CN113120158B - Anchoring device and anchoring method - Google Patents
Anchoring device and anchoring method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113120158B CN113120158B CN202110337722.6A CN202110337722A CN113120158B CN 113120158 B CN113120158 B CN 113120158B CN 202110337722 A CN202110337722 A CN 202110337722A CN 113120158 B CN113120158 B CN 113120158B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- anchor chain
- pressure regulating
- regulating valve
- anchor
- chain wheel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/22—Handling or lashing of anchors
Abstract
The disclosure provides an anchoring device and an anchoring method, and belongs to the technical field of ships. The anchoring device comprises an anchor machine, a speed measuring mechanism and a braking mechanism. The anchor machine comprises an anchor chain wheel, and an anchor chain is wound on the anchor chain wheel; the speed measuring mechanism is located one side of the anchor chain wheel is connected, the braking mechanism comprises an electromagnetic proportion pressure regulating valve, an electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve, a braking oil cylinder and a braking belt, the electromagnetic proportion pressure regulating valve is in communication connection with the speed measuring mechanism, the braking belt is coated on the peripheral wall of the anchor chain wheel, the end part of the braking belt is hinged to a piston rod of the braking oil cylinder, and the braking oil cylinder is configured to drive the braking belt to generate different coating forces on the anchor chain wheel according to different input electric signals of the electromagnetic proportion pressure regulating valve. This openly through the device of breaking down, can guarantee that the anchor chain transfers fast in certain speed interval, reduced because of the anchor accident of losing that the crew misoperation leads to, or even casualty accident.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of ships, and particularly relates to an anchoring device and an anchoring method.
Background
The anchor machine is used as an important auxiliary machine on a ship and mainly has the main functions of electric anchor lifting, electric anchor releasing and gravity anchor dropping. Electric bolting refers to the process of using a motor to retrieve an anchor lip from the sea floor. Electric bolting refers to the process of lowering an anchor using a motor. Gravity anchoring refers to the process of disengaging the power and lowering the anchor under the action of gravity.
In the related technology, the gravity anchoring adopts a manual brake, and a naval crew adjusts the tightness of the brake according to experience so as to control the lowering speed of the anchor chain. When the lowering speed of the anchor chain is excessively high through visual inspection, the brake is controlled to improve the braking force, and the lowering speed of the anchor chain is reduced. When the lowering speed of the anchor chain is excessively low through visual inspection, the brake is controlled to reduce the brake braking force and increase the lowering speed of the anchor chain.
However, when the gravity anchoring method is adopted, firstly, the requirement on the crew is high, and the crew with rich anchoring experience is required to control, otherwise, the anchoring efficiency is influenced, and even the personal safety is influenced if the crew loses the anchor. Secondly, the braking force needs to be continuously adjusted in the gravity anchoring process, the labor intensity of the naval crew is high, the spirit needs to be highly concentrated, and errors can occur due to carelessness.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the disclosure provides an anchoring device and an anchoring method, which can ensure that an anchor chain is quickly lowered in a certain speed interval, and reduce anchor loss accidents and even casualty accidents caused by misoperation of naval personnel. The technical scheme is as follows:
the embodiment of the disclosure provides an anchoring device, which comprises an anchor machine, a speed measuring mechanism and a braking mechanism;
the anchor machine comprises an anchor chain wheel, and an anchor chain is wound on the anchor chain wheel;
the speed measuring mechanism is connected with one side of the anchor chain wheel and is used for monitoring the rotating speed of the anchor chain wheel;
the brake mechanism comprises an electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve, an electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve, a brake oil cylinder and a brake belt, the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve is in communication connection with the speed measuring mechanism, an oil inlet of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve is communicated with an oil outlet of an oil pump, a control oil port of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve is communicated with the oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve, an oil drain port of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve is communicated with an oil tank, an oil inlet of the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve is communicated with the oil outlet of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve, an oil outlet of the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve is communicated with the oil tank, a first working oil port of the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve is communicated with a rod cavity of a spring of the brake oil cylinder, a second working oil port of the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve is communicated with a rodless cavity of the brake oil cylinder, the brake band is coated on the peripheral wall of the anchor chain wheel, the end part of the brake band is hinged with a piston rod of the brake oil cylinder, and the brake oil cylinder is configured to drive the brake band to generate different coating forces on the anchor chain wheel according to different input electric signals of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve.
In another implementation manner of the present disclosure, the brake mechanism further includes a safety pressure reducing valve, an oil inlet of the safety pressure reducing valve is used for being communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump, an oil outlet of the safety pressure reducing valve is communicated with an oil inlet of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve, an oil drain port of the safety pressure reducing valve is communicated with the oil tank, and a control oil port of the safety pressure reducing valve is communicated with the oil outlet of the safety pressure reducing valve.
In another implementation manner of the present disclosure, the braking mechanism further includes a check valve, an oil inlet of the check valve is communicated with an oil outlet of the safety pressure reducing valve, and an oil outlet of the check valve is communicated with an oil inlet of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve.
In another implementation manner of the present disclosure, the input electrical signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve satisfies the following formula:
y is the input electrical signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve, and the unit is mA;
t, t and t are time variables with the unit of s;
k. k and k are the change rates of the current in unit time corresponding to the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve in different stages respectively, and the unit is mA · s -1 ；
N is the actual rotating speed of the anchor chain wheel, and the unit is rpm;
and N is the preset rotating speed of the anchor chain wheel, and the unit is rpm.
In yet another implementation of the present disclosure, k 0 Greater than k.
In yet another implementation of the present disclosure, the t 1 Satisfies t is less than or equal to 2s 1 ≤3s。
In yet another implementation of the present disclosure, there is provided an anchoring method, including:
controlling the brake band to release the brake on the anchor chain wheel;
controlling an input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve to enable the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel to be lower than the external load of the anchor chain wheel, so that the anchor chain enters a gravity anchoring process;
monitoring the lowering speed of the anchor chain through the speed measuring mechanism;
and controlling an input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve according to the lowering speed of the anchor chain, so that the lowering speed of the anchor chain is lower than a threshold range.
In another implementation manner of the present disclosure, the controlling the input electrical signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve so that the braking force of the braking band on the anchor chain wheel is lower than the external load of the anchor chain wheel, the anchor chain entering a gravity anchoring process includes:
the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve is changed in proportion with time.
In another implementation manner of the present disclosure, the controlling the input electrical signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve according to the lowering speed of the anchor chain so that the lowering speed of the anchor chain is lower than a threshold range includes:
if the lowering speed of the anchor chain is higher than the minimum value of the threshold range, controlling the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve to increase so that the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel is increased;
and if the lowering speed of the anchor chain is lower than the maximum value of the threshold range, controlling the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve to be reduced, so that the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel is reduced.
In yet another implementation manner of the present disclosure, the anchoring method further includes:
and when the lowering speed of the anchor chain exceeds the maximum value in the threshold range, the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve is controlled to reverse, so that the brake belt can completely brake the anchor chain wheel.
In yet another implementation manner of the present disclosure, the anchoring method further includes:
and when the lowering speed of the anchor chain exceeds the maximum value in the threshold range, the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve is controlled to reverse, so that the brake belt can completely brake the anchor chain wheel.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the following beneficial effects:
because this device of throwing anchor includes tacho mechanism and arrestment mechanism, and tacho mechanism is used for monitoring the rotational speed of anchor chain wheel, so that detect the receiving and releasing speed of anchor chain, so, the anchor chain is in the in-process of transferring, when detecting the transfer speed of anchor chain too high or low, the electromagnetic proportion air-vent valve among the arrestment mechanism can automatic adjustment, with the corresponding electrical signal of rotational speed that arrives through the tacho mechanism survey, change its switching degree, so that make the braking cylinder realize the flexible of different length, and then drive the braking area and produce different brake forces to the anchor chain wheel, so that carry out the braking of different degrees to the anchor chain wheel, so that adjust the transfer speed of anchor chain in real time, in order to ensure gravity anchor breaking process, the transfer speed of anchor chain accords with actual conditions completely.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a knot schematic of an anchoring device provided by embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a hydraulic control schematic diagram of a braking mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an anchoring method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of another anchoring method provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure.
The symbols in the drawings represent the following meanings:
1. an anchor machine; 10. a machine base; 11. an anchor sprocket; 12. a clutch; 13. a motor; 14. a gear case;
2. a speed measuring mechanism;
3. a brake mechanism; 31. an electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve; 32. an electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve; 33. a brake cylinder; 34. a braking band; 35. a safety relief valve; 36. a one-way valve.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The disclosed embodiment provides an anchoring device, and as shown in fig. 1, the anchoring device comprises an anchor machine 1, a speed measuring mechanism 2 and a braking mechanism 3. The anchor machine 1 comprises an anchor chain wheel 11, and an anchor chain is wound on the anchor chain wheel 11.
The speed measuring mechanism 2 is located one side of the anchor chain wheel 11 and connected, and the speed measuring mechanism 2 is used for monitoring the rotating speed of the anchor chain wheel 11.
Fig. 2 is a hydraulic control schematic diagram of a brake mechanism provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, and referring to fig. 2, the brake mechanism 3 includes an electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31, an electromagnetic two-position four-way directional control valve 32, a brake cylinder 33 and a brake band 34, the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 is in communication connection with the speed measuring mechanism 2, an oil inlet a of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 is used for communicating with an oil outlet of an oil pump, a control oil port c of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 is communicated with an oil outlet B of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31, an oil drain port d of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 is used for communicating with an oil tank, an oil inlet P of the electromagnetic two-position four-way directional control valve 32 is communicated with the oil outlet B of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31, an oil outlet T of the electromagnetic two-position four-way directional control valve 32 is communicated with the oil tank, a first working oil port a of the electromagnetic two-position four-way directional control valve 32 is communicated with a rod-shaped cavity of the brake cylinder 33, a second working oil port B of the electromagnetic two-position four-way directional control valve 32 is communicated with a rodless cavity of the brake cylinder 33, the brake band 34 is wrapped on the outer peripheral wall of the anchor sprocket 11, the end of the brake band 34 is hinged with the piston rod of the brake cylinder 33, and the brake cylinder 33 is configured to drive the brake band 34 to generate different wrapping forces on the anchor sprocket 11 according to different input electric signals of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31.
When the anchoring device provided by the embodiment of the disclosure carries out gravity anchoring, when a naval crew shifts to a gravity anchoring stage according to a superior instruction, the anchoring machine 1 can be controlled, so that the anchor chain wheel 11 starts to rotate, and the anchor chain starts to be rapidly transferred.
Because this device of breaking anchor includes speed sensor 2 and arrestment mechanism 3, and speed sensor 2 is used for monitoring the rotational speed of anchor chain wheel 11, so that detect the receive and release speed of anchor chain, the anchor chain is in the process of transferring, when detecting the transfer speed of anchor chain too high or low excessively, electromagnetic proportion air-vent valve 31 among the arrestment mechanism 3 can automatic adjustment, with the corresponding electrical signal of rotational speed through the mechanism 2 survey of measuring, change its degree of opening and closing, so that make braking cylinder 33 realize the flexible of different length, and then drive braking band 34 and produce different brake force to anchor chain wheel 11, so that carry out the braking of different degrees to anchor chain wheel 11, so that adjust the transfer speed of anchor chain in real time, in order to ensure gravity breaking process, the transfer speed of anchor chain accords with actual conditions completely.
Referring again to fig. 1, it should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the anchor machine 1 is a horizontal anchor machine.
In actual use, the hydraulic pump is first stopped, and no hydraulic pressure is applied to the piston and the piston rod of the brake cylinder 33. That is, the anchor sprocket 11 is completely tightened by the braking band 34, and both the anchor chain wound around the anchor sprocket 11 of the anchor machine 1 and the anchor coupled to one end thereof are in a stationary state.
When the anchor is broken, the rotation speed of the anchor chain wheel 11 of the anchor machine 1 is measured by the speed measuring mechanism 2 arranged on the anchor chain wheel 11. The degree of opening and closing of the electromagnetic proportional pressure-regulating valve 31 (the cross-sectional area of the path between the input port and the output port) changes in accordance with an electrical signal corresponding to the rotational speed measured by the tachometer means 2. At this time, the pressure of the pressurized oil supplied from the electromagnetic two-position four-way selector valve 32 into the rodless chamber of the hydraulic brake cylinder 33 rises or falls, and the piston rod of the brake cylinder 33 expand or contract, so that the brake band 34 is driven to generate different braking forces to the anchor sprocket 11, thereby controlling the speed of the anchor chain wound around the anchor sprocket 11 and the anchor coupled to one end thereof.
With continued reference to fig. 1, in this embodiment, the anchor machine 1 further includes a frame 10, and the anchor sprocket 11 is rotatably connected to the frame 10. The anchor machine 1 further comprises a clutch 12, a fixed jaw of the clutch 12 is fixed with the side wall of the anchor chain wheel 11, a movable jaw of the clutch 12 is slidably sleeved on a rotating shaft of the anchor chain wheel 11 along the axial direction of the anchor chain wheel 11, and the movable jaw is meshed with the fixed jaw. The windlass 1 further comprises a motor 13 and a gear box 14, the motor 13 being in driving connection with an input of the gear box 14, and an output of the gear box 14 being in driving connection with a moving jaw of the clutch 12.
In the above implementation, the horizontal type anchor machine 1 can save the deck space. Furthermore, the anchor machine 1 is configured as described above, so that the anchor sprocket 11 can be freely rotated by the motor 13 and the gear case 14. Meanwhile, whether the anchor chain wheel 11 is separated from the driving of the motor 13 can be effectively controlled by arranging the clutch 12 to realize free rotation, namely gravity anchorage.
Alternatively, the speed measuring mechanism 2 may be an encoder.
It is to be understood that the tachometer means 2 may have other configurations, and may be not only a device capable of directly measuring the number of revolutions such as a tachometer but also a device capable of indirectly determining the number of revolutions from measurement results obtained by a revolution sensor, a rotor position sensor, and the like. The units measured by the speed measuring means 2 include, for example, rotation per minute (rpm), rotation per second (rps), and radian per second (rad/sec). The speed measuring mechanism 2 is provided at an end of the rotation shaft of the anchor sprocket 11, but the position is not limited thereto, and may be any position as long as the rotation speed of the anchor sprocket 11 can be measured.
Referring to fig. 2 again, optionally, the braking mechanism 3 further includes a safety pressure reducing valve 35, an oil inlet a of the safety pressure reducing valve 35 is used for being communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump, an oil outlet b of the safety pressure reducing valve 35 is communicated with an oil inlet a of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31, an oil drain port d of the safety pressure reducing valve 35 is communicated with the oil tank, and a control oil port c of the safety pressure reducing valve 35 is communicated with an oil outlet b of the safety pressure reducing valve 35.
In the implementation described above, the arrangement of the safety relief valve 35 is capable of relieving the pressure oil output by the hydraulic oil pump to within the allowable pressure range of the electromagnetic proportional pressure-regulating valve 31.
In actual use, the safety relief valve 35 is set to a fixed value, which can limit the maximum pressure entering the hydraulic brake cylinder 33.
Optionally, the braking mechanism 3 further includes a check valve 36, an oil inlet of the check valve 36 is communicated with an oil outlet b of the safety pressure reducing valve 35, and an oil outlet of the check valve 36 is communicated with an oil inlet a of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31.
In the above implementation, the provision of the check valve 36 ensures that the hydraulic oil can only flow in one direction, i.e., from the safety pressure reducing valve 35 to the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31.
Alternatively, the input electrical signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 satisfies the following formula:
y is the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve, and the unit is mA.
t 1 、t 2 、t 3 Is a time variable in units of s.
k 0 K and k are the change rates of the current in unit time corresponding to the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve in different stages respectively, and the unit is mA · s -1 。
N is the actual rotational speed of the anchor sprocket in rpm.
N 0 The rotational speed is preset for the anchor sprocket in rpm.
In the above implementation manner, after the gravity anchoring condition is entered, the input electrical signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 can be controlled to have a slope k 0 The pressure is rapidly increased so that the proportional solenoid pressure regulating valve 31 outputs the pressure to the critical value P0 (in this case, the braking force is slightly smaller than the critical state of the external load), and then the anchor sprocket 11 enters the rotating state.
At this time, the input electric signal of proportional solenoid pressure regulating valve 31 is controlled again to slowly increase with slope k, i.e., to slow the brake release rate of brake band 34, during which anchor sprocket 11 is continuously in a speed increasing state (0 < N0 segment).
When the rotation speed of the anchor sprocket 11 reaches the set value, the change slope k of the input electrical signal controlling the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 is inverted to-k again, the output pressure of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 is reduced, the brake band 34 starts to slowly brake, and the rotation speed of the anchor sprocket 11 is reduced (N is more than or equal to segment N0).
When the rotation speed of the anchor chain wheel 11 is lower than the set value again, the slope of the control function is changed back to k, the output pressure of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 is increased, the brake belt 34 is slowly released, the anchor chain wheel 11 enters an acceleration state again, and the process is repeated until the gravity anchoring is completed.
Alternatively, t 1 Satisfies t is less than or equal to 2s 1 ≤3s。
The rate of change can be preliminarily estimated based on a mathematical model of the anchor drop motion and appropriately corrected by testing. Wherein k is 0 Is selected so that 2 s.ltoreq.t 1 When 3s or less, the braking torque T is balanced with the external load, namely the gravity anchoring starts for 2 to 3s or so, and the anchor chain wheel 11 starts to rotate.
Preset value N of rotation speed 0 Can be selected according to actual use requirements. It should be noted that the loosening and tightening of the braking band 34 require a reaction time, and that the anchor machine 1 itself has a large moment of inertia, so that the rotation speed of the anchor sprocket 11 reaches the preset value N 0 The speed increase and the speed reduction of (1) necessarily require a process, namely:
N max ＞N 0 ；N min ＜N 0 ；
in the formula: n is a radical of max The actual maximum rotational speed, rpm, of the anchor sprocket; n is a radical of min Is the actual minimum rotational speed, rpm, of the anchor sprocket.
Further analysis revealed that N should be as high as possible max And N min Approaches to N 0 The speed fluctuation when the anchor is broken down is reduced, and the acceleration value after the anchor chain wheel starts to rotate must be as small as possible, namely the k value should be as small as possible and generally does not exceed 5 percent of the total variation of the control oil pressure.
In this embodiment, in order to enable the speed measuring mechanism 2 to feed back the detection information to the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 in real time, the anchoring device further includes a controller (not shown in the figure), and the controller is in telecommunication communication with the speed measuring mechanism 2 and the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31.
The Controller is a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 is controlled by a PLC, and the output pressure of the brake cylinder 33 is adjusted in real time according to the change of the rotating speed of the anchor chain wheel 11, so that the rotating speed of the anchor chain wheel 11 is controlled. The electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve 32 is also controlled by the PLC, and in the gravity anchoring process, the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve 32 is switched to the left position by being electrified and is matched with the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 to complete speed control.
When the anchoring is stopped, the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve 32 loses power, the valve core returns to the right position under the action of the spring to cut off an oil way, and the hydraulic brake cylinder 33 is used for contracting brake and brake of the anchor-stopping chain wheel 11 under the action of the spring.
When a naval crew shifts to a gravity anchoring stage according to a superior instruction, the brake is switched on, the clutch is released, the gravity anchoring button is pressed down, and the anchor chain begins to be rapidly released under the control of the controller.
And in the process of lowering the anchor chain, the controller controls the speed measuring mechanism to detect the lowering speed of the anchor chain in real time.
When the lowering speed of the anchor chain is detected to be higher than the maximum value in the threshold range, the controller sends a deceleration instruction to the braking mechanism, the braking mechanism controls the braking belt 34 to be slightly tightened, the braking force is increased, and the lowering speed of the anchor chain is reduced.
And the speed measuring mechanism continues to detect the lowering speed of the anchor chain, compares the lowering speed with the maximum value and the minimum value in the threshold range, and repeats the speed reduction instruction if the detected speed is still higher than the maximum value in the threshold range.
If the detected speed is lower than the maximum value within the threshold range, the controller sends an acceleration command to the brake mechanism, the brake mechanism controls the brake band 34 to slightly release, the brake force is reduced, and the anchor chain continues to be quickly lowered. And if the speed is within the threshold range, the anchor chain is continuously and rapidly lowered.
When the controller receives an active anchoring stopping instruction, the anchoring stopping button is pressed down, the brake band 34 is tightly held and switched on, and the gravity anchoring operation is finished.
An anchoring method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure is described below with reference to fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of an anchoring method provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, which is based on the anchoring device described above, in conjunction with fig. 3. The anchoring method comprises the following steps:
s301: and controlling the brake belt to release the brake on the anchor chain wheel.
S302: and controlling an input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve to enable the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel to be lower than the external load of the anchor chain wheel so as to enable the anchor chain to enter a gravity anchoring process.
S303: and monitoring the lowering speed of the anchor chain through a speed measuring mechanism.
S304: and controlling an input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve according to the lowering speed of the anchor chain, so that the lowering speed of the anchor chain is lower than a threshold range.
When the gravity anchoring is carried out by the anchoring method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure, when a crew shifts to a gravity anchoring stage according to a superior instruction, the anchor machine 1 can be controlled, so that the anchor chain wheel 11 starts to rotate, and the anchor chain starts to be rapidly released. The speed of transferring of anchor chain is monitored through speed measuring mechanism 2, and according to the speed of transferring of anchor chain, the input signal of telecommunication of control electromagnetism proportion air-vent valve simultaneously to the speed of transferring of real-time adjustment anchor chain. Just so carry out the braking of different degrees to anchor sprocket 11, and then real-time adjustment anchor chain's speed of transferring to ensure the gravity and break down the in-process, anchor chain's speed of transferring accords with actual conditions completely.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of another anchoring method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, and in conjunction with fig. 4, the anchoring method includes:
s401: and controlling the brake belt to release the brake on the anchor chain wheel.
Firstly, the anchor chain on the anchor chain wheel can rotate freely by controlling the brake belt, namely, the anchor chain is prepared in advance for entering the gravity anchoring stage.
S402: and controlling an input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve to enable the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel to be lower than the external load of the anchor chain wheel so as to enable the anchor chain to enter a gravity anchoring process.
The input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve is controlled, so that the braking force of the braking belt is slightly smaller than the external load of the anchor chain wheel, and the anchor chain wheel can rotate.
S403: and monitoring the lowering speed of the anchor chain through a speed measuring mechanism.
The speed measurement mechanism can monitor the lowering speed of the anchor chain in real time.
S404: and controlling an input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve according to the lowering speed of the anchor chain, so that the lowering speed of the anchor chain is lower than a threshold range.
Alternatively, step S404 is implemented by:
if the lowering speed of the anchor chain is higher than the minimum value of the threshold range, controlling the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve to increase so that the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel is increased;
and if the lowering speed of the anchor chain is lower than the maximum value of the threshold range, the input electric signal for controlling the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve is reduced, so that the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel is reduced.
In the above embodiment, the output value of the electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 in the brake mechanism 3 is controlled to increase the output pressure, so that the lowering speed of the anchor chain can be correspondingly reduced.
The output value of the electrical signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve 31 in the brake mechanism 3 is controlled to reduce the output pressure, so that the lowering speed of the anchor chain can be correspondingly increased.
S405: when the lowering speed of the anchor chain exceeds the maximum value in the threshold range, the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve is controlled to reverse, so that the brake belt can completely brake the anchor chain wheel.
In the electric control system, besides the target value of the anchoring speed, a maximum speed V is also set max When the anchor dropping device cannot effectively control the anchor chain speed to be at the target value for some reasons and the anchor chain speed is faster and faster under the action of gravity acceleration, once the anchor chain speed exceeds V max At the moment, the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve can be controlled to reverse, so that the rodless cavity oil source of the brake oil cylinder is cut off, the brake oil cylinder is rapidly reset under the action of the spring to drive the brake belt to tightly hold the anchor chain wheel, the emergency brake on the anchor chain wheel is realized, and the personal and equipment safety accidents are avoided.
The above description is intended to be exemplary only and not to limit the present disclosure, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure is to be considered as the same as the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. The anchoring device is characterized by comprising an anchor machine (1), a speed measuring mechanism (2) and a braking mechanism (3);
the anchor machine (1) comprises an anchor chain wheel (11), and an anchor chain is wound on the anchor chain wheel (11);
the speed measuring mechanism (2) is positioned on one side of the anchor chain wheel (11), and the speed measuring mechanism (2) is used for monitoring the rotating speed of the anchor chain wheel (11);
the brake mechanism (3) comprises an electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31), an electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve (32), a brake oil cylinder (33) and a brake belt (34), the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31) is in communication connection with the speed measuring mechanism (2), an oil inlet (a) of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31) is communicated with an oil outlet of an oil pump, a control oil port (c) of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31) is communicated with an oil outlet (b) of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31), an oil drain port (d) of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31) is communicated with an oil tank, an oil inlet (P) of the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve (32) is communicated with the oil outlet (b) of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31), an oil outlet (T) of the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve (32) is communicated with the oil tank, and a first working oil port (A) of the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve (32) is communicated with the brake oil cylinder (33) ) The spring of the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve (32) is communicated with a rod cavity, a second working oil port (B) of the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve (32) is communicated with a rodless cavity of the brake oil cylinder (33), the brake belt (34) is coated on the peripheral wall of the anchor chain wheel (11), the end part of the brake belt (34) is hinged with a piston rod of the brake oil cylinder (33), and the brake oil cylinder (33) is configured to drive the brake belt (34) to generate different coating forces on the anchor chain wheel (11) according to different input electric signals of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31);
the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31) meets the following formula:
y is the input electrical signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve, and the unit is mA;
t 1 、t 2 、t 3 is a time variable with the unit of s;
k 0 k and k are the change rates of the current in unit time corresponding to the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve in different stages respectively, and the unit is mA · s -1 ；
N is the actual rotating speed of the anchor chain wheel, and the unit is rpm;
N 0 presetting a rotation speed for the anchor chain wheel, wherein the unit is rpm;
k 0 is greater than k, and the t 1 Satisfies t is less than or equal to 2s 1 ≤3s; N max ＞N 0 ；N min ＜N 0 ，N max Is the actual maximum rotational speed, rpm, of the anchor sprocket; n is a radical of min Is the actual minimum rotational speed, rpm, of the anchor sprocket.
2. The anchoring device according to claim 1, wherein the braking mechanism (3) further comprises a safety pressure reducing valve (35), an oil inlet (a) of the safety pressure reducing valve (35) is used for being communicated with an oil outlet of the oil pump, an oil outlet (b) of the safety pressure reducing valve (35) is communicated with an oil inlet (a) of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31), an oil drainage port (d) of the safety pressure reducing valve (35) is communicated with the oil tank, and a control oil port (c) of the safety pressure reducing valve (35) is communicated with the oil outlet (b) of the safety pressure reducing valve (35).
3. The anchoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that the braking mechanism (3) further comprises a one-way valve (36), the oil inlet of the one-way valve (36) is communicated with the oil outlet (b) of the safety pressure reducing valve (35), and the oil outlet of the one-way valve (36) is communicated with the oil inlet (a) of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve (31).
4. An anchoring method applicable to the anchoring apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the anchoring method comprising:
controlling the brake belt to release the brake on the anchor chain wheel;
controlling an input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve to enable the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel to be lower than the external load of the anchor chain wheel, so that the anchor chain enters a gravity anchoring process;
monitoring the lowering speed of the anchor chain through the speed measuring mechanism;
and controlling an input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve according to the lowering speed of the anchor chain, so that the lowering speed of the anchor chain is lower than a threshold range.
5. The anchoring method according to claim 4, wherein the input electric signal for controlling the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve is controlled so that the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel is lower than the external load of the anchor chain wheel, and the anchor chain enters a gravity anchoring process and comprises the following steps:
the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve is changed in proportion with time.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the controlling the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve according to the lowering speed of the anchor chain so that the lowering speed of the anchor chain is below a threshold range comprises:
if the lowering speed of the anchor chain is higher than the minimum value of the threshold range, controlling the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve to increase so that the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel is increased;
and if the lowering speed of the anchor chain is lower than the maximum value of the threshold range, controlling the input electric signal of the electromagnetic proportional pressure regulating valve to be reduced, so that the braking force of the braking belt on the anchor chain wheel is reduced.
7. The method of anchoring according to claim 4, further comprising:
and when the lowering speed of the anchor chain exceeds the maximum value in the threshold range, the electromagnetic two-position four-way reversing valve is controlled to reverse, so that the brake belt can completely brake the anchor chain wheel.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110337722.6A CN113120158B (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Anchoring device and anchoring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110337722.6A CN113120158B (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Anchoring device and anchoring method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113120158A CN113120158A (en) | 2021-07-16 |
| CN113120158B true CN113120158B (en) | 2022-08-12 |
Family
ID=76774920
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110337722.6A Active CN113120158B (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Anchoring device and anchoring method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113120158B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113772014B (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2022-09-16 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | Anchor windlass |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201003519Y (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-01-09 | 上海新三思计量仪器制造有限公司 | Three-position four-way type manual flow control valve |
| CN204078003U (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2015-01-07 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | One is cast anchor control setup and windlass |
| CN205469673U (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-08-17 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0四研究所 | A device to limit speed that breaks down for rising anchor machine |
| CN110936938A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-31 | 中车大连机车研究所有限公司 | Control protection method for hydraulic brake driving system |
| EP3653482A1 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-20 | Ocean Power Technologies, Inc. | Subsurface marine battery pack |
| CN112373621A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-02-19 | 南京中船绿洲机器有限公司 | Flexible energy-saving speed-limiting control system for free anchoring of large-scale anchor windlass |
-
2021
- 2021-03-30 CN CN202110337722.6A patent/CN113120158B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201003519Y (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2008-01-09 | 上海新三思计量仪器制造有限公司 | Three-position four-way type manual flow control valve |
| CN204078003U (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2015-01-07 | 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 | One is cast anchor control setup and windlass |
| CN205469673U (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2016-08-17 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0四研究所 | A device to limit speed that breaks down for rising anchor machine |
| EP3653482A1 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-20 | Ocean Power Technologies, Inc. | Subsurface marine battery pack |
| CN110936938A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-31 | 中车大连机车研究所有限公司 | Control protection method for hydraulic brake driving system |
| CN112373621A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2021-02-19 | 南京中船绿洲机器有限公司 | Flexible energy-saving speed-limiting control system for free anchoring of large-scale anchor windlass |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113120158A (en) | 2021-07-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10196247B2 (en) | Electric winch device | |
| US6655662B2 (en) | Method for controlling crane brake operation | |
| CN108946547B (en) | Method for lifting and releasing descending mechanism through intelligent hoisting device | |
| CN113120158B (en) | Anchoring device and anchoring method | |
| CN204078003U (en) | One is cast anchor control setup and windlass | |
| CN109850177B (en) | Method for quickly mooring helicopter for offshore operation | |
| GB2565858A (en) | Device and method for moving an aircraft, in particular a helicopter, on board a ship | |
| KR100209122B1 (en) | Prevention system for overhoist of crane | |
| CN114483296B (en) | Engine runaway prevention safety control system and method | |
| JP4759788B2 (en) | Control device for hydraulic drive winch | |
| JPH0717688A (en) | Drive control device for hydraulic winch | |
| JPH0725591A (en) | Drive control device of hydraulic winch | |
| CN218754741U (en) | Multi-station remote monitoring system for ship towing winch | |
| JP2702058B2 (en) | Drive control method and device for hydraulic winch | |
| JPH1179679A (en) | Control method and device for hydraulic drive winch | |
| RU2039200C1 (en) | Drilling derrick block and tackle lift limiting apparatus | |
| JPS6127910Y2 (en) | ||
| JPH0717689A (en) | Drive control device for hydraulic winch | |
| JPH0940374A (en) | Winch driving control method and device in crain | |
| CN115523247B (en) | Emergency braking system and method for ship lift ship reception box driving device | |
| CN219839401U (en) | Power device suitable for remote control emergency operation of winch hoist | |
| CN218258596U (en) | Constant-tension split type guide cable frame | |
| CN219082130U (en) | Emergency brake control system of box type ship lift | |
| CN116332068A (en) | Vertical reducing cable winch control system | |
| JPH11335086A (en) | Hydraulic hoist device and work machine mounting the hydraulic host device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |