CN113114040A - High-gain forward-flyback laminated boost converter - Google Patents

High-gain forward-flyback laminated boost converter Download PDF

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CN113114040A
CN113114040A CN202110330527.0A CN202110330527A CN113114040A CN 113114040 A CN113114040 A CN 113114040A CN 202110330527 A CN202110330527 A CN 202110330527A CN 113114040 A CN113114040 A CN 113114040A
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transformer
diode
converter
output capacitor
winding
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CN113114040B (en
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李艳
曹博武
魏芳宜
田野
郭希铮
杨晓峰
黄先进
王琛琛
周明磊
王剑
李凯
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Beijing Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-gain forward-flyback laminated boost converter, which comprises: input voltage source VinPower switch tube S, diode D1Diode D2Diode D3An output capacitor C1An output capacitor C2An output capacitor C3The load R and the transformer are added with a third winding; the converter adopts the idea of laminating and utilizing leaked energy, an input voltage source is divided into two paths of input, one path of input is input into the forward-flyback converter for energy output, and the other path of input is output through the third winding. Due to the existence of the third winding, the input voltage can be connected in series with the voltage induced by the third winding in the forward direction and then connected in series with the output capacitor of the forward-flyback converter to supply power to the load, so that the converter has higher gain.

Description

High-gain forward-flyback laminated boost converter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power electronic circuit direct current converters, in particular to a high-gain forward and backward excitation laminated boost converter which can convert input direct current low voltage into direct current high voltage for output and can ensure the characteristics of high efficiency and continuous input current while realizing high gain.
Background
The technical scheme of the prior art I is as follows:
the Boost converter is a non-isolated Boost converter often used in common Boost situations, as shown in fig. 1. Wherein, VinThe direct current source input is represented, L is an inductor, S is a power switch tube, D is a diode, C is an output capacitor, and R is a load. The important waveforms of the Boost converter are shown in fig. 2. Boost operation in inductor current continuous mode is as follows.
Modal analysis
Stage one (t)0-t1): the power switch tube S is conducted, the voltage at two ends of the inductor L is equal to the input voltage, and the inductor current rises according to a fixed slope according to the principle that the inductor current cannot change suddenly. And the energy of the load R is now provided entirely by the output capacitor C.
Stage two (t)1-t2): the power switch tube S is turned off, the voltage at the two ends of the inductor L is reversed, the inductor current is reduced according to a fixed slope because the inductor current cannot be suddenly changed, and at the moment, the inductor current forms a loop through the diode D and the output capacitor C to carry out follow current and provide energy for the load R.
The gain of the Boost converter is
Figure BDA0002993210180000021
Wherein d represents the duty ratio of the power switch tube S;
disadvantages of the first prior art
When the Boost converter is actually used, the gain of the Boost converter can reach 6 at most, and if the Boost converter wants to reach higher gain, the following disadvantages exist:
1) the voltage stress of a switching tube and a diode of the converter is an output voltage value at the moment, and the stress is large;
2) the switch tube has long conduction time, and the conduction loss is increased;
3) the output diode has short conduction time, large current and long reverse recovery time.
The above disadvantage results in a rapid decrease in the efficiency of the Boost converter, and therefore the converter cannot guarantee high efficiency at a gain exceeding 6.
The technical scheme of the prior art II is as follows:
fig. 3 shows a forward flyback switched capacitor stacked converter. The converter is a non-isolated boost converter, the boost of the converter adopts the idea of lamination, the upper half part of the converter is a forward and reverse flyback converter, and the converter is formed by adding a diode and a capacitor on the basis of the flyback converter. Wherein, VinRepresenting the input of a DC source, S being a power switch tube, D1、D2、D3、D4Is a diode, C1、C2、C3R is the load and is the output capacitance. The key waveforms for this converter are shown in figure 4. When the converter works in a stable state, the input current of the converter is discontinuous, and due to the existence of leakage inductance of the transformer, the current of the switch capacitor branch circuit has a current peak when the switch tube is turned off. To simplify the analysis, the power switch S is considered to have only two states, fully on and fully off.
Modal analysis
Stage one (t)1-t2): the power switch tube S is in a complete conduction state, the current of the primary side of the transformer flows from top to bottom at the moment, and the voltage induced by the secondary winding flows from top to bottom, so that the diode D1The voltage induced by the third winding is positive right and negative left, so that the diode D3And conducting. At this time, the diode D2Diode D4Is in a cut-off state and outputs a capacitor C1And a switched capacitor CbIn a charging state.
Stage two (t)4-t5): the power switch tube S is in a complete turn-off state, the current flow direction of the primary side of the transformer flows from bottom to top at the moment, and the voltage induced by the secondary side winding flows from top to bottom, so that the diode D2Conducting, diode D1、D3In the off state. At this time, the capacitor C2In a charging state. Vin、Vm、VCbTogether are C3And (6) charging.
The gain of the DC converter is as follows:
Figure BDA0002993210180000031
wherein: k is a radical of1、k2D represents the duty ratio of the power switch tube S for the transformation ratio of the transformer;
the converter is at k1＝k2The gain can reach about 12 in the case of 1, which achieves a gain twice as high as that of the Boost converter, but the converter has the following disadvantages:
1) the input current is discontinuous;
2) the current peak of the switch capacitor occurs when the switch tube is turned off, so that the corresponding output capacitor C is ensured3The current on the capacitor has a peak, so that the volume of the output capacitor is increased;
3) the switching capacitor acts as an energy buffer circuit, reducing the overall efficiency of the converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The traditional non-isolated Boost direct current converter such as a Boost converter cannot ensure high efficiency while realizing high gain, and the application range of the traditional non-isolated Boost direct current converter is limited, while a forward and flyback-switched capacitor laminated converter can realize higher gain, but the input current of the forward and flyback-switched capacitor laminated converter is discontinuous, and the efficiency is reduced due to the existence of a switched capacitor, but the invention aims to ensure that the converter has the characteristics of higher efficiency and continuous input current while realizing high gain.
In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a high-gain forward-flyback stacked boost converter, which includes: input voltage source VinPower switch tube S, diode D1Diode D2Diode D3An output capacitor C1An output capacitor C2An output capacitor C3The load R and the transformer are added with a third winding;
the end 1 of the primary winding of the transformer and the end 3 of the secondary winding of the transformer are homonymous ends,
input voltage source VinPositive terminal and transformer leakage inductance Lk1Is connected to the transformer leakage inductance Lk1The other end of the transformer is respectively connected with a transformer excitation inductor LmIs connected with the 1 end of the transformer; transformer excitation inductance LmThe other end of the transformer is connected with 2 ends of the transformer and then is connected with one end of a power switch tube S, and the other end of the power switch tube S is connected with an input voltage source VinThe negative ends of the anode and the cathode are respectively grounded;
input voltage source VinThe positive terminal of the transformer is connected with a leakage inductance L of the transformerk3Is connected to the transformer leakage inductance Lk3Is connected with one end of a third winding, the other end of the third windingAnd diode D3The positive terminal of the anode is connected;
the 3 ends of the transformer are respectively connected with a diode D1Positive terminal of (2) and diode D2Is connected to the negative terminal of diode D1With one end of the load R and the output capacitor C, respectively1One end of the first and second connecting rods is connected,
4 terminal of transformer and leakage inductance L of transformerk2Is connected to the transformer leakage inductance Lk2The other end of the first capacitor is connected with an output capacitor C1Another terminal of (1) and an output capacitor C2One end of the first and second connecting rods is connected,
the output capacitor C2Are connected with the diode D respectively at the other ends2Anode terminal of (1), diode D3Negative terminal of and output capacitor C3Is connected to the output capacitor C3And the other end of the load R are grounded.
On the basis of the scheme, the number of turns of the primary winding of the transformer is N1The number of turns of the secondary winding is N2The number of turns of the third winding is N3(ii) a Transformation ratio of the transformer is k1、k2Wherein k is1＝N2/N1、k2＝N3/N1。
On the basis of the scheme, the working modes of the converter comprise:
stage one (t)0-t1)：t0The power switch tube S is switched on at the moment, the current direction flowing through the primary winding is up-positive-down-negative, the voltage direction is the same as the current direction, and the diode D is connected according to the voltage coupling relation and the diode connection direction1In a conducting state, the output capacitor C1Is charged and outputs a capacitor C1The voltage across the terminals increases to k1VinAnd remain unchanged.
Stage two (t)1-t2)：t1The power switch tube S is turned off at the moment, the current direction flowing through the primary winding is up negative and down positive, the voltage direction is the same as the current direction, and the diode D is connected according to the voltage coupling relation and the diode connection direction2In a conducting state, the output capacitor C2Is charged and outputs a capacitor C2The voltage across the terminals increases to k1d/(1-d)]VinAnd remain unchanged. While the voltage across the third winding is coupled to the input voltage source VinAre connected in series in the forward direction to form a diode D3Conducting and outputting capacitor C3Is charged and outputs a capacitor C3The voltage at both ends is increased to Vin+[k2d/(1-d)]VinAnd remain unchanged.
On the basis of the scheme, the output of the converter is composed of an output capacitor C1An output capacitor C2An output capacitor C3The series connection component, the gain of the converter is deduced to be:
Figure BDA0002993210180000061
wherein d is the duty ratio of the power switch tube S;
on the basis of the scheme, in order to reduce the ripple of the input current of the converter, the number of turns N of the primary winding of the transformer is N1Number of turns N of the third winding3Should satisfy N first1＝2N3And then by selecting the appropriate number of turns N of the secondary winding2Complete optimization of the converter input current can be achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a high-gain forward-flyback laminated boost converter which has the characteristics of continuous input current and high efficiency in a high-gain occasion.
Compared with the schemes in the first prior art and the second prior art, under the condition of realizing the same gain, the Boost converter cannot ensure higher efficiency, the input current of the forward-flyback-switched capacitor laminated converter is discontinuous, and the working efficiency is reduced to some extent due to the existence of the switched capacitor.
The converter adopts the idea of laminating and utilizing leaked energy, an input voltage source is divided into two paths of input, one path of input is input into the forward and reverse flyback converter to carry out energy output, and the other path of input is carried out energy output through the third winding. Due to the existence of the third winding, the input voltage can be connected in series with the voltage induced by the third winding in the forward direction and then connected in series with the output capacitor of the forward-flyback converter to supply power to the load, so that the converter has higher gain.
The converter reasonably arranges the lamination and introduces the third winding to ensure that the input current is the complementary superposition of two paths of input current, thereby realizing the continuous input current; and the winding turn ratio is reasonably set, so that the input current can be further optimized, and the ripple of the input current is reduced.
Drawings
The invention has the following drawings:
FIG. 1Boost converter circuit diagram
FIG. 2 illustrates the control signals and the main waveforms of Boost converter
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a forward/flyback-switched capacitor stacked converter
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of control signals and main waveforms of a forward/flyback-switched capacitor stacked converter
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a high gain forward and flyback stacked boost converter
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of control signals and main waveforms of a high-gain forward/flyback stacked boost converter
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to FIGS. 5 to 6.
The invention provides a high-gain forward-flyback laminated boost converter, and a circuit diagram of the converter is shown in figure 5. The number of turns of the primary winding of the transformer is N1The number of turns of the secondary winding is N2The number of turns of the third winding is N3，k1、k2Is the transformation ratio of a transformer, where k1＝N2/N1、k2＝N3/N1. d is the duty cycle of the power switch tube S, and the control signal and the main waveform are shown in fig. 6. The converter described herein has the characteristics of continuous input current and high efficiency at high gain.
The high-gain forward-flyback laminated boost converter structurally adopts the idea of laminating and utilizing leakage energy. By adopting the idea of laminating,a third winding and a diode are introduced. In order to reduce the size of the converter, the third winding is coupled with a transformer, and an input voltage source is connected with the third winding in series to form an output capacitor C3And (6) charging. In order to utilize the leakage energy of the flyback converter when the switching tube is conducted, a diode D is added on the basis1And a capacitor C1The energy of the flyback converter is fully utilized when the switching tube is conducted by adding the direct energy transmission stage, and meanwhile, the gain and the efficiency of the flyback converter are improved, and the improved flyback converter is called as a forward flyback converter. On the output side of the converter, an output capacitor C1、C2、C3The series connections together provide a stable voltage to the load.
1. Modal analysis
The specific working mode analysis of the converter is as follows:
stage one (t)0-t1)：t0The power switch tube S is switched on at the moment, the current direction flowing through the primary winding is up-positive-down-negative, the voltage direction is the same as the current direction, and the diode D is connected according to the voltage coupling relation and the diode connection direction1In an on state, C1The capacitor is charged and its voltage increases to k1VinAnd remain unchanged.
Stage two (t)1-t2)：t1The power switch tube S is turned off at the moment, the current direction flowing through the primary winding is up negative and down positive, the voltage direction is the same as the current direction, and the diode D is connected according to the voltage coupling relation and the diode connection direction2In an on state, C2The capacitor is charged and its voltage increases to k1d/(1-d)]VinAnd remain unchanged. While the voltage across the third winding is coupled to the input voltage source VinAre connected in series in the forward direction to form a diode D3Conduction, C3The capacitor is charged and its voltage increases to Vin+[k2d/(1-d)]VinAnd remain unchanged.
2. Gain of
The output of the converter is composed of C1、C2、C3Are connected in series according to stage one and stage twoThe gain of the converter can be deduced as:
Figure BDA0002993210180000091
in order to reduce the ripple of the converter input current, the transformer turn ratio should first satisfy N1＝2N3Then in a second step by selecting the appropriate N2A complete optimization of the converter input current can be achieved.
The key points and points to be protected of the technology of the invention are:
1. a method of utilizing leakage energy;
2. a method for realizing lamination by introducing a third winding for realizing input current continuity and high gain;
3. a method for selecting a low-ripple input current to turn ratio between windings is provided.
References (e.g. patents/papers/standards)
[1]K.Tseng,J.Lin and C.Cheng,"An Integrated Derived Boost-Flyback Converter for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles,"2013 1st International Future Energy Electronics Conference(IFEEC),Tainan,2013,pp.283-287.
[2] Study on a primary power system laminated boost converter of a spacecraft [ D ]. Beijing university of transportation 2014.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.

Claims (5)

1. A high gain forward flyback stacked boost converter, said converter comprising: input voltage source VinPower switch tube S, diode D1Diode D2Diode D3An output capacitor C1An output capacitor C2An output capacitor C3The load R and the transformer are added with a third winding;
the end 1 of the primary winding of the transformer and the end 3 of the secondary winding of the transformer are homonymous ends,
input voltage source VinPositive terminal and transformer leakage inductance Lk1Is connected to the transformer leakage inductance Lk1The other end of the transformer is respectively connected with a transformer excitation inductor LmIs connected with the 1 end of the transformer; transformer excitation inductance LmThe other end of the transformer is connected with 2 ends of the transformer and then is connected with one end of a power switch tube S, and the other end of the power switch tube S is connected with an input voltage source VinThe negative ends of the anode and the cathode are respectively grounded;
input voltage source VinThe positive terminal of the transformer is connected with a leakage inductance L of the transformerk3Is connected to the transformer leakage inductance Lk3Is connected with one end of a third winding, the other end of the third winding is connected with a diode D3The positive terminal of the anode is connected;
the 3 ends of the transformer are respectively connected with a diode D1Positive terminal of (2) and diode D2Is connected to the negative terminal of diode D1With one end of the load R and the output capacitor C, respectively1One end of the first and second connecting rods is connected,
4 terminal of transformer and leakage inductance L of transformerk2Is connected to the transformer leakage inductance Lk2The other end of the first capacitor is connected with an output capacitor C1Another terminal of (1) and an output capacitor C2One end of the first and second connecting rods is connected,
the output capacitor C2Are connected with the diode D respectively at the other ends2Anode terminal of (1), diode D3Negative terminal of and output capacitor C3Is connected to the output capacitor C3And the other end of the load R are grounded.
2. The high-gain forward-flyback stacked boost converter as in claim 1, wherein said primary winding of said transformer has N turns1The number of turns of the secondary winding is N2The number of turns of the third winding is N3(ii) a Transformation ratio of the transformer is k1、k2Wherein k is1＝N2/N1、k2＝N3/N1。
3. The high-gain forward-flyback stacked boost converter of claim 2, wherein said converter operating modes include:
stage one (t)0-t1)：t0The power switch tube S is switched on at the moment, the current direction flowing through the primary winding is up-positive-down-negative, the voltage direction is the same as the current direction, and the diode D is connected according to the voltage coupling relation and the diode connection direction1In a conducting state, the output capacitor C1Is charged and outputs a capacitor C1The voltage across the terminals increases to k1VinAnd remain unchanged;
stage two (t)1-t2)：t1The power switch tube S is turned off at the moment, the current direction flowing through the primary winding is up negative and down positive, the voltage direction is the same as the current direction, and the diode D is connected according to the voltage coupling relation and the diode connection direction2In a conducting state, the output capacitor C2Is charged and outputs a capacitor C2The voltage across the terminals increases to k1d/(1-d)]VinAnd remain unchanged; while the voltage across the third winding is coupled to the input voltage source VinAre connected in series in the forward direction to form a diode D3Conducting and outputting capacitor C3Is charged and outputs a capacitor C3The voltage at both ends is increased to Vin+[k2d/(1-d)]VinAnd remain unchanged.
4. The high-gain forward-flyback stacked boost converter as in claim 3, wherein the output of said converter is provided by an output capacitor C1An output capacitor C2An output capacitor C3The series connection component, the gain of the converter is deduced to be:
Figure FDA0002993210170000021
wherein d is the duty ratio of the power switch tube S.
5. The high-gain forward-flyback stacked boost converter as in claim 4, wherein said boost converter is configured to reduce said conversionRipple of input current of the transformer, and the number of turns N of primary winding of the transformer1Number of turns N of the third winding3Should satisfy N first1＝2N3And then by selecting the appropriate number of turns N of the secondary winding2Complete optimization of the converter input current can be achieved.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101702578A (en) * 2009-12-07 2010-05-05 浙江大学 Forward-flyback isolated type boost inverter realized by coupling inductors and application thereof
CN103618458A (en) * 2013-12-20 2014-03-05 南京工业大学 Three-winding transformer secondary side output series forward and flyback double-voltage converter
CN104242626A (en) * 2014-10-16 2014-12-24 青岛理工大学 Booster-flyback convertor of built-in switch coupling inductance
CN105915061A (en) * 2016-05-04 2016-08-31 龙岩学院 Integration forward-flyback circuit employed by leakage inductance energy

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101702578A (en) * 2009-12-07 2010-05-05 浙江大学 Forward-flyback isolated type boost inverter realized by coupling inductors and application thereof
CN103618458A (en) * 2013-12-20 2014-03-05 南京工业大学 Three-winding transformer secondary side output series forward and flyback double-voltage converter
CN104242626A (en) * 2014-10-16 2014-12-24 青岛理工大学 Booster-flyback convertor of built-in switch coupling inductance
CN105915061A (en) * 2016-05-04 2016-08-31 龙岩学院 Integration forward-flyback circuit employed by leakage inductance energy

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
TSENG KUO-CHING 等: "High Step-Up Converter With Three-Winding Coupled Inductor for Fuel Cell Energy Source Applications", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS》 *

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