CN113120034A - Rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and self-adaptive control system - Google Patents
Rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and self-adaptive control system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113120034A CN113120034A CN202110399841.4A CN202110399841A CN113120034A CN 113120034 A CN113120034 A CN 113120034A CN 202110399841 A CN202110399841 A CN 202110399841A CN 113120034 A CN113120034 A CN 113120034A
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000025274 Lightning injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010223 real-time analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0081—On-board diagnosis or maintenance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness ; e.g. of sheet material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/25—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and self-adaptive control system.A sensor monitoring and controlling device is arranged on each grounding carbon brush for working grounding and protective grounding between a vehicle body and a steel rail; the sensor monitoring and controlling device consists of a current transformer, a current detecting module, an A/D (analog/digital) conversion module, a signal comparator, a microprocessor module, a signal amplifier, a data acquisition card, a filtering module, a pressure-sensitive sensor, a laser sensor and a variable resistance module; the invention can effectively balance the current of each wheel pair to balance the abrasion degree of the grounding carbon brush, thereby improving the durability and the economy of the grounding system of the motor train unit and avoiding overhigh economic cost and labor time cost caused by inconvenient detection of the grounding carbon brush in the process of overhauling the motor train unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-speed rail transit grounding, and particularly relates to a rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and self-adaptive control system.
Background
As a strong engine for promoting economic development of China, the rapid development of high-speed rails has strategic significance to the nation. With the continuous improvement of the requirements on the operation speed and the loading capacity, whether the grounding system of the high-speed train has high efficiency and high reliability directly determines whether the power supply system of the train can safely and stably operate.
The grounding system of the motor train unit is divided into working grounding and protective grounding in terms of electrical function. Under the normal operation condition, the grounding system provides a backflow channel for a main circuit of the traction system through working grounding, and the equal potential between the vehicle body and the track is ensured through protective grounding, so that a plurality of weak current devices taking the vehicle body as reference are prevented from being interfered; under some special working conditions, such as severe electromagnetic transient working conditions such as lifting bows and operating circuit breakers, high-frequency transient overvoltage will appear on the train body of the motor train unit, the protective grounding is used as a unique ground leakage channel of the train body, and the high-frequency transient voltage on the train body is finally leaked into a steel rail and the ground through the protective grounding, so that the protective grounding can have great influence on the propagation and distribution of the overvoltage of the train body of the motor train unit.
The performance of the grounding protection system has obvious influence on the conditions of grounding backflow and vehicle body overvoltage of the high-speed motor train unit, the current optimization research on grounding protection mostly improves the grounding backflow distribution or inhibits the vehicle body overvoltage in a large direction, and the research on wear protection of a grounding carbon brush is lacked. Along with the increase of the running speed of the train, on one hand, the dispersity of sliding contact resistance between the grounding carbon brush and the axle is increased, so that abnormal heating of equipment and contact potential of the train body are easily caused, and further abnormal abrasion of the grounding carbon brush is caused, and on the other hand, along with the increase of traction power, when lightning tripping or overvoltage impact occurs, the low-voltage sides of the roof high-voltage arrester and the grounding switch are directly connected with the train body, so that the traction current passing through the train body is correspondingly increased. Meanwhile, the improper vehicle body grounding mode can cause the phenomena of abnormal abrasion of a grounding carbon brush, potential lifting of the vehicle body, error reporting and even burning of a vehicle-mounted sensor and the like. When a train runs, because the equivalent impedance value of a steel rail loop is sometimes larger than the equivalent impedance of a train body loop, the traction current released to the steel rail by the working grounding can flow into a train body through a grounding device, and a 'train body-shaft end' circulation current is formed, so that the phenomena of abnormal abrasion of a grounding carbon brush, error reporting and even burning of a vehicle-mounted sensor and the like are caused.
At present, a resistor is additionally arranged between a train body and a grounding carbon brush to increase contact resistance, but when overvoltage impact such as lightning stroke, lifting bow and the like occurs, the voltage of the train body is greatly lifted, the resistor is additionally arranged between the train body and the grounding carbon brush, the overvoltage discharge speed can be hindered, and the vehicle-mounted communication, signal and other weak current equipment can be seriously damaged due to the overhigh voltage of the train body. At present, the grounding resistor with a fixed resistance value is mainly adopted to limit the current of a train body and reduce the potential of the train body, but the grounding resistor with the fixed resistance value cannot meet the real-time change of the impedance of a train rail in the running process of the train, the distribution of the grounding current flowing through each grounding wheel pair is uneven, the condition that the abrasion of the grounding carbon brush of each wheel shaft is inconsistent can be finally caused, the abrasion of the grounding carbon brush of each wheel pair is invisible, and when the grounding carbon brush of each wheel pair is maintained in the later period, the process is very complicated, and the maintenance cost is high.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide an automatic control device for a grounding system to scientifically adjust the size of the contact resistance under the condition of different current of the wear condition and the grounding points, so as to achieve the purpose of working grounding or protecting the proximity of the wear degree of the grounded carbon brush, and further facilitate the maintenance and uniform replacement of the grounded carbon brush.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and self-adaptive control system, which solves the problem of uneven abrasion of a grounding carbon brush in the process of high-speed train grounding reflux.
The invention relates to a rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and self-adaptive control system. The sensor monitoring and controlling device consists of a current transformer, a current detecting module, an A/D (analog/digital) conversion module, a signal comparator, a microprocessor module, a signal amplifier, a data acquisition card, a filtering module, a pressure-sensitive sensor, a laser sensor and a variable resistance module.
In the sensor monitoring and control device: the thickness change signal of the carbon brush is obtained by a pressure-sensitive sensor and a laser sensor, and the signal is obtained by a data acquisition card through a filtering module, processed by a signal amplifier and input into a microprocessor; meanwhile, a current transformer acquires current signals from two working grounds or two protective grounds, the current signals enter a signal comparator through a current detection module and an A/D (analog/digital) conversion module, and the signals enter a microprocessor after being compared; after the microprocessor analyzes the reliability of the signals, the microprocessor feeds back the wear signals of the protective grounding carbon brush or the wear signals of the working grounding carbon brush to the main control CPU through the communication bus, after comprehensive analysis, the main control CPU transmits the control signals to the microprocessor and then outputs resistance adjusting signals to the controlled variable resistance module of the protective grounding or the working grounding so as to carry out dynamic change.
After the protection grounding or the working grounding receives the control signal, the controlled resistor takes the resistor of the other grounding as a reference, the dynamic gain multiple of the resistor is obtained through the analysis of the microprocessor and the main control CPU, and the resistance value of the variable resistor is dynamically changed.
Considering that the working environment of the grounding carbon brush is relatively severe, the microprocessor can adopt DSP, PLC, MPU and the like, and the electromagnetic environment of the main control CPU is complex, and FPGA, SOC and the like can be adopted.
The pressure-sensitive sensor and the laser sensor are arranged at the tail end of the carbon brush pressure spring.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1: compared with the existing high-speed train grounding technology, the grounding resistance nonadjustable disadvantage is that the system realizes the real-time control of the grounding current by introducing the real-time adjustable resistance, effectively optimizes the problems of vehicle body circulation and vehicle body overvoltage during the leakage of the train, is more favorable for the maintenance of the safe working environment of the train low-voltage equipment and the monitoring and maintenance of the grounding carbon brush, further solves the defects of difficult detection, high maintenance cost and high time and labor consumption in the use process of the conventional grounding carbon brush, and obviously improves the economical efficiency.
2: compared with a single-input ground resistance control system control mode, the control method has the defect of simple and single adjustment action. The device adopts a multi-input control mode that each current contrast signal and a sensor signal are merged, effectively utilizes the processing capacity of the CPU, and simultaneously realizes a complex, more practical and scientific adjusting mode. Meanwhile, the normal working problem under the condition of overlarge individual input error is ensured to a certain extent by a multi-input control mode, and the reliability of the device for dealing with complex actual working conditions in train operation is greatly improved.
3: each governing system autonomous working compares, and every earial drainage wheel pair all is equipped with the device, installs the total control platform of overview each device operating mode simultaneously at the automobile body for adjust each other between each device, mutually support, the centralized processing of even wearing and tearing rather than maintenance and change of ground connection carbon brush has more closely been ensured in coordination with global CPU's total control function.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a vehicle body structural view.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the general control platform of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a detection control circuit of the grounding carbon brush of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the process of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the process of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an overall configuration diagram of the sensor device.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a single carbon brush sensor assembly.
The numbers in the figure are explained as 1-return line, 2-contact system, 3-pantograph, 4-traction converter, 5-traction transformer, 6-car body, 7-ground resistance, 8-steel rail, 9-suction line, 10-train positioning communication signal cable, 11-choke transformer, 12-insulating joint, 13-traction return, 14-protective grounding, 15-working grounding, 16-protective grounding carbon brush detection signal, 17-working grounding carbon brush detection signal, 18-master control CPU, 19-carbon brush, 20-sensor monitoring and control device, 21-current transformer, 22-ammeter, 23-A/D analog-to-digital conversion module, 24-comparator, 25-microprocessor, 26-signal amplifier, 27-PCI data acquisition card, 28-filter module, 29-pressure sensitive sensor, 30-laser sensor, 31-variable resistance module, 32-communication bus, 33-carbon brush shell, 34-carbon brush pressure spring and 35-wire.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
When the train normally works, the high-speed train obtains 25KV power frequency high-voltage alternating current for driving the train to run from the contact network 2 through the pantograph 3. As shown in fig. 1, the traction current is passed through the primary side of a traction transformer 5 to provide electrical power to a traction inverter and traction motor 4 which drive the locomotive. As shown in fig. 2, the operating ground current flows from the traction transformer 5 through the sensor monitoring and control device 20 and the ground carbon brushes 19 between the ground carbon brushes 19 and the rail 8 into the rail 8, and the protective ground current flows from the vehicle body 6 through the sensor monitoring and control device 20 and the ground carbon brushes 19 between the ground carbon brushes 19 and the rail 8 into the rail 8.
According to the rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and self-adaptive control system, as shown in fig. 3, a single branch is led out from a working grounding and protective grounding line of a vehicle body and connected in series with a current transformer 21 and a current detection module 22, a single branch is led out from other working grounding and protective grounding lines of the vehicle body and connected in series with the current transformer 21, the current detection module 22 is parallel to a grounding current signal of the vehicle body, the grounding current signal is compared through a signal comparator 24, and the signal is converted into a digital signal through an A/D (analog-to-digital) conversion module 23 and sent to a microprocessor 25 for processing. Meanwhile, the sensors (pressure sensor 29, laser sensor 30) installed beside the grounded carbon brush send the detected brush thickness signal to the microprocessor 25 through the filter module 28 and the data acquisition card 27 and the signal amplifier 26 for processing. Each microprocessor 25 feeds back the wear condition of each carbon brush and the current information of each grounding circuit to the main control CPU 18 for real-time analysis, and the main control CPU 18 transmits the adjustment signal obtained by analysis back to each microprocessor 25 and outputs a resistance adjustment signal to control the adjustable resistor 31 to perform adaptive adjustment.
The grounding current of each vehicle flows into each wheel pair through the conducting wire and the grounding carbon brush 19 and flows to the steel rail 8, because of the problem of relative movement between the grounding carbon brush and the contact part in the running process of the train, the grounding carbon brush can be abraded, and when the abrasion reaches a certain degree, the leakage of the grounding current can be influenced. Aiming at the problem, the abrasion speed of each grounding carbon brush can be simply known by detecting the size of the grounding current, but in view of the consideration of safe work, certain difficulty is brought to the detection of the actual abrasion condition of the grounding carbon brush, and if the grounding resistance is adjusted in real time only by detecting the grounding current, the control of the abrasion speed of each grounding carbon brush can only be completed, and the economic cost problem caused by the detection and maintenance replacement of the grounding carbon brush in the actual operation and maintenance of the train is still not effectively solved. On one hand, the abrasion rate of each grounding carbon brush is adjusted in real time, on the other hand, the abrasion condition of each grounding carbon brush is balanced so as to maintain and replace the working grounding carbon brush or protect the grounding carbon brush as far as possible, and further, the time, labor and economic cost of the maintenance process can be saved.
The control strategy is shown in fig. 4 and 5. Each grounding wheel pair is provided with a grounding carbon brush abrasion balance control device, so that corresponding grounding resistors 31 can be adjusted in real time, uniform abrasion of the grounding carbon brushes is realized, and the aims of facilitating maintenance and replacement of the grounding carbon brushes are fulfilled. The basic principle of the device is as follows: (1) and (3) current comparison: based on the positive correlation between the grounding current and the carbon brush abrasion speed, each current is measured by utilizing a grounding wire branch in the device and the magnitude of each current is compared, meanwhile, the signal is taken as an input signal of the microprocessor 25, the microprocessor 25 processes the input signal and the master control CPU comprehensively processes the input signal, and a grounding resistance adjusting signal of the wheel pair is given out to ensure that the abrasion speeds of the grounding carbon brushes in the running process of the train are approximately the same. In order to reduce the measurement deviation of the large branch current and the related safety problem, the device introduces a current transformer 21 to reduce the influence thereof, and simultaneously, the A/D conversion module 23 and the signal comparator 24 are matched to serve the signal processing of the microprocessor 25. (2) Sensing signals: based on the foregoing, the ground resistor 31 adjusts the current comparison signal processed by the microprocessor 25 in real time to ensure that the wear rate is substantially uniform, but the fundamental problem that the actual wear condition of the grounded carbon brush is not controlled is not realized, and for this purpose, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the present device provides the actual wear condition of the grounded carbon brush including the wear degree in real time by cooperating with the pressure-sensitive sensor 29 and the laser sensor 30 connected beside the carbon brush, and uses the actual wear condition as another input signal of the microprocessor 25 in the device to control the series resistance of the ground resistor, and meanwhile, considering the quality problem of the output signal of the sensor in the working environment of the train, the present device introduces the data acquisition card 27 to improve the signal quality of the acquired signal. (3) And (3) controlling a master control platform: based on the problem of the difference between the working grounding current and the protective grounding current in the actual operation of the train, the device only introduces the same type of current into each device when comparing the currents so as to comprehensively and more efficiently realize the simultaneous maintenance of all working grounding or protective grounding carbon brushes. This device is through exporting a feedback signal from each device microprocessor to assemble the total control platform of input to the automobile body on, utilize this total control platform to plan each carbon brush wearing and tearing condition and each earth connection's the electric current condition effectively and promote each device practicality. (4) The working principle of the processor is as follows: and comparing the wear conditions of the working grounding carbon brushes, not considering the influence of the wear conditions of the carbon brushes when the wear conditions of the working grounding carbon brushes are within a threshold value, when the wear conditions of the working grounding carbon brushes exceed the threshold value, adopting a large resistor by a grounding circuit with serious wear of the working carbon brushes so as to reduce the working grounding current and further slow down the wear of the working grounding carbon brushes, and simultaneously comparing the sizes of the working grounding currents, and adopting a large resistor by a grounding circuit with large working grounding current so as to reduce the working current. And comparing the wear conditions of the protective grounding carbon brushes, when the wear conditions of the protective grounding carbon brushes are within the threshold value, not considering the influence of the wear conditions of the carbon brushes, when the wear conditions of the protective grounding carbon brushes exceed the threshold value, the grounding circuit which protects the carbon brushes from serious wear adopts a large resistor so as to reduce the protective grounding current and further slow down the wear of the protective grounding carbon brushes, and simultaneously comparing the magnitude of each protective grounding current, and the grounding circuit which protects the grounding current is large adopts a large resistor so as to reduce the protective current.
Claims (4)
1. A rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and self-adaptive control system is characterized in that a sensor monitoring and control device (20) is arranged on each working grounding (15) and grounding carbon brush (19) of a protection grounding (14) between a vehicle body (6) and a steel rail (8); the sensor monitoring and controlling device (20) consists of a current transformer (21), a current detecting module (22), an A/D analog-to-digital conversion module (23), a signal comparator (24), a microprocessor module (25), a signal amplifier (26), a data acquisition card (27), a filtering module (28), a pressure-sensitive sensor (29), a laser sensor (30) and a variable resistance module (31);
in a sensor monitoring and control device (20): thickness change signals of the carbon brush (19) are acquired by a pressure-sensitive sensor (29) and a laser sensor (30), the signals are acquired by a data acquisition card (27) through a filtering module (28), processed by a signal amplifier (26) and input into a microprocessor (25); meanwhile, a current transformer (21) acquires current signals from two working grounds (15) or two protection grounds (14), the current signals pass through a current detection module (22) and an A/D (analog/digital) conversion module (23) and enter a signal comparator (24), and the signals are compared and then enter a microprocessor (25); after the microprocessor (25) analyzes the reliability of the signals, the protection grounding carbon brush abrasion signals (16) or the working grounding carbon brush abrasion signals (17) are fed back to the main control CPU (18) through the communication bus (32), after comprehensive analysis, the main control CPU (18) inputs the control signals to the microprocessor (25), and then resistance adjusting signals are output to the controlled protection grounding or working grounding variable resistance module (31) to carry out dynamic change.
2. The rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and adaptive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that after the protection grounding (14) or the working grounding (15) receives a control signal, a controlled resistor takes another grounded resistor as a reference, and a dynamic gain multiple of the resistor is obtained through analysis of a microprocessor (25) and a main control CPU (18), so that the resistance value of the variable resistor is dynamically changed.
3. The rail transit grounding carbon brush wear monitoring and adaptive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the microprocessor (25) adopts a DSP, a PLC or an MPU; the main control CPU (18) adopts FPGA or SOC.
4. The rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and adaptive control system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-sensitive sensor (29) and the laser sensor (30) are installed at the tail end of a carbon brush pressure spring (34).
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| CN202110399841.4A CN113120034B (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | Rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and self-adaptive control system |
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| CN202110399841.4A CN113120034B (en) | 2021-04-14 | 2021-04-14 | Rail transit grounding carbon brush abrasion monitoring and self-adaptive control system |
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| CN113120034B CN113120034B (en) | 2022-03-25 |
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| CN115230771A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-10-25 | 西南交通大学 | Motor shaft temperature monitoring and control system of rail transit train |
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| CN113120034B (en) | 2022-03-25 |
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