CN113120871A - Method for heating desulfurization nitrogen in acid preparation by smelting flue gas - Google Patents
Method for heating desulfurization nitrogen in acid preparation by smelting flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN113120871A CN113120871A CN202010045675.3A CN202010045675A CN113120871A CN 113120871 A CN113120871 A CN 113120871A CN 202010045675 A CN202010045675 A CN 202010045675A CN 113120871 A CN113120871 A CN 113120871A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
- C01B17/74—Preparation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for heating desulfurized nitrogen in acid preparation by smelting flue gas, and relates to the technical field of acid preparation by smelting flue gas. According to the invention, the newly-added heat exchanger is connected in the original conversion system, on the premise of not damaging the original thermodynamic equilibrium system, the waste heat of the flue gas in the conversion system is utilized, so that the nitrogen gas in the desulfurization process is heated to the temperature required by the process, and the desulfurization electric heating mode is replaced, thereby saving a large amount of electric charge, and the waste heat of the flue gas in the original conversion process pipeline is reduced, so that the load of a boiler system which is in overload work in daily work is reduced, and the service life is prolonged; when the system is not used or overhauled, the newly-added heat exchanger system can be completely isolated by controlling the electric valve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of acid preparation by smelting flue gas, in particular to a method for heating desulfurization nitrogen in acid preparation by smelting flue gas.
Background
In the process of producing acid by utilizing smelting flue gas by enterprises, most of the enterprises need to carry out a purification process, a drying process, a conversion process and a desulfurization process; the heat exchanger and the converter are required to be matched for use in the smelting flue gas acid making conversion process, as shown in figure 1, the flue gas finally enters a boiler system, but the temperature of the flue gas cannot be accurately mastered under most conditions, so that the boiler system is always in overload operation, and the service life of the boiler system is extremely unfavorable.
Most of desulfurization process technologies in the existing smelting enterprises are activated coke desulfurization, the main adsorption medium in desulfurization is activated carbon, and spontaneous combustion is caused by easy heat storage under the condition of higher environmental temperature, so that nitrogen protection is introduced, namely, the contact between the activated carbon and oxygen is isolated, and the spontaneous combustion is avoided. According to the process requirement, the nitrogen is required to be heated to 500 ℃, and the heating mode of each smelting enterprise is electric heating, as shown in figure 3, the electricity cost for heating the nitrogen per year is up to millions of yuan.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to utilize the waste heat generated in the conversion process to heat the desulfurized nitrogen gas to replace a desulfurization electric heating mode, thereby saving the electric charge; meanwhile, the load of the boiler can be reduced, and the service life of the boiler can be prolonged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for heating desulfurization nitrogen in acid preparation by smelting flue gas comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: purification step
The method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing high-concentration sulfur dioxide flue gas with the sulfur dioxide concentration of more than 11 percent generated in the smelting and converting processes, and enabling the flue gas subjected to dust removal to sequentially pass through a primary efficient scrubber, a gas cooling tower, a secondary efficient scrubber, a primary electric demisting and a secondary electric demisting and enter a drying tower;
step two: transformation procedure
The dried gas enters a sulfur dioxide blower and is sent to a conversion process, wherein the conversion process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that flue gas is sent into a third heat exchanger through a sulfur dioxide blower to be heated, then enters a first heat exchanger to be heated continuously, the flue gas is heated through the first heat exchanger and then enters a first layer of a converter to be heated, an outlet pipeline of the first layer of the converter is connected with a newly-added heat exchanger and the first heat exchanger respectively, an outlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger is connected with an outlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger, a part of the flue gas is heated through the first layer of the converter and then enters the newly-added heat exchanger, the flue gas enters the newly-added heat exchanger to exchange heat; the flue gas is heated by the first heat exchanger, and then the other part of the flue gas enters the first heat exchanger for heat exchange, then the flue gas and the flue gas entering the newly-added heat exchanger are combined in an outlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger and then enter the second heat exchanger, and after the flue gas exchanges heat with the second heat exchanger, the flue gas sequentially enters the second heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger for heat exchange, and then the flue gas enters the boiler after passing through the other outlet pipeline of the third heat exchanger;
step three: desulfurization step
The flue gas enters a desulfurization procedure through the boiler outlet, and the desulfurization procedure is as follows: introducing flue gas to be desulfurized into a regeneration tower, performing active coke desulfurization, and introducing nitrogen as protective gas into the flue gas; the outlet pipeline of the regeneration tower is connected with the inlet pipeline of the newly added heat exchanger through a high-temperature heat exchange fan, and the outlet pipeline of the newly added heat exchanger is connected with the inlet pipeline of the regeneration tower; nitrogen enters the newly-added heat exchanger from the outlet pipeline of the regeneration tower through the high-temperature heat exchange fan for heat exchange and temperature rise, and then enters the regeneration tower from the outlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger;
furthermore, an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline of the third heat exchanger in the second step are connected, and a first electric valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline;
in the second step, the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger are connected, and a second electric valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline;
a third electric valve is arranged on the pipeline connecting the outlet pipeline of the first layer of the converter and the newly-added heat exchanger in the second step;
a fourth electric valve is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the first layer of the converter in the second step, which is far away from the joint of the newly added heat exchanger and is close to the inlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger;
and a fifth electric valve is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger and the outlet connecting pipeline of the first heat exchanger in the second step.
Furthermore, a sixth electric valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the high-temperature heat exchange fan and the inlet of the newly-added heat exchanger in the third step;
in the third step, an inlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger is connected with an outlet pipeline, and a seventh electric valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline;
and further, in the third step, nitrogen enters a newly-added heat exchanger for heat exchange and is heated to 500 ℃.
Further, in the second step, the temperature of the outlet pipeline of the boiler needs to be higher than 185 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects
According to the invention, the newly-added heat exchanger is connected in the original conversion system, on the premise of not damaging the original thermodynamic equilibrium system, the waste heat of the flue gas in the conversion system is utilized, so that the nitrogen gas in the desulfurization process is heated to the temperature required by the process, and the desulfurization electric heating mode is replaced, thereby saving a large amount of electric charge, and the waste heat of the flue gas in the original conversion process pipeline is reduced, so that the load of a boiler system which is in overload work in daily work is reduced, and the service life is prolonged; when the system is not used or overhauled, the newly-added heat exchanger system can be completely isolated by controlling the electric valve.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a part of the structure in the original acid making and conversion process by smelting flue gas provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of the improved smelting flue gas acid making conversion process provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a part of the structure in the original process of producing acid and desulfurizing by using smelting flue gas provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a part of the improved smelting flue gas acid-making and desulfurizing process provided by the invention;
in the figure, the position of the upper end of the main shaft,
1. a third heat exchanger; 2. a first heat exchanger; 3. a second heat exchanger; 4. a converter; 5. newly adding a heat exchanger; 6. a first electrically operated valve; 7. a second electrically operated valve; 8. a third electrically operated valve; 9. a fourth electrically operated valve; 10. a fifth electrically operated valve; 11. a regeneration tower; 12. a high temperature heat exchange fan; 13. an electric heater; 14. a sixth electrically operated valve; 15. a seventh electrically operated valve; 16. a boiler.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, those skilled in the art will now describe the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the invention provides a method for heating desulfurized nitrogen in acid preparation by smelting flue gas, which comprises the following specific contents:
a method for heating desulfurization nitrogen in acid making by smelting flue gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: purification step
The method comprises the steps of utilizing high-concentration sulfur dioxide flue gas with the sulfur dioxide concentration of more than 11 percent generated in the smelting and converting processes, enabling the flue gas after dust removal to sequentially pass through a primary efficient scrubber, a gas cooling tower, a secondary efficient scrubber, a primary electric demisting device and a secondary electric demisting device, and enabling the flue gas to enter a drying tower.
Step two: transformation procedure
The dried gas enters a sulfur dioxide blower and is sent to a conversion process, wherein the temperature of the flue gas is about 80 ℃, and the partial conversion process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that flue gas is sent into a third heat exchanger 1 through a sulfur dioxide blower to be heated, the temperature of the flue gas is about 270-285 ℃ after the temperature is raised, the flue gas enters a first heat exchanger 2 to be continuously heated, the temperature of the flue gas is about 405-; the temperature of the flue gas is increased by the first layer of the converter 4, and then the other part of the flue gas enters the first heat exchanger 2 for heat exchange, and then the flue gas and the flue gas entering the newly-added heat exchanger 5 are combined in the other outlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger 2 and enter the second layer of the converter 4, the temperature of the flue gas is about 450 ℃ before entering the second layer of the converter 4, the flue gas exchanges heat with the second layer of the converter 4 and then sequentially enters the second heat exchanger 3, the third layer of the converter 4 and the third heat exchanger 1 for heat exchange, and the flue gas enters the boiler; the temperature of the flue gas is about 540 ℃ before entering the second heat exchanger 3, the temperature of the flue gas is about 450 ℃ before entering the three layers of the converter 4, the temperature of the flue gas after heat exchange of the three layers of the converter 4 is about 470 ℃, and the temperature of the flue gas is about 240-280 ℃ before entering the boiler 16 after heat exchange of the third heat exchanger 1;
step three: desulfurization step
The flue gas enters a desulfurization procedure through the outlet of the boiler 16, and the partial desulfurization procedure is as follows: the flue gas to be desulfurized enters a regeneration tower 11 to be desulfurized by active coke, and nitrogen is used as protective gas and introduced into the flue gas; an outlet pipeline of the regeneration tower 11 is connected with an inlet pipeline of the newly added heat exchanger 5 through a high-temperature heat exchange fan 12, and an outlet pipeline of the newly added heat exchanger 5 is connected with an inlet pipeline of the regeneration tower 11; nitrogen enters the newly-added heat exchanger 5 from an outlet pipeline of the regeneration tower 11 through the high-temperature heat exchange fan 12 for heat exchange and temperature rise, then enters the regeneration tower 11 from an outlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger 5, and the temperature of the nitrogen before entering the newly-added heat exchanger 5 is about 235 ℃.
Further, in the second step, an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline of the third heat exchanger 1 are connected, and a first electric valve 6 is arranged on the connecting pipeline, the flue gas is subjected to heat exchange in a third step and then is controlled by the first electric valve 6 from 80 ℃ to 240 ℃, and under a general condition, the opening degree of the first electric valve 6 is 5-20%;
in the second step, the inlet pipeline and the outlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger 2 are connected and the second electric valve 7 is arranged on the connecting pipeline, the temperature of the flue gas is raised to 405-410 ℃ through the first heat exchanger 2 and is controlled by the second electric valve 7, and under the general condition, the opening degree of the second electric valve 7 is 0%;
in the second step, a third electric valve 8 is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the outlet pipeline of the first layer of the converter 4 and the newly-added heat exchanger 5 and can be used for controlling the heating amount of nitrogen in the newly-added heat exchanger 5;
in the second step, a fourth electric valve 9 is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the converter 4 on the layer far away from the joint of the newly-added heat exchanger 5 and close to an inlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger 2 and is used for controlling the outlet temperature of the first heat exchanger 2, in the control mode, the temperature of nitrogen fluctuates when the load changes, at the moment, the first electric valve 6 and the second electric valve 7 need to be adjusted according to the temperature of the nitrogen to ensure the outlet temperature of the nitrogen, and a nitrogen temperature alarm point is set for a safety central control interface to remind operation;
and a fifth electric valve 10 is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger 5 and the outlet connecting pipeline of the first heat exchanger 2 in the second step.
Further, a sixth electric valve 14 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the high-temperature heat exchange fan 12 and the inlet of the newly-added heat exchanger 5 in the third step and is used for controlling the flow of nitrogen entering the newly-added heat exchanger 5;
in the third step, an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger 5 are connected, and a seventh electric valve 15 is arranged on the connecting pipeline;
further, in the third step, nitrogen enters a newly-added heat exchanger 5 for heat exchange and is heated to 500 ℃.
Further, the temperature of the outlet pipeline of the boiler 16 in the second step needs to be more than 185 ℃.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the flue gas in the original conversion process of making acid from smelting flue gas is sent to the conversion process through a sulfur dioxide blower, at this time, the flue gas temperature is about 80 ℃, and the opening degree of the first electric valve 6 is 100%: the flue gas is sent into a third heat exchanger 1 by a sulfur dioxide blower to be heated, the temperature of the flue gas after being heated is about 240 ℃, then the flue gas enters a first heat exchanger 2 to be heated continuously, the temperature of the flue gas is about 405-; on the basis, the invention verifies whether the newly-added heat exchanger system can reasonably utilize the waste heat without destroying the balance of the original thermodynamic system in a calculation mode, and calculates the annual electricity saving cost.
3 ten thousand cubic volumes of nitrogen, designated 17667NM3, are heated from 235 deg.C to 500 deg.C, the required heat being
Q1Q IN-Q OUT
=29.94*17667*500/22.4-29.238*17667*235/22.4=6387779kj
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
29.94: 500 ℃ nitrogen average molecular heat capacity kj/kmol. k
29.238: 235 degree nitrogen average molecular heat capacity kj/kmol
17667: standard cubic volume m3
500: the outlet temperature of nitrogen gas is lower
235: the inlet temperature of nitrogen gas is DEG C
22.4: molar number of gas kmol
Loss: 5 ℃ 39632 ═ 198160kj
Counting in a subtotal manner: 198160+ 6387779-6585939 kj-1829 kw
The heat of system redundancy is the heat entering the boiler
Q2 out-Q in 53049001 ═ 24081385kj/h ═ 6689kw
The same principle is calculated by 240 degrees of flue gas entering the boiler, and the system redundancy is 3864kw
The redundant heat of the system can completely meet the requirement of nitrogen heating.
The cost of the electric heating of nitrogen gas is directly saved in this project:
at present, the power consumption of the electric heating nitrogen is 30000 degrees per day, the price is calculated according to 0.42 yuan/kwh, and the power consumption per day is 12600 yuan. Besides high and low load fluctuation, the electricity cost can be saved by 415.8 ten thousand yuan per year according to 330 days per year.
Claims (5)
1. A method for heating desulfurization nitrogen in acid making by smelting flue gas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: purification step
The method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing high-concentration sulfur dioxide flue gas with the sulfur dioxide concentration of more than 11 percent generated in the smelting and converting processes, and enabling the flue gas subjected to dust removal to sequentially pass through a primary efficient scrubber, a gas cooling tower, a secondary efficient scrubber, a primary electric demisting and a secondary electric demisting and enter a drying tower;
step two: transformation procedure
The dried gas enters a sulfur dioxide blower and is sent to a conversion process, wherein the conversion process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that flue gas is sent into a third heat exchanger (1) through a sulfur dioxide blower to be heated, then enters a first heat exchanger (2) to be continuously heated, the flue gas is heated through the first heat exchanger (2) and then enters a converter (4) to be heated in a layer mode, an outlet pipeline of the converter (4) in the layer mode is connected with a newly-added heat exchanger (5) and the first heat exchanger (2) respectively, an outlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger (5) is connected with an outlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger (2), a part of the flue gas is heated through the converter (4) in the layer mode and then enters the newly-added heat exchanger (5), the flue gas enters the newly-added heat exchanger (5) to exchange heat with nitrogen; the flue gas is heated by one layer of the converter (4), and the other part of the flue gas enters the first heat exchanger (2) for heat exchange, then is combined with the flue gas entering the newly-added heat exchanger (5) in the other outlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger (2), enters the second layer of the converter (4), exchanges heat with the second layer of the converter (4), sequentially enters the second heat exchanger (3), the third layer of the converter (4) and the third heat exchanger (1) for heat exchange, and enters the boiler (16) through the other outlet pipeline of the third heat exchanger (1);
step three: desulfurization step
The flue gas enters a desulfurization process through the outlet of the boiler (16), and the desulfurization process comprises the following steps: the flue gas to be desulfurized enters a regeneration tower (11) to be desulfurized through active coke, and nitrogen is used as protective gas and introduced into the flue gas; an outlet pipeline of the regeneration tower (11) is connected with an inlet pipeline of the newly added heat exchanger (5) through a high-temperature heat exchange fan (12), and an outlet pipeline of the newly added heat exchanger (5) is connected with an inlet pipeline of the regeneration tower (11); nitrogen enters the newly-added heat exchanger (5) from an outlet pipeline of the regeneration tower (11) through the high-temperature heat exchange fan (12) to exchange heat and raise the temperature, and then enters the regeneration tower (11) from an outlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger (5).
2. The method for heating the desulfurization nitrogen in the acid preparation by the smelting flue gas as recited in claim 1, wherein in the second step, an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline of the third heat exchanger (1) are connected, and a first electric valve (6) is arranged on the connecting pipeline;
in the second step, an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger (2) are connected, and a second electric valve (7) is arranged on the connecting pipeline;
in the second step, a third electric valve (8) is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the outlet pipeline of the first layer of the converter (4) and the newly-added heat exchanger (5);
in the second step, a fourth electric valve (9) is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the first layer of the converter (4) far away from the joint of the newly-added heat exchanger (5) and close to the inlet pipeline of the first heat exchanger (2);
and a fifth electric valve (10) is arranged on the outlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger (5) and the outlet connecting pipeline of the first heat exchanger (2) in the second step.
3. The method for heating the desulfurization nitrogen in the acid preparation by the smelting flue gas according to claim 2, wherein a sixth electric valve (14) is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the high-temperature heat exchange fan (12) and the inlet of the newly added heat exchanger (5) in the third step;
and in the third step, an inlet pipeline and an outlet pipeline of the newly-added heat exchanger (5) are connected, and a seventh electric valve (15) is arranged on the connecting pipeline.
4. The method for heating the desulfurization nitrogen in the acid preparation by the smelting flue gas as recited in claim 2, wherein the nitrogen in the third step enters a newly added heat exchanger (5) for heat exchange and temperature rise to 500 ℃.
5. The method for heating the desulfurization nitrogen in the acid preparation by the smelting flue gas as recited in claim 2, wherein the temperature of the outlet pipeline of the boiler (16) in the second step is required to be more than 185 ℃.
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