CN113119266A - Sorghum straw plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Sorghum straw plate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113119266A CN113119266A CN202110454624.0A CN202110454624A CN113119266A CN 113119266 A CN113119266 A CN 113119266A CN 202110454624 A CN202110454624 A CN 202110454624A CN 113119266 A CN113119266 A CN 113119266A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
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Abstract
The invention provides a sorghum straw plate and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural straw resource utilization. The surface of the sorghum straw section is etched by using the straw skin softening enzyme, so that the coarse fibers of the straw skin can be exposed, and the straw has a rich pore structure; according to the invention, the cationic starch and/or the carboxymethyl cellulose are/is used as the reinforcing agent, so that the adhesive property is good, the reinforcing agent can enter the internal gaps of the enzyme-etched straws in the spraying process, the density and the material uniformity of the straws can be effectively improved, and the strength of the board is improved; according to the invention, the reinforced straws are mixed with the sorghum straw powder, and the sorghum straw powder can fill the inner gaps of the sorghum straws, so that the strength of the plate is further improved. Meanwhile, the adhesive is not used in the preparation process, so that the preparation method is green and environment-friendly; the sorghum straw is used as a raw material, and the raw material is rich in source and is renewable; the preparation method is simple and easy to realize industrial mass production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural straw resource utilization, in particular to a sorghum straw plate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Sorghum is one of the most important coarse cereal crops in China, and in recent years, the demand of domestic consumers on sorghum is continuously increased, so that the yield of sorghum straw resources is huge. However, most sorghum straws are not effectively utilized, only a small part of sorghum straws are used as feed or raw materials for producing chemical products, and a large amount of straws are discarded and used for fuel or returned to fields for treatment, so that the sorghum straws cannot be efficiently and highly utilized, and serious waste of biomass resources and environmental pollution are caused. And the stem pulp part of the sorghum straw contains a large number of parenchyma cells, so that the sorghum straw has low density and poor mechanical property, and the application of the sorghum straw in the field of materials is limited to a certain extent.
In recent years, with the increasing importance of people on the comprehensive utilization of agricultural residues, the pressing of agricultural biomass resources into plates after a series of industrial treatments has become one of important research directions.
Chinese patent publication No. CN111136757A describes a bamboo fiber artificial board and a method for preparing the same, in which bamboo fibers and bamboo charcoal powder are used as raw materials, larch tannin resin glue is used for sizing according to a certain proportion, and then the bamboo fiber artificial board is subjected to tissue culture and hot press molding. The strength of the plate can be ensured only by using the resin adhesive as the adhesive, and the strength of the plate is greatly reduced if the using amount of the adhesive is reduced. However, the use of adhesives causes environmental pollution and also damages to human health.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a sorghum straw plate and a preparation method thereof. The method provided by the invention can avoid the use of an adhesive, and the obtained plate has higher strength.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of sorghum straw plates, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing sorghum straw segments with straw skin softening enzyme liquid, and carrying out enzyme etching to obtain enzyme-etched straws;
(2) spraying the enzyme-etched straw with a reinforcing agent solution to obtain reinforced straw; the reinforcing agent is cationic starch and/or carboxymethyl cellulose;
(3) and mixing the reinforced straws with sorghum straw powder, and carrying out first hot pressing to obtain a sorghum straw plate.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: spraying a waterproof agent on the sorghum straw plate, and carrying out second hot pressing.
Preferably, the length of the sorghum straw section is 5-20 cm.
Preferably, the straw skin softening enzyme liquid comprises cellulase and xylanase, the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the straw skin softening enzyme liquid is 5-15 IU/mL, and the enzyme activity of the xylitol enzyme is 4-10 IU/mL;
the volume ratio of the mass of the sorghum straw section to the straw skin softening enzyme is 1000 g: 150-250 mL.
Preferably, the time of the enzyme etching is 30-120 min.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the reinforcing agent solution is 0.5-5%;
the volume ratio of the mass of the enzyme-etched straw to the reinforcing agent is 1000 g: 500-1200 mL.
Preferably, the grain size of the sorghum straw powder is 20-80 meshes; the mass ratio of the reinforced straw to the sorghum straw powder is 2-4: 1.
Preferably, the temperature of the first hot pressing is 80-100 ℃, and the pressure is 600-1000 kg/cm2And the pressure maintaining time is 30-60 min.
Preferably, the waterproof agent is paraffin, the temperature of the second hot pressing is 80-100 ℃, and the pressure is 600-1000 kg/cm2And the pressure maintaining time is 30-60 min.
The sorghum straw plate prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the tensile strength of 53-105 MPa and the bending strength of 40-77 MPa.
The invention provides a preparation method of sorghum straw plates, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing sorghum straw sections with straw softening enzyme, and carrying out enzyme etching to obtain enzyme-etched straws; (2) spraying the enzyme-etched straw with a reinforcing agent solution to obtain reinforced straw; the reinforcing agent is cationic starch and/or carboxymethyl cellulose; (3) and mixing the reinforced straws with sorghum straw powder, and carrying out first hot pressing to obtain a sorghum straw plate. The surface of the sorghum straw section is etched by using the straw skin softening enzyme, so that the coarse fibers of the straw skin can be exposed, and the straw has a rich pore structure; according to the invention, the cationic starch and/or the carboxymethyl cellulose are/is used as the reinforcing agent, so that the adhesive property is good, the reinforcing agent can enter the internal gaps of the enzyme-etched straws in the spraying process, the density and the material uniformity of the straws can be effectively improved, and the strength of the board is improved; according to the invention, the reinforced straws are mixed with the sorghum straw powder, and the sorghum straw powder can fill the inner gaps of the sorghum straws, so that the strength of the plate is further improved. Meanwhile, the adhesive is not used in the preparation process, so that the preparation method is green and environment-friendly; the sorghum straw is used as a raw material, and the raw material is rich in source and is renewable; the preparation method is simple and easy to realize industrial mass production. The example result shows that the tensile strength of the sorghum straw plate obtained by the method is 53-105 MPa, and the bending strength is 40-77 MPa.
Furthermore, a waterproof agent is sprayed on the sorghum straw plate, and second hot pressing is carried out, so that the waterproof sorghum straw plate can be obtained, and the application range of the sorghum straw plate is expanded.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of sorghum straw plates, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing sorghum straw segments with straw skin softening enzyme liquid, and carrying out enzyme etching to obtain enzyme-etched straws;
(2) spraying the enzyme-etched straw with a reinforcing agent solution to obtain reinforced straw; the reinforcing agent is cationic starch and/or carboxymethyl cellulose;
(3) and mixing the reinforced straws with sorghum straw powder, and carrying out first hot pressing to obtain a sorghum straw plate.
The invention mixes the sorghum straw segment with the straw softening enzyme liquid, and carries out enzyme etching to obtain the enzyme-etched straw. In the invention, the length of the sorghum straw section is preferably 5-20 cm, and more preferably 10-15 cm.
In the invention, the straw skin softening enzyme liquid preferably comprises cellulase and xylanase, the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the straw skin softening enzyme liquid is preferably 5-15 IU/mL, more preferably 10IU/mL, and the enzyme activity of the xylitol enzyme is preferably 4-10 IU/mL, more preferably 6 IU/mL; in the invention, the volume ratio of the mass of the sorghum straw segments to the straw skin softening enzyme is preferably 1000 g: 150-250 mL, more preferably 1000 g: 200 mL.
In the present invention, the mixing is preferably performed in the following manner: and spraying the sorghum straw sections by using the straw skin softening enzyme liquid. In the invention, the time of the enzyme etching is preferably 30-120 min, and more preferably 60-90 min. In the present invention, the temperature of the enzymatic etching is preferably room temperature.
After the enzymatic etching straw is obtained, spraying the enzymatic etching straw by using a reinforcing agent solution to obtain reinforced straw; the reinforcing agent is cationic starch and/or carboxymethyl cellulose. In the invention, the mass concentration of the reinforcing agent solution is preferably 0.5-5%, and more preferably 1-3%; the volume ratio of the mass of the enzyme-etched straw to the reinforcing agent is preferably 1000 g: 500-1200 mL, more preferably 1000 g: 700-1000 mL. The invention has no special requirements on the spraying speed and time, and can ensure that the spraying is sufficient.
After the reinforced straws are obtained, the reinforced straws and sorghum straw powder are mixed, and first hot pressing is carried out to obtain the sorghum straw plate. In the invention, the grain size of the sorghum straw powder is preferably 20-80 meshes, and more preferably 40-60 meshes; the mass ratio of the reinforced straw to the sorghum straw powder is preferably 2-4: 1, and more preferably 2.5-3.5: 1. The invention does not require any particular mixing means, such as stirring, known to the person skilled in the art.
In the invention, the temperature of the first hot pressing is preferably 80-100 ℃, and more preferably 90 ℃; the pressure is preferably 600 to 1000kg/cm2More preferably 700～800kg/cm2(ii) a The pressure maintaining time is preferably 30 to 60min, and more preferably 40 to 50 min. According to the invention, through the first hot pressing, the mixture of the reinforced straws and the sorghum straw powder can be formed into the plate, and the density and the strength of the plate are improved.
In the present invention, after the first hot pressing, the present invention further includes: spraying a waterproof agent on the obtained sorghum straw plate, and carrying out second hot pressing. In the invention, the waterproof agent is preferably paraffin wax solution, and the mass-to-volume ratio of the sorghum straw board to the waterproof agent is preferably 1000 g: 200-300 mL, more preferably 1000 g: 240-280 mL.
In the invention, the temperature of the second hot pressing is preferably 80-100 ℃, and more preferably 90 ℃; the pressure is preferably 600 to 1000kg/cm2More preferably 700 to 800kg/cm2(ii) a The pressure maintaining time is preferably 30 to 60min, and more preferably 40 to 50 min. According to the invention, through the second hot pressing, the waterproof agent is fully permeated into the sorghum straw plate, so that the waterproof performance of the plate is improved.
The invention provides a sorghum straw plate prepared by the preparation method. In the invention, the sorghum straw plate has the tensile strength of 53-105 MPa and the bending strength of 40-77 MPa.
The sorghum straw plate and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method comprises the steps of taking sorghum straws as a raw material, removing leaves, cutting into 5-20 cm small sections, dividing the sorghum straw sections into two parts, crushing one part into sorghum straw powder with the particle size of 20-80 meshes, spraying the other part with a straw skin softening enzyme solution, and performing enzyme etching for 50min to obtain enzyme etched straws. The straw skin softening enzyme liquid comprises cellulase and xylanase, the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the straw skin softening enzyme liquid is 10IU/mL, and the enzyme activity of the xylitol enzyme is 6 IU/mL; the volume ratio of the mass of the sorghum straw section to the straw skin softening enzyme is 1000 g: 200 mL.
Spraying enzyme with 2% cationic starch solution, and treating straw with the enzymeMixing the obtained reinforced straw and the sorghum straw powder according to the mass ratio of 4:1, and performing pressure treatment at 600kg/cm2And hot pressing at 80 ℃ for 30min to form a sorghum straw plate, spraying a paraffin waterproof agent on the surface of the compression plate, and hot pressing again for 30min under the same hot pressing condition to finally obtain the waterproof sorghum straw plate.
The tensile strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1938-2009, and the bending strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1936.1-2009. The test shows that the tensile strength is 53MPa, and the bending strength is 40 MPa. The plate has a surface contact angle of 102 degrees and shows good hydrophobicity.
Example 2
The method comprises the steps of taking sorghum straws as a raw material, removing leaves, cutting the sorghum straws into small sections of 5-20 cm, dividing the sorghum straws into two parts, crushing one part into sorghum straw powder with the particle size of 20-80 meshes, spraying the other part with a straw skin softening enzyme solution, and performing enzyme etching for 60min to obtain enzyme etched straws. The straw skin softening enzyme liquid comprises cellulase and xylanase, the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the straw skin softening enzyme liquid is 10IU/mL, and the enzyme activity of the xylitol enzyme is 6 IU/mL; the volume ratio of the mass of the sorghum straw section to the straw skin softening enzyme is 1000 g: 150 mL.
Spraying enzyme on the straws by using a carboxymethyl cellulose solution with the mass concentration of 2%, mixing the obtained enhanced straws with the sorghum straw powder according to the mass ratio of 4:1, and performing pressure treatment at 700kg/cm2And hot pressing at 90 ℃ for 60min to form a sorghum straw compression plate, spraying a paraffin waterproof agent on the surface of the compression plate to form a sorghum straw plate, spraying the paraffin waterproof agent on the surface of the compression plate, and hot pressing again for 60min under the same hot pressing condition to finally obtain the waterproof sorghum straw plate.
The tensile strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1938-2009, and the bending strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1936.1-2009. The test shows that the tensile strength is 66MPa, and the bending strength is 53 MPa. The contact angle of the surface of the plate is 98 degrees, and good hydrophobicity is shown.
Example 3
The method comprises the steps of taking sorghum straws as a raw material, removing leaves, cutting into 5-20 cm small sections, dividing the sorghum straw sections into two parts, crushing one part into sorghum straw powder with the particle size of 20-80 meshes, spraying the other part with a straw skin softening enzyme solution, and carrying out enzyme etching for 90min to obtain enzyme-etched straws. The straw skin softening enzyme liquid comprises cellulase and xylanase, the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the straw skin softening enzyme liquid is 10IU/mL, and the enzyme activity of the xylitol enzyme is 6 IU/mL; the volume ratio of the mass of the sorghum straw section to the straw skin softening enzyme is 1000 g: 200 mL.
Spraying enzyme on the straws by using a cationic starch solution with the mass concentration of 4%, mixing the obtained enhanced straws with the sorghum straw powder according to the mass ratio of 2:1, and performing pressure treatment at 800kg/cm2And hot pressing at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 60min to form a sorghum straw compression plate, spraying a paraffin waterproof agent on the surface of the compression plate to form a sorghum straw plate, spraying the paraffin waterproof agent on the surface of the compression plate, and hot pressing again for 60min under the same hot pressing condition to finally obtain the waterproof sorghum straw plate.
The tensile strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1938-2009, and the bending strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1936.1-2009. The test shows that the tensile strength is 87MPa, and the bending strength is 61 MPa. The contact angle of the surface of the plate is 110 degrees, and good hydrophobicity is shown.
Example 4
The method comprises the steps of taking sorghum straws as a raw material, removing leaves, cutting the sorghum straws into small sections of 5-20 cm, dividing the sorghum straws into two parts, crushing one part into sorghum straw powder with the particle size of 20-80 meshes, spraying the other part with a straw skin softening enzyme solution, and carrying out enzyme etching for 120min to obtain enzyme etched straws. The straw skin softening enzyme liquid comprises cellulase and xylanase, the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the straw skin softening enzyme liquid is 10IU/mL, and the enzyme activity of the xylitol enzyme is 6 IU/mL; the volume ratio of the mass of the sorghum straw section to the straw skin softening enzyme is 1000 g: 220 mL.
Spraying enzyme on the straws by using a carboxymethyl cellulose solution with the mass concentration of 5%, mixing the obtained enhanced straws with the sorghum straw powder according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and performing pressure treatment at 1000kg/cm2And hot pressing for 45min at the temperature of 100 ℃ to form a sorghum straw compression plate, spraying a paraffin waterproof agent on the surface of the compression plate to form a sorghum straw plate, spraying the paraffin waterproof agent on the surface of the compression plate, and hot pressing again for 45min under the same hot pressing condition to finally obtain the waterproof sorghum straw plate.
The tensile strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1938-2009, and the bending strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1936.1-2009. The tensile strength is 105MPa and the bending strength is 77 MPa. The contact angle of the surface of the plate is 108 degrees, and good hydrophobicity is shown.
Example 5
The method comprises the steps of taking sorghum straws as a raw material, removing leaves, cutting into 5-20 cm small sections, dividing the sorghum straw sections into two parts, crushing one part into sorghum straw powder with the particle size of 20-80 meshes, spraying the other part with a straw skin softening enzyme solution, and carrying out enzyme etching for 90min to obtain enzyme-etched straws. The straw skin softening enzyme liquid comprises cellulase and xylanase, the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the straw skin softening enzyme liquid is 10IU/mL, and the enzyme activity of the xylitol enzyme is 6 IU/mL; the volume ratio of the mass of the sorghum straw section to the straw skin softening enzyme is 1000 g: 250 mL.
Treating straws with 3% cationic starch solution spray enzyme, mixing the reinforced straws with the sorghum straw powder at a mass ratio of 3.5:1, and pressurizing at 1000kg/cm2And hot pressing at 90 ℃ for 45min to form a sorghum straw compression plate, spraying a paraffin waterproof agent on the surface of the compression plate to form a sorghum straw plate, spraying the paraffin waterproof agent on the surface of the compression plate, and hot pressing again for 45min under the same hot pressing condition to finally obtain the waterproof sorghum straw plate.
The tensile strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1938-2009, and the bending strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1936.1-2009. The tensile strength is 95MPa, and the bending strength is 70 MPa. The contact angle of the surface of the plate is 95 degrees, and good hydrophobicity is shown.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example in comparison with example 1, the spray enhancer solution was omitted and the rest of the procedure was the same. And obtaining the waterproof sorghum straw plate.
The tensile strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1938-2009, and the bending strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1936.1-2009. The test shows that the tensile strength is 11MPa, and the bending strength is 10.2 MPa.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 compared with example 2, the sorghum straw powder addition was omitted and the rest of the operation was the same. And obtaining the waterproof sorghum straw plate.
The tensile strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1938-2009, and the bending strength of the plate is tested according to GB/T1936.1-2009. The test shows that the tensile strength is 39MPa, and the bending strength is 34 MPa.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of sorghum straw plates comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing sorghum straw segments with straw skin softening enzyme liquid, and carrying out enzyme etching to obtain enzyme-etched straws;
(2) spraying the enzyme-etched straw with a reinforcing agent solution to obtain reinforced straw; the reinforcing agent is cationic starch and/or carboxymethyl cellulose;
(3) and mixing the reinforced straws with sorghum straw powder, and carrying out first hot pressing to obtain a sorghum straw plate.
2. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, further comprising: spraying a waterproof agent on the sorghum straw plate, and carrying out second hot pressing.
3. The preparation method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the sorghum straw section is 5-20 cm.
4. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the straw skin softening enzyme solution comprises cellulase and xylanase, the enzyme activity of the cellulase in the straw skin softening enzyme solution is 5-15 IU/mL, and the enzyme activity of the xylitol enzyme is 4-10 IU/mL;
the volume ratio of the mass of the sorghum straw section to the straw skin softening enzyme is 1000 g: 150-250 mL.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the time for the enzyme etching is 30-120 min.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the enhancer solution is 0.5-5%;
the volume ratio of the mass of the enzyme-etched straw to the reinforcing agent is 1000 g: 500-1200 mL.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the sorghum straw powder is 20 to 80 mesh; the mass ratio of the reinforced straw to the sorghum straw powder is 2-4: 1.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first hot pressing is performed at a temperature of 80 to 100 ℃ and a pressure of 600 to 1000kg/cm2And the pressure maintaining time is 30-60 min.
9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the water repellent agent is paraffin, the temperature of the second press is 80 to 100 ℃, and the pressure is 600 to 1000kg/cm2And the pressure maintaining time is 30-60 min.
10. The sorghum straw plate prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the tensile strength of the sorghum straw plate is 53-105 MPa, and the bending strength of the sorghum straw plate is 40-77 MPa.
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| CN115319880A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-11-11 | 南京大学 | Artificial board and preparation method thereof |
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