CN113121294B - NTO and ATO eutectic explosive and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
NTO and ATO eutectic explosive and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Amitrole Chemical compound NC1=NC=NN1 KLSJWNVTNUYHDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=NC(=O)NN1 QJTIRVUEVSKJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 96
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001757 thermogravimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 triazolone nitrogen heterocyclic compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- RKRHHKAVLKVARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1,2,4-triazol-3-one Chemical compound NC1=NC(=O)N=N1 RKRHHKAVLKVARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
- C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0008—Compounding the ingredient
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an NTO/ATO eutectic explosive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of energetic materials. The invention takes 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-ketone (NTO) and 5-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-ketone (ATO) as raw materials, and prepares the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive by a solvent volatilization method. The method comprises the following steps: and (2) dissolving NTO and ATO in a solvent with the pH value of 2-3 at room temperature, fully mixing, standing in a constant temperature environment, slowly volatilizing, crystallizing, filtering and drying to obtain the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive. The pKa of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive prepared by the method is 8.72, the acidity is far less than that of NTO, and the acidity problem of NTO is effectively improved. Meanwhile, the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive has good safety. The preparation method is simple, mild in condition and low in production cost. The eutectic explosive has good application prospect as a high-energy low-sensitivity explosive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-energy low-sensitivity eutectic explosive and a preparation method thereof, in particular to an NTO and ATO eutectic explosive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of energetic materials.
Background
The triazolone nitrogen heterocyclic compound has the characteristics of high density, high nitrogen content, high heat of formation and the like, and is widely applied in the field of energetic materials. Among them, 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one (NTO) is a representative of triazolone nitrogen heterocyclic explosive, and has been widely paid attention by domestic and foreign scholars due to its characteristics of high energy level, good safety, simple synthesis process, low manufacturing cost, etc. At present, NTO is used in an insensitive ammunition formula of multi-country army, and has a good application prospect.
However, the acidic problem of NTO limits its wider application. The nitro and carbonyl in the NTO molecular structure have stronger electron-withdrawing effect, and are positioned adjacent to the nitrogen atom at the 4-position on the NTO triazole ring, so that the H at the 4-position is easier to ionize. Therefore, NTO exhibits strong acidity (pKa of 3.76) when present in an electrolyte environment. The NTO inevitably contacts the water (electrolyte) environment in the air during storage, transportation or use, thereby causing acidic corrosion to the weapons and directly affecting the life and use of the weapons and even threatening the safety of personnel and weapons. Therefore, how to reduce or solve the acidity of the NTO has been the focus of attention of researchers.
By utilizing the eutectic technology, different molecules can be combined in the same unit cell through intermolecular non-covalent bond action to form a multi-component molecular crystal with novel structure and performance. 5-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-one (ATO) is similar to NTO, belongs to triazolone nitrogen heterocyclic compound, and has the advantages of high density and high nitrogen content. After the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is formed by the two through an eutectic technology, the dissociation of H in an NTO triazole ring is hopefully inhibited through acting forces such as intramolecular (inter) hydrogen bonds and the like on the premise of not reducing energy and safety level, and the acidity problem of NTO is effectively improved. At present, no published documents are reported about the preparation of NTO/ATO eutectic explosive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of corrosion of NTO acidity to weaponry, and provides a 3-nitro-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-ketone (NTO) and 5-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-ketone (ATO) eutectic explosive and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions.
An NTO and ATO eutectic explosive with a molecular formula of C8H16N16O10Belonging to the monoclinic system, P21Space group of/c, crystal density 1.656g/cm3(293K) In that respect The molecular structure diagram is shown in figure 1.
A preparation method of an NTO and ATO eutectic explosive comprises the following specific steps:
step one, preparation of mixed solution of NTO and ATO
And (3) adjusting the pH value of the deionized water to 2-3 by using a low-concentration nitric acid solution at room temperature, and preparing a specified solvent by using the deionized water. The appropriate amount of NTO was dissolved in the indicated solvent, followed by the addition of the appropriate amount of ATO to the NTO solution. Finally, ultrasonic treatment is carried out to fully mix the components to obtain a mixed solution of NTO and ATO;
step two, preparation of NTO/ATO eutectic explosive
Standing the mixed solution prepared in the step one in a constant temperature environment (15-45 ℃), slowly volatilizing the solvent to generate crystals, filtering and drying to obtain the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive.
The specific solvent is water or a mixture of water and methanol and water and ethanol in a certain proportion, wherein the volume ratio of the water to the organic solvent in the mixed solvent is 1:1, 1:2 and 2: 1.
The molar ratio of NTO to ATO in the above step was 1: 1.
The NTO/ATO eutectic explosive can be used in mixed explosive in three charging forms of press mounting, melt casting and pouring, and can be applied to combat parts such as armor breaking, explosion killing, penetration and the like.
Advantageous effects
1. The pKa of the prepared NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is 8.72, which is far less than that of NTO, so that the acidity problem caused by H dissociation in NTO is effectively improved.
2. According to the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive prepared by the invention, a water molecule is introduced into a structural unit, so that various hydrogen bond actions can be formed in the eutectic, and the stability of the eutectic structure is improved. In addition, water molecules in the eutectic can absorb more hot spots, and the mechanical sensitivity of the eutectic explosive is reduced.
3. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, simple and convenient operation, easy manufacture, mild experimental conditions and low production cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a molecular structure diagram of an NTO/ATO eutectic explosive;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of an NTO/ATO eutectic explosive;
FIG. 3 is an infrared absorption spectrum of an NTO/ATO eutectic explosive and components
FIG. 4 is an X-ray powder diffraction pattern of an NTO/ATO eutectic explosive and components;
FIG. 5 is a Raman spectrum of an NTO/ATO eutectic explosive and components;
FIG. 6 is a thermogram of an NTO/ATO eutectic explosive.
Detailed Description
In order to make the experimental technical scheme of the invention clearer, the invention is further described in detail by combining the attached drawings and examples.
Example 1
50mL of deionized water was added to the glass vial, the pH of the deionized water was adjusted to 2 with a low concentration nitric acid solution, followed by the addition of 0.049g of NTO and 0.036g of ATO. The glass bottle was shaken ultrasonically until the NTO, ATO particles were completely dissolved. And (3) adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to 45 ℃, slowly evaporating the solvent under the constant temperature condition, filtering and drying after a large amount of crystals are separated out, and obtaining the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive.
Example 2
A glass vial was charged with 100mL of deionized water, the pH of the deionized water was adjusted to 2.5 with a low concentration nitric acid solution, followed by the addition of 0.098g NTO and 0.072g ATO. The glass bottle was shaken ultrasonically until the NTO, ATO particles were completely dissolved. And (3) adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to 35 ℃, slowly evaporating the solvent under the constant temperature condition, filtering and drying after a large amount of crystals are separated out, and obtaining the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive. The thermal decomposition temperature of the eutectic explosive was 242.89 ℃. The impact sensitivity of the eutectic explosive is more than 40J and is better than NTO (15J); the friction sensitivity of the eutectic explosive is more than 360N, the eutectic explosive is at the same level with NTO (more than 360N), and the surface NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is an explosive insensitive to mechanical stimulation.
Example 3
50mL of deionized water was added to the glass vial, the pH of the deionized water was adjusted to 3 with a low concentration nitric acid solution, followed by the addition of 0.049g of NTO and 0.036g of ATO. The glass bottle was shaken ultrasonically until the NTO, ATO particles were completely dissolved. And (3) adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to 25 ℃, slowly evaporating the solvent under the constant temperature condition, filtering and drying after a large amount of crystals are separated out, and obtaining the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive. The acid dissociation constant pKa value of the eutectic explosive was found to be 8.72. The pKa value of the eutectic explosive is far greater than that of NTO, which indicates that the acidity of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is weaker than that of NTO, and the use safety is improved.
Example 4
A glass vial was charged with 200mL of deionized water and 100mL of absolute ethanol, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 2 with a low concentration nitric acid solution, followed by the addition of 0.196g of NTO and 0.144g of ATO. The glass bottle was shaken ultrasonically until the NTO, ATO particles were completely dissolved. And (3) adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to 40 ℃, slowly evaporating the solvent under the constant temperature condition, filtering and drying after a large amount of crystals are separated out, and obtaining the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive. Placing the eutectic explosive directly on 45#After 30 days on the steel, no corrosion of the steel sheet was observed. Therefore, when the eutectic explosive is used in the warhead, an anticorrosive layer does not need to be added in the inner layer of the shell of the warhead, the manufacturing time of the warhead is saved, and the manufacturing process and the cost of the warhead are saved. The use of the eutectic explosive improves the use safety of the explosive from the source. The NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is expected to be applied to mixed explosives in three loading modes of pressing, casting and pouring, and can be applied to battle parts such as armor breaking, explosion killing, penetration and the like.
Example 5
25mL of deionized water and 50mL of absolute ethanol were added to a glass vial, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 2.5 with a low concentration nitric acid solution, followed by the addition of 0.025g of NTO and 0.018g of ATO. The glass bottle was shaken ultrasonically until the NTO, ATO particles were completely dissolved. And (3) adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to 30 ℃, slowly evaporating the solvent under the constant temperature condition, filtering and drying after a large amount of crystals are separated out, and obtaining the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive. The impact sensitivity of the eutectic explosive is more than 40J, and the friction sensitivity is more than 360N.
Example 6
A glass vial was charged with 500mL of deionized water and 250mL of absolute ethanol, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 3 with a low concentration nitric acid solution, followed by the addition of 0.49g NTO and 0.36g ATO. The glass bottle was shaken ultrasonically until the NTO, ATO particles were completely dissolved. And (3) adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to 20 ℃, slowly evaporating the solvent under the constant temperature condition, filtering and drying after a large amount of crystals are separated out, and obtaining the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive.
Example 7
2500mL of deionized water and 2500mL of anhydrous methanol were charged into a glass vial, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 2 with a low-concentration nitric acid solution, followed by the addition of 2.5g of NTO and 1.8g of ATO. The glass bottle was shaken ultrasonically until the NTO, ATO particles were completely dissolved. And (3) adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to 35 ℃, slowly evaporating the solvent under the constant temperature condition, filtering and drying after a large amount of crystals are separated out, and obtaining the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive. The acid dissociation constant pKa value of the eutectic explosive was found to be 8.72. The impact sensitivity of the eutectic explosive is more than 40J, and the friction sensitivity is more than 360N. The detonation velocity of the eutectic explosive was 8320m/s, which was at essentially the same level as NTO (8550 m/s). While the energy level is ensured, the formation of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive solves the acidity problem of NTO, and reduces the sensitivity of NTO to mechanical stimulation in a small amplitude.
Example 8
25mL of deionized water and 50mL of anhydrous methanol were added to a glass vial, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 2.5 with a low concentration nitric acid solution, followed by the addition of 0.025g of NTO and 0.018g of ATO. The glass bottle was shaken ultrasonically until the NTO, ATO particles were completely dissolved. And (3) adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to 25 ℃, slowly evaporating the solvent under the constant temperature condition, filtering and drying after a large amount of crystals are separated out, and obtaining the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive.
Example 9
A glass vial was charged with 50mL of deionized water and 25mL of anhydrous methanol, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 3 with a low concentration nitric acid solution, followed by the addition of 0.049g of NTO and 0.036g of ATO. The glass bottle was shaken ultrasonically until the NTO, ATO particles were completely dissolved. And (3) adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature box to 15 ℃, slowly evaporating the solvent under the constant temperature condition, filtering and drying after a large amount of crystals are separated out, and obtaining the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive.
The structure of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is confirmed by a single crystal X-ray diffractometer, and the molecular structure is shown in figure 1. From the results it can be seen that: the NTO molecules, the ATO molecules and the water molecules are interacted in a molar ratio of 1:1:1 through N-H … O, O-H … O, N-H … N and the like to form the eutectic explosive. The unit cell parameters are as follows: 10.3737(11), 17.138(2), 12.1635 and 113.007 (4).
The NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is characterized by structure by adopting methods such as a scanning electron microscope, an infrared spectrum, powder diffraction, a Raman spectrum and thermal analysis.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of NTO/ATO eutectic explosive. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is needle-shaped. FIG. 3 is an infrared absorption spectrum of an NTO/ATO eutectic explosive and components. As can be seen in FIG. 3, a new characteristic peak of the eutectic explosive appeared (e.g., at 1242.1 cm) compared to NTO and ATO-1Where a new absorption peak appears). In addition, characteristic peaks of NTO and ATO appear in the infrared spectrum of the eutectic crystal, and partial peaks are shifted. The above evidence demonstrates that new interactions are formed in the co-crystal. Fig. 4 and 5 show x-ray powder diffraction patterns and raman spectra of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive and each component, and characteristic peaks of the formed eutectic are obviously shifted compared with those of the raw material. From the above, it can be judged that NTO and ATO form a eutectic.
FIG. 6 is a thermogram of an NTO/ATO eutectic explosive. At 102.61 deg.C, the eutectic shows the first weight loss process, accompanied by an endothermic phenomenon, with an endothermic peak temperature of 112.43 deg.C, which is caused by the crystal water removed from the eutectic. The second weight loss process of the eutectic is 233.09 ℃, the peak temperature of the exothermic peak is 242.89 ℃ along with the exothermic phenomenon, namely the thermal decomposition temperature of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive.
The friction sensitivity and the impact sensitivity of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive are tested by using a BAM method, and the result shows that the impact sensitivity of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is more than 40J, and the friction sensitivity is more than 360N, which indicates that the mechanical sensitivity of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is lower than that of NTO, and the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive has better safety performance.
The acidic dissociation constant pKa value of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive measured by a titration method is 8.72, which is far greater than that of NTO, and shows that the acidity of the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive is weaker than that of NTO.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An NTO and ATO eutectic explosive is characterized in that: the molecular formula of the eutectic explosive is C8H16N16O10Belonging to the monoclinic system, P21The space group/c, pKa 8.72, and crystal density 1.656g/cm3(293K) (ii) a The molecular structure diagram is shown in figure 1:
the preparation method of the eutectic explosive of NTO and ATO comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation of mixed solution of NTO and ATO
Adjusting the pH value of deionized water to 2-3 by using a low-concentration nitric acid solution at room temperature, and preparing a solvent by using the deionized water; dissolving a proper amount of NTO in the specified solvent, and then adding a proper amount of ATO into the NTO solution; finally, ultrasonic treatment is carried out to fully mix the components to obtain a mixed solution of NTO and ATO; the molar ratio of NTO to ATO is 1: 1;
step two, preparation of NTO/ATO eutectic explosive
Standing the mixed solution prepared in the step one in a constant temperature environment of 15-45 ℃, slowly volatilizing the solvent to generate crystals, filtering and drying to obtain the NTO/ATO eutectic explosive;
the solvent is water or a mixture of water and methanol or water and ethanol in a certain proportion, wherein the volume ratio of water to the organic solvent in the mixed solvent is 1:1, 1:2 or 2: 1;
the eutectic explosive of NTO and ATO can be applied to mixed explosives in three loading modes of pressing, casting and pouring, can be applied to combat parts such as armor breaking, explosion killing and penetration, and does not need to be additionally coated with anticorrosive paint on the inner layer of a shell of the combat part.
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| US4733610A (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1988-03-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, a less sensitive explosive |
| US9701592B1 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-07-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Single-step production method for nano-sized energetic cocrystals by bead milling and products thereof |
| CN111017917A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-17 | 广东石油化工学院 | Preparation method of nitrogen-doped graphene material based on 4-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole-5-one |
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