after passing through the second device and the optical waveguide and the image light combining path. In this case, the image light can be compensated for by modulation before being introduced into the waveguide, taking into account the imperfections of the human eye (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, etc.), so as to be normally viewed by viewers of different degrees of myopia or astigmatism. Ambient light can be compensated by making a face type with a certain power on the surface of the second device facing the external environment (as described in example 2) or by adding an additional lens in addition to the second device. As shown in fig. 8, in a variant of this embodiment, it is also possible to glue or bond a lens 8 with a certain power to the surface of the waveguide facing the eye, or to directly manufacture the relevant area of this surface of the waveguide into a surface shape with a certain power, so as to compensate for the defects of the eye itself. The advantage of using this scheme is that ambient light and image light can be compensated simultaneously without additional compensation for image light.
In a variation of this embodiment, the first device may also use a common lens or mirror instead of the device formed by multiple curved surfaces as described in the present invention, and the system couples the image light into the waveguide in a certain way (e.g. adding a triangular prism or a grating when using a lens scheme).
In a modification of this embodiment, film layers with different refractive indexes may be further coated on partial regions of the waveguide surface in contact with the first device and the second device, and the outgoing position of the light is controlled by the angle of the incident light (the light with a larger angle is reflected totally in the waveguide continuously in some regions because the refractive index of the surface film layer is smaller, and the angle of the light ray is larger than the critical angle until reaching the region with a larger surface refractive index, the critical angle is increased, and the optical angle is smaller than the critical angle for outgoing), so as to avoid the problem that the light ray is emitted at an incorrect position in the waveguide, thereby reducing the thickness of the waveguide. And antireflection films are also plated between the surface of the waveguide and the film layers with different refractive indexes and between the film layers with different refractive indexes and the first device and the second device, so that the light transmittance is increased.
In a modification of this embodiment, a spatial light modulator for phase modulation (which can dynamically simulate any curved surface or modulate any wavefront) may be further added, the dynamic modulation of the image light output by the imaging device is realized through electric signal control, the function of dynamically changing the image distance seen by the viewer (which may be one distance in one frame image or an object containing a plurality of different distances in one frame image) is realized, and the conditions of different users' eyes (different myopia degrees, astigmatism degrees, etc.) are compensated through software parameter setting. The spatial light modulator may be arranged between the imaging device and the waveguide, or may be directly glued to the surface of the waveguide as the first device or the second device, or may directly replace the first device with the spatial light modulator (for example, using a phase modulation LCOS-type device), simulating the modulation of the first device on the input light wave front. Compared with diffraction type waveguides (SRG, volume grating and the like) and array type waveguides (formed by prism splicing) which are mainstream in the industry, the multi-curved-surface optical device has no problem of pupil splicing, and the problem that the two types of waveguides can only be suitable for images at a specific distance (generally, the two types of waveguides are suitable for imaging infinite parallel light, and the problems that image strips are broken, pupils are overlapped, images are blurred and the like can occur after the images with the closer object distances are led in) is avoided.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (22)
1. An optical device, comprising: a plurality of curved surfaces, the plurality of curved surfaces satisfying the following condition:
the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point and/or the optical center and/or the lighting point of one curved surface in the plurality of curved surfaces is modulated by the curved surface are the same as or within a preset first deviation range with the optical characteristics of the output light after the light passing through the focal point and/or the optical center and/or the lighting point of the curved surface is modulated by the adjacent curved surface of the curved surface;
the focal points and/or optical centers and/or lighting points of the plurality of curved surfaces do not all coincide, and/or the axes of the plurality of curved surfaces are not all parallel.
2. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the focal points and/or optical centers and/or the pinches of the plurality of curved surfaces vary along a predetermined trajectory.
3. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the axis of the curved surface rotates or translates along a predetermined point or line.
4. The optical device of claim 1, wherein the optical characteristic comprises: any one or any plurality of focus position, optical center, aperture, diopter, deflection angle, divergence angle, aberration.
5. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the axis of the curved surface is an axis of symmetry or an axis of an optical axis or an axis with a curved surface profile.
6. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional curve of the curved surface is a circle or an ellipse or a parabola or a hyperbola.
7. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the curved surface is formed by a curve rotated along a point or a line, or by a curve translated in a direction.
8. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein the expression of the cross-sectional curve of the curved surface is
Wherein z and r are respectively coordinates corresponding to the curve on the cross section, c, k, apIs the parameter of the curve, n is the order of the highest order term of the curve, and p is the ordinal number.
9. The optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plane having a predetermined angle with the curved surface is disposed between the plurality of curved surfaces.
10. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein part or all of the area of the curved surface is coated with a reflective film.
11. The optical device according to claim 1, wherein a part or all of the area of the curved surface is coated with a polarizing film, light rays conforming to a predetermined polarization direction are transmitted through the curved surface, and light rays having a polarization direction orthogonal to the predetermined polarization direction are reflected by the curved surface.
12. The optical device of claim 1, wherein part or all of the curved surface is coated with a reflection enhancing film to reflect a predetermined proportion of light rays and transmit the remaining light rays.
13. An optical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein one face of the optical device is glued or bonded with another optical device of face type complementary to the optical device.
14. The optical device according to claim 13, wherein the material refractive index of the further optical device is the same as the optical device or within a preset second deviation range.
15. The optical device as claimed in claim 13, wherein the curved surface is filled with glue having a refractive index equal to or within a predetermined third deviation range of a material of the optical device.
16. The optical device according to claim 13 or 15, wherein the surface of the further optical device opposite to the surface of the optical device bonded or glued to the optical device has a predetermined surface type, or the surface of the further optical device opposite to the surface of the optical device bonded or glued to the optical device is glued/bonded with a spatial light modulator, or the surface of the glue opposite to the curved surface has a predetermined surface type after curing.
17. The optical device of claim 16, wherein the facet shape has a predetermined optical power.
18. An optical system comprising a plurality of optical devices of claim 1.
19. An optical system comprising the optical device of claim 1, and further comprising a spatial light modulator for dynamically modulating the wavefront of light.
20. An optical system comprising the optical device of claim 1, further comprising a waveguide having at least one end connected to the optical device.
21. The optical system of claim 20, wherein different regions of the surface of the waveguide are coated with layers having different refractive indices.
22. An optical system according to claim 20, characterized in that a region of optical power or an optical device with optical power is present on the surface of the waveguide opposite the optical device.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110460495.6A CN113126191B (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Optical device and optical system |
| PCT/CN2022/083331 WO2022227977A1 (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-03-28 | Optical device and optical system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110460495.6A CN113126191B (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Optical device and optical system |
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| CN113126191A true CN113126191A (en) | 2021-07-16 |
| CN113126191B CN113126191B (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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| CN202110460495.6A Active CN113126191B (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Optical device and optical system |
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| CN (1) | CN113126191B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022227977A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022227977A1 (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-11-03 | 上海慧希电子科技有限公司 | Optical device and optical system |
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| WO2022227977A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
| CN113126191B (en) | 2023-06-27 |
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