CN105320828B

CN105320828B - Contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid

Info

Publication number: CN105320828B
Application number: CN201410317747.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓义祥; 雷坤; 富国; 李子成; 吕丽
Original assignee: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Current assignee: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Priority date: 2014-07-04
Filing date: 2014-07-04
Publication date: 2018-07-20
Anticipated expiration: 2034-07-04
Also published as: CN105320828A

Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid, including：Determine range, the pollutant of contaminant transport model；Determine the minimum value and maximum value, water area water-quality concentration target value of the sendout of generalization pollution sources, each generalization pollution sources；Water quality model is established, pollution sources is calculated and corresponds to water quality response field of the pollutant within the scope of overall control；Determine that object function, constraints and the use linear programming method of total pollutant emission allocation build total pollutant emission allocation model, after being removed to the constraint equation of redundant points in the model, each pollution sources distribution load is calculated, and pollution sources total amount is controlled with the pollution sources distribution load.Contaminant transport model method under the conditions of the extensive plane grid of the present invention, can improve the applicability of contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid.

Description

Contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid

Technical field

The present invention relates to water environment pollution object total control method, more particularly to pollutant under the conditions of extensive plane grid Total control method.

Background technology

During " six or five ", China by water environment pollution object overall control research be included in national environmental protection key scientific and technological projects with Come, country attaches great importance to contaminant transport model.During " 12th Five-Year Plan ", COD and ammonia nitrogen are included in by Environmental Protection Department Water environment pollution object Target of Total Pollutant Amount Control.What State Council printed and distributed《National environmental protection " 12th Five-Year Plan " is planned》It is required that：" in rich battalion Implement total nitrogen or total phosphorus prediction emission in the coastal area that red tide easily occurs for the lake and reservoir of fosterization and the East Sea, the Bohai Sea etc.." can See, China has gradually been stepped into using overall control as handgrip, improves the stage of quality of water environment comprehensively.

Water environment pollution object overall control refers to realize that particular range quality of water environment is up to standard for target, and control enters The process of the gross contamination emission of water body.Contaminant transport model must carry out total pollutant emission allocation first, each to determine The allowable emission and reduction target of pollution sources are the committed steps for carrying out contaminant transport model.Total pollutant emission allocation is According to the response relation of pollution sources and water quality, under the conditions of defined water concentration desired value and distribution principle, water environment is calculated The process of pollutant maximum permissible release.Due to the water body environments complicated condition such as ocean, river mouth and lake and reservoir, use is generally required Two dimension even three-dimensional mathematical model establishes the response relation between pollution sources and water quality, and the single calculation time is longer；Simultaneously as Contaminant transport model range presence of pollution sources is large number of, and optimization calculates involved sharing of load variable (i.e. optimized variable) It is more.Above-mentioned factor so that carrying out total pollutant emission allocation using nonlinear optimization method has prodigious computational complexity, mesh Preceding common some optimization methods such as gradient method, genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, ant group algorithm etc., are difficult to solve water ring The nonlinear optimization of border total pollutant emission allocation calculates.Experience have shown that when optimized variable is more than 10, nonlinear optimal problem Solution just have become very difficult.And the pollution sources quantity that water environment pollution object totalizing method calculates is usually relatively more, such as Say tens even up to a hundred.Since water quality model complexity causes the single calculation time longer and non-linear optimization technique Difficulty when solving Multi-variables optimum design and calculating carries out water environment pollution object totalizing method optimization meter using nonlinear optimization method Calculate is difficult almost to find optimal solution, thus also can not realize contaminant transport model by this method.

Linear programming method is the effective tool for solving the problems, such as Multi-variables optimum design.Under normal circumstances, pollution sources in water environment Can be approximately linear response with water quality response relation, to for using linear programming method carry out total pollutant emission allocation calculate and Control provides practicable solution.The theoretical foundation of linear programming method is each pollution sources in zoning shape At independent concentration field, the total pollutant concentration in zoning is the algebraically superposition that each pollution sources respond concentration value.From water quality From the point of view of the expression-form and application practice of model, this hypothesis be in most cases set up.

Each dirt can be accurately solved although with Linear Programming Techniques under conditions of with a large amount of pollution sources load variations The optimal solution of dye source maximum permissible release, but under the conditions of extensive plane grid, solve still very difficult.It is extensive flat Surface grids refer to that control water area water-quality control number of grid is numerous, grid of adjacent mesh relationship complexity.Number of grid numerous one As refer to that number of grid is more than 10,000 or more, neighbouring relations complexity refers to not having the unstructuredness of clear neighbouring relations between grid Grid.The calculating grid in certain marine sites often reaches up to ten thousand, even hundreds of thousands.By taking the Bohai Sea as an example, when model step-length takes When 500m, the calculating grid of model reaches 137025.This means that constraint equation (the mathematical table of constraints of linear programming Up to form) also there are up to ten thousand, even hundreds of thousands, so huge constraints to bring prodigious difficulty to solution.

In conjunction with the concrete technical problems of total pollutant emission allocation, it is contemplated that the particularity of this problem has and is different from The characteristics of normal linear planning problem, for example, pollution sources response field have centered on pollution sources to apart from farther region by The waters that the characteristics of step decaying and water environmental function divide same section need to reach same water concentration desired value etc., because It is redundant equation that the constraint equation of this total pollutant emission allocation model, which has quite a few equation, and it is superfluous how to be effectively removed these Remaining equation realizes the contaminant transport model under the conditions of extensive plane grid with linear programming method, just becomes this field skill Art personnel's urgent problem to be solved.

Invention content

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of contaminant transport model methods under the conditions of extensive plane grid, to improve The applicability of contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid.

To achieve the above object, contaminant transport model method under the conditions of a kind of extensive plane grid of present invention offer, Including：

Step 1, the waters range and land-based area range of contaminant transport model are determined, and needs to carry out the dirt of overall control Contaminate object；

Step 2, the pollution sources within the scope of overall control determined by step 1 are generally changed, determines that progress pollutant is total Measure the minimum value and maximum value of the generalization pollution sources of distribution and the sendout of each generalization pollution sources；To within the scope of overall control Waters carries out mesh generation, the overall control pollutant water area water-quality concentration target value to be met that setting steps 1 determine；

Step 3, within the scope of the overall control determined by step 1, water quality model is established, carries out water quality model parameter identification And verification, and calculate pollution sources and correspond to water quality response field of the pollutant within the scope of overall control；

Step 4, target is up to using the maximum or fair sex index of the sum of pollution sources sharing of load amount, determines that pollutant is total Measure the object function of distribution；According to the minimum value and maximum value of each pollution sources sendout determined by step 2, water area water-quality concentration Water quality response field determined by desired value and step 3 establishes the constraints of total pollutant emission allocation；Using totalizing method Object function and constraints, build total pollutant emission allocation model, carry out total pollutant emission allocation optimization calculate；

Step 5, according to total pollutant emission allocation as a result, with actual conditions to total pollutant emission allocation optimize result of calculation into Row adjustment, determines gross pollutant controlling scheme；

Wherein, in step 4, total pollutant emission allocation model is established using linear programming method, to redundancy in the model After the constraint equation of point is removed, each pollution sources distribution load is calculated, and negative with pollution sources distribution in step 5 Lotus controls pollution sources total amount.

Wherein, in step 1, include the following steps：Step 11, according to the water body of a concern (such as specific river Mouthful (such as entrance of Changjiang River), bay (such as Jiaozhou Bay etc.), marine site (such as Bohai Sea)) or administrative area boundary etc. determine the total amount of pollutant The involved range of control, including determine waters range and land-based area range involved by contaminant transport model；Step 12, it investigates Every pollutant discharge amount and discharging modes, determine main pollutant kind within the scope of waters within the scope of contaminant transport model And pollution sources, carry out pollutional load press factors sequence；Step 13, water quality classification and water environment work(within the scope of quantitative analysis waters Can area (water environment continuous and having the same uses function or ecological functions, and water quality objective is identical in region) situation up to standard, really Fixed exceeded pollutant kind and exceeded range carry out water area water-quality overstandard factor sequence；Step 14, according to pollutional load pressure because Son sequence, water area water-quality overstandard factor sequence (content of step 12 to step 13 is water quality evaluation content) and dirt Control task (such as water correction task, eutrophication control task) is contaminated, determines the pollutant (kind for needing to carry out overall control Class).

Wherein, in step 2, include the following steps：Step 21, contaminant transport model range presence of pollution sources is returned And generalization pollution sources are reduced to, further according to pollution sources maximum reduction potential, determine the pollutant sendout of generalization pollution sources Maximum value and minimum value；Step 22, the control requirement according to water concentration in spatial dimension, to contaminant transport model range Interior waters carries out mesh generation；Step 23, overproof mixed area is nearby allowed according to waters function zoning and optimized treatment, Determine all waters grids in step 22 water concentration desired value (overproof mixed area refer to give pollution sources sewage draining exit nearby one Fixed dilution range, water concentration can be unsatisfactory for the requirement of water concentration desired value in dilution range).

Wherein, in step 3, include the following steps：Step 31, according to pollutant kind, hydrodynamic force item within the scope of waters Part, discharge of pollutant sources rule select water quality model, build the response of generalization pollution sources pollutant burden discharge capacity and water concentration Relationship；Step 32, according to the comparison of the analogue value of water quality and actual observed value, the value of water quality model parameter is determined；Step 33, Using independent measured data, the prediction result of water quality model is verified；Step 34, using atmospheric sedimentation load, aquatic products Cultivation load determines pollutant background concn field；Step 35, using water quality model, each generalization pollution sources are calculated separately in unit dirt It contaminates the water quality under object loading condiction within the scope of overall control and responds concentration, obtain the water quality response that generalization pollution sources correspond to pollutant .

Wherein, in step 4, include the following steps：Step 41, maximum or fair using the sum of pollution sources sharing of load amount Sex index maximum determines total pollutant emission allocation optimization object function as target；Step 42, it is responded according to the water quality of step 3 The requirement of the water concentration desired value of field and each mesh point, establishes water quality Constrained equations；Step 43, it is cut according to the maximum of pollution sources Subtract potentiality, the constraint equation of the pollutant sendout of generalization pollution sources is built using pollutant sendout maximum value and minimum value The water quality Constrained equations of group, the object function with step 41, step 42 collectively form total pollutant emission allocation model；Step 44, the redundant equation in removal step 42 in water quality constraint equation is (i.e. in total pollutant emission allocation Model water quality constraints Redundant equation), it carries out totalizing method optimization and calculates, obtain each pollution sources distribution load.

Wherein, step 44 can further comprise the steps：Step 441, the feature for analyzing waters grid, is divided into Structural grid and Unstructured grid carry out neighbor mesh points identification respectively；Step 442, search doubtful redundant points, and by its Corresponding water quality constraint equation removal, the total pollutant emission allocation model after being reduced weight；Step 443, the dirt after weight reducing is solved The linear programming equation group of object totalizing method model is contaminated, optimal solution is obtained；Step 444, examine whether optimal solution is in step 42 Optimal solution in step 443 is substituted into water quality Constrained equations in step 42, cannot met by the feasible solution of water quality Constrained equations The corresponding point of equation of constraints is the nonredundancy point in doubtful redundant points；Step 445, step 444 is given for change non-superfluous Remaining point refills the linear programming equation group (linear programming equation group of referred to as reducing weight) of step 443；Step 446, repeat step 442 to Step 445, until the optimal solution of weight reducing linear programming equation group meets institute's Prescribed Properties of initial planning equation group.

Wherein, in step 442, when the water concentration desired value of a mesh node is than all other neighbor mesh points water quality Will be loose or equal, then the mesh point is identified as doubtful redundant points.

Wherein, in step 5, include the following steps：Each pollution sources distribution load progress calculated to step 4 institute can Row is analyzed, and after being adjusted to pollution sources distribution load, then is controlled each pollution sources blowdown situation.

The invention belongs to water environment protection contaminant transport model technical field, the theory being related to includes that contaminant capacity is total Measure control theory, programming theory and iterative calculation theory etc..The present invention is based on plane grid water quality models, using water quality mould Type calculates the response field of pollution sources, according to the water concentration desired value of the response field of pollution sources and region, builds the total amount of pollutant Distribution model, and using the pollutant burden sendout of each pollution sources in the method for linear programming solution water environment.The present invention adopts With the method for iteration, a large amount of redundant equation under the conditions of complex mesh is identified and trial and error, discovery really play about beam control The point of making to realize that solving pollution sources according to the constraints of limited control point distributes total amount, and then is realized dirty Contaminate the control of object total amount.Due to eliminating a large amount of redundant equation when solving, not only significantly reduce linear programming equation The scale of group, converts unsolvable or the linear programming problem for being difficult to solve to the linear programming problem that can be solved；Simultaneously also The time efficiency for greatly improving calculating improves the applicability of the method for the present invention, solves extensive plane grid condition The technical issues of lower contaminant transport model.

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be described in detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is contaminant transport model method flow diagram of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is that present invention weight reducing plans that equation group solution space and the comparison of initial planning equation group solution space are illustrated Figure；

Fig. 3 is that present invention weight reducing plans that equation group optimal solution falls into the signal within initial planning equation group solution space Figure；

Fig. 4 is that present invention weight reducing plans that equation group optimal solution falls into the signal except initial planning equation group solution space Figure；

Fig. 5 is the judgement figure of structure of the invention grid consecutive points；

Fig. 6 is the judgement figure of unstrctured grid consecutive points of the present invention；

Fig. 7 is the location map of Bohai Sea pollution sources；

Fig. 8 a to Fig. 8 c are the Yellow River, Grand Liao River and Liaohe River response field demonstration (COD respectively_Mn)；

Fig. 9 is the comparison using the practical control point and redundancy point in the Bohai Sea after present invention optimization；

Figure 10 is the location map of Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area pollution sources；

Figure 11 a to Figure 11 d are Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area Bei Xi, Xi Xi, thing small stream collaborates section and Nanxi COD_MnSound Answer field pattern；

Figure 12 is using XIAMEN BAY-practical control point of Jiulongjiang River marine site first time iteration and redundant points after present invention optimization The comparison diagram of position；

Figure 13 is using XIAMEN BAY-practical control point of second of Jiulongjiang River marine site iteration and redundant points after present invention optimization The comparison diagram of position；

Figure 14 is using XIAMEN BAY-practical control point of Jiulongjiang River marine site third time iteration and redundant points after present invention optimization The comparison diagram of position.

Specific implementation mode

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of extensive plane grid contaminant transport model methods, extensive to improve The applicability of contaminant transport model method under the conditions of plane grid.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of contaminant transport model method, including：

Step 4, using targets such as the maximum or fair sex index maximums of the sum of pollution sources sharing of load amount, determine that pollutant is total Measure the object function of distribution；According to the minimum value and maximum value of each pollution sources sendout determined by step 2, water area water-quality concentration Water quality response field determined by desired value and step 3 establishes the constraints of total pollutant emission allocation.Using totalizing method Object function and constraints, build total pollutant emission allocation model, carry out total pollutant emission allocation optimization calculate；

Wherein, in step 2, include the following steps：Step 21, contaminant transport model range presence of pollution sources is returned And generalization pollution sources are reduced to, further according to pollution sources maximum reduction potential, determine the pollutant sendout of generalization pollution sources Maximum value and minimum value；Step 22, based on the spatial accuracy demand of Water-quality control, within the scope of contaminant transport model Waters carries out mesh generation；Step 23, overproof mixed area is nearby allowed according to waters function zoning and optimized treatment, determined In step 22 all waters grids water concentration desired value (overproof mixed area refer to give it is certain near pollution sources sewage draining exit Dilution range, water concentration can be unsatisfactory for the requirement of water concentration desired value in dilution range).

Wherein, in step 4, include the following steps：Step 41, using the sum of pollution sources sharing of load amount maximum, justice Sex index maximum etc. is used as target, determines total pollutant emission allocation optimization object function；Step 42, it is rung according to the water quality of step 3 The requirement of the water concentration desired value of field and each mesh point is answered, water quality Constrained equations are established；Step 43, according to the maximum of pollution sources Reduction potential builds the constraint equation of the pollutant sendout of generalization pollution sources using pollutant sendout maximum value and minimum value The water quality Constrained equations of group, the object function with step 41, step 42 collectively form total pollutant emission allocation model；Step 44, the redundant equation in removal step 42 in water quality constraint equation is (i.e. in total pollutant emission allocation Model water quality constraints Redundant equation), it carries out totalizing method optimization and calculates, obtain each pollution sources distribution load.

Wherein, in step 442, if the water concentration desired value of the mesh node is than all other neighbor mesh points water Matter will be loose or equal, then the mesh point is identified as doubtful redundant points.

The principle of the present invention and method are further elaborated below.

Fig. 1 is referred to, is flow chart of the method for the present invention.The method route of contaminant transport model includes environmental problem Analysis, the setting of total pollutant emission allocation design conditions, simulation of water quality, total pollutant emission allocation optimization calculate and determine pollutant The many aspects such as totalizing method scheme.

Analysis environmental problem is primarily referred to as water environment feature, pollution sources feature, socio-economic development feature etc. to the area It is analyzed, determines target, principle of water environment totalizing method etc., be the basis of entire method.On this basis, according to existing Hydrographic data, determine planning design hydrologic condition, using the stream under hydrodynamic mathematical model board design hydrologic condition ；Determine point source, face source position distribution, calculate under the conditions of specific load discharge capacity, control waters range water quality response. The water quality protection target for determining research provides pollutant concentration constraint for the total amount of pollutant of zoning.According to overall control Target and principle are allocated calculating using linear method to the total amount of pollutant in region.Obtained by each pollution sources calculate Distribution load also need to carry out feasibility analysis with adjustment.

Total pollutant emission allocation is the response relation according to pollution sources and water quality, in defined water concentration desired value and is divided Under the conditions of principle, the process of water environment pollution object maximum permissible release is calculated.Under normal circumstances, in water environment pollution sources and Water quality response relation can be approximately linear response, linear programming method be under scheduled water concentration desired value constraints into The optimization of row total pollutant emission allocation, which calculates, provides practicable solution.The theoretical foundation of linear programming method is each A pollution sources form independent concentration field in zoning, and the total pollutant concentration in zoning is that each pollution sources respond concentration The algebraically of value is superimposed.From the point of view of the expression-form and application practice of water quality model, this hypothesis is in most cases to be into Vertical.If required object function is also linear function at this time, entire assignment problem constitutes linear programming problem.

The step of using linear programming method to solve the problems, such as total pollutant emission allocation for：(1) optimized variable is determined, it is usually excellent Change variable is pollution sources distribution load, that is, gives the permission pollutant emission limit of each pollution sources.(2) target is determined Function, that is, assigning process wish the function being optimal.Such as can it is maximum by using pollutant distribution load total amount or Person's justice sex index maximum etc. builds object function.(3) constraints of total pollutant emission allocation is determined.Constraints refers to dirt The precondition that dye object totalizing method must satisfy.The constraints of total pollutant emission allocation, not in addition to pollution sources distribution load Obtaining need to give for negative, certain pollution sources other than distribution maximum value and minimum value, and mostly important constraints is water quality constraint item Part, that is, calculating waters must reach the requirement of functional areas water concentration desired value comprehensively.Practical waters is that two dimension is continuous flat Face, it is necessary to which calculating process could be realized on computers by carrying out discretization to it.Discretization refers to that foot is chosen in control range Enough control points reach Water-quality control target by these control points and reach water concentration desired value to represent waters.By In the water concentration value that the maximal accuracy that water quality model can provide is each model meshes, therefore generally use water quality model Control point of the grid as total pollutant emission allocation.The object function and constraints of total pollutant emission allocation are constituted excellent Change problem is known as total pollutant emission allocation model.

The general type of total pollutant emission allocation model based on linear programming method structure is：

Maxz=C^TX (formula 1)

In formula, z is object function, and C is coefficient, if it is considered that when total amount of pollutant maximum, is taken：C=[1,1 ..., 1]^T。

A is response coefficient matrix,

a_ijFor j-th of pollution sources specific load response concentration is formed by i-th of model net lattice point.B is background concn,

B=[b₁,b₂,…,b_m]^T(formula 4)

S is the corresponding water standard of pollutant,

S=[s₁,s₂,…,s_m]^T(formula 5)

X、X_lAnd X_uRespectively the distribution load discharge capacity vector of pollution sources, the distribution of distribution load discharge capacity lower limit vector sum Load discharge capacity upper limit vector,

X=[x₁,x₂,…,x_n]^T(formula 6)

X_l=[x_l1,x_l2,…,x_ln]^T(formula 7)

X_u=[x_u1,x_u2,…,x_un]^T(formula 8)

Computational practice shows that the optimal solution of equation substitutes into after the linear response equation group of (formula 2), and a large amount of equation is not Matter concentration target value of restricting water supply thereon can be obtained, these equations are known as redundant equation.That is, removing later thin of these equations The planning problem that body equation group is constituted and initial planning problem are same solution problems.

Although with Linear Programming Techniques, under conditions of with a large amount of pollution sources, each pollution still can be accurately solved The optimal solution of source allowable emission, but when number of grid becomes very huge, solution is still very difficult, such as certain water The calculating grid of body often reaches up to ten thousand, even hundreds of thousands.By taking the Bohai Sea as an example, when model step-length takes 500m, model It calculates grid and reaches 137025.This means that the constraint equation of linear programming also has up to ten thousand, even hundreds of thousands, it is so huge Big constraints brings prodigious difficulty to solution.

In conjunction with the concrete technical problems of total pollutant emission allocation, it is contemplated that the particularity of this problem has and is different from The characteristics of normal linear planning problem.Due to dilution and degradation of pollutant etc., the response field of pollution sources has with pollution To the characteristics of gradually decaying apart from farther region centered on source；And since the waters that water environmental function divides same section has Same water concentration desired value, therefore it is redundancy side that the constraint equation of total pollutant emission allocation model, which has quite a few equation, Journey.If these redundant equations can be effectively removed, ensure the consistent of optimal solution while reducing solution equation group scale Property, then it so that the speed of model solution is greatly improved, but also can be some on a personal computer due to memory, speed The reasons such as degree and the planning problem that cannot achieve solution is converted into the problem of can solving, and then realize the pollution sources total amount of pollutant point The optimization matched calculates, and finally realizes contaminant transport model.

Therefore, the present invention is directed to Complex Water Environment, under conditions of with a large amount of plane grid control points, reduces pollutant The constraints number of totalizing method model improves the efficiency that totalizing method calculates, and solves pollutant under the conditions of complex mesh Total amount optimization distribution calculates the applicable sex chromosome mosaicism with control method.

From stringent mathematical meaning, the redundant equation of total pollutant emission allocation model refers in (formula 2), if removing itself Other one or more equations in addition are set up, then the equation that the equation is necessarily set up, that is, so-called " redundant equation ".It goes Except the later total pollutant emission allocation model of redundant equation and master mould are same solution problems.

By taking an equation as an example, if k-th of equation meets simultaneously：

a_kj≤a_ij(1≤j≤n) (formula 9)

C_k≥C_i(formula 10)

When：

When establishment, necessarily have：

It sets up.Then k-th of equation is known as redundant equation.

In fact, due to the dispersibility of pollution sources position distribution and the complexity of water (flow) direction, it is stringent from mathematical meaning Redundant equation (hereinafter referred to as " stringent the redundant equation ") number for meeting above-mentioned condition is considerably less, stringent redundant equation under usual conditions Number is less than 1%, if only removing these stringent redundant equations, still cannot reach and effectively reduce total pollutant emission allocation calculating The target of constraint equation number.

The present invention fully considers the particularity of total pollutant emission allocation computational problem and is used, using the side of iteration Method can greatly reduce the scale of total pollutant emission allocation model Constrained equations (formula 2).Present invention is primarily based on following two points to examine Consider：

(1) in overall control waters, the determination of water concentration desired value is based on water (environment) functional areas, immediate offshore area ring The water concentrations desired value functional areas such as border functional areas and marine functional zone, the delimitation of these functional areas are not random divisions, past Toward having the characteristics that in flakes, a certain functional areas often continuous possession large mass of water.By taking the Bohai Sea as an example, in addition to immediate offshore area, Bohai Sea The marine a large amount of range of the heart is a kind of seawater marine site, these functional areas are carried out identical water standard.This phenomenon is in water The division of matter functional areas has generality, it can be ensured that broad applicability of the invention.

(2) pollution sources response field has certain monotone decline.Typically, since the dilution and degradation etc. of pollutant Reason, the response field of pollution sources have the characteristics that gradually to decay to apart from farther region centered on pollution sources.Due to flow Complexity, although above-mentioned rule may not strictly be set up, rule of thumb, this rule is set up extensively.The present invention is abundant Using this feature, simultaneously because " error correction " mechanism of the present invention when redundant equation removes, using but not exclusively rely on this Rule thereby may be ensured that the reliability of the present invention.

To realize contaminant transport model, scale of the present invention to total pollutant emission allocation model Constrained equations (formula 2) Reduced, and it is with solution problem, to reduce pollution to ensure that the total pollutant emission allocation model after weight reducing has with master mould The memory space that object totalizing method calculates, and greatly improve calculating speed.The present invention is reducing total pollutant emission allocation model When the scale of Constrained equations (formula 2), there is target of the following two points not as the present invention：

(1) present invention is not to search stringent redundant equation as target.Computational practice shows to meet condition (formula 9) and (formula 10) stringent redundant equation number is considerably less, and often the 1% of insufficient equation total amount, removes stringent redundant equation and be not enough to having Effect reduces calculation scale and plays substantive effect.

(2) present invention is not to screen all redundant equations as target.When total pollutant emission allocation model Constrained equations When the scale of (formula 2) is very huge, redundant equation scale is also very big, and all redundant equations are removed, and needs a large amount of Calculating cost, this calculating cost can possibly even offset due to removing computational efficiency caused by more redundant equations, instead And total pollutant emission allocation computational problem is made to become sufficiently complex.

Considered based on the above both sides, the present invention is using pollutant under the conditions of the extensive plane grid of following means progress Totalizing method computing redundancy equation identifies and optimization：

(1) primary election is carried out to redundant equation, determines suspicious redundant equation.According to the spatial position at grid control point and water quality Concentration target value judges whether its corresponding equation is suspicious redundant equation.

Judgment method is：The water concentration desired value of water concentration desired value and neighbor mesh points to the mesh point carries out Compare, if the water concentration desired value of neighbor mesh points has more stringenter than the mesh point, tentatively assert the mesh point For suspicious redundant equation and removed.

(2) present invention recognizes that, the primary election process of above-mentioned suspicious redundant equation " may make a mistake ", that is to say, that it is possible that Real control point is got rid of, therefore needs to give those for change by the mesh point of mistake removal using " error correction " mechanism.

It please refers to Fig.2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the suspicious redundant equation primary election of the present invention and mechanism for correcting errors are：

(1) the totalizing method model solution optimal solution constituted according to the weight reducing Constrained equations for removing doubtful redundant points.By Constraint equation number after weight reducing is less, therefore is more than according to the solution space of the total pollutant emission allocation model after weight reducing The solution space of master mould.

(2) optimal solution of total pollutant emission allocation model after weight reducing is substituted into all constraints of master mould, checked former Whether some constraints can all meet.

If meeting institute's Prescribed Properties before removing doubtful redundant points, illustrate total pollutant emission allocation model after weight reducing Optimal solution be also master mould feasible solution.Since the total pollutant emission allocation model after weight reducing expands solution space, because This its optimal solution is also the optimal solution of master mould.This illustrates total pollutant emission allocation model and the master mould after weight reducing to be asked with solution Topic, the redundant equation removed is active redundancy equation, and solution terminates.

If institute's Prescribed Properties before removing doubtful redundant points cannot be met, illustrate total pollutant emission allocation after weight reducing The optimal solution of model is not the feasible solution of master mould, and two models are not same solution problems.So screening process remove it is suspicious superfluous Remaining point is not real redundant points, it is therefore desirable to give former Constrained equations for change, and solve again.

Below in conjunction with specific implementation mode to contaminant transport model method under the conditions of the extensive plane grid of the present invention It is described in detail, the method for the present invention includes following steps：

Step 1, Analysis of Environmental Problem

In this step, it determines the range of contaminant transport model and needs to carry out the pollutant of overall control.

Step 11, according to the water body of concern (such as a specific river mouth (such as entrance of Changjiang River), bay (such as Jiangzhou Gulf etc.)), specific administrative area boundary etc. determine waters range and land-based area range involved by contaminant transport model.It considers The space complexity of water pollution object totalizing method can divide waters and land-based area by the level of sea area, basin, control unit Area refines step by step.

Step 12, pollutional load structural analysis：Using sides such as data collection, actual measurement, numerical simulation and documents and materials Method investigates every pollutant discharge amount and discharging modes within the scope of contaminant transport model；Using Polluter Pay, equivalent pollution The methods of Load Method determines main pollutant kind and pollution sources within the scope of waters, carries out pollutional load press factors sequence, the palm Hold the source pressure for importing river and in line pollution sources to calculating waters.To determine that the overall control factor in waters provides basic data.

Step 13, ambient water quality is analyzed：Waters physics, chemistry, biological characteristic are investigated and analyzed, quantitative analysis water Domain water quality classification and water environment function area situation up to standard determine exceeded pollutant kind and exceeded range, and it is super to carry out water area water-quality Factor sequence is marked, the emphasis of water environment management is specified.

Step 14, the contaminant transport model factor is determined：It is exceeded according to the sequence of pollutional load press factors and water area water-quality The factor sorts and contamination control task, studies waters contact scar space characteristics of overall importance and local, carries out water environmental problems and examines It is disconnected.It selects to determine the pollutant kind for needing to carry out overall control according to intensity, time urgency, spatial sensitivity is endangered.

Step 2, total pollutant emission allocation design conditions are arranged

In this step, the pollution sources within the scope of overall control determined by step 1 are generally changed, determination is polluted The minimum value and maximum value of the sendout of the generalization pollution sources of object totalizing method and each generalization pollution sources；To overall control range Interior waters carries out mesh generation, the overall control pollutant water area water-quality concentration target value to be met that setting steps 1 determine.

Step 21, according to discharge of pollutant sources position and discharge characteristics, merger appropriate is carried out to pollution sources, thus will be a large amount of Pollution sources be reduced to generalization pollution sources, both reduced the complexity of total pollutant emission allocation, also reduce due to same position pollute It is caused by source to solve problem more, improve efficiency and reasonability that total pollutant emission allocation calculates.In addition, being cut down according to pollution sources maximum Potentiality, specially the earth's surface water ring of the present situation discharge capacity of pollution sources or expected discharge capacity and the discharge standard of pollution sources, river Border function zoning and water environmental function zone etc., take into account the principles such as fairness and the feasibility of pollution sources totalizing method, and setting is dirty The assignment constraints in dye source, for example, determining pollutant distribution load discharge capacity maximum value and minimum value, or according to regulatory requirement Directly specify the sharing of load total amount of certain pollution sources.

Step 22, based on the spatial accuracy demand of Water-quality control, grid is carried out to the waters within the scope of overall control It divides；

Step 23, water concentration desired value is appraised and decided：According to the spatial position and service function for calculating waters, water environment is utilized Function zoning, marine functional zoning and other mankind's activities and ecological protection determine waters to the particular/special requirement of water area water-quality Functional areas obligatory point water concentration limit value, pollutant concentration boundary and the limitation of blowdown mixed zone require.According to waters function zoning Nearby allow overproof mixed area with optimized treatment, determines the water concentration desired value of all waters grids in step 22.

Overproof mixed area is allowed to be arranged：According to the position of pollution sources, the feature of pollutant and quantity of wastewater effluent, determine each The area of the permission overproof mixed area of a pollution sources.Allowing in overproof mixed area, waters quality of water environment can be not up to work( Energy area water quality requirement allows then reach functional areas water quality requirement other than overproof mixed area.Except allowing to surpass to each single pollution sources Other than the area of mark mixed zone is constrained, also reply, which calculates all pollution sources in waters, allows the gross area of overproof mixed area to account for The ratio of water surface area is limited, and can reach the demand of environmental quality target to ensure overall control waters generally.

Step 3, simulation of water quality

In this step, within the scope of the overall control determined by step 1, water quality model is established, carries out water quality model ginseng Number identification and verification, and calculate pollution sources and correspond to water quality response field of the pollutant within the scope of overall control；

Step 31, model selects：According to pollutant kind, hydrodynamic condition, discharge of pollutant sources rule within the scope of waters, choosing Water quality model is selected, simulation calculates water area water-quality variation, analyzes water pollution object transportion and transformation, structure pollution sources load discharge The pressure-response relationship of amount and water concentration

Step 32, model and parameters identification：According to the comparison of the analogue value of water quality and actual observed value, model parameter is determined Value.

Step 33, model is verified：Using independent measured data, the prediction result of model is verified, to model Error is assessed.

Step 34, the setting of ambient field：In the case where not considering the pollution sources participated in the distribution, born by other pollution sources Lotus, such as atmospheric sedimentation load, aquaculture load etc. determine pollutant background concn field.When there is no above-mentioned pollution source data, Also the similar quality of water environment interfered by pollution from land-based sources compared with light-water domain can be compared, determines pollutant background concn field.

Step 35, pollution sources respond field computation：When pollutant response relation is linear or approximately linear, vertical linearity is responded Stacking method is greatly improved the calculating speed of water concentration, realizes that the optimization of water pollution object totalizing method calculates.Using water Matter model calculates separately water quality response concentration of each pollution sources under the conditions of unit pollutant burden within the scope of overall control, obtains The water quality response field of pollutant is corresponded to pollution sources

Step 4, total pollutant emission allocation optimization calculates

In this step, using targets such as the sum of pollution sources sharing of load amount maximum, fair sex index maximums, pollution is determined The object function of object totalizing method；According to the minimum value and maximum value of each pollution sources sendout determined by step 2, water area water-quality Water quality response field determined by concentration target value and step 3 establishes the constraints of total pollutant emission allocation.Using total amount The object function and constraints of distribution build total pollutant emission allocation model, carry out total pollutant emission allocation optimization and calculate；

Step 41, total pollutant emission allocation optimization aim is determined：According to the principle and method of pollution sources totalizing method, determine Optimization object function, such as the sum of pollutant source emission can be used, the target as an optimization such as the reasonable sex index of total pollutant emission allocation (using pollutant total release maximum, reasonable sex index maximum as target), determines total pollutant emission allocation optimization object function

Step 42, it is required according to the water concentration desired value of the water quality response field of step 3 and each mesh point, establishes water quality about Shu Fangcheng is one of constraints.Pollutional load and the response relation of water quality are linear response relationships, and object function is also Linear function can be used linear optimization method and carry out total pollutant emission allocation calculating.Linear optimization, which calculates, generally uses linear gauge The method of drawing.Required according to water concentration desired value, total pollutant emission allocation model established using linear programming method, come by this in terms of Calculate the distribution load of each pollution sources in waters.

Step 43, pollutant is built according to reduction potential of pollution sources, such as pollutant sendout maximum value, minimum value etc. The constraint equation of sendout is the another of constraints, with the water quality constraints of step 42 and the target letter of step 41 Number constitutes the constraint equation of total pollutant emission allocation model together；

Step 44, the constraint equation of optimization total pollutant emission allocation model and calculating：Remove total pollutant emission allocation model Main redundant constaint equation (refer mainly to the redundant equation in water quality constraint equation, be constraints in the best part；It is dirty Dye object sendout constraint equation quantity is few, does not influence solution and the rigid constraint for that cannot remove, in the mistake of redundant equation removal This class equation will not be removed in journey), it carries out totalizing method optimization and calculates, obtain each pollution sources distribution load

Furthermore, step 44 can mainly include the following steps that：

Step 441, the feature for analyzing plane grid is divided into structural grid and Unstructured grid, respectively into Row neighbor mesh points identify

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 is please referred to, the signified structural grid of the present invention refers to having horizontal and vertical two on plane space The number in a direction, and number the mesh node with neighbouring relations.Signified Unstructured grid of the invention refers to plane sky Between the upper number without horizontal and vertical both direction, network do not have the grid of apparent neighbouring relations.

Structural mesh point identifies neighbouring relations according to the number of transverse and longitudinal both direction.It is longitudinal to number if laterally number is I For J, for mesh point (i, j), adjacent mesh is respectively following mesh point：(i-1, j-1), (i-1, j), (i-1, j+1), (i, j-1), (i, j+1), (i+1, j-1), (i+1, j), (i+1, j+1).

Unstructured grid identifies neighbouring relations according to coordinate.If laterally number is X, longitudinal number is Y, then for grid Point (x, y), adjacent mesh are the n mesh point nearest with its space length, and wherein n is neighbor mesh points number, can be free Setting, generally takes 3-5.

Step 442, doubtful redundant points are searched, and its corresponding water quality constraint equation are removed, the pollution after being reduced weight Object totalizing method model

If the water concentration desired value of the mesh node will loose or phase than all other neighbor mesh points water quality Deng if that is, i-th of mesh point meets：

Then the mesh point is identified as doubtful redundant points.S in formula_iFor the water concentration desired value of i-th of mesh point, S_kFor The water concentration desired value of k mesh point adjacent thereto.

Step 443, weight reducing linear programming equation group is solved, optimal solution is obtained

Using the method for linear programming, the total pollutant emission allocation model after the doubtful redundant points of removal is solved, is obtained Obtain optimal solution X^*。

Step 444, optimal solution X is examined^*Whether be parent pollutant totalizing method model feasible solution, search nonredundancy point

By optimal solution X^*The Constrained equations (formula 2) of parent pollutant totalizing method model are substituted into, lookup cannot meet constraint The mesh point of condition.

If all mesh points can meet the Constrained equations (formula 2) of parent pollutant totalizing method model, reduce weight The optimal solution of linear programming equation group is the optimal solution of parent pollutant totalizing method model (formula 2), and solution terminates；Otherwise it goes to Step 445.

Step 445, the nonredundancy of step 444 point is refilled into the Constrained equations in step 443.

If the collection for being unsatisfactory for the mesh point of the Constrained equations (formula 2) of parent pollutant totalizing method model is combined into V, then with collection Based on closing V, using possible redundant points in the method removal set V of step 442, new grid point set V ' is formed, by V ' Corresponding equation group adds to the Constrained equations after the removal redundant points of step 443.Using V ' rather than V supplements are newly-increased square Journey group, be in order to reduce the number of newly-increased equation, avoid once adding excessive equation and the drastically expansion that causes equation number.

Step 446, step 442 is repeated to step 445, until the optimal solution of weight reducing linear programming equation group meets former pollution Institute's Prescribed Properties of the Constrained equations of object totalizing method model

Step 442 is repeated to step 445, until the optimal solution of weight reducing linear programming equation group meets parent pollutant total amount point Institute's Prescribed Properties of Constrained equations with model, that is, " total pollutant emission allocation model solution obtains optimal after weight reducing for repetition Solution --- optimal solution brings parent pollutant totalizing method model into, and it is preliminary judgement that the mesh point of constraints cannot be met by, which searching, Nonredundancy point --- the nonredundancy point of preliminary judgement is refilled into weight reducing linear programming equation group " this process, until weight reducing is linear Plan that institute's Prescribed Properties (formula 2) for the Constrained equations that the optimal solution of equation group meets parent pollutant totalizing method model is Only.Obtained optimal solution is each pollution sources distribution load at this time.

Step 5, total pollutant emission allocation scheme is determined

In this step, according to total pollutant emission allocation as a result, to each pollution sources distribution load carry out feasibility analysis, Total pollutant emission allocation optimization result of calculation is adjusted with actual conditions, after determining gross pollutant controlling scheme, then it is right Each pollution sources blowdown situation is controlled；

Below in conjunction with specific marine site, the application of the method for the present invention is described in detail：

One of patent application case：By taking China Bohai Sea as an example, the identification of test structure grid redundant points and effect of optimization

(1) present situation of pollutant scources and essential information

Bohai Sea total pollutant emission allocation calculates the involved full marine site in the marine site ranging from Bohai Sea.Total pollutant emission allocation optimizes The object of calculating be except atmospheric sedimentation, it is endogenous other than remittance the Bohai Sea all pollution sources.

The Bohai Sea source for importing the Bohai Sea is hundreds and thousands of, and the present invention investigates and analyses achievement according to Bohai Sea water area environmental aspect, by Bohai Sea The mouth of the river in marine site and in line source are generalized as 56 sources, and above-mentioned 56 sources are pair that total pollutant emission allocation calculates As.The position distribution of each pollution sources is as shown in Figure 7.The specifying information of each pollution sources is shown in Table 1.Other pollution sources such as atmospheric sedimentation Pollution sources, endogenous etc. are accounted in the form of background load.

The essential information in 1 Bohai Sea mouth of the river of table and in line source

From the point of view of in table, GDP is 19.6 trillion yuans in Bohai Sea river emptying into the sea basin, and 2.37 hundred million people of population, cultivated area is 2.2 ten thousand square kilometres.The specifying information of each pollution sources is shown in Table 2.

2 Bohai Sea mouth of the river of table and the contaminations fluxes in line source

From the point of view of in table, it is 47,400,000,000 m that the Bohai Sea, which enters extra large run-off for 2010,³, COD_MnIt is 30.6 ten thousand tons to enter magnanimity, NH₃- N enters Magnanimity is 7.0 ten thousand tons, and it is 16.4 ten thousand tons that TN, which enters magnanimity, and it is 0.56 ten thousand tons that total phosphorus, which enters magnanimity,.

(2) selection of controlling elements

According to Bohai Sea Waters Environmental quality analysis as a result, the environment of Bohai Sea region includes mainly the part caused by COD Overproof water quality problem, and the eutrophication problem as caused by nitrogen, phosphorus input, it is Bohai Sea water environment pollution that wherein nitrogen, phosphorus are exceeded Main problem.Therefore, the index of Bohai Sea total pollutant emission allocation is respectively COD_Mn、NH₃- N, TN and TP, the water in corresponding marine site Matter constraint factor is respectively COD, non-ionic ammonia, DIN and DIP.The water standard of non-ionic ammonia presses seawater salinity under unfavorable conditions It takes and is converted with the average value of pH value.According to Sea Area Survey as a result, in adverse conditions, 95% nitrogen inaction is inorganic in seawater Nitrogen, phosphorus is Phos, therefore the present invention presses 1:1 comparison is corresponded to, and is partially stringent pact for the control of TN and TP Beam.

It is analyzed according to controlling elements, carrying out the maximum allowable pollutant holding capability of pollutant using two class Con trolling index calculates.The first kind Index is eutrophication Con trolling index, and used water quality project is dissolubility inorganic nitrogen (inorganic nitrogen) and dissolubility Phos (phosphate).Second class index is organic pollution index, and used water quality project is COD_Mn。COD_Mn, inorganic nitrogen and phosphoric acid Salt.

(3) condition setting that totalizing method calculates

Oxygen consumption organic pollution control time：The present invention uses COD and NH₃- N represents oxygen consumption organic index, using TN Controlling elements with TP as eutrophication, using period in order to control water quality worst moon, it is 30d to allow the average phase.

River Mixing area is calculated, calculation formula that can be for reference there are Fetterolf formula：

M≤9.78Q^1/3(formula 14)

In formula, M：The limit scale (m) that any direction mixed zone from emission point is not to be exceeded；Q：River discharge (m³/d)。

Mackenthun formula：

M≤0.991Q^1/2(M≤1200m) (formula 15)

Meaning in formula is the same.

New field formula：

Logy=1.2261logx+0.0855 (formula 16)

In formula, y：Mixed zone area (the m of 100 times of concentration dilution²)；x：Quantity of wastewater effluent (m³/d)。

The area that new field formula can be used to estimate with diluted concentration when being 100 times of regulation mixed zones.From dirt known to this formula It is prodigious that dye object, which will dilute the mixed zone area required by 100 times,.

Above three formula is all empirical estimation, and the factor considered also only has flow.The numerical value of each formula have compared with Big difference needs comprehensive consideration when designing permissible mixed area, to existing sewage draining exit, then can carry out prototype measurement obtain flow with The relationship of Initial dilution area area.It is comprehensive to use Fetterolf formula, Mackenthun formula and new field formula, and combine straight The related ends of the mixed zones Pai Kou are compareed, and take the minimum value of three formula as mixed zone, and be translated into mixed zone Cell number (table 3).

Generally change the setting of pollution sources mixed zone in 3 Bohai Sea of table

On the whole, COD_Mn、NH₃The mixed zones-N area accounts for about the mixed zone 0.09%, the TN and TP area of full oceanic area Account for about the 4.24% of full marine site；In fact, it is up to standard to calculate net lattice control value due to calculating, to the borderline unit in mixed zone Lattice should have the area of half or so actually to have reached the requirement in corresponding function area, it is contemplated that this amendment, COD_Mn、 NH₃The mixed zone 0.05%, the TN and TP area that the mixed zones-N area accounts for about full oceanic area accounts for about the 3.75% of full marine site.Consider It is distributed mainly on the regional area to pull in shore to mixed zone, is not frequent HAB areas, therefore the setting of above-mentioned mixed zone is reasonable 's.

Sea water quality standard GB 3097-1997 are executed, marine environment function distinguishing is four classes.All kinds of water quality classifications in the Bohai Sea The ratio of area be shown in Table 4.

The ratio of 4 Bohai Sea types of functionality area area of table

(4) water quality responds field computation

The Calculation of Hydrodynamic of water quality response field uses Universitaet Hamburg shelf sea pattern HAMSOM (Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model) model calculating, on the basis of hydrodynamics pattern HAMSOM, the work of forefathers is used for reference, for the spy in the Bohai Sea Determine problem and choose suitable raw, change source function and its parameter, based on nutritive salt (Nutrients), phytoplankton (Phytoplankton), zooplankter (Zooplankton) and four element of clast (Detritus) the structure Bohai Sea are based on HAMSOM The three-dimensional of hydrodynamics pattern is swum ecodynamics NPZD models.Due to investigation result show Bohai Sea part marine site (offshore and Near The Mouth of Yellow River) N/P ratio is sometimes more than 16, therefore considers two kinds of nitrogen, phosphorus nutritive salt simultaneously in model.The drop of COD in model Solution coefficient takes 0.03/d.By taking COD as an example, Fig. 8 a to Fig. 8 c are the response field of the Yellow River, Grand Liao River and Liaohe River COD respectively.

(5) total amount group of equations optimizes

According to above-mentioned response field, Bohai Sea total pollutant emission allocation model is built.The number of arguments of the model is that generalization is dirty The number in dye source, as 56；The number of major constraints equation group is identical as number of grid, and Bohai Sea total pollutant emission allocation calculates Number of grid is 137025.

The linear planner of model solution uses the linear planner DLPRS of INTEL ISL6.0.If using complete Portion's grid carries out total pollutant emission allocation calculating, then since equation number is excessive, DLPRS reports an error and can not solve.

Optimisation technique using the present invention, iteration can be completed twice, in ordinary personal computers (DELL OPTIPLEX755 is configured to Intel Core^TM2Quad CPU Q6600@2.40GHz, 3.25GB memory) complete COD_MnTotal amount Distribution is total to take 1 point 1 second, and practicability requirement is fully achieved.

After removing doubtful redundancy point for the first time, the controlling party number of passes of model is 1843, controls the optimization effect of point Rate is 98.7%.After second of nonredundancy point increased after " error correction ", the governing equation of model is 1844, controls point Optimization efficiency be 98.7%, it is seen that model has very strong accuracy, time for the calculating that iterates to the identification of redundancy point Number is considerably less.

Fig. 9 is the front and back point comparison of optimization, and light grey point is redundancy point, and Dark grey point is practical control point.

(6) totalizing method result of calculation

Table 5 is the totalizing method result of calculation of Bohai Sea items water quality index.

The totalizing method result of each water quality index in 5 Bohai Sea of table

From the point of view of in table, Bohai Sea COD_Mn、NH₃The distribution total amount of-N, TN and TP be respectively 1176509t/a, 159654t/a, 46692t/a and 3073t/a.It should be noted that when, above-mentioned distribution total amount is theoretical value.Consider that the distribution between each pollution sources is closed System, such as pollutant can not possibly be concentrated on to a few sewage draining exit and carry out blowdown, practical pollutant distribution total amount will be less than State value.

The two of patent application case：By taking China's Jiulongjiang River-XIAMEN BAY as an example, test unstructured grid redundant points identification with Effect of optimization

(1) present situation of pollutant scources and essential information

Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area total pollutant emission allocation calculates involved marine site ranging from Jiulong River Estuary and Xiamen The full marine site in gulf.Total pollutant emission allocation optimization calculate object be except atmospheric sedimentation, it is endogenous other than remittance Jiulongjiang River-XIAMEN BAY All pollution sources in marine site.

Achievement is investigated and analysed according to Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area environmental aspect, to the river of Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area Estuary and in line source have carried out merger and generalization, and the pollution sources after generalization finally determined are 33, the position of each pollution sources (serial number and pollution source name are corresponding as follows in attached drawing as shown in Figure 10 for distribution：1 apricot woods gulf；2 (the west apricot woods month U.S. lake sewage draining exit 1# Side)；3 Xing Lin sewage treatment plants；4 Ma Luanwan；5 father-in-law lay culvert sewage draining exit；Railway sewage draining exit before 6 halls；No. 5 military docks in 7 lakes Sewage draining exit；8 lakes Yuandang Ya sewage draining exits；9 Yuandang Ya sewage treatment plants；10 bed ripples tail sewage draining exits (the two of University Road 2)；It is dirty after 11 port sons Water station；Sewage plant crosses in 12 yellow families；13 gardens Hui Jing sewage plants；14 sea deep blue south 1# drain off floodwaters canal；15 Hai Cang sewage treatment plants；16 Long Chi The total floss hole of sewage treatment plant；The 17 total floss holes of Longhai City's sewage treatment plants；18 ZhangZhou development zone municipal wastewater mouths are always arranged Put mouth；The big Baicheng sewage draining exit in 19 tall building；20 scientific and technological middle school sewage draining exits；21 east Shi Weitou sewage treatment plants；22 ZhangZhou development zone recruit The total floss hole of Shangshui business Co., Ltd；The 23 total floss holes of Huayang Electrical And Electronics Ltd.；Sewage draining exit by the U.S. sewage plant of 24 collection；25 collection are beautiful Sewage treatment plant；26 TongAn sewage treatment plants；27 Xiang An sewage treatment plants；28 thing small streams collaborate section；29 9 small streams；30 dam head small streams； 31 Xi Xi (upper slope)；32 Bei Xi (east of a river bridge)；33 Nanxis (eastern Si Qiaozha)).The specifying information of each pollution sources is shown in Table 6.

The essential information in 6 Jiulongjiang Rivers of table-Xiamenwan sea area mouth of the river and in line source

From the point of view of in table, it is 539,700,000,000 yuan that Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area, which enters GDP in basin, 9,330,000 people of population, face of ploughing Product is 2063 square kilometres.The specific contaminations fluxes of each pollution sources are shown in Table 7.

7 Jiulong River Estuaries of table-XIAMEN BAY mouth of the river and the contaminations fluxes in line source

From the point of view of in table, it is 14,400,000,000 m that Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area, which enters extra large run-off for 2010,³, COD_MnEntering magnanimity is 5.42 ten thousand tons, NH₃It is 1.30 ten thousand tons that-N, which enters magnanimity, and it is 5.71 ten thousand tons that TN, which enters magnanimity, and it is 0.24 ten thousand tons that total phosphorus, which enters magnanimity,.

(2) selection of controlling elements

According to Jiulongjiang River-XIAMEN BAY quality of water environment analysis as a result, the zonal environment of Jiulongjiang River-XIAMEN BAY is main Including the local overproof water quality problem caused by COD, and the eutrophication problem as caused by nitrogen, phosphorus input, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus are super Mark is the main problem of Jiulongjiang River-XIAMEN BAY water environment pollution.Therefore, the finger of Jiulongjiang River-XIAMEN BAY total pollutant emission allocation Mark is respectively COD_Mn、NH₃The water quality constraint factor of-N, TN and TP, corresponding marine site are respectively COD, non-ionic ammonia, DIN and DIP. The water standard of non-ionic ammonia is taken by the average value of seawater salinity under unfavorable conditions and pH value and is converted.According to Sea Area Survey knot Fruit, in adverse conditions, 95% nitrogen is inorganic nitrogen in seawater, and phosphorus is Phos, therefore the present invention presses 1:1 comparison carries out pair It answers, is partially stringent constraint for the control of TN and TP.

It is analyzed according to controlling elements, carrying out the maximum allowable pollutant holding capability of pollutant using two class Con trolling index calculates.The first kind Index is eutrophication Con trolling index, and used water quality project is dissolubility inorganic nitrogen (inorganic nitrogen) and dissolubility Phos (phosphate).Second class index is organic pollution index, and used water quality project is COD_Mn、NH₃-N.Each water quality index is held Capable standard uses《Sea water quality standard》(GB3097-1997).Using period in order to control water quality worst moon, the average phase is allowed to be 30d average values.

(3) condition setting that totalizing method calculates

According to Jiulong River Estuary and XIAMEN BAY marine functional zoning, the ratio of the area of all kinds of water quality classifications of Jiulongjiang River-XIAMEN BAY Example is shown in Table 8.

The ratio of 8 Jiulongjiang Rivers of table-Xiamenwan sea area types of functionality area area

It can be seen that from upper table, the ratio shared by Jiulongjiang River-XIAMEN BAY one kind Water Functional Zone is about 8.8%, two class institutes The ratio accounted for is about 38.9%, three classes and four classes are total account for altogether 24.8% ratio.Three classes and four class functional areas are mainly distributed on Close to the marine site of land-based area.

It is comprehensive to use Fetterolf formula, Mackenthun formula, and the related ends of in line mouth mixed zone is combined to carry out Control, takes the minimum value of two formula as COD_MnAnd NH₃The mixed zone of-N takes the maximum value of two formula as TN's and TP Mixed zone.It the results are shown in Table 9.

9 Jiulongjiang Rivers of table-Xiamenwan sea area generally changes the setting of pollution sources mixed zone

(4) water quality responds field computation

Using Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area Hydrodynamic field numerical simulation, the pollutant response field in overall control marine site is calculated. Figure 11 a to Figure 11 d are Bei Xi, Xi Xi, thing small stream interflow section and Nanxi COD respectively_MnResponse field distribution.

(5) total amount group of equations optimizes

According to above-mentioned response field, Jiulongjiang River-XIAMEN BAY total pollutant emission allocation model is built.The number of arguments of the model Generally to change the number of pollution sources, as 33；The number of major constraints equation group is identical as number of grid, the Bohai Sea total amount of pollutant It is 11166 that distribution, which calculates number of grid,.

It is unstrctured grid that Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area, which calculates grid,.The linear planner that model calculates uses INTEL The linear planner DLPRS of ISL6.0.If carrying out total pollutant emission allocation calculating using total-grid, it is big to calculate the time About 30 minutes.

Optimization using the present invention calculates, and iteration can be completed three times, in ordinary personal computers (DELL OPTIPLEX755 is configured to Intel Core^TM2Quad CPU Q6600@2.40GHz, 3.25GB memory) complete COD_MnTotal amount Distribution is total to take 5 seconds, and the optimization efficiency for calculating the time reaches 99.7%.

After removing doubtful redundancy point for the first time, the governing equation of model is 296, and the optimization efficiency for controlling point is 97.4%.After second of nonredundancy point increased after " error correction ", the governing equation of model is 820, controls the excellent of point It is 92.7% to change efficiency.After third time increases the nonredundancy point after " error correction ", the governing equation of model is 1028, control The optimization efficiency of point is 90.1%.It, need not be into it can be seen that model still has very strong accuracy to the identification of redundancy point The multiple calculating that iterates of row.

Figure 12 to Figure 14 is the front and back point comparison of optimization, and light grey point is redundancy point, and Dark grey point is practical controls Point processed.

(6) totalizing method result of calculation

Table 10 is the totalizing method result of calculation of Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area items water quality index.

The totalizing method result (t/a) of each water quality index of 10 Jiulongjiang Rivers of table-Xiamenwan sea area

From the point of view of in table, Jiulongjiang River-Xiamenwan sea area COD_Mn、NH₃The distribution total amount of-N, TN and TP are respectively 135613 Ton/year, 11872 tons/year, 13059 and 1093.5 tons/year, respectively present situation enter 2.58 times, 1.04 times, 0.24 times of magnanimity and 0.49 times, this illustrates that the current Sea-going Pollutant amounts of TN and TP already exceed distribution total amount.It should be noted that above-mentioned distribution total amount It is theoretical value.It should be noted that when, above-mentioned distribution total amount is theoretical value.Consider the relations of distribution between each pollution sources, such as not Pollutant may be concentrated on to a few sewage draining exit and carry out blowdown, practical pollutant distribution total amount will be less than above-mentioned value.

Certainly, the present invention can also have other various embodiments, without deviating from the spirit and substance of the present invention, ripe Various corresponding change and deformations, but these corresponding change and deformations can be made according to the present invention by knowing those skilled in the art The protection domain of the claims in the present invention should all be belonged to.

Claims

1. a kind of contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid, which is characterized in that including：

Step 1, the waters range and land-based area range of contaminant transport model are determined, and needs to carry out the pollution of overall control Object；

Step 2, the pollution sources within the scope of overall control determined by step 1 are generally changed, determines and carries out the total amount of pollutant point The minimum value and maximum value of the sendout of the generalization pollution sources and each generalization pollution sources matched；To the waters within the scope of overall control Carry out mesh generation, the overall control pollutant water area water-quality concentration target value to be met that setting steps 1 determine；

Step 3, within the scope of the overall control determined by step 1, water quality model is established, carry out water quality model parameter identification and is tested Card, and calculate pollution sources and correspond to water quality response field of the pollutant within the scope of overall control；

Step 4, target is up to using the maximum or fair sex index of the sum of pollution sources sharing of load amount, determines the total amount of pollutant point The object function matched；According to the minimum value of each pollution sources sendout determined by step 2 and maximum value, water area water-quality concentration target Water quality response field determined by value and step 3, establishes the constraints of total pollutant emission allocation；Using the target of totalizing method Function and constraints build total pollutant emission allocation model, carry out total pollutant emission allocation optimization and calculate；

Step 5, according to total pollutant emission allocation as a result, being adjusted to total pollutant emission allocation optimization result of calculation with actual conditions It is whole, determine gross pollutant controlling scheme；

Wherein, in step 4, total pollutant emission allocation model is established using linear programming method, to redundant points in the model After constraint equation is removed, each pollution sources distribution load is calculated, and with the pollution sources distribution load pair in step 5 Pollution sources total amount is controlled；The step of constraint equation of redundant points is removed in the described pair of model include：Analyze waters The feature of grid is divided into structural grid and Unstructured grid, carries out neighbor mesh points identification respectively, searches doubtful Redundant points, when the water concentration desired value of a mesh node will be loose or equal than all other neighbor mesh points water quality, Then the mesh point is identified as doubtful redundant points, and its corresponding water quality constraint equation is removed, the pollutant after being reduced weight Totalizing method model solves the linear programming equation group of the total pollutant emission allocation model after weight reducing, obtains optimal solution, examines most Excellent solution whether be water quality Constrained equations feasible solution, by optimal solution substitute into water quality Constrained equations, constraints cannot be met The corresponding point of equation be doubtful redundant points in nonredundancy point, by refilling property of the nonredundancy given for change point plan equation group, directly Meet institute's Prescribed Properties of initial planning equation group to the optimal solution of weight reducing linear programming equation group.

2. contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in In step 1, include the following steps：

Step 11, the range involved by contaminant transport model, including determination are determined according to the water body of concern or administrative area boundary Waters range involved by contaminant transport model and land-based area range；

Step 12, every pollutant discharge amount and discharging modes within the scope of contaminant transport model are investigated, are determined within the scope of waters Main pollutant kind and pollution sources carry out pollutional load press factors sequence；

Step 13, water quality classification and water environment function area situation up to standard within the scope of quantitative analysis waters, determine exceeded pollution species Class and exceeded range carry out water area water-quality overstandard factor sequence；

Step 14, it according to the sequence of pollutional load press factors, the sequence of water area water-quality overstandard factor and contamination control task, determines Need the pollutant of progress overall control.

3. contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in In step 2, include the following steps：

Step 21, merger is carried out to contaminant transport model range presence of pollution sources, generalization pollution sources is reduced to, further according to dirt Dye source maximum reduction potential determines the pollutant sendout maximum value and minimum value of generalization pollution sources；

Step 22, according to water concentration in spatial dimension control requirement, to the waters within the scope of contaminant transport model into Row mesh generation；

Step 23, overproof mixed area is nearby allowed according to waters function zoning and optimized treatment, determines in step 22 and owns The water concentration desired value of waters grid.

4. contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in In step 3, include the following steps：

Step 31, according to pollutant kind, hydrodynamic condition, discharge of pollutant sources rule within the scope of waters, water quality model, structure are selected Build the response relation of generalization pollution sources pollutant burden discharge capacity and water concentration；

Step 32, according to the comparison of the analogue value of water quality and actual observed value, the value of water quality model parameter is determined；

Step 33, using independent measured data, the prediction result of water quality model is verified；

Step 34, pollutant background concn field is determined using atmospheric sedimentation load, aquaculture load；

Step 35, using water quality model, each generalization pollution sources overall control model under the conditions of unit pollutant burden is calculated separately Water quality response concentration in enclosing, obtains the water quality response field that generalization pollution sources correspond to pollutant.

5. contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in In step 4, include the following steps：

Step 41, determine that pollutant is total as target using the maximum or fair sex index maximum of the sum of pollution sources sharing of load amount Amount distribution optimization object function；

Step 42, it is required according to the water concentration desired value of the water quality response field of step 3 and each mesh point, establishes water quality constraint side Journey group；

Step 43, dirty using pollutant sendout maximum value and minimum value structure generalization according to the maximum reduction potential of pollution sources The water quality Constrained equations of the Constrained equations of the pollutant sendout in dye source, the object function with step 41, step 42 are common Constitute total pollutant emission allocation model；

Step 44, the redundant equation in removal step 42 in water quality constraint equation carries out totalizing method optimization and calculates, obtains each Pollution sources distribution load.

6. contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid according to claim 5, which is characterized in that step Rapid 44 further comprise the steps：

Step 441, the feature for analyzing waters grid, is divided into structural grid and Unstructured grid, carries out phase respectively Adjacent mesh point identification；

Step 442, doubtful redundant points are searched, and its corresponding water quality constraint equation is removed, the pollutant after being reduced weight is total Measure distribution model；

Step 443, the linear programming equation group for solving the total pollutant emission allocation model after weight reducing, obtains optimal solution；

Step 444, examine optimal solution whether be water quality Constrained equations in step 42 feasible solution, will be optimal in step 443 Solution substitutes into water quality Constrained equations in step 42, and the corresponding point of equation that cannot meet constraints is in doubtful redundant points Nonredundancy point；

Step 445, the nonredundancy point that step 444 is given for change is refilled to the linear programming equation group of step 443；

Step 446, step 442 is repeated to step 445, until the optimal solution of weight reducing linear programming equation group meets initial planning equation Institute's Prescribed Properties of group.

7. contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in In step 442, when the water concentration desired value of a mesh node will loose or phase than all other neighbor mesh points water quality Deng then the mesh point is identified as doubtful redundant points.

8. contaminant transport model method under the conditions of extensive plane grid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in In step 5, including：

Feasibility analysis is carried out to the calculated each pollution sources distribution load of step 4 institute, pollution sources distribution load is adjusted After whole, then each pollution sources blowdown situation is controlled.