CN113125677A - Control experiment device and method for research on redistribution of water and/or nutrients - Google Patents
Control experiment device and method for research on redistribution of water and/or nutrients Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control experiment device and a control experiment method for research on redistribution of water and/or nutrients. The control experiment device comprises an ecosystem simulation unit and a base; the ecological system simulation unit is arranged at the upper part of the base, and a bottom support is arranged between the ecological system simulation unit and the base; a liquid collector is arranged on the lower portion of the bottom support in the base, a liquid collecting pipe is connected to the bottom of the liquid collector, and the other end of the liquid collecting pipe extends to the outside of the base through a liquid collecting pipe guide hole formed in the side wall of the base. The control experiment device is suitable for researching the water redistribution process, the nutrient redistribution process, the soil water flow, the nutrient flow and the like under the simulation conditions of different soil types, different plant types and various small ecosystems, can obtain accurate data such as the soil water redistribution ratio, the nutrient redistribution ratio of soil nitrogen and the like, and provides scientific basis for accurately researching and predicting the water dynamic state and the nutrient dynamic state of the ecosystems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control experimental device and a control experimental method for research on redistribution of water and/or nutrients, and belongs to the technical field of ecological science research.
Background
The redistribution of water is a complex biophysical process with high heterogeneity and is universally existed in various ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, sand lands, farmlands and the like, and the redistribution of soluble nutrients in soil is realized along with the upward or downward movement of water, so that the biogeochemical cycle process is influenced. Therefore, redistribution action has an important role in the moisture flow and nutrient flow of the ecosystem, and researchers often study the magnitude and trend of redistribution occurrence by combining technical means such as control experiments and isotope labeling and combine the magnitude and trend into an ecosystem model, so as to study and predict the moisture dynamics and nutrient dynamics of the ecosystem more accurately, and therefore, a control experiment device capable of achieving the purpose is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control experimental device capable of quantitatively researching downward redistribution of water and/or nutrients, which is suitable for researching water redistribution processes, nutrient redistribution processes, soil water flow, nutrient flow and the like under simulation conditions of different soil types, different plant types and multiple small ecosystems, can obtain accurate data such as soil water redistribution rate, soil nitrogen redistribution rate and the like, and provides scientific basis for accurately researching and predicting water dynamics and nutrient dynamics of the ecosystems.
The invention provides a control experimental device for research on redistribution of moisture and/or nutrients, which comprises an ecological system simulation unit and a base;
the ecological system simulation unit is arranged at the upper part of the base, and a bottom support is arranged between the ecological system simulation unit and the base;
the base in the lower part of collet is equipped with a liquid trap, a collector tube is connected to the bottom of liquid trap, the other end of collector tube passes through the collector tube guide hole that sets up on the lateral wall of base extends to the outside of base.
In the control experiment device, the ecosystem simulation unit is a cylindrical barrel and is used for simulating a small ecosystem according to experiment requirements, such as planting plants, cultivating soil crusts, containing various types of soil and the like;
the outer wall of the glass can be made of various materials such as PVC, toughened glass, transparent resin and the like;
the pipe diameter can be freely adjusted according to experiment requirements, and is preferably 10 cm-50 cm.
In the above control experiment apparatus, the bottom support mainly has the following functions: 1) separating an ecosystem simulation unit and a base; 2) preventing soil in the ecological system simulation unit from entering the base according to experimental requirements; 3) filtering certain substances such as biological residues, soil impurities and the like according to experimental requirements; 4) absorbing certain ions such as ammonium ions, nitrate ions and the like according to experimental requirements;
therefore, the bottom support can be made of geotextile, geomembrane, a drainage plate, a filter screen and/or a filter membrane.
In the control experiment device, the liquid collector is a liquid collecting funnel;
the liquid collection funnel and the base are integrally formed;
the base with the material of liquid trap is PVC, toughened glass, transparent resin, inorganic glass, organic glass or plastics.
Among the foretell control experimental apparatus, control experimental apparatus still include one with collector tube complex collecting bottle for collect the follow soil seepage liquid that collects in the base, the convenient change can take the scale to show the volume of seepage liquid in real time simultaneously.
When the device is used for researching the downward redistribution of water and/or nutrients, the method can be carried out according to the following steps:
s1, placing an ecosystem to be researched into the ecosystem simulation unit in the control experiment device;
s2, placing the control experiment device in an experiment sample plot, and applying water and/or nutrients into the ecological system simulation unit; under physical action and biological action, water and/or nutrients permeate downwards, soil seepage liquid sequentially passes through the bottom support, the liquid collector and the liquid collecting pipe, the soil seepage liquid is collected from one end of the liquid collecting pipe, and the content of the water and/or the nutrients is obtained by analyzing the soil seepage liquid; important data such as the composition of nutrients such as water and/or nitrogen can be obtained;
the nutrients comprise major elements such as nitrogen and the like or minor elements such as calcium, iron and the like;
spraying water and/or nutrients by using a spraying pot.
The experimental device provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method has multiple purposes, and can be used for developing research on redistribution of water and nutrients of different soil types (loam, sandy soil and the like), different plant types (herbs, shrubs, arbors and the like) and small ecological systems (such as small arbors-herbaceous plant communities, single herbaceous communities and the like).
(2) The degree of accuracy is high, and integrated into one piece's collection liquid funnel can ensure that the soil seepage liquid in the ecosystem unit of upper portion obtains comprehensively, accurately collecting.
(3) The material and the composition of the bottom support can be flexibly adjusted according to the experimental requirements, and if only soil needs to be isolated, coarse cloth can be selected; if root resistance is required, geotextile can be selected; if filtering is needed, a filter screen can be selected; if directed ion screening is desired, a filter membrane can be selected specifically.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram (exploded) of a control experimental apparatus for moisture and/or nutrient redistribution studies according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a base with a liquid collecting funnel in the control experimental device for research on redistribution of moisture and/or nutrients.
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the application of the control experiment apparatus for moisture and/or nutrient redistribution studies of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the results of a nitrogen redistribution study using the control experiment apparatus of the present invention.
The respective symbols in the figure are as follows:
the ecological system comprises an ecological system simulation unit 1, a base 2, a base 3, a liquid collecting funnel 3-1, a liquid collecting pipe guide hole 3-2, a liquid collecting pipe 4 and a liquid collecting bottle 5.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified.
Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
As shown in fig. 1, the control experiment device for research on redistribution of moisture and/or nutrients provided by the invention comprises an ecosystem simulation unit 1, a base 3, a base support 2 and a liquid collection bottle 5. The ecosystem simulation unit 1 is arranged on the upper portion of the base 3, a bottom support 3 is arranged between the ecosystem simulation unit 1 and the base 3, a liquid collection funnel 3-1 is arranged on the lower portion of the bottom support 2 in the base 3, and as shown in figure 2, the liquid collection funnel 3-1 and the base 3 are integrally formed. The bottom outlet of the liquid collecting funnel 3-1 is connected with a liquid collecting pipe 4, and the other end of the liquid collecting pipe 4 extends to the outside of the base 3 through a liquid collecting pipe guide hole 3-2 arranged on the side wall of the base 3 and is matched with a liquid collecting bottle 5.
In the invention, the ecosystem simulation unit 1 is a cylindrical barrel body and is used for simulating a small ecosystem according to experimental requirements, such as planting plants, cultivating soil crusts, containing various types of soil and the like; the outer wall of the glass can be made of various materials such as PVC, toughened glass, transparent resin and the like; the pipe diameter can be freely adjusted according to experiment requirements, and is preferably 10 cm-50 cm.
In the invention, the material of the bottom support 2 can be selected from geotextile, geomembrane, a drainage plate, a filter screen and/or a filter membrane, and can be specifically selected according to the following functions: 1) separating an ecosystem simulation unit and a base; 2) preventing soil in the ecological system simulation unit from entering the base according to experimental requirements; 3) filtering certain substances such as biological residues, soil impurities and the like according to experimental requirements; 4) absorbing certain ions such as ammonium ions, nitrate ions and the like according to experimental requirements;
in the invention, the base 3 and the liquid collecting funnel 3-1 are made of PVC, toughened glass, transparent resin, inorganic glass, organic glass or plastic.
When the experimental device is used for research, the method can be carried out according to the following steps:
the experimental device disclosed by the invention is utilized to research the influence of nitrogen sedimentation on the redistribution of nitrogen elements of plants in sandy land on muddy Dakesha land, the schematic diagram is shown in figure 3, wherein a bottom support 2 is made of geotextile, a pre-cultured healthy salix mongolica plant is planted in an ecological system simulation unit 1, and 2 treatments are set: n0 and N1 (addition of 10g of N m)-2yr-1) Adding N element to15N isotope labeled ammonium nitrate (15NH4 15NO3Abundance 10%). Each treatment setting was repeated 4 times, and the experimental apparatus of the present invention was used to fill sand and wind for the experiments.
After the experiment begins, an experiment sample plot is selected at an ecological research station of a muddy Dakesha land, a sunlight plate canopy (the light transmittance is more than 90%) is built, the experimental device is installed in the canopy according to the experimental design, aeolian sandy soil is filled in an ecological system simulation unit 1, sand-fixing plants of yellow willow are planted, and then the experimental device except a collecting bottle 5 is buried by the aeolian sandy soil to simulate the natural environment.
According to the monthly distribution pattern of the multi-year rainfall in the muddy Dakesha land, natural rainfall (watering once every week) and N settlement are simulated in 6, 7 and 8 months of the growing season, N is added in 1 day per month of the growing season, and the addition amount is converted according to the monthly rainfall proportion in the muddy Dakesha land for nearly 50 years. When in addition, the corresponding N addition gradient is weighed according to the experimental design15NH4 15NO3Dissolved in water and evenly sprayed on the ecosystem simulation unit 2 by a sprayer.
In the experimental process, respectively in15The receiver 5 was replaced before and after N marking (30 days at 6 months, 30 days at 7 months, and 30 days at 8 months), and as a result, it was found that the soil leakage collected in the receivers at the bottom of 6 months, 7 months, and 8 months accounted for 5.9. + -. 1.0%, 3.9. + -. 0.2%, and 5.7. + -. 1.1% of the total watering amount, respectively. After the growth season is over, the soil sample collected in the ecosystem simulation unit 1 and the sand-fixing plant salix integra (stem, branch, leaf and thin root) sample grown in the ecosystem simulation unit 1 are taken back to the laboratory for measurement by a stable isotope mass spectrometer (253plus, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany)15N abundance (. delta.)15N), the results are shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from the figure 1, the experimental effect of the experimental device of the invention on redistribution influence of nitrogen in sand plants by N addition is better.
Claims (10)
1. A control experimental device for research on redistribution of moisture and/or nutrients comprises an ecosystem simulation unit and a base;
the ecological system simulation unit is arranged at the upper part of the base, and a bottom support is arranged between the ecological system simulation unit and the base;
the base in the lower part of collet is equipped with a liquid trap, a collector tube is connected to the bottom of liquid trap, the other end of collector tube passes through the collector tube guide hole that sets up on the lateral wall of base extends to the outside of base.
2. The control experiment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the ecological system simulation unit is a cylindrical barrel with the inner diameter of 10 cm-50 cm.
3. The control experiment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the ecological system simulation unit is made of PVC, toughened glass or transparent resin.
4. The control experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the bottom support is made of geotextile, geomembrane, a drainage plate, a filter screen and/or a filter membrane.
5. The control experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the liquid collector is a liquid collecting funnel;
the liquid collecting funnel and the base are integrally formed.
6. The control experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the base with the material of liquid trap is PVC, toughened glass, transparent resin, inorganic glass, organic glass or plastics.
7. The control experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the control experiment device also comprises a liquid collecting bottle matched with the liquid collecting pipe.
8. An experimental method for researching downward redistribution of water and/or nutrients comprises the following steps:
s1, placing the ecosystem to be researched into the ecosystem simulation unit in the control experiment device of any one of claims 1 to 7;
s2, placing the control experiment device in an experiment sample plot, and applying water and/or nutrients into the ecological system simulation unit; and under the physical action and the biological action, water and/or nutrients permeate downwards, soil seepage liquid sequentially passes through the bottom support, the liquid collector and the liquid collecting pipe, the soil seepage liquid is collected from one end of the liquid collecting pipe, and the content of the water and/or the nutrients is obtained by analyzing the soil seepage liquid.
9. The experimental method according to claim 8, characterized in that: the nutrients are major elements or minor elements;
the macroelement is nitrogen;
the minor elements are calcium and iron.
10. Use of the control experiment device according to any of claims 1 to 7 for research on moisture and/or nutrient redistribution.
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Citations (7)
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| CN202049153U (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Field test simulation system |
| CN104126439A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-05 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Plant retention element experimental facility for plant growth and water quality and water quantity analog control |
| CN104459045A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Rainfall infiltration process and root growth dynamic comprehensive observing system |
| CN105277470A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-27 | 赵海超 | Experimental device used for simulating water transporting process in soil |
| CN205229150U (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 武汉大学 | Multilayer soil liquid manure migration conversion parameter testing device |
| CN206876669U (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-01-12 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Simulate root growth and the experimental rig of nutrients movement elution under field condition |
| CN209878758U (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-12-31 | 山西农业大学 | Indoor simulation earth pillar experimental apparatus of comprehensive application |
-
2021
- 2021-04-14 CN CN202110400051.3A patent/CN113125677A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202049153U (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Field test simulation system |
| CN104126439A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-11-05 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Plant retention element experimental facility for plant growth and water quality and water quantity analog control |
| CN104459045A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Rainfall infiltration process and root growth dynamic comprehensive observing system |
| CN105277470A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-01-27 | 赵海超 | Experimental device used for simulating water transporting process in soil |
| CN205229150U (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-11 | 武汉大学 | Multilayer soil liquid manure migration conversion parameter testing device |
| CN206876669U (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-01-12 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Simulate root growth and the experimental rig of nutrients movement elution under field condition |
| CN209878758U (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-12-31 | 山西农业大学 | Indoor simulation earth pillar experimental apparatus of comprehensive application |
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