CN113122218A - 一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂，以满足地层温度在40‑50℃的浅层油藏压裂开采的破胶需要，本中低温高效液体破胶剂主要由破胶活性物质和抑制变性促进破胶的抑促剂组成，对于以胍胶为稠化剂的天然植物胶压裂液或以聚丙烯酰胺为稠化剂的合成聚合物压裂液，在浅层油藏为40‑50℃地层温度条件具有很好的中低温破胶性能，本中低温高效破胶剂实际固含量仅需投加0.004％‑0.02％即可在12小时内将压裂液粘度降低至5mPa·S。通过调整本发明中低温高效液体破胶剂的用量，可有效控制破胶时间，具有破胶效果好，现场施工加料方便等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石油压裂开采领域，具体涉及一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂。
背景技术
以胍胶类天然植物胶或聚丙烯酰胺HPAM类合成聚合物为稠化剂的水基压裂液是油田低渗油藏压裂开采应用最多最广的压裂液类型，以过硫酸盐为代表的氧化型固体破胶剂是其最常用的破胶剂。由于浅层油藏地温较低，过硫酸盐对用于浅层低温低渗油藏压裂开采的压裂液的低温破胶性能显著变差，目前通常采用搭配激活剂亚硫酸钠的方法以提高过硫酸盐的低温破胶性能，但仍然难以将有效破胶温度降至50℃以下，存在低温破胶时间较长、性能不稳定、破胶效果差、不能满足浅层低渗油藏45℃左右低温压裂破胶需要的问题，此外，继续采用加料斗人工操作投料，还存在增大现场施工安全风险和劳动强度以及诱发地层H2S含量增加的突出问题，存在现场投料耗时费力、无法精确计量加料等问题。中国专利公开了“一种低温破胶激活剂及其使用方法”(申请号CN202011247575.5)，该低温破胶激活剂是由质量百分数为0.2～0.5％的乙酰丙酮亚铁、0.3～0.8％的硫酸亚铁和0.5～3％的葡萄糖组成，余量为水。该低温破胶激活剂需要配合过硫酸铵或过氧化氢使用，能够在低温30-40℃时将胍胶压裂液粘度降低至5mPa·S以内。但是该低温破胶激活剂含有的的Fe+2破胶后会生成Fe(OH)3沉淀，可能会对地层和施工过程带来影响。生物破胶酶在低温条件下破胶性能较好，但受限于地层pH问题，不能完全保持生物破胶酶活性，且生物破胶酶成本较高，制备方法复杂，导致其适应性低，应用面窄。因此，开发一种低温高效液体破胶剂很有必要。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种油田压裂用低温高效液体破胶剂，提高天然植物胶压裂液和合成聚合物压裂液的破胶效果与技术水平。
本发明的技术方案是提供了一种适用于天然植物胶压裂液破胶和合成聚合物压裂液破胶的在40-50℃地层温度下破胶性能优良的低温液体破胶剂及其使用方法。所述中低温破胶剂为由破胶活性物质、抑制变性促进破胶的抑促剂和水组成的水溶液，其各组分所占的质量百分数为：破胶活性物质2～6％，抑促剂10～200mg/L，余量为水。该中低温破胶剂用于45℃压裂液低温破胶时的加入量为0.2％-1％之间，实际固含量仅为0.004％-0.02％，对45℃压裂液低温破胶效果好，相比传统固体破胶剂，本发明破胶剂便于利用泵阀按计量连续均匀加料，提高破胶效果降低劳动强度。
进一步地，破胶活性物质为富铜碱金属复盐(铜盐占比30～80％)，其中铜盐优选硫酸铜、氯化铜和硝酸铜，其余主要为钠盐和钾盐(钠盐：钾盐＝1:0.2～5)；抑促剂为醇胺、苯并三氮唑和氯化钯的复合物(三者质量比为1000～4000:100～400:1)的1％水溶液。
所述低温液体破胶剂制备方法为：首先在带搅拌的反应釜中加入计量的水，然后按计量加入富铜碱金属复盐并搅拌至完全溶解，接着再将提前配好的抑促剂按计量加入搅拌混合均匀，最后再进行计量装桶即可。
本中低温液体破胶剂适用于天然植物胶压裂液破胶和合成聚合物压裂液破胶，优选的加料方式为利用泵阀按计量连续均匀加料。对于以胍胶为稠化剂的天然植物胶压裂液和以聚丙烯酰胺为稠化剂的合成聚合物压裂液，在12h内破胶降粘至5mPa.s以下所需的破胶剂用量为0.2％-1％之间。
本发明的有益效果是:解决了45℃低温油藏压裂液的破胶问题；破胶效果好，12h内可将天然植物胶压裂液破胶和合成聚合物压裂液破胶降粘至5mPa·S以下；液体破胶剂采用泵阀按计量连续均匀加料，节省了人工成本，破胶剂加入量随时可控，能更好的迎合施工现场情况；
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂的制备方法，以及将其用于压裂液破胶的使用量、破胶效果。
所述中低温液体破胶剂中各组分的质量百分数为：富铜碱金属复盐4％，抑促剂80mg/L，余量为水。其中，富铜碱金属复盐中的铜盐占比为50～55％，抑促剂中的醇胺、苯并三氮唑和氯化钯的质量比为1800:150:1。
液体破胶剂的制备方法：
步骤一：先加700kg清水于搅拌釜中，再加入20公斤-22公斤硫酸铜，18-20kg钠盐和钾盐(钾盐：钠盐＝1：5)，搅拌溶解；
步骤二：取事先配好的抑促剂80mL，边搅拌边加入搅拌釜中，然后补水至1吨，即得1吨油田压裂用低温高效液体破胶剂。
对于胍胶压裂液和聚丙烯酰胺压裂液，可利用泵阀计量连续均匀加料，控制破胶剂用量为压裂液的0.1～1％，在12h内使冻胶状压裂液破胶降粘至5mPa.s以下。
表1液体破胶剂1#破胶实验
| 压裂液种类 | 破胶剂1#加入量 | 破胶时间(h) | 水化液粘度(mP·S) |
| 40℃胍胶压裂液 | 0.1％ | 8h | 3.35 |
| 40℃聚丙烯酰胺类压裂液 | 0.8％ | 12h | 4.28 |
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂的制备方法，以及将其用于压裂液破胶的使用量、破胶效果。
所述低温液体破胶剂中各组分的质量百分数为：富铜碱金属复盐2％，抑促剂200mg/L，余量为水。其中，富铜碱金属复盐的铜盐占比为70～80％，抑促剂中醇胺、苯并三氮唑和氯化钯的质量比为4000:400:1。
液体破胶剂的制备方法：
步骤一：先加700kg清水于搅拌釜中，再加入14-16kg硝酸铜，再加入4-6kg钠盐和钾盐(钾盐：钠盐＝1：1)，搅拌溶解；
步骤二：取事先配好的抑促剂200mL，边搅拌边加入搅拌釜中，然后补水至1吨，即得1吨油田压裂用低温高效液体破胶剂。
对于胍胶压裂液和聚丙烯酰胺压裂液，可利用泵阀计量连续均匀加料，控制破胶剂用量为压裂液的0.1～1％，在12h内使冻胶状压裂液破胶降粘至5mPa.s以下。
表2液体破胶剂2#破胶实验
| 压裂液种类 | 破胶剂2#加入量 | 破胶时间(h) | 水化液粘度(mP·S) |
| 45℃胍胶压裂液 | 0.3％ | 7h | 3.08 |
| 45℃聚丙烯酰胺类压裂液 | 0.9％ | 10h | 3.95 |
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂的制备方法，以及将其用于压裂液破胶的使用量、破胶效果。
所述低温液体破胶剂中各组分的质量百分数为：
富铜碱金属复盐6％，抑促剂10mg/L，余量为水。其中，富铜碱金属复盐的铜盐占比为30～35％，抑促剂中醇胺、苯并三氮唑和氯化钯的质量比为1000:100:1。
液体破胶剂的制备方法：
步骤一：先加700kg清水于搅拌釜中，再加入18-21kg氯化铜，再加入39-42kg钠盐和钾盐(钾盐：钠盐＝5：1)，搅拌溶解；
步骤二：取事先配好的抑促剂10mL，边搅拌边加入搅拌釜中，然后补水至1吨，即得1吨油田压裂用低温高效液体破胶剂。
对于胍胶压裂液和聚丙烯酰胺压裂液，可利用泵阀计量连续均匀加料，控制破胶剂用量为压裂液的0.1～1％，在12h内使冻胶状压裂液破胶降粘至5mPa.s以下。
表3液体破胶剂3#破胶实验
| 压裂液种类 | 破胶剂3#加入量 | 破胶时间(h) | 水化液粘度(mP·S) |
| 50℃胍胶压裂液 | 0.2％ | 6h | 2.85 |
| 50℃聚丙烯酰胺类压裂液 | 1％ | 8h | 3.74 |
以上所述仅为本发明优选实施例，并不用以限制本发明。凡是在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、同等替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂，其特征在于：所述中低温破胶剂由破胶活性物质、抑促剂组成。其各组分所占的质量百分数为：破胶活性物质2～6％，抑促剂10～200mg/L，余量为水。
2.一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂，其特征在于：权利要求1中的破胶活性物质为富铜碱金属复盐(铜盐占比30～80％)，其中铜盐优选硫酸铜、氯化铜和硝酸铜，其余主要为钠盐和钾盐，其中钠盐和钾盐的质量比为1：0.2～5；抑促剂为醇胺、苯并三氮唑和氯化钯的复合物(三者质量比为1000～4000:100～400:1)的1％水溶液。
3.一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂，其特征在于：对于以胍胶为稠化剂的天然植物胶压裂液或以聚丙烯酰胺为稠化剂的合成聚合物压裂液，添加固含量为0.004％-0.02％的油田压裂用低温破胶剂即可具有很好的破胶性能。
4.一种制备如权利1-3所述的一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
首先在带搅拌的反应釜中加入计量的水，然后按计量加入富铜碱金属复盐并搅拌至完全溶解，接着再将配好的抑促剂按计量加入搅拌混合均匀，最后再进行计量装桶即可。
5.一种用于水基压裂液的中低温高效液体破胶剂的应用，其特征在于：该液体破胶剂破胶温度为40-50℃，12h内破胶后水化液粘度降低至5mPa·S以下。
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