CN113111530B - Mine pollutant diffusion river inflow estimation method based on distributed hydrological model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mine pollutant diffusion river inflow estimation method based on a distributed hydrological model, which integrates the processes of atmospheric diffusion, dry-wet sedimentation, slope scouring and the like of mine pollutants, designs a set of estimation method for diffusion and migration river inflow of mine mining local pollution sources pollutants based on the distributed hydrological model, and provides an effective method for the diffusion and migration load estimation of large-scale watershed/regional pollutants with a plurality of mine pollution sources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pollutant diffusion migration, in particular to a method for estimating the amount of mine pollutants diffusing and migrating into a river based on a distributed hydrological model.
Background
Pollutants such as heavy metal, fly ash and radioactive particles are diffused to a wider space from a local pollution source along with airflow and runoff due to mines and mining of the mines, and finally part of the pollutants is deposited on a soil layer and part of the pollutants enters a water body. Without strict blocking measures, this diffusion process causes extensive environmental pollution and life health hazards. Among them, the influence of pollutants entering water bodies such as rivers, lakes, oceans and the like is more serious, and therefore, the estimation of the amount of pollutants expanding and migrating to rivers becomes a basis for evaluating the subsequent influence thereof.
According to the current technical method, the process of pollutants to the river is usually disassembled into partial processes such as atmospheric diffusion, dry and wet sedimentation, slope scouring and the like to be respectively researched and estimated, and although the research and estimation methods of the partial processes are greatly improved, the whole life cycle of the pollutants is damaged by the artificial splitting mode, and the reliability of pollution load estimation is difficult to guarantee.
In addition, atmospheric diffusion and dry-wet sedimentation are fully researched in the field of atmospheric pollution, but sufficient attention is not paid to the field of water environment pollution, and a technology for carrying out overall evaluation by linking the atmospheric process and the surface process of mine pollutants is not visible.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the mine pollutant diffusion river entering amount estimation method based on the distributed hydrological model solves the problem that the estimation result of the pollutant river entering is inaccurate as atmospheric diffusion and dry-wet sedimentation are not considered when the existing mine pollutant researches the water environment pollution.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the mine pollutant diffusion river inflow estimation method based on the distributed hydrological model comprises the following steps:
s1, estimating the total pollution load borne by a settlement point when mine pollutants enter the atmosphere and settle to the ground surface by taking day as a unit;
s2, constructing a spatial relationship between the pollution load per unit area on the settlement point and the slope runoff yield;
s3, dividing the region to be estimated into grid cells based on the constructed spatial relationship, and establishing a spatial superposition relationship between the grid cells and the sub-watersheds;
and S4, distributing the estimated total pollution load quantity to the sub-watershed and different land utilization types in the sub-watershed according to the established space superposition relationship, and further obtaining the estimation result of the mine pollutant diffusion river-entering quantity.
Further, in step S1, the pollution sources corresponding to the mine pollutants are generalized to be point-like, and the calculation formula of the pollution load f (D, θ) borne by the settlement point P at the distance D from the pollution source and the included angle θ under the influence of the wind speed and the wind direction thereof is as follows:
wherein f (D, theta) is the daily pollution load borne by a settlement point P at an included angle theta from a pollution source and has the unit of kg/hm2(ii) a D is the distance from the settling point P to the pollution source and is m; theta is an included angle between the wind direction and a connecting line of the pollution source and the settlement point, and is taken to be 0-pi, and the unit is rad; k is a radical ofeIs determined by the type of pollutant and precipitation as dry and wet sedimentation coefficient, and has unit of kg.s/hm2(ii) a W is wind speed, and the average wind speed of the main wind direction on the day is taken, and the unit is m/s; sigma is a settling load intensity distribution adjusting parameter, and the unit is m; r is the average relative humidity of the atmosphere and is 0-1; gamma is a settlement load breadth distribution adjusting parameter, and is 0-0.2, and the unit is m2；Pt-1The precipitation is t-1 day and the unit is mm.
Further, based on the pollution load f (D, θ), the total pollution load f (t) borne at the settlement point P is calculated by the formula:
wherein F (t) is the total pollution load borne by the settlement point P on the t day in kg/hm2(ii) a N is the total number of the point pollution sources after mine generalization; f. ofs(Ds,θs) The amount of pollution load borne by the settlement point P from the pollution source S is in kg/hm2。
Further, the slope runoff yield in the step S2 is obtained through a distributed hydrological model simulation based on sub-basin division;
in the step S2, when the spatial relationship between the pollution load per unit area and the slope productivity is established, the load per unit area at the sink point is used as the average load on the slope within the peripheral setting range.
Further, in step S3, when the spatial superposition relationship between the grid cells and the sub-watersheds is established, the pollution load amount of the central point of each divided grid cell is used as the average pollution load amount of the grid cell.
Further, the step S4 is specifically:
s41, determining the area proportion of each grid unit in each land use type;
s42, determining the total pollution load on the ith grid unit based on the estimated total pollution load of the settlement point, and further determining the pollution load on the jth soil utilization type in the kth sub-basin;
s43, participating the daily pollutant load and the corresponding historical accumulated pollutants in the slope scouring process under the determined land use type, and calculating the pollution load of the river channels in the income sub domains on the t day under the corresponding land use type;
and S44, calculating the pollution load amount entering the river channel in each sub-flow domain based on the pollution load amount corresponding to various land types, namely obtaining the estimation result of the mine pollutant diffusion river entering amount.
Further, in step S41, a calculation formula of a proportion Fr (i, j, k) of the ith grid cell in the jth land utilization type in the kth sub-basin is as follows:
Fr(i,j,k)＝A(i,j,k)/A(j,k)
wherein A (i, j, k) is the overlapping area of the jth land utilization type and the ith grid unit in the kth sub-flow domain; a (j, k) is the area of the jth land utilization type in the jth sub-flow domain; when the jth land utilization type in the sub-flow domain has no overlapping area with the ith grid unit, Fr (i, j, k) is 0;
in the step S42, the pollution load F on the jth land utilization type in the kth sub-basinj,k(t) is:
in the formula, Fi(t) the total load on the ith grid cell, I being the total number of grid cells;
in the step S43, the pollution load L of the river channel in the river basin is counted on the t dayj,k(t) is:
Lj,k(t)＝[Cj,k(t-1)+Fj,k(t)]·[1-exp(-kj·qj,k)]
in the formula, Lj,k(t) the load capacity of the jth land utilization type in the kth sub-flow field entering the river channel along with runoff flushing on the tth day, wherein the unit is kg; cj,k(t-1) cumulative pollutant load at the end of day t-1 in kg; k is a radical ofjThe scouring coefficient is the jth land utilization type, and the unit is 1/mm; q. q.sj,kThe unit is mm for the slope output of the distributed hydrological model simulation;
in step S44, the pollution load L entering the river channel in each sub-flow domaink(t) is:
in the formula, Lk(t) is the total pollution load entering the kth sub-basin to flush into the river in kg, and J is the total number of land use types in the sub-basin.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention designs a set of estimation method for the diffusion and migration river volume of the local pollution source pollutants in mining of the mine based on a distributed hydrological model by taking the processes of atmospheric diffusion, dry and wet sedimentation, slope scouring and the like of the mine pollutants as a whole, and provides an effective method for the estimation of the diffusion and migration load volume of the pollutants in a large watershed/area with a plurality of mine pollution sources.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for estimating the amount of pollutants diffusing into a river based on a distributed hydrological model.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the pollution load distribution curve along the wind direction according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of pollution loads not along the wind direction according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the settling point P provided by the present invention receiving the atmospheric diffusion settling load of a plurality of pollution sources.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overlapping relationship of the sub-watershed, the grid unit and the land use space provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
The invention divides the diffusion and migration process of pollutants from mine pollution sources into two parts: the settling amount of the atmospheric diffusion settling process is two inputs of the slope accumulation scouring process, and the output amount of the slope accumulation scouring process is the river entering amount of pollutants.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for estimating the amount of pollutants diffused into the river of the mine based on the distributed hydrological model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, estimating the total pollution load borne by a settlement point when mine pollutants enter the atmosphere and settle to the ground surface by taking day as a unit;
s2, constructing a spatial relationship between the pollution load per unit area on the settlement point and the slope runoff yield;
s3, dividing the region to be estimated into grid cells based on the constructed spatial relationship, and establishing a spatial superposition relationship between the grid cells and the sub-watersheds;
and S4, distributing the estimated total pollution load quantity to the sub-watershed and different land utilization types in the sub-watershed according to the established space superposition relationship, and further obtaining the estimation result of the mine pollutant diffusion river-entering quantity.
In the embodiment of the invention, the daily scale is taken as a unit, and the load capacity of mine pollutants entering the atmosphere and settling to the surface is estimated (other time scales, such as the scales of hours, weeks, months and the like can be analogized by the method). The meteorological factors are the main driving factors of this process, including wind speed, wind direction, air humidity, etc., and for a wide drainage basin or area range, the mine and its mining site can be basically treated as a point-like pollution source, therefore, in the above step S1, each pollution source corresponding to the mine pollutant is generalized to a point-like one, and the calculation formula of the pollution load f (D, θ) borne by the distance D from the pollution source and the settling point P (shown in fig. 2 and 3) at the included angle θ is as follows:
wherein f (D, theta) is the daily pollution load borne by a settlement point P at an included angle theta from a pollution source and has the unit of kg/hm2(ii) a D is the distance from the settling point P to the pollution source and is m; theta is an included angle between the wind direction and a connecting line of the pollution source and the settlement point, and is taken to be 0-pi, and the unit is rad; k is a radical ofeIs determined by the type of pollutant and precipitation as dry and wet sedimentation coefficient, and has unit of kg.s/hm2(ii) a W is wind speed, and the average wind speed of the main wind direction on the day is taken, and the unit is m/s; sigma is a settling load intensity distribution adjusting parameter, and the unit is m; r is the average relative humidity of the atmosphere and is 0-1; gamma is a settlement load breadth distribution adjusting parameter, and is 0-0.2, and the unit is m2；Pt-1The precipitation is t-1 day and the unit is mm.
Precipitation is one of the important factors for the atmospheric pollutants to sink to the ground, precipitation with high intensity can improve the air quality well, but also changes the settling intensity of the pollutants, if precipitation (P) larger than 2mm occurs in the day before (t-1) the pollution load calculationt-1>2mm) of the water, the precipitation has a scouring effect on atmospheric pollutants, and no pollutant is substantially settled on the same day, k e0, 0 for f (D, θ), decreasing the day beforeWater is less than 2mm, but when the daily precipitation is greater than 2mm, the contaminants are washed to the surface by the precipitation on the day, ke1 is ═ 1; when the precipitation is less than 2mm in the previous day and the current day, keThe value is between 0 and 1.
If a plurality of mining points exist in a drainage basin or a region, all the mining points are generalized into point-shaped pollution sources, and a certain settlement point P bears the pollution loads of diffusion and settlement of all the pollution sources (figure 4), but the borne pollution loads are different along with the different relative positions of the settlement point and each pollution source; therefore, based on the pollution load f (D, θ), the total pollution load f (t) borne at the settling point P is calculated by the formula:
wherein F (t) is the total pollution load borne by the settlement point P on the t day in kg/hm2(ii) a N is the total number of the point pollution sources after mine generalization; f. ofs(Ds,θs) The amount of pollution load borne by the settlement point P from the pollution source S is in kg/hm2。
In the process, daily scale meteorological data including average wind speed, main wind direction, average relative humidity of air, precipitation and the like are required for estimating atmospheric diffusion settlement, and a spatial distribution diagram of a mine is also required to generalize the spatial position of a point-like pollution source; assuming that the contamination source continuously supplies the contamination with the same intensity, in addition, the parameter (k) in the above-mentioned contamination load estimation formulaeSigma and gamma) regulation needs to be supported by measured data, which is similar to parameter calibration in a hydrological model, namely, some field monitoring data are used for regulating parameters, so that the estimated pollution load of a monitoring place approaches to a monitoring value, and a formula parameter is determined. The atmospheric diffusion and sedimentation monitoring experiments of mine pollutants are many, the operation is convenient, and related documents are abundant and are not described herein any more.
The steps S2-S4 are processes for obtaining estimation of the amount of mine pollutants diffusing and migrating into the river by considering the slope scouring process based on the pollution load amount. In the accumulated scouring process of the slope, pollutants settled to the earth surface enter the river under the scouring of rainfall runoff, and part of the pollutants is retained in a soil layer and gradually accumulated, but can enter the river channel along with larger runoff, the strength difference of how different land utilization is similar to that of scouring is large, the process is extremely complex, and in order to simplify steps and facilitate use, the accumulated scouring process of the slope of the pollutants is described by adopting an exponential equation in the embodiment, the earth surface production flow is the basic driving force of scouring the earth surface pollutants into the river, therefore, the production flow is an important variable of the exponential equation and is obtained by simulation of a distributed hydrological model.
In this embodiment, the slope runoff yield in the step S2 is obtained through a distributed hydrological model simulation based on sub-basin division;
in step S2, the atmospheric diffusion settlement amount is estimated as the load amount per unit area on the settlement point, and the hydrological model simulates the output amount on the slope, which have a difference in scale, so that a spatial relationship between the atmospheric diffusion settlement amount and the output amount on the slope needs to be established first before estimating the cumulative erosion of the slope, and when the spatial relationship between the pollution load amount per unit area and the output amount on the slope is established, the load amount per unit area on the settlement point is used as the average load amount on the slope within the peripheral setting range.
In step S3, when the spatial overlap relationship between the grid cells and the sub-watersheds is established, the pollution load at the central point of each divided grid cell is used as the average pollution load of the grid cell, so that the estimated atmospheric diffusion settlement can be distributed to the sub-watersheds, even to different land use types inside the sub-watersheds, by establishing the spatial overlap relationship between the grid cells and the sub-watersheds (as shown in fig. 5).
Based on the slope accumulated scouring process, the step S4 is specifically:
s41, determining the area proportion of each grid unit in each land use type;
s42, determining the total pollution load on the ith grid unit based on the estimated total pollution load of the settlement point, and further determining the pollution load on the jth soil utilization type in the kth sub-basin;
s43, participating the daily pollutant load and the corresponding historical accumulated pollutants in the slope scouring process under the determined land use type, and calculating the pollution load of the river channels in the income sub domains on the t day under the corresponding land use type;
and S44, calculating the pollution load amount entering the river channel in each sub-flow domain based on the pollution load amount corresponding to various land types, namely obtaining the estimation result of the mine pollutant diffusion river entering amount.
In the above step S41, since different land use types have different retention effects on pollutants, the load per unit area at the center point is distributed to the land use according to the superposition relationship between the land use type and the grid cell, and the calculation formula of the proportion Fr (i, j, k) of the ith grid cell in the jth land use type in the kth sub-basin is as follows:
Fr(i,j,k)＝A(i,j,k)/A(j,k)
wherein A (i, j, k) is the overlapping area of the jth land utilization type and the ith grid unit in the kth sub-flow domain; a (j, k) is the area of the jth land utilization type in the jth sub-flow domain; when the jth land utilization type in the sub-flow domain has no overlapping area with the ith grid unit, Fr (i, j, k) is 0;
in the step S42, the pollution load F on the jth land utilization type in the kth sub-basinj,k(t) is:
in the formula, Fi(t) the total load on the ith grid cell, I being the total number of grid cells;
in the above step S43, the pollution load L of the river in the river sub-domains is counted on the t-th dayj,k(t) is:
Lj,k(t)＝[Cj,k(t-1)+Fj,k(t)]·[1-exp(-kj·qj,k)]
in the formula, Lj,k(t) the jth land utilization type in the kth sub-flow field enters the river along with runoff flushing on the tth dayThe load of the tract, in kg; cj,k(t-1) cumulative pollutant load at the end of day t-1 in kg; k is a radical ofjThe scouring coefficient is the jth land utilization type, and the unit is 1/mm; q. q.sj,kThe unit is mm for the slope output of the distributed hydrological model simulation;
in step S44, the pollution load L entering the river in each sub-flow domaink(t) is:
in the formula, Lk(t) is the total pollution load entering the kth sub-basin to flush into the river in kg, and J is the total number of land use types in the sub-basin.
On the basis, if the total pollutants entering the river of the whole watershed/region in the same day needs to be estimated, the total pollutants can be obtained by accumulating the river entering amount of all sub watersheds, and the scouring coefficient related to the estimation of the accumulated scoured river entering amount of the pollutants can also be determined or adjusted by realizing data, which is similar to the parameter calibration of a hydrological model. In addition, the river inflow estimation method in the embodiment can be realized through programming, and even a distributed hydrological model can be embedded to form a comprehensive model of hydrologic cycle and water environment simulation.
Claims (7)
1. The mine pollutant diffusion river inflow estimation method based on the distributed hydrological model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, estimating the total pollution load borne by a settlement point when mine pollutants enter the atmosphere and settle to the ground surface by taking day as a unit;
s2, constructing a spatial relationship between the pollution load per unit area on the settlement point and the slope runoff yield;
the slope output flow in the step S2 is obtained through distributed hydrological model simulation based on sub-basin division;
s3, dividing the region to be estimated into grid cells based on the constructed spatial relationship, and establishing a spatial superposition relationship between the grid cells and the sub-watersheds;
and S4, distributing the estimated total pollution load quantity to the sub-watershed and different land utilization types in the sub-watershed according to the established space superposition relationship, and further obtaining the estimation result of the mine pollutant diffusion river-entering quantity.
2. The method for estimating the amount of mine pollutants diffusing into the river according to the distributed hydrological model of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the pollution sources corresponding to the mine pollutants are generalized to be point-like, and are influenced by the wind speed and the wind direction thereof, and the calculation formula of the pollution load f (D, θ) borne by the settlement point P at the distance D from the pollution sources and the included angle θ is as follows:
wherein f (D, theta) is the daily pollution load borne by a settlement point P at an included angle theta from a pollution source and has the unit of kg/hm2(ii) a D is the distance from the settling point P to the pollution source and is m; theta is an included angle between the wind direction and a connecting line of the pollution source and the settlement point, and is taken to be 0-pi, and the unit is rad; k is a radical ofeIs determined by the type of pollutant and precipitation as dry and wet sedimentation coefficient, and has unit of kg.s/hm2(ii) a W is wind speed, and the average wind speed of the main wind direction on the day is taken, and the unit is m/s; sigma is a settling load intensity distribution adjusting parameter, and the unit is m; r is the average relative humidity of the atmosphere and is 0-1; gamma is a settlement load breadth distribution adjusting parameter, and is 0-0.2, and the unit is m2；Pt-1The precipitation is t-1 day and the unit is mm.
3. The method for estimating the amount of mine pollutants diffusing into the river based on the distributed hydrological model according to claim 2, wherein the total pollution load amount F (t) borne at the settlement point P is calculated according to the following formula based on the pollution load amount f (D, theta):
wherein F (t) is the total pollution load borne by the settlement point P on the t day in kg/hm2(ii) a N is the total number of the point pollution sources after mine generalization; f. ofs(Ds,θs) The amount of pollution load borne by the settlement point P from the pollution source S is in kg/hm2。
4. The method for estimating mine pollutant dispersion river entry based on the distributed hydrological model according to claim 1,
in the step S2, when the spatial relationship between the pollution load per unit area and the slope productivity is established, the load per unit area at the sink point is used as the average load on the slope within the peripheral setting range.
5. The method for estimating mine pollutant flood inflow based on the distributed hydrological model according to claim 3, wherein in step S3, when the spatial superposition relationship between the grid cells and the sub-watersheds is established, the pollution load amount of the central point of each divided grid cell is used as the average pollution load amount of the grid cell.
6. The method for estimating mine pollutant dispersion river entry amount based on the distributed hydrological model according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 is specifically as follows:
s41, determining the area proportion of each grid unit in each land use type;
s42, determining the total pollution load on the ith grid unit based on the estimated total pollution load of the settlement point, and further determining the pollution load on the jth soil utilization type in the kth sub-basin;
s43, participating the daily pollutant load and the corresponding historical accumulated pollutants in the slope scouring process under the determined land use type, and calculating the pollution load of the river channels in the income sub domains on the t day under the corresponding land use type;
and S44, calculating the pollution load amount entering the river channel in each sub-flow domain based on the pollution load amount corresponding to various land types, namely obtaining the estimation result of the mine pollutant diffusion river entering amount.
7. The method for estimating the amount of mine pollutants diffusing into the river according to claim 6, wherein in step S41, the calculation formula of the proportion Fr (i, j, k) of the ith grid cell in the jth soil utilization type in the kth sub-drainage basin is as follows:
Fr(i,j,k)＝A(i,j,k)/A(j,k)
wherein A (i, j, k) is the overlapping area of the jth land utilization type and the ith grid unit in the kth sub-flow domain; a (j, k) is the area of the jth land utilization type in the kth sub-flow domain; when the jth land utilization type in the sub-flow domain has no overlapping area with the ith grid unit, Fr (i, j, k) is 0;
in the step S42, the pollution load F on the jth land utilization type in the kth sub-basinj,k(t) is:
in the formula, Fi(t) the total load on the ith grid cell, I being the total number of grid cells;
in the step S43, the pollution load L of the river channel in the river basin is counted on the t dayj,k(t) is:
Lj,k(t)＝[Cj,k(t-1)+Fj,k(t)]·[1-exp(-kj·qj,k)]
in the formula, Lj,k(t) the load capacity of the jth land utilization type in the kth sub-flow field entering the river channel along with runoff flushing on the tth day, wherein the unit is kg; cj,k(t-1) cumulative pollutant load at the end of day t-1 in kg; k is a radical ofjThe scouring coefficient is the jth land utilization type, and the unit is 1/mm; q. q.sj,kThe unit is mm for the slope output of the distributed hydrological model simulation;
in step S44, the pollution load L entering the river channel in each sub-flow domaink(t) is:
in the formula, Lk(t) is the total pollution load entering the kth sub-basin to flush into the river in kg, and J is the total number of land use types in the sub-basin.
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| CN102663267A (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2012-09-12 | 南京大学 | Method for determining drainage basin surface source pollution load of semi-humid region |
| CN108733915A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-11-02 | 河海大学 | Method is determined based on the Plain River Network Areas river non-point source pollution loading of rasterizing processing |
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| CN113111530A (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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