CN113123764A

CN113123764A - Speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on downhole tension and cable type bridging and perforating combined operation method

Info

Publication number: CN113123764A
Application number: CN202110345595.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孟虎; 孙晓东; 王良超; 谷天; 贾振甲; 宋承良; 刘继海; 章心林
Original assignee: Xi An Tongyuan Zhenghe Petroleum Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: BEIJING DADE GUANGYUAN PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY SERVICE Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2021-03-31
Filing date: 2021-03-31
Publication date: 2021-07-16
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-31
Also published as: CN113123764B

Abstract

The invention discloses a speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on underground tension and a cable type bridge perforation combined operation method, wherein the system comprises the following steps: an intelligent winch; the underground tensiometer is arranged at the cable head and is communicated with the controller of the intelligent winch, and the underground tensiometer acquires the tension applied to the cable head and transmits and feeds back the tension information at the cable head to the controller of the intelligent winch; and the controller of the fracturing pump truck is communicated with the controller of the intelligent winch. By adopting the system and the method provided by the invention, the operation of the tool string in the well is completed, and only 1 operator is needed for operating, so that the number of operators is greatly reduced, the problems of labor increase caused by various operators and difficult communication are solved, and the probability of engineering accidents caused by human factors such as operator fatigue is reduced.

Description

Speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on downhole tension and cable type bridging and perforating combined operation method

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of perforating operations. More particularly, the invention relates to a speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on downhole tension and a cable bridge-shooting combined operation method.

Background

The technology of combining bridge plugs and perforation is the most common technology for the current shale gas staged fracturing reformation development, and accounts for 75-85% of the total number of all the multistage reformation. The construction efficiency and effect of the bridge plug perforation combination directly influence the well completion period of staged fracturing reconstruction.

At present, the operation and operation of a winch in the construction of bridge plug perforation operation at home and abroad are always manually controlled by a winch worker, people can be tired after long-time operation, high energy monitoring on the operation condition of the winch and timely treatment on emergency conditions are difficult to put into, and at present, two or more people are needed to operate alternately to avoid risks caused by human factors, so that excessive human cost is consumed and engineering accident risks caused by manual operation are avoided.

In a pumping link in construction, a winch and a pump truck are respectively operated by respective operators, and the winch and the pump truck need to be communicated and matched through an interphone (when the tension of a cable drops below a certain value at a certain speed of the winch, a pumping commander informs the pump truck operator to increase the output liquid discharge capacity of the pump truck through the interphone, the discharge capacity of liquid injected into a shaft by the pump truck is increased, so that the liquid thrust of a tool string injected into the shaft by the pump truck in a horizontal section is increased, and sufficient hydraulic thrust is ensured to ensure that a construction pipe string is safely conveyed to a preset depth at the bottom of a well). During which, however, there is a risk of an engineering accident caused by poor communication. And at present, the bridge plug perforation combined construction needs 5 persons (2 winch workers, 1 surface instrument operator, 1 pumping commander and 1 pump truck operator) to finish the operation from the well entrance to the well exit of the construction pipe string. Constructors are more in quantity, and the labor cost is higher.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on underground tension, which consists of an intelligent winch, an underground tension meter and a fracturing pump truck, and is characterized in that a large amount of data collected by a construction well in the past are combined, analyzed and collated to obtain experience data capable of ensuring construction safety and high efficiency, the experience data are coded into an intelligent winch controller, and the intelligent winch controller carries out intelligent operation according to an operation program based on shaft data and the experience data to complete bridge plug perforation combined construction.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a cable bridge perforating method using a speed-controlled pumping perforating system based on downhole tension, in which a constructor only needs 1 person by using an intelligent pumping system, thereby greatly reducing the number of constructors and avoiding engineering accidents caused by human factors.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a rate controlled pumping perforation system based on downhole tension, comprising:

an intelligent winch;

the underground tensiometer is arranged at the cable head and is communicated with the controller of the intelligent winch, and the underground tensiometer acquires the tension applied to the cable head and transmits and feeds back the tension information at the cable head to the controller of the intelligent winch;

and the controller of the fracturing pump truck is communicated with the controller of the intelligent winch.

The cable type bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the downhole tension comprises the following steps:

1) lowering of pipe string in vertical well section

After the single-section construction pipe string is operated into the well, the lowering speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable in the period from the well head to 300m underground, the tension of the ground cable is increased by 15-20% every time, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 8-12%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 1500 m/h;

during the period from the well depth of 300m to the deflecting point, the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10-15% when the tension of the ground cable is increased by 10-15%, and the tension of the underground cable head is controlled to be 0.1-0.5F_{Weakness of point}The speed of the intelligent winch is controlled within 3600 m/h;

2) the stage from the deflecting point to the bottom of the well

When the pipe string passes through the deflecting point, the intelligent winch controller controls the fracturing pump truck to pump according to the minimum displacement, then the pipe string runs to the bottom of the well, and in the period, the tension at the underground cable head is controlled to be 0.1-0.5F_{Weakness of point}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10-15% when the tension at the underground cable head is increased by 10-15%; when the tension at the underground cable head is reduced by 10-15%, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 10-15%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 3600m/h of 1800 plus materials, when the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted to be lower than 1800m/h, the intelligent winch controller transmits information of displacement increase of a fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, the displacement of the fracturing pump truck is increased, the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, when the tension at the underground cable head is increased by 10-15%, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10-15%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased to 3600m/h of 1800 plus materials;

3) staged ignition phase

The pipe string is pumped to 10m below the construction depth of the interval for stopping, then the intelligent winch starts to lift, the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 800m/h at 300 and 800m/h in the lifting process, and the tension at the underground cable head is smaller than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The tension of the ground cable is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}When the tension at the underground cable head is more than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}According to the standard coupling identified by underground magnetic positioning, the intelligent winch is stopped after positioning the setting depth of the bridge plug according to the corresponding target depth according to the processing of the encountering card, the power is supplied to ignite the setting bridge plug, after the tension at the underground cable head has large differential tension, the setting releasing of the bridge plug is determined, the intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the first cluster of perforation positions for positioning and stopping, then the power is supplied to explode the first cluster of perforation guns, after the perforation is determined, the intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the second cluster of perforation positions for positioning and stopping, and then the previous perforation program is repeated to complete the subsequent multi-cluster perforation task;

4) the pipe string is lifted from the horizontal section to the inclined section creating stage

During the period that the pipe string is lifted to the deflecting section by the intelligent winch, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15-20% when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are simultaneously reduced by 10-15%; when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are increased by 10-15% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 15-20%, the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 2400m/h, and when the tension of the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The tension of the ground cable is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}And the speed of the intelligent winch is kept when the speed reaches 2400 m/h;

5) the stage of lifting the pipe string from the deflecting point to the well head

During the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string to be 200m away from the wellhead, the tension at the underground cable head is smaller than 0.6F_{Weakness of point}While the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15-20% when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are simultaneously reduced by 10-15%; when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are increased by 10-15% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 15-20%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is made to be less than 3600m/h；

During the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string from 200m away from the wellhead to the wellhead, the speed of the intelligent winch is 200 plus 500m/h, and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}。

Preferably, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the underground tension, the pipe string is from a deflecting point to a bottom stage, the intelligent winch controller transmits the information of the displacement increase of the fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, and the fracturing pump truck increases by 0.3-0.4m³Displacement per minute.

Preferably, in the cable type bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the downhole tension, in the stage of ignition, after the tension at the downhole cable head has a differential tension of 50-80Kg, and the bridge plug setting release is determined, the intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the first cluster of perforation positions to position and stop.

Preferably, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method of the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the underground tension, when the intelligent winch is lowered to run and the differential tension in the lowering stage exceeds a set threshold value, the situation of meeting a resistance is indicated, and then when the intelligent winch continues to run for a certain distance and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5 time of the normal tension corresponding to the running task section of the intelligent winch to be executed, the intelligent winch is stopped and the situation of meeting a resistance is reported;

when the emergency situation of the meeting of the resistance occurs, the emergency situation of the meeting of the resistance is manually processed;

and when the resistance is relieved, stopping the intelligent winch from running, lifting the intelligent winch until the tension of the ground cable is restored to the normal tension corresponding to the running task section of the intelligent winch to be executed, and then lowering the intelligent winch.

Preferably, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method of the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the underground tension, when the differential tension in the lowering stage exceeds-0.6 KN/s, the situation of meeting a resistance is possibly generated, and then when the intelligent winch continues to operate for more than 2-3m and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5 time of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task section of the intelligent winch to be executed, the intelligent winch is stopped and the situation of meeting a resistance is alarmed;

and when the resistance is relieved, stopping the intelligent winch from running, then lifting the intelligent winch at the speed of 300m/h until the tension of the ground cable is restored to the normal tension corresponding to the running task section of the intelligent winch to be executed, and then lowering the intelligent winch at the speed of 300 m/h.

Preferably, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the underground tension, when the intelligent winch is lifted up and operated, when the differential tension in the lifting stage exceeds a set threshold value, the situation of card encountering is indicated to be possible, then when the intelligent winch continuously operates for a certain distance, the ground cable tension exceeds 1.3 times of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task section of the intelligent winch to be executed and is less than the maximum safe tension, and meanwhile, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}If so, stopping the vehicle and giving an alarm to the occurrence of the card-encountering condition;

when the emergency situation of card encountering occurs, the emergency situation of card encountering is manually processed;

after the card is removed, the intelligent winch is lifted up until the tension of the ground cable is less than the maximum safe tension and the tension of the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}By the time, when the card encountering state disappears in the lifting process, the emergency situation of the card encountering state is automatically solved, and the intelligent winch recovers the lifting program.

Preferably, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the downhole tension, when the differential tension in the lifting stage exceeds 2KN/s during the lifting operation of the intelligent winch, the situation of card encountering is indicated to be possible, and then when the intelligent winch continuously operates for more than 2-3m and the ground cable tension exceeds 1.3 times of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task section of the intelligent winch to be executed and is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}And meanwhile, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}If so, stopping the vehicle and giving an alarm to the occurrence of the card-encountering condition;

after the card is released, the intelligent winch is lifted up at the speed of 300m/h until the tension of the ground cable is less than the maximum safe tension and the tension of the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}Until then.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

the system provided by the invention comprises an intelligent winch, an underground tensiometer and a fracturing pump truck, a large amount of data collected by the conventional construction well is combined, the empirical data which can ensure the construction safety and high efficiency are obtained by analysis and arrangement, the empirical data is programmed into an intelligent winch controller, and the intelligent winch controller carries out intelligent operation according to an operation program based on shaft data and the empirical data to complete bridge plug perforation combined construction.

According to the intelligent pumping system, construction is carried out by adopting the intelligent pumping system, and only 1 person is needed by constructors, so that the number of constructors is greatly reduced, the problem of labor increase caused by various personnel and difficult communication is solved, and the probability of engineering accidents caused by human factors such as personnel fatigue is reduced.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a rate-controlled pumping perforation system based on downhole tension, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operational logic of a rate-controlled pumping perforation system based on downhole tension, according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a run-in phase of a tubular string at a straight wellbore section according to one embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a string from a kick-off point to a downhole stage in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of staged ignition stages according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a tube string being lifted from a horizontal section to a ramp stage according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a stage in which a string of tubulars is lifted up from a kick point to a wellhead, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.

It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a rate-controlled pumping perforation system based on downhole tension, comprising:

the intelligent winch 1 is controlled by a controller of the intelligent winch, the intelligent winch can program data such as depth, speed and tension, and automatically coils a cable to precisely control the motion of the intelligent winch;

the underground tensiometer 2 is arranged at the cable head and is connected/communicated with the controller of the intelligent winch, and the underground tensiometer acquires the tension applied to the cable head and transmits and feeds back the tension information at the cable head to the controller of the intelligent winch;

and a controller of the fracturing pump truck 3 is connected/communicated with a controller of the intelligent winch, and the controller of the intelligent winch can control the fracturing pump truck to operate according to the acquired information. The fracturing pump truck is used for pumping liquid into the shaft and pushing the construction pipe string in the horizontal section to move to the bottom of the well.

The intelligent winch system: the winch control system comprises a hydraulic cable winch system and an intelligent winch controller system, wherein the intelligent winch controller system comprises a data input system, a construction data acquisition system, a data processing system and an instruction feedback system, and can realize automatic operation of the winch. The conventional winch system also comprises a hydraulic cable winch system and a winch controller system, the operation procedure of the conventional winch system is completely carried out by depending on people, and constructors are required to adjust the operation state of the winch according to various construction parameters;

an underground tensiometer: the tension monitoring device is connected to a cable head, can monitor the stress of the cable head in real time and transmits the stress to a ground winch controller through a cable to display tension data. The cable head is provided with a tension weak point, so that the construction pipe string is conveniently broken from the weak point when meeting a clamp and no cable is left in the well. The underground tension meter can measure the stress of the cable head, so that the phenomenon that the cable head is broken due to too large stress of the cable head in the pumping construction pipe string link to cause the pipe string to fall into a well is avoided;

fracturing pump truck: it consists of a controller and a plunger pump system. The output pipeline is connected with the wellhead, and the suction pipeline is connected with the liquid tank. After the vehicle controller is started, the pump truck controller is adjusted to increase the operating throttle of the pump truck, so that the operation of the pump truck plunger pump is accelerated, and liquid with a certain flow increased at high pressure is output and then injected into a shaft.

The operation principle of the intelligent pumping perforation system is as follows: before the bridge plug perforation combined operation is started, collected shaft data (well depth, well vertical depth, well inclination, full angle change rate and casing internal diameter) and downhole pipe string data (length and weight G) meeting construction requirements_{Pipe string}Maximum outer diameter) to determine the relevant parameters of the operation (cable head weakness force F)_{Weakness of point}Rated breaking force F of cable_{Cable with a protective layer}Maximum safe tension F of cable_SecurePressure limiting P of well head_{Limit of}) And (3) inputting the shaft and related operation parameters (the operating speed range of the increased pipe string in different depth intervals, the underground tension range, the ground tension range and the like) into an intelligent winch control system, and operating the intelligent winch according to the limiting conditions.

The intelligent pumping perforation system operates the logic: the signal acquisition and processing unit acquires shaft data, construction pipe string data and operation safety parameters, continuously acquires tension (tension at the underground cable head and the ground cable tension) signals and depth signals in the construction process, processes and calculates the acquired signals through the logic processing and calculating unit, and then controls the fracturing pump truck and the winch to execute corresponding tasks through the control unit.

A cable bridge perforating method using a rate-controlled pumped perforating system based on downhole tension, as shown in fig. 3-7, comprises:

1) the string is lowered in the vertical section as shown in figure 3

2) as shown in fig. 4, the string goes from the kick point to the bottom hole stage

3) staged ignition phases, as shown in fig. 5

4) as shown in FIG. 6, the tube string is lifted from the horizontal section to the inclined section

5) and as shown in figure 7, the string is lifted up from the kick-off point to the wellhead stage

During the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string to be 200m away from the wellhead, the tension at the underground cable head is smaller than 0.6F_{Weakness of point}While the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15-20% when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are simultaneously reduced by 10-15%; when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are increased by 10-15% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 15-20%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is smaller than 3600 m/h;

during the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string from 200m away from the wellhead to the wellhead, the intelligent winch makes the intelligentThe winch speed is 200-500m/h, and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}。

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method of the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on underground tension, a pipe string is in a stage from a deflecting point to the bottom of a well, the intelligent winch controller transmits information of the displacement increase of a fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, and the fracturing pump truck increases by 0.3-0.4m³Displacement per minute.

In another technical scheme, in a cable type bridge-shooting combined operation method of a speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on underground tension, in a stage ignition stage, after the tension at the underground cable head has a differential tension of 50-80Kg, and after determining that bridge plug setting is released, an intelligent winch automatically lifts a pipe string to a first cluster of perforation positions for positioning and parking.

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method of the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on underground tension, when the differential tension in the lowering stage exceeds a set threshold value during the lowering operation of an intelligent winch, the situation of meeting a resistance is possibly generated, and then when the intelligent winch continues to operate for a certain distance and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5 time of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task section of the intelligent winch to be executed, the intelligent winch is stopped and the situation of meeting a resistance is alarmed;

after the meeting resistance is relieved, the intelligent winch stores parameters such as normal tension corresponding to an intelligent winch operation task section to be executed before the meeting resistance occurs, the depth of the meeting resistance occurrence and the like; and stopping the intelligent winch, then lifting the intelligent winch until the tension of the ground cable is restored to the normal tension corresponding to the intelligent winch operation task section to be executed, and then lowering the intelligent winch.

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method of the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the underground tension, when the differential tension in the lowering stage exceeds-0.6 KN/s, the situation of meeting a resistance is indicated, and then when the intelligent winch continues to operate for more than 2-3m and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5 time of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task section of the intelligent winch to be executed, the intelligent winch is stopped and the situation of meeting a resistance is reported;

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method of the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the underground tension, when the intelligent winch lifts up and operates, when the differential tension in the lifting stage exceeds a set threshold value, the situation of card encountering is indicated to be possible, then when the intelligent winch continues to operate for a certain distance, the ground cable tension exceeds 1.3 times of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task section of the intelligent winch to be executed and is less than the maximum safe tension, and meanwhile, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}If so, stopping the vehicle and giving an alarm to the occurrence of the card-encountering condition;

when the card is removed, the intelligent winch stores the parameters such as normal tension corresponding to the intelligent winch operation task segment to be executed before the card is encountered, the depth of the card encountered and the like; lifting the intelligent winch until the tension of the ground cable is less than the maximum safe tension and the tension of the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}By the time, when the card encountering state disappears in the lifting process, the emergency situation of the card encountering state is automatically solved, and the intelligent winch recovers the lifting program.

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the downhole tension, when the intelligent winch lifts up and operates, when the differential tension in the lifting stage exceeds 2KN/s, the situation of card encountering is indicated to be possible, and then when the intelligent winch continues to operate for more than 2-3m and the ground cable tension exceeds 1.3 times of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task section of the intelligent winch to be executed and is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}And meanwhile, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}If so, stopping the vehicle and giving an alarm to the occurrence of the card-encountering condition;

Example 1

1) the string is lowered in the vertical section as shown in figure 3

After the single-section construction pipe string is operated into the well, the lowering speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable in the period from the well head to 300m underground, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 8% when the tension of the ground cable is increased by 15%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 200 m/h;

during the period from the well depth of 300m to the deflecting point, the speed of the intelligent winch is determined according toThe tension of the ground cable is adjusted, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10% when the tension of the ground cable is increased by 10%, and the tension of the underground cable head is controlled to be 0.1F_{Weakness of point}The speed of the intelligent winch is controlled within 3600 m/h;

When the pipe string passes through the deflecting point, the intelligent winch controller controls the fracturing pump truck to pump according to the minimum displacement, then the pipe string runs to the bottom of the well, and in the period, the tension at the underground cable head is controlled to be 0.1F_{Weakness of point}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10% when the tension at the underground cable head is increased by 10%; when the tension at the underground cable head is reduced by 10 percent, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 10 percent, and the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled at 1800m/h, when the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted to be lower than 1800m/h, the intelligent winch controller transmits information of the displacement increase of the fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, the displacement of the fracturing pump truck is increased, the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, and when the tension at the underground cable head is increased by 10 percent, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased to 1800 m/h;

3) staged ignition phases, as shown in fig. 5

Pumping the pipe string to a position 10m below the construction depth of the layer section for stopping, then lifting the intelligent winch, controlling the speed of the intelligent winch to be 300m/h in the lifting process, and enabling the tension of the underground cable head to be less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The tension of the ground cable is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}When the tension at the underground cable head is more than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}According to the standard coupling processed by the card encountering and identified by the underground magnetic positioning, the intelligent winch is stopped after positioning the setting depth of the bridge plug according to the corresponding target depth, the power is supplied to ignite the setting bridge plug, after the tension at the underground cable head has the difference tension with larger amplitude, the setting releasing of the bridge plug is determined, the intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the first cluster of perforation positions for positioning and stopping, then the power is supplied to explode the first cluster of perforation guns, after the perforation is determined, the intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the second cluster of perforation positions for positioning and stopping, and thenRepeating the previous perforation program to complete the subsequent multi-cluster perforation task;

During the period that the pipe string is lifted to the deflecting section by the intelligent winch, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15% when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are simultaneously reduced by 10%; when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are increased by 10% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 15%, the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 300m/h, and when the tension of the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The tension of the ground cable is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}And the speed of the intelligent winch is kept when the speed reaches 2400 m/h;

During the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string to be 200m away from the wellhead, the tension at the underground cable head is smaller than 0.6F_{Weakness of point}While the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15% when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are simultaneously reduced by 10%; when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are increased by 10 percent at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 15 percent, and the speed of the intelligent winch is enabled to be less than 3600 m/h;

during the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string from 200m away from the wellhead to the wellhead, the speed of the intelligent winch is 200m/h, and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}。

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method of the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on underground tension, a pipe string is in a stage from a deflecting point to the bottom of a well, the intelligent winch controller transmits information of the displacement increase of a fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, and the fracturing pump truck increases by 0.3m³Displacement per minute.

In another technical scheme, in a cable type bridge-shooting combined operation method of a speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on underground tension, in a stage ignition stage, after the tension of an underground cable head has 50Kg of differential tension, and after determining that bridge plug setting is released, an intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to a first cluster of perforation positions to be positioned and stopped.

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method of the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the underground tension, when the differential tension in the lowering stage exceeds-0.6 KN/s, the situation of meeting the resistance is indicated, and then when the intelligent winch continues to operate for more than 2m and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5 times of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task section of the intelligent winch to be executed, the intelligent winch is stopped and the situation of meeting the resistance is reported;

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the downhole tension, the intelligent winch is lifted to operateWhen the differential tension exceeds a set threshold value in the lifting stage, the situation of card encountering is possibly shown, then when the intelligent winch continuously runs for a certain distance, the ground cable tension exceeds 1.3 times of the normal tension corresponding to the intelligent winch running task segment to be executed and is smaller than the maximum safe tension, and meanwhile, the tension at the underground cable head is smaller than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}If so, stopping the vehicle and giving an alarm to the occurrence of the card-encountering condition;

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the downhole tension, when the differential tension exceeds 2KN/s in the lifting stage during the lifting operation of the intelligent winch, the situation of card encountering is indicated to be possible, and then when the intelligent winch continuously operates for more than 2m and the ground cable tension exceeds 1.3 times and is less than 0.4F of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task section of the intelligent winch to be executed_{Cable with a protective layer}And meanwhile, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}If so, stopping the vehicle and giving an alarm to the occurrence of the card-encountering condition;

Example 2

The operation principle of the intelligent pumping perforation system is as follows: before the bridge plug perforation combined operation is started, collected shaft data (well depth, well vertical depth, well inclination, full angle change rate and casing internal diameter) and the data meeting construction requirements are combinedDownhole string data (length, weight G)_{Pipe string}Maximum outer diameter) to determine the relevant parameters of the operation (cable head weakness force F)_{Weakness of point}Rated breaking force F of cable_{Cable with a protective layer}Maximum safe tension F of cable_SecurePressure limiting P of well head_{Limit of}) And (3) inputting the shaft and related operation parameters (the operating speed range of the increased pipe string in different depth intervals, the underground tension range, the ground tension range and the like) into an intelligent winch control system, and operating the intelligent winch according to the limiting conditions.

1) the string is lowered in the vertical section as shown in figure 3

After the single-section construction pipe string is operated into the well, the lowering speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable in the period from the well head to 300m underground, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10% when the tension of the ground cable is increased by 17%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 800 m/h;

during the period from the well depth of 300m to the deflecting point, the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 12% when the tension of the ground cable is increased by 12%, and the tension of the underground cable head is controlled to be 0.3F_{Weakness of point}The speed of the intelligent winch is controlled within 3600 m/h;

When the pipe string passes through the deflecting point, the intelligent winch controller controls the fracturing pump truck to pump according to the minimum displacement, then the pipe string runs to the bottom of the well, and in the period, the tension at the underground cable head is controlled to be 0.3F_{Weakness of point}Intelligent winchThe speed of the vehicle is adjusted according to the tension of the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 12% when the tension of the underground cable head is increased by 12%; when the tension at the underground cable head is reduced by 12 percent, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 12 percent, and the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 2700m/h, when the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted to be lower than 1800m/h, the intelligent winch controller transmits information of the displacement increase of the fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, the displacement of the fracturing pump truck is increased, the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, and when the tension at the underground cable head is increased by 12 percent, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 12 percent, so that the speed of the intelligent winch is increased to 2700 m/h;

3) staged ignition phases, as shown in fig. 5

Pumping the pipe string to a position 10m below the construction depth of the layer section for stopping, then lifting the intelligent winch, controlling the speed of the intelligent winch to be 500m/h in the lifting process, and enabling the tension of the underground cable head to be less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The tension of the ground cable is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}When the tension at the underground cable head is more than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}According to the standard coupling identified by underground magnetic positioning, the intelligent winch is stopped after positioning the setting depth of the bridge plug according to the corresponding target depth according to the processing of the encountering card, the power is supplied to ignite the setting bridge plug, after the tension at the underground cable head has large differential tension, the setting releasing of the bridge plug is determined, the intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the first cluster of perforation positions for positioning and stopping, then the power is supplied to explode the first cluster of perforation guns, after the perforation is determined, the intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the second cluster of perforation positions for positioning and stopping, and then the previous perforation program is repeated to complete the subsequent multi-cluster perforation task;

During the period that the pipe string is lifted to the deflecting section by the intelligent winch, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 17% when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are simultaneously reduced by 12%; downhole electricityWhen the tension of the cable head and the tension of the ground cable are increased by 12% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 17%, the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 1300m/h, and when the tension of the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The tension of the ground cable is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}And the speed of the intelligent winch is kept when the speed reaches 2400 m/h;

During the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string to be 200m away from the wellhead, the tension at the underground cable head is smaller than 0.6F_{Weakness of point}While the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 17% when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are simultaneously reduced by 12%; when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are increased by 12% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 17%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is enabled to be smaller than 3600 m/h;

during the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string from 200m away from the wellhead to the wellhead, the speed of the intelligent winch is 300m/h, and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}。

In another technical scheme, in a cable type bridge-shooting combined operation method of a speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on underground tension, in a stage ignition stage, after the tension at the underground cable head has 60Kg of differential tension, and after determining that bridge plug setting is released, an intelligent winch automatically lifts a pipe string to a first cluster of perforation positions for positioning and parking.

when meetingAfter the card is released, the intelligent winch stores parameters such as normal tension corresponding to an intelligent winch operation task segment to be executed before the occurrence of the card and the depth of the occurrence of the card; lifting the intelligent winch until the tension of the ground cable is less than the maximum safe tension and the tension of the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}By the time, when the card encountering state disappears in the lifting process, the emergency situation of the card encountering state is automatically solved, and the intelligent winch recovers the lifting program.

Example 3

1) the string is lowered in the vertical section as shown in figure 3

After the single-section construction pipe string is operated into the well, the lowering speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable in the period from the well head to 300m underground, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 12% when the tension of the ground cable is increased by 20%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 1500 m/h;

during the period from the well depth of 300m to the deflecting point, the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15% when the tension of the ground cable is increased by 15%, and the tension of the underground cable head is controlled to be 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The speed of the intelligent winch is controlled within 3600 m/h;

When the pipe string passes through the deflecting point, the intelligent winch controller controls the fracturing pump truck to pump according to the minimum displacement, then the pipe string runs to the bottom of the well, and in the period, the tension at the underground cable head is controlled to be 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15% when the tension at the underground cable head is increased by 15%; every 15% of the tension at the underground cable head is reduced, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 15%, the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 3600m/h, when the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted to be lower than 1800m/h, the intelligent winch controller transmits information of the displacement increase of the fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, the displacement of the fracturing pump truck is increased, the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, every 15% of the tension at the underground cable head is increased, and the intelligent winch controls the speed of the intelligent winchThe speed is increased by 15 percent, so that the speed of the intelligent winch is increased to 3600 m/h;

3) staged ignition phases, as shown in fig. 5

Pumping the pipe string to a position 10m below the construction depth of the layer section for stopping, then lifting the intelligent winch, controlling the speed of the intelligent winch to be 800m/h in the lifting process, and enabling the tension of the underground cable head to be less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The tension of the ground cable is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}When the tension at the underground cable head is more than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}According to the standard coupling identified by underground magnetic positioning, the intelligent winch is stopped after positioning the setting depth of the bridge plug according to the corresponding target depth according to the processing of the encountering card, the power is supplied to ignite the setting bridge plug, after the tension at the underground cable head has large differential tension, the setting releasing of the bridge plug is determined, the intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the first cluster of perforation positions for positioning and stopping, then the power is supplied to explode the first cluster of perforation guns, after the perforation is determined, the intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the second cluster of perforation positions for positioning and stopping, and then the previous perforation program is repeated to complete the subsequent multi-cluster perforation task;

During the period that the pipe string is lifted to the deflecting section by the intelligent winch, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 20% when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are simultaneously reduced by 15%; when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are increased by 15% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 20%, the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 2400m/h, and when the tension of the underground cable head is smaller than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The tension of the ground cable is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}And the speed of the intelligent winch is kept when the speed reaches 2400 m/h;

During the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string to be 200m away from the wellhead, the tension at the underground cable head is smaller than 0.6F_{Weakness of point}At the same timeThe tension of the ground cable is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 20% when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are simultaneously reduced by 15%; when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are increased by 15% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 20%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is enabled to be smaller than 3600 m/h;

during the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string from 200m away from the wellhead to the wellhead, the speed of the intelligent winch is 500m/h, and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}。

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method of the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on underground tension, a pipe string is in a stage from a deflecting point to the bottom of a well, the intelligent winch controller transmits information of the displacement increase of a fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, and the fracturing pump truck increases by 0.4m³Displacement per minute.

In another technical scheme, in a cable type bridge-shooting combined operation method of a speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on underground tension, in a stage ignition stage, after the tension of an underground cable head has a differential tension of 80Kg, and after determining that bridge plug setting is released, an intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to a first cluster of perforation positions to position and stop.

In another technical scheme, in the cable bridge-shooting combined operation method of the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the underground tension, when the differential tension in the lowering stage exceeds-0.6 KN/s, the situation of meeting a resistance is indicated, and then when the intelligent winch continues to operate for more than 3m and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5 time of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task section of the intelligent winch to be executed, the intelligent winch is stopped and the situation of meeting a resistance is reported;

In another technical scheme, a speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on downhole tension is adoptedIn the traditional cable bridge shooting combined operation method, when the intelligent winch is lifted up and operated, when the differential tension of the lifting stage exceeds 2KN/s, the situation of card encountering is shown to be possible, then when the intelligent winch continuously operates for more than 3m, and the ground cable tension exceeds 1.3 times of the normal tension corresponding to the intelligent winch operation task section to be executed and is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}And meanwhile, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}If so, stopping the vehicle and giving an alarm to the occurrence of the card-encountering condition;

1. Intelligent Pumping System introduction

The intelligent winch system: the winch control system comprises a hydraulic cable winch system and an intelligent winch controller system, wherein the intelligent winch controller system comprises a data input system, a construction data acquisition system, a data processing system and an instruction feedback system, information programming such as depth, speed and tension can be carried out, and automatic operation of the winch can be realized. The conventional winch system also comprises a hydraulic cable winch system and a winch controller system, the operation procedure of the conventional winch system is completely carried out by depending on people, and constructors are required to adjust the operation state of the winch according to various construction parameters;

2. Intelligent pumping system operation principle

Before the bridge plug perforation combined operation is started, collected shaft data (well depth, well vertical depth, well inclination, full angle change rate and casing internal diameter) and downhole pipe string data (length and weight G) meeting construction requirements_{Pipe string}Maximum outer diameter) to determine the relevant parameters of the operation (cable head weakness force F)_{Weakness of point}Rated breaking force F of cable_{Cable with a protective layer}Maximum safe tension F of cable_SecurePressure limiting P of well head_{Limit of}) And (3) inputting the shaft and related operation parameters (the operating speed range of the increased pipe string in different depth intervals, the underground tension range, the ground tension range and the like) into an intelligent winch control system, and operating the intelligent winch according to the limiting conditions.

During the command execution process of the intelligent winch, the whole construction process is divided into five winch operation task stages according to different depth intervals of the operation of the construction pipe string and the operation direction of the winch.

2.1 automatic control operation stage of intelligent logging winch

2.1.1 first stage: and (4) lowering the pipe string at the vertical well section (the well depth corresponding to the well deflection of the shaft is 0-30 degrees, namely the well depth from the well mouth to the well deflection of 30 degrees).

during the period from the well depth of 300m to the deflecting point, the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10-15% when the tension of the ground cable is increased by 10-15%, and the tension of the underground cable head is controlled to be 0.1-0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled within 3600 m/h.

2.1.2 second stage: the string goes from the kick-off point to the bottom hole stage (i.e., from a well depth position at a well deviation of 30 deg. to the bottom hole).

When the intelligent winch continues to operate and the pipe string passes through the well depth position with the well inclination of 30 degrees, the winch control system feeds back information to require the fracturing pump truck to discharge according to the minimum stable discharge (such as 0.6 m)³Displacement per minute) and the downhole pipe string runs to the bottom of the well. Meanwhile, the tension at the downhole cable head is controlled to be 0.1-0.5F_{Weakness of point}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10-15% when the tension at the underground cable head is increased by 10-15%; when the tension at the underground cable head is reduced by 10-15% and the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 10-15%, the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled at 1800 plus materials 3600m/h, when the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted to be lower than the bottom limit speed of 1800m/h, the intelligent winch controller transmits information of the displacement increase of the fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, the displacement of the fracturing pump truck is increased, the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, when the tension at the underground cable head is increased by 10-15% and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10-15%, the speed of the intelligent winch is increased to 1800 plus materials 3600 m/h; after the displacement of the pump truck is increased, under the condition that the speed of the pipe string is not changed, the underground tension is increased, and the winch speed is increased by the winch controller according to the increasing amplitude of the underground tension, so that the winch speed is increased to be within a specified safe speed range.

2.1.3 third stage: and (4) grading the ignition stage.

The pipe string is pumped to the position 10m below the construction depth of the interval for stopping, then the winch starts to lift (the operation speed of the winch is 300-800m/h, and the tension at the underground cable head is controlled to be less than 0.5F during the operation_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}. The tension value exceeding the control is processed according to a card encountering program), according to a standard coupling identified by underground magnetic positioning, the intelligent winch is stopped after positioning the setting depth of the bridge plug according to the corresponding target depth, the manual key is used for braking and stabilizing, a ground control system of a winch operating room is used for supplying power to ignite the setting bridge plug, and after the underground tension has larger differential tension (50-80Kg), the manual key is used for releasing the brake after the setting of the bridge plug is released. The intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the first cluster of perforation positions for positioning and stopping, the manual brake is stopped stably, the ground control system supplies power to explode the first cluster of perforation guns, and the brake is released after the perforation is determined. And the winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the second shower hole position, and the previous procedure is repeated to complete the subsequent multi-shower hole task.

2.1.4 fourth stage: and lifting the pipe string after the clustered perforation from the horizontal section to the position of the inclined section (the well inclination angle is 30 degrees).

After the bridge plug setting and the ignition and perforation of the multi-cluster perforating gun are finished in the section, the intelligent winch starts to lift (the running speed of the winch is 300-2400 m/h), and the tension at the underground cable head is controlled to be less than 0.5F in the period_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}. The running speed of the winch is adjusted according to the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15-20% when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are simultaneously reduced by 10-15% on the basis of the controlled tension of the underground cable head and the controlled tension of the ground cable; when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are increased by 10% -15% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 15% -20%. The tension at the underground tension cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}And when the winch speed reaches 2400 m/h), maintaining the construction pipe string, and lifting the tool string to the position of an inclined section (the well depth with the well inclination angle of 30 degrees).

2.1.5 fifth stage: the pipe string is lifted to the wellhead from the depth of the deflecting point.

The intelligent winch continuously lifts the construction pipe string to the wellhead from the deflecting section, the speed during lifting is less than 3600m/h, and the tension at the underground cable head is controlled to be less than 0.6F_{Weakness of point}While the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The running speed of the winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15-20% when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are simultaneously reduced by 10-15%; when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are increased by 10% -15% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 15% -20%. The distance from the well head is 200m, the winch speed is 200 plus 500m/h, and the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}。

2.2 procedure for handling special conditions during construction:

the chance of tube string jamming and seizing during cable operations is very high and can easily lead to complications. Therefore, procedures for handling special conditions are proposed for intelligent winches.

2.2.1 judging whether the encountering resistance occurs according to the underground tension; and judging whether an emergency situation of card encountering occurs or not according to the underground tension and the ground cable tension.

2.2.2 when the winch is lowered to run, when the differential tension in the lowering stage exceeds a set threshold value (-0.6KN/s), the situation of meeting the resistance is possibly generated, and then when the winch continues to run for more than a set distance (2-3m), and the underground tension is less than 0.5 time of the normal tension corresponding to the intelligent winch running task section to be executed, the winch is stopped and the situation of meeting the resistance is reported;

2.2.3 when the winch is lifted up and operated, when the differential tension at the lifting-up stage is greater than a set threshold (2KN/s), the situation that the card is met is shown to be possible, and then when the winch continues to operate for a distance (2-3m) which is greater than the set distance, the ground cable tension exceeds the normal tension corresponding to the intelligent winch operation task segment to be executed by 1.3 times and is less than the maximum safe tension (0.4F)_{Cable with a protective layer}) While downhole tension is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}If so, stopping the vehicle and giving an alarm to the occurrence of the card-encountering condition;

2.2.4 when the emergency of meeting the block and the card occurs, the procedure of manually processing the block and the card is carried out;

2.2.5 when the meeting resistance is relieved, the winch stores the normal tension corresponding to the intelligent winch operation task section to be executed before the meeting resistance occurs, the depth of the meeting resistance and other parameters.

Stopping the winch from running, slowly (at the speed of 300m/h) lifting the winch until the tension of the cable is recovered to the normal tension corresponding to the intelligent winch running task section to be executed (the tension in the stage control tension range is the normal tension), and then lowering the winch (at the speed of 300 m/h);

2.2.6 after the encountering card is removed, the winch stores the normal tension corresponding to the intelligent winch operation task segment to be executed before the encountering card occurs, the depth of the encountering card occurring and other parameters;

the winch is lifted upwards (the speed is 300m/h) until the surface cable tension is less than the maximum safe tension and the underground tension is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}By the time, when the card encountering state disappears in the lifting process, the emergency situation of the card encountering is automatically solved. The winch resumes the lift-up sequence.

3 perfection and deep learning of intelligent pumping system

The core of the intelligent pumping system is an intelligent winch which needs to be operated based on a program of empirical data, and the empirical data is a series of construction data obtained by arranging, analyzing and summarizing various data during the operation of a large number of safely completed construction wells. The intelligent winch system needs to continuously run a large amount of experience data to realize deep learning so as to strengthen the safety and reliability of the system.

3.1 construction data acquisition

In the bridge plug perforation construction, shaft data (well depth, well vertical depth, well inclination, full angle change rate and casing inner diameter), downhole string data (length, weight and maximum outer diameter), operation parameters (cable head downhole tension, ground cable tension, wellhead pressure, injection displacement, winch speed and downhole differential tension) are main parameters for ensuring operation safety and high efficiency, so that timely and accurate acquisition of the data is a main basis. If the manual recording error is too large, a construction data acquisition system needs to be established to complete corresponding construction data collection. Namely, it is

3.1.1 first stage: during the lowering of the pipe string in a vertical well section (the well depth corresponding to the well deflection of a shaft is 0-30 degrees, namely the well depth position stage from a well mouth to the well deflection of 30 degrees), the system acquires the parameter information of the running speed of a cable, the tension of a ground cable, the tension of a well, the pressure of the well mouth and the lowering depth of the pipe string;

3.1.2 second stage: the string goes from the kick-off point to the bottom hole stage (i.e., from a well depth position at a well deviation of 30 deg. to the bottom hole). And when the intelligent winch continues to operate and the pipe string passes through the well depth position of 30 degrees of well inclination, the winch control system feeds back information to require the fracturing pump truck to pump according to the minimum stable displacement, and the underground pipe string operates towards the bottom of the well. The downhole tension feedback winch adjusts the speed, which is maintained within a certain range of operation. After the speed of the winch is adjusted to be lower than the bottom limit speed in a certain range, the winch feeds back fracturing pump truck information and increases the fracturing pump truck information by 0.3-0.4m³And the displacement of the winch is controlled according to the information fed back by the underground tension, so that the speed of the winch is increased to a specified range. When the underground pipe string is pumped to the required depth, the winch control system feeds back information to the fracturing pump truck control system to stop pumping, and then the pumping is stoppedAnd the rear winch stops running. During the period, the system acquires parameter information of the running speed of the cable, the tension of the ground cable, the tension of the underground well, the pressure of the wellhead, the running depth of the pipe string and the pump injection displacement;

3.1.3 third stage: and (4) grading the ignition stage. The pipe string is pumped to a position below the construction depth and is stopped, then the winch starts to lift up, the intelligent winch is stopped after positioning the setting depth of the bridge plug according to the lifting value according to the standard coupling identified by underground magnetic positioning, the artificial brake is stopped stably, the ground control system of the winch operating room supplies power to ignite the setting bridge plug, and after the underground tension has large differential tension, the situation that the setting of the bridge plug is released manually is determined. And the winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the position of the first cluster of perforation, the pipe string is positioned and stopped, the manual brake is stopped stably, the ground control system supplies power to explode the first cluster of perforation guns, and the brake is released after the perforation is determined. And automatically lifting the pipe string to the second shower hole position by the winch to stop, and then repeating the previous procedure to complete the subsequent multi-shower hole task. During the period, the intelligent winch system stores the data of the operation implementation thereof, and the acquired and stored information comprises the following information: the system comprises the following parameters of cable running speed, ground cable tension, underground tension, wellhead pressure, pipe string depth, ignition stopping time and pump injection displacement;

3.1.4 fourth stage: and lifting the pipe string after the clustered perforation from the horizontal section to the inclined section position creating stage. During the period, the system collects the parameter information of the running speed of the cable, the tension of the ground cable, the tension in the well, the pressure of the well head, the depth of the pipe string and the pump injection displacement;

3.1.5 fifth stage: the pipe string is lifted to the wellhead from the depth of the deflecting point. During this period, the system collects the cable running speed, surface cable tension, downhole tension, wellhead pressure, and depth parameter information of the string.

3.2 construction big data processing

The acquisition system collects corresponding data and then uses a single well as a unit, and the single well construction data is subjected to curve drawing and storage of various parameters. And classifying construction data according to the difference of the inner diameter, the vertical depth, the maximum full angle change rate of the shaft, the construction region, the length of the horizontal section, the maximum well deviation of the horizontal section, the length of the tool string and the maximum outer diameter, comparing various construction parameter curves according to categories, summarizing regular curves which tend to be consistent in the five-stage process in construction on the basis of construction safety and high efficiency, and further obtaining an experience curve, wherein the data range corresponding to the experience curve is the limiting parameter of the operation of the intelligent winch.

3.4 Intelligent winch deep learning

The acquired empirical data is used for the initial basic operation data of the intelligent winch, and the acquired empirical data is inspected in ground inspection, simulated well inspection and construction wells to continuously correct the safety of the operation data and then used for construction operation. In subsequent operation, through an artificial intelligence technology, the system continuously carries out deep learning through construction well operation parameters, improves the safe construction capacity of the intelligent winch under the conditions of different shaft conditions, different regions and different operation conditions, and meets the requirements of different types of construction well operation.

3.5 significance of Intelligent Pumping System establishment

3.5.1 the construction big data is collected and stored, so that the data can be conveniently replayed, the construction operation is compared, the conclusion with the purposes of safety and efficiency is obtained, the site construction management is adjusted, the unnecessary resource waste is avoided, and the economic benefit of the engineering operation is improved;

3.5.2 complete set of operation that this link of completion operation need 5 people (2 winch workers, 1 ground appearance operator, 1 pump sending commander, 1 pump truck operator) before this system implements, through intelligent pumping system put into use the back, only need 1 people just can accomplish the construction operation safely. The labor amount is reduced, the problems of labor amount increase caused by various personnel and difficult communication are solved, and the probability of engineering accidents caused by human factors such as personnel fatigue is reduced.

While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A controlled rate pumping perforation system based on downhole tension, comprising:

an intelligent winch;

2. The method of cabled bridging according to claim 1 employing a downhole tension based rate controlled pumping perforation system, comprising:

1) lowering of pipe string in vertical well section

2) the stage from the deflecting point to the bottom of the well

When the pipe string passes through the deflecting point, the intelligent winch controller controls the fracturing pump truck to pump according to the minimum displacement, then the pipe string runs to the bottom of the well, and in the period, the tension at the underground cable head is controlled to be 0.1-0.5F_{Weakness of point}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10-15% when the tension at the underground cable head is increased by 10-15%; the tension at the underground cable head is reduced by 10 to 15 percent each timeThe speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 10-15%, the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 3600m/h at 1800 plus materials, when the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted to be lower than 1800m/h, the intelligent winch controller transmits information of displacement increase of a fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, the displacement of the fracturing pump truck is increased, the speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension at the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 10-15% when the tension at the underground cable head is increased by 10-15%, so that the speed of the intelligent winch is increased to 3600m/h at 1800 plus materials;

3) staged ignition phase

During the period that the pipe string is lifted to the deflecting section by the intelligent winch, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.5F_{Weakness of point}And the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15-20% when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are simultaneously reduced by 10-15%; when the tension of the underground cable head and the tension of the ground cable are increased by 10-15% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 15-20%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is controlled to be 2400m/h, when the tension of the underground cable head is smallAt 0.5F_{Weakness of point}The tension of the ground cable is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}And the speed of the intelligent winch is kept when the speed reaches 2400 m/h;

During the period that the intelligent winch lifts the pipe string to be 200m away from the wellhead, the tension at the underground cable head is smaller than 0.6F_{Weakness of point}While the ground cable tension is less than 0.4F_{Cable with a protective layer}The speed of the intelligent winch is adjusted according to the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head, and the speed of the intelligent winch is increased by 15-20% when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are simultaneously reduced by 10-15%; when the tension of the ground cable and the tension of the underground cable head are increased by 10-15% at the same time, the speed of the intelligent winch is reduced by 15-20%, and the speed of the intelligent winch is enabled to be smaller than 3600 m/h;

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the string of pipes is conveyed from a kick point to a bottom hole stage, the intelligent winch controller transmits information of the displacement increase of the fracturing pump truck to the fracturing pump truck controller, and the fracturing pump truck increases by 0.3-0.4m³Displacement per minute.

4. The cable bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the downhole tension as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the stage of ignition, after the tension at the downhole cable head has a differential tension of 50-80Kg, and the bridge plug setting release is determined, the intelligent winch automatically lifts the pipe string to the first cluster of perforation positions to be positioned and stopped.

5. The cable bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the downhole tension as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the intelligent winch is lowered to run, when the differential tension in the lowering stage exceeds a set threshold, it is indicated that a blockage situation may occur, and then when the intelligent winch continues to run for a certain distance and the tension at the downhole cable head is less than 0.5 times of the normal tension corresponding to the running task segment of the intelligent winch to be executed, the intelligent winch is stopped and a blockage situation is reported to the alarm;

6. The cable bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the downhole tension as claimed in claim 5, wherein when the differential tension in the lowering stage exceeds-0.6 KN/s, it is indicated that a blockage situation may occur, and then when the intelligent winch continues to operate for more than 2-3m and the tension at the downhole cable head is less than 0.5 times of the normal tension corresponding to the task section of the intelligent winch to be executed, the intelligent winch is stopped and the blockage situation is alarmed to occur;

7. The cable bridge-shooting combined operation method adopting the speed-controlled pumping perforation system based on the downhole tension as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the intelligent winch is lifted up and operated, when the differential tension in the lifting stage exceeds a set threshold, it indicates that a jam condition may occur, and then when the intelligent winch continues to operate for a certain distance, the ground cable tension exceeds 1.3 times of the normal tension corresponding to the operation task segment of the intelligent winch to be executed and is less than the maximum safe tension, and meanwhile, the tension at the downhole cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}If so, stopping the vehicle and giving an alarm to the occurrence of the card-encountering condition;

8. The method of claim 7, wherein during the pulling up of the intelligent winch, when the differential tension of the pulling up stage exceeds 2KN/s, it indicates that a jam may occur, and then when the intelligent winch continues to operate for more than 2-3m, the ground cable tension exceeds 1.3 times and is less than 0.4F of the normal tension corresponding to the task section of the intelligent winch to be executed_{Cable with a protective layer}And meanwhile, the tension at the underground cable head is less than 0.7F_{Weakness of point}If so, stopping the vehicle and giving an alarm to the occurrence of the card-encountering condition;