CN113125303A - Device for testing low-temperature viscosity of glass by bending method - Google Patents
Device for testing low-temperature viscosity of glass by bending method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113125303A CN113125303A CN202110411377.6A CN202110411377A CN113125303A CN 113125303 A CN113125303 A CN 113125303A CN 202110411377 A CN202110411377 A CN 202110411377A CN 113125303 A CN113125303 A CN 113125303A
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007507 annealing of glass Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012681 fiber drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N2011/006—Determining flow properties indirectly by measuring other parameters of the system
- G01N2011/0093—Determining flow properties indirectly by measuring other parameters of the system thermal properties
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of glass testing equipment, and discloses a device for testing low-temperature viscosity of glass by a bending method, which comprises the following steps: a heating furnace (1) having a heating chamber; the glass support (2) is arranged in the heating cavity and is provided with a plurality of different supporting positions in the same horizontal plane, so that the glass (3) to be measured can be supported to have a suspended part between the different supporting positions; and the pressure rod (4) extends along the vertical direction and is arranged to apply pressure to a suspended part of the glass (3) to be measured supported on the glass support (2) through the bottom end of the pressure rod (4) so as to synchronously move downwards along with the flexural deformation of the glass (3) to be measured in the heating process of the heating cavity. The testing device of the invention applies pressure to the glass to be tested by the vertically extending pressure rod, and directly acts the self gravity on the suspended part of the glass to be tested, thereby being capable of keeping constant pressure in the testing process and different sample tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to glass testing equipment, in particular to a device for testing low-temperature viscosity of glass by a bending method.
Background
The low-temperature viscosity of glass generally means the viscosity of glass in a non-liquid state, and has an important influence in glass products and electronic display panel glass. Due to the limitation of the glass form, the low-temperature viscosity of the glass cannot be measured by a rotational viscometer aiming at the high-temperature liquid viscosity. The testing of annealing point and strain point is of great interest and application as two important parameters for the low temperature viscosity of glass.
In the conventional art, glass testing equipment generally measures the annealing point of glass by a glass fiber drawing method. For this reason, it is necessary to reheat, melt, and draw a sheet glass produced in a production line into a wire. The method not only puts forward higher requirements on operators in the wire drawing process, but also changes the sample by secondary heating and melting, and increases energy waste and unsafe factors.
In this case, a bending viscosity test method and a corresponding test apparatus are proposed. This type of test equipment determines the annealing point by measuring the viscous deflection rate of the midpoint of a simply loaded glass strut, and then extrapolates to determine the strain point. According to different force application modes, the viscosity testing equipment by the bending method is divided into a horizontal type tester and a pull-down type tester, the structure is complex, and the problems that the pressure is not constant, the testable sample is single and the like exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of non-constant pressure and the like in the low-temperature viscosity test of glass in the prior art, and provides a device for testing the low-temperature viscosity of the glass by a bending method, which can apply constant pressure to the glass to be tested and is convenient to be suitable for testing samples in different shapes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an apparatus for testing low temperature viscosity of glass by bending method, comprising: a heating furnace having a heating chamber; the glass support is arranged in the heating cavity and is provided with a plurality of different supporting positions in the same horizontal plane so as to support the glass to be measured to be provided with a suspended part between the different supporting positions; and the pressure rod extends along the vertical direction and is arranged to apply pressure to the suspended part of the glass to be detected supported on the glass support through the bottom end of the pressure rod so as to synchronously move downwards along with the flexural deformation of the glass to be detected in the heating process of the heating cavity.
Preferably, the end of the glass support for supporting the glass to be measured is formed as a support corner.
Preferably, the top end of the glass support is rectangular and open.
Preferably, a positioning base for placing the glass support is arranged in the heating cavity, and one sides of the positioning base and the glass support, which are connected with each other, are respectively provided with a positioning matching structure.
Preferably, the device further comprises a displacement detector for measuring the displacement of the pressure rod moving downwards synchronously with the flexural deformation of the glass to be measured.
Preferably, one end of the pressure rod, which is far away from the glass support, is connected with an induction rod extending along the vertical direction, and the displacement detector measures the displacement of the pressure rod by detecting the displacement of the induction rod.
Preferably, the device has a collimating aperture disposed around the pressure bar.
Preferably, the pressure rod is provided at its periphery with a limiting boss located above the alignment hole to limit the downward movement limit of the pressure rod.
Preferably, the bottom end of the pressure rod has a prismatic indenter with an edge extending in the horizontal direction for applying pressure to the glass to be tested.
Preferably, the device comprises a controller which is connected with the heating furnace through signals to control the temperature change in the heating cavity.
Through the technical scheme, the pressure is applied to the glass to be tested by the vertically extending pressure rod, and the gravity of the pressure rod directly acts on the suspended part of the glass to be tested, so that constant pressure can be kept in the testing process and different sample tests. By the force application mode, the glass bracket can support sheet, block, rod-shaped and other glass samples, and is convenient for testing low-temperature viscosity parameters such as annealing points, strain points and the like of samples in different shapes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for testing low-temperature viscosity of glass by a bending method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the glass holder of FIG. 1 along a vertical cross-section in a state of supporting a glass to be measured.
Description of the reference numerals
1-heating a furnace; 2-a glass support; 21-positioning a projection; 3-glass to be detected; 4-a pressure bar; 41-limiting boss; 42-prismatic indenter; 5-positioning the base; 51-a positioning groove; 6-displacement detector; 7-an induction rod; 8-a test bench; 81-alignment holes; 9-a controller; 10-computer.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
Referring to fig. 1, the device for testing the low-temperature viscosity of glass by the bending method according to a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a heating furnace 1, a glass support 2, a pressure rod 4 and the like, and low-temperature viscosity parameters such as an annealing point and a strain point can be calculated by measuring the viscous deflection rate of the glass 3 to be tested at different temperatures.
The heating furnace 1 has a heating chamber, so that the heating chamber can be heated by an electric heating wire, and the glass 3 to be measured can be bent and not be melted. The glass holder 2 is placed in the heating chamber and has a plurality of different support positions in the same horizontal plane so as to be able to support, for example, a sheet-like glass 3 to be measured with a suspended portion between the different support positions. For example, in the preferred embodiment shown in the figure, the glass holder 2 is a column with a rectangular opening at the top, and the top edge thereof can be used to contact and support the bottom surface of the glass 3 to be measured, so as to suspend the glass to be measured between the two top edges. In this case, the pressure rod 4 described later may act on the suspended portion to apply a pressure that causes the glass 3 to be measured to be viscously deflected.
In the testing process, the glass 3 to be tested is horizontally supported on the glass support 2, and the upper side of the glass 3 to be tested is provided with a pressure rod 4 for applying pressure. The pressure rod 4 extends and moves in the vertical direction, and the bottom end thereof acts on the suspended portion of the glass 3 to be measured. Therefore, as the heating furnace 1 is heated, the temperature in the heating cavity rises, the gravity of the pressure rod 4 acts on the glass 3 to be measured, so that the glass 3 to be measured is subjected to flexural deformation, and simultaneously, the pressure rod 4 synchronously moves downwards. In the process, the viscous deflection rate of the glass 3 to be measured at different heating temperatures in the heating cavity is obtained, so that low-temperature viscosity parameters such as the annealing point and the strain point of the glass can be determined.
The testing device applies pressure to the glass 3 to be tested by the vertically extending pressure rod 4, and directly acts the self gravity on the suspended part of the glass 3 to be tested, thereby maintaining constant pressure in the testing process and different sample tests. By the force application mode, the glass bracket 2 can support sheet-shaped, block-shaped, rod-shaped and other glass samples, and is convenient for testing low-temperature viscosity parameters such as annealing points, strain points and the like of samples in different shapes.
It is to be understood that the glass holder 2 may be formed in various structural forms or support the glass 3 to be measured in various ways as long as it enables the glass 3 to be measured to be supported with a suspended portion. For example, the glass holder 2 may be formed in a separate structure to support different portions of the glass 3 to be measured, respectively.
The glass holders 2 and the pressure bars 4 should have a good heat resistance, since they are subjected to high temperatures during the test, either entirely or partly, in the heating chamber of the furnace 1. For this purpose, a material thereof, such as a corundum material, may be appropriately selected.
In the illustrated preferred embodiment, the test apparatus further comprises a displacement probe 6 for measuring the amount of displacement of the pressure bar 4 in the vertical direction, the displacement probe 6 being mounted on a test bench 8, the pressure bar 4 extending through the table of the test bench 8 into the furnace 1 below.
Specifically, displacement detector 6 passes through the support mounting on testboard 8, and the one end (the upper end) of keeping away from glass support 2 of pressure bar 4 is connected with along the response pole 7 of vertical direction extension, and this response pole 7 passes displacement detector 6's detection zone and extends to can be surveyed by this displacement detector 6 and obtain response pole 7 along with the displacement amount of pressure bar 4 in vertical direction. Through connect the response pole 7 that matches with displacement detector 6 on pressure bar 4, can avoid directly setting up induction element on the pressure bar like the corundum material to need not to change induction element after pressure bar 4 damages, practice thrift the maintenance cost.
In order to guide the pressure rod 4 to move in the vertical direction to maintain a constant pressure during the thermal bending of the glass 3 to be tested as a test sample, a straightening hole 81 surrounding the pressure rod 4 may be provided on the test table 8. This alignment hole 81 can be for the slice round hole structure of adjustably installing on testboard 8 to can adjust before the test to make pressure bar 4 pass alignment hole 81 and extend, guarantee that it can freely reciprocate, and prevent the card and hinder.
During the test, the pressure bar 4 can be prevented from being continuously displaced downward by the controller 9 described later by controlling the temperature in the heating furnace 1. This control method is relatively slow in limiting the movement of the pressure rod 4, and therefore, a limiting boss 41 located above the alignment hole 81 may be further provided on the periphery of the pressure rod 4 to limit the downward movement limit of the pressure rod 4.
In the glass holder 2 described above, as shown in fig. 2, the top edge is used to support the glass 3 to be measured. The inner side surface and the outer side surface of the glass support 2 can extend close to each other at the top end part, namely the inner side surface and the outer side surface are inclined relative to a vertical plane at the end part position, so that a supporting edge angle with an angle alpha is formed, two-line supporting can be formed when the glass 3 to be tested is pressed, and the testing accuracy is improved.
Accordingly, for uniform application of force, a prismatic indenter 42 may be provided at the bottom end of the pressure rod, the edge of the prismatic indenter 42 extending in the horizontal direction so as to be able to apply pressure in line contact to the glass 3 to be measured.
In the preferred embodiment shown in the figure, a positioning base 5 for placing the glass bracket 2 is further arranged in the heating cavity, and the sides of the positioning base 5 and the glass bracket 3 which are connected with each other are respectively provided with a positioning matching structure. Specifically, the positioning matching structure may include a positioning groove 51 formed on the positioning base 5 and a positioning protrusion 21 arranged at the bottom of the glass support 2, so that the placing position of the glass support 2 in the heating cavity can be determined by the positioning base 5 in different testing processes, and the testing accuracy is ensured. In other embodiments, the positioning matching structure can also be formed as other matching structures, such as a positioning protrusion arranged on the positioning base 5, a positioning groove formed on the bottom of the glass support 2 and the like.
The displacement of the pressure rod 4 measured by the displacement probe 6 may be transmitted to a controller 9, which controller 9 may be arranged in signal connection with the furnace 1 to control the temperature change in the heating chamber. Software loaded by a computer 10 transmits control information to a controller 9, the heating furnace 1 starts to heat up at a heating speed of 2-8 ℃/min, the computer software records temperature and displacement information and calculates deflection rate, the software can calculate viscosities at different temperatures by using a Fuckel formula, and the corresponding temperatures under glass annealing and strain points, namely the annealing point and the strain point of a glass sample are obtained according to the corresponding relation between the viscosities and the temperatures.
In the above preferred embodiment of the present invention, the glass holder 2 may be provided correspondingly to the glass 3 to be measured. For example, for a rod-shaped sample, a limiting structure may be arranged at the top end of the glass support 2 to prevent the sample from falling. The heating furnace 1 used may be of various suitable types or may employ different heating devices as long as it can accurately control the temperature change and be accurately measured.
The following describes the testing process with reference to the testing device of the preferred embodiment of the present invention:
(1) cutting the long cover plate glass into glass strips of 100mm x 15mm, grinding the edges of the glass strips by 800 meshes to remove burrs, grinding the glass strips to be flat, controlling the two sides of a sample to be parallel, and controlling the size deviation to be 15 +/-0.05 mm;
(2) opening a furnace door of the heating furnace, placing a sample on a glass bracket made of corundum, wherein the long edge of the sample is vertical to the supporting edge of the glass bracket, placing a pressure rod down to enable the edge of the prismatic pressure head to be parallel to the supporting edge of the glass bracket, uniformly stressing the sample, and closing the furnace door;
(3) the alignment hole is adjusted to ensure that the induction rod is positioned in the middle of the displacement detector and the pressure rod can freely move up and down without being blocked;
(4) sequentially turning on a controller power supply, a computer and test control software of the test device, confirming that the instrument is under the control of the software, turning on a heating power supply, setting a protection temperature, raising the temperature to 750 ℃ at the maximum, and setting a protection displacement, wherein the maximum displacement is 5 mm; setting a temperature rise curve, enabling the furnace to rise at a speed of 4 ℃/min, determining that the computer software records temperature and displacement values during temperature rise, and carrying out online recording;
(5) after the test was completed, several temperature and displacement coordinates were selected, and a curve of temperature and viscosity was fit with software, and the corresponding annealing point and strain point of the glass sample were obtained by defining viscosity 1013dpa $, 1014.5dpa $, and temperature.
The results of the tests on the three samples are given in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Table 2 shows the results of the tests on the same three samples using the tensile method.
TABLE 2
Compared with the traditional testing device and method, the standard deviation of the sample testing data by using the testing device and method is less than 1.5, and the testing device and method are more accurate and reliable.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the individual specific technical features in any suitable way. The invention is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for testing low temperature viscosity of glass by bending method, comprising:
a heating furnace (1), the heating furnace (1) having a heating chamber;
the glass support (2) is arranged in the heating cavity and is provided with a plurality of different supporting positions in the same horizontal plane, so that the glass (3) to be measured can be supported to have a suspended part between the different supporting positions; and the number of the first and second groups,
the pressure rod (4) extends along the vertical direction and is arranged to apply pressure to a suspended part of the glass (3) to be tested, which is supported on the glass support (2), through the bottom end of the pressure rod (4) so as to synchronously move downwards along with the deflection deformation of the glass (3) to be tested in the heating process of the heating cavity.
2. The device for testing the low-temperature viscosity of glass by the bending method according to claim 1, wherein the end of the glass support (2) for supporting the glass (3) to be tested is formed as a supporting corner.
3. The device for testing the low-temperature viscosity of glass by the bending method according to claim 1, wherein the top end of the glass support (2) is rectangular open.
4. The device for testing the low-temperature viscosity of the glass by the bending method according to claim 1, wherein a positioning base (5) for placing the glass support (2) is arranged in the heating cavity, and the side, connected with each other, of the positioning base (5) and the glass support (3) is respectively provided with a positioning matching structure.
5. The apparatus for testing low-temperature viscosity of glass by bending according to claim 1, further comprising a displacement detector (6) for measuring the displacement of the pressure rod (4) moving downward in synchronization with the flexural deformation of the glass (3) to be tested.
6. The device for testing the low-temperature viscosity of the glass by the bending method according to claim 5, wherein one end of the pressure rod (4) far away from the glass support (2) is connected with an induction rod (7) extending along the vertical direction, and the displacement detector (6) is used for measuring the displacement of the pressure rod (4) by detecting the displacement of the induction rod (7).
7. The device for testing the low-temperature viscosity of glass by bending according to claim 1, wherein the device has a straightening hole (81) arranged around the pressure bar (4).
8. The apparatus for testing low-temperature viscosity of glass by bending according to claim 7, wherein the pressure bar (4) is provided at its periphery with a limit boss (41) located above the alignment hole (81) to limit the downward movement limit of the pressure bar (4).
9. The device for testing the low-temperature viscosity of glass by a bending method according to claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the pressure rod (4) is provided with a prismatic indenter (42), and the prismatic indenter (42) is provided with an edge extending along the horizontal direction and used for applying pressure to the glass (3) to be tested.
10. The apparatus for testing the low-temperature viscosity of glass by bending according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a controller (9) in signal communication with the heating furnace (1) for controlling the temperature change in the heating chamber.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110411377.6A CN113125303A (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2021-04-16 | Device for testing low-temperature viscosity of glass by bending method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110411377.6A CN113125303A (en) | 2021-04-16 | 2021-04-16 | Device for testing low-temperature viscosity of glass by bending method |
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2021
- 2021-04-16 CN CN202110411377.6A patent/CN113125303A/en active Pending
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Application publication date: 20210716 |