CN113111447B - Centrifugal pump flow channel design method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a centrifugal pump flow channel design method and system, and belongs to the technical field of flow channel design. The method is based on a two-dimensional diagram of a required centrifugal pump, and a three-dimensional drawing tool is utilized to build a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump; dividing the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump into a plurality of tiny modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and establishing a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump runner by taking a single module as a calculation unit; carrying out flow channel calculation of a single module according to the mathematical solution model; combining the calculation results of the single modules according to the gridding structure to obtain a flow channel model, checking the flow channel model through a simulation technology, and adjusting the flow channel model according to the checking result; and finally, determining the flow channel model. The invention is provided with the flow channel wall surface, the speed inlet, the free outflow inlet and outlet, the interaction surface and the fluid medium in a targeted manner, has good design repeatability, and avoids errors caused by a design method combining theoretical design and empirical design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flow channel design, in particular to a centrifugal pump flow channel design method and system.
Background
The principle of the centrifugal pump is to rotate the liquid by using blades and increase the pressure by using centrifugal force. Therefore, the centrifugal pump has the advantages of no part wear, wide pressure range, large flow, simple and compact structure and the like, and is widely applied to various fields.
Centrifugal pumps are required to convey different kinds of fluid media with different temperatures, such as clear water, river water, domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, boiler water, chemical liquid, petrochemical liquid and the like according to different purposes, and for conveying the fluid media at normal temperature, a hydraulic model of the centrifugal pump is relatively simple, but for conveying the fluid media with higher temperature, such as centrifugal heat pump, heat generated on the surface of an impeller due to relative movement is difficult to quickly subside when the fluid media are conveyed, so that turbulent flow characteristics of the conveying media are more obvious. When cold water is conveyed relatively, the heat dissipation of the cold water is fast, the advection performance is very outstanding, and therefore, the design of the heat pump flow channel is relatively complex. As shown in fig. 1, the flow simulation result of the water shows that the friction force is uniformly distributed on the flow due to the uniform medium of the water, and a stable laminar flow state is presented. In the centrifugal heat pump, the section of the flow passage is gradually enlarged, the pressure is gradually reduced, and the risk of boundary layer gasification is increased due to the effect of boundary friction heat generation in the flow passage flow process of hot water with pressure. In the process of increasing the flow passage section, the flow characteristic of the hot water changes, and the flow gradually transits from a stable and ordered laminar flow state to the low-efficiency flow mainly in a turbulent flow state of the boundary layer. As seen in the simulation experiment shown in fig. 2, the medium of the centrifugal heat pump exhibits a stable laminar flow state at the inlet of the flow passage, and a significant separation effect occurs at the outlet side as the flow passage is widened stepwise. According to the analysis of heat distribution, the temperature of the boundary layer is increased and the pressure is reduced at the position close to the outlet of the flow channel, so that the boundary layer separation effect is obvious. Therefore, when the temperature of the transmission medium of the centrifugal pump is higher than the normal temperature, the flow form of the pumping medium is different from the normal temperature, and particularly, the flow characteristic of the pumping medium is obviously different from the form of the normal-temperature clean water centrifugal pump on the surface layer contacted with the surface of the blade. For different media, when the media is not uniform, the friction force has uneven influence on the flow, and the fluid mechanics model is more complex.
Therefore, the centrifugal pump is particularly complex in terms of both geometry and the basic transient physical field of the internal fluid, the flow within the centrifugal pump is difficult to quantify, the theoretical threshold of its design is high, and the blade shape is complex. The current flow channel design is mainly based on theoretical data, and is designed by adopting an empirical value; or develop new products by reverse engineering. The efficiency of the pump is therefore difficult to improve, the repeatability of the design is poor, and the flow path design may be very different for pumps of the same given parameters.
In view of this, the invention provides a centrifugal pump flow channel design method according to the actual operation condition of the centrifugal pump and the flow characteristics of the internal fluid.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a centrifugal pump flow channel design method and system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a centrifugal pump flow channel design method comprises the following steps:
s1: based on a two-dimensional diagram of a required centrifugal pump, a three-dimensional drawing tool is utilized to establish a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell and is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
s2: the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding treatment, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of tiny modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and a single module is used as a calculation unit to establish a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump runner;
s3: carrying out flow passage calculation of a single module according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow passage;
s4: combining the calculation results of the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a flow channel model, wherein the flow channel model comprises flow field patterns and pressure distribution in a flow channel, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
s5: checking the flow channel model by a simulation technology, and adjusting the flow channel model according to a checking result;
s6: and determining the flow channel model.
Further, the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding treatment, the gridding fineness is determined according to the geometric body complexity of different positions of the flow channel in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of fluid, and when the geometric body has a structure with irregular bending, the gridding fineness is higher; the finer the meshing is the higher the operating temperature of the fluid.
Further, the flow channel calculation of the single module is carried out according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow channel; in the specific flow channel calculation, boundary conditions are required to be set, wherein the boundary conditions comprise a flow channel wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in the impeller area is set to rotate, and a right-hand spiral criterion is used in the direction of a rotating shaft.
Further, the test results include a temperature profile, a static pressure profile, an impeller torque, and a pump output efficiency of the flow channel.
Further, the interaction surface refers to a contact surface between different media, specifically an interaction surface between a flow channel and a fluid.
A centrifugal pump flow channel design system comprises the following parts:
a first part: based on a two-dimensional diagram of a required centrifugal pump, a three-dimensional drawing tool is utilized to establish a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell and is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
a second part: the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding treatment, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of tiny modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and a single module is used as a calculation unit to establish a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump runner;
third section: carrying out flow passage calculation of a single module according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow passage;
fourth part: combining the calculation results of the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a flow channel model, wherein the flow channel model comprises flow field patterns and pressure distribution in a flow channel, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
fifth part: checking the flow channel model by a simulation technology, and adjusting the flow channel model according to a checking result;
sixth section: and determining the flow channel model.
Further, the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding treatment, the gridding fineness is determined according to the geometric body complexity of different positions of the runner in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of fluid, the geometric body has a structure with irregular bending, and the gridding fineness is higher; the higher the operating temperature of the fluid, the higher the fineness of the meshing.
Further, the flow channel calculation of the single module is carried out according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow channel; in the specific flow channel calculation, boundary conditions are required to be set, wherein the boundary conditions comprise a flow channel wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in the impeller area is set to rotate, and a right-hand spiral criterion is used in the direction of a rotating shaft.
Further, the interaction surface refers to a contact surface between different media, specifically an interaction surface between a flow channel and a fluid.
Further, the test results include a temperature profile, a static pressure profile, an impeller torque, and a pump output efficiency of the flow channel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the centrifugal pump flow channel design method and system, the three-dimensional graph model is built according to the two-dimensional graph of the centrifugal pump, the three-dimensional model is subjected to gridding treatment, flow channel calculation is carried out by setting parameters suitable for actual operation conditions, and the flow channel model is close to the actual operation, so that the working efficiency of the pump can be effectively improved. From the targeted setting of the wall surface, the speed inlet, the free outflow outlet and the interaction surface of the flow channel, the three-dimensional model of the flow channel is established according to the actual selection of the fluid medium, and the simulation verification is carried out, the design method of the invention has good repeatability, and the error caused by the design method combining theoretical design and empirical design is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flow channel boundary layer.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the boundary layer of the flow channel outlet when the centrifugal pump delivers hot water.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of designing a flow channel of a centrifugal pump according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a centrifugal pump flow channel design system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described by the following specific examples. It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the detailed description is merely provided to aid in understanding the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention in any way.
Before the centrifugal pump is started, the pump shell is filled with the conveyed liquid; after starting, the impeller is driven by the shaft to rotate at a high speed, and the liquid between the blades also has to rotate along with the rotation. Under centrifugal force, the liquid is thrown from the center of the impeller to the outer edge and gets energy to leave the outer edge of the impeller at high speed into the volute casing. In the volute, the liquid decelerates due to the gradual expansion of the flow passage, part of kinetic energy is converted into static pressure energy, and finally flows into the discharge pipeline at higher pressure to be sent to a place where the liquid is needed. When the liquid flows from the center of the impeller to the outer edge, a certain vacuum is formed in the center of the impeller, and the liquid is continuously pressed into the impeller because the pressure above the liquid level of the storage tank is higher than the pressure at the inlet of the pump. The rotating impeller then continuously draws in and discharges liquid.
As shown in fig. 1, the fluid in this embodiment is hot water, and the present invention provides a method for designing a centrifugal pump flow channel, which includes the following steps:
s1: based on a two-dimensional diagram of a required centrifugal pump, a three-dimensional drawing tool is utilized to establish a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell and is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
s2: the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding treatment, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of tiny modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and a single module is used as a calculation unit to establish a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump runner;
s3: carrying out flow passage calculation of a single module according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow passage;
s4: combining the calculation results of the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a flow channel model, wherein the flow channel model comprises flow field patterns and pressure distribution in a flow channel, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
s5: checking the flow channel model by a simulation technology, and adjusting the flow channel model according to a checking result;
s6: and determining the flow channel model.
Specifically, the three-dimensional modeling of the centrifugal pump is performed by adopting a solidworks, and a modeling result is a three-dimensional graph.
Specifically, the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding treatment, the gridding fineness is determined according to the geometric body complexity of different positions of the flow channel in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of fluid, and when the geometric body has a structure with irregular bending, the gridding fineness is higher; the finer the meshing is the higher the operating temperature of the fluid. The invention adopts the sequence of line grids, plane grids and volume grids, thus the grid quality can be controlled manually, if the volume grids are directly generated, the condition of low grid quality is easy to occur, especially when the geometry is more complex or sharp corners and facets exist. After the drawing is completed, the grid quality is checked and is generally used for calculation, wherein the grid quality is not higher than 0.9, and the lower the grid quality is, the better the grid quality is.
The gridding processing is carried out in Ansys software, the effect of the gridding processing can be approximately understood as 'grid learning', namely, a three-dimensional graph is divided into a plurality of tiny modules, the motion form of each tiny module unit is single, the energy distribution pattern is simple, the calculation processing is carried out on each tiny module, and the calculation accuracy is high.
Specifically, calculating the flow channel of a single module according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow channel; boundary conditions are required to be set, wherein the boundary conditions comprise a runner wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in the impeller area is set to rotate, and a right-hand spiral criterion is used in the direction of a rotating shaft. The flow channel wall surface is the flow channel in the three-dimensional model, and fluid flows in the wall surface. The velocity inlet (velocity-inlet), the free flow inlet and the outlet parameters are related to design requirements and are generally treated as constants. There are several interfaces, generally speaking, interfaces between different media, such as the interface between a flow channel and a fluid; fluid (fluid) in this embodiment, the fluid is hot water.
Specifically, the flow channel model is checked by a simulation technology, and the flow channel model is adjusted according to the check result; according to the conventional three-dimensional modeling, gridding, numerical simulation and result analysis, the fluid in the embodiment is hot water, and in the result analysis, a temperature distribution diagram and a static pressure distribution diagram are required to be analyzed, inlet and outlet pressures are verified, impeller torque is verified, and the output requirement of a pump is verified.
And specifically, carrying out thermal analysis:
the heat transfer of centrifugal heat pumps has several modes, the interior of the pump being mainly convective heat transfer. The flow is caused by:
natural convection: the floating force formed by density difference caused by temperature difference in the fluid causes ascending and descending movement of particles in the fluid, so that the general movement velocity u is smaller, and the convective heat transfer coefficient alpha is also smaller.
Forced convection: the flow motion caused by the external force generally has a larger motion rate u, so the convective heat transfer coefficient alpha is larger.
Laminar flow: the heat flow mainly depends on heat conduction to transfer heat. Since the thermal conductivity of fluids is much smaller than that of metals, the thermal resistance is large.
Turbulence: the particles are fully mixed, the laminar flow bottom layer is thinned, the convection heat transfer coefficient alpha is larger,
from structural analysis of the centrifugal pump, forced convection is formed in the flow channel, the heat transfer coefficient of the forced convection is large, and the heat is uniformly heated. Therefore, in the laminar flow part in the flow channel, the heat is uniformly heated, the heat conduction effect is good, and the temperature is uniform.
There is a thin wall heat conduction effect at the flow channel near the impeller wall, i.e. the adhesion layer.
Thin-wall thermal conduction analysis:
laminar flow bottom layer: the fluid particles only move in one dimension along the flow direction, no mixing of the particles exists in the heat transfer direction, the temperature change is large, and the heat transfer is mainly carried out in a heat conduction mode. The heat conduction is dominant, the thermal resistance is large, and the temperature difference is large.
Turbulence core: in the center of turbulence away from the wall, the fluid particles are thoroughly mixed, the temperature tends to be uniform (the thermal resistance is small), and the heat transfer is mainly carried out in a convection mode.
Transition region: the temperature distribution is not as uniform as that of a turbulent body, and the change of a laminar bottom layer is not obvious, and the heat transfer is carried out in a heat conduction mode and a convection mode. Particle mixing and molecular motion act together, and the temperature change is gentle.
The thin wall heat conduction effect exists at the position of the runner close to the impeller wall, and the change of hot water when the hot water is close to the thin wall of the runner can be seen through thin wall heat conduction analysis, so that the separation effect of the adhesion layer can be seen. With the change in temperature and the change in pressure, it can be deduced where the detachment of the adhesive layer starts. In order to accurately determine the flow channel model.
A centrifugal pump flow channel design system comprises the following parts:
a first part: based on a two-dimensional diagram of a required centrifugal pump, a three-dimensional drawing tool is utilized to establish a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell and is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
a second part: the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding treatment, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional graph into a plurality of tiny modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and a single module is used as a calculation unit to establish a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump runner; the fineness of the gridding is determined according to the geometric body complexity of different positions of the runner in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of the fluid, wherein the geometric body has a structure with irregular bending, and the higher the fineness of the gridding is; the higher the operating temperature of the fluid, the higher the fineness of the meshing.
Third section: carrying out flow passage calculation of a single module according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow passage; in the specific flow channel calculation, boundary conditions are required to be set, wherein the boundary conditions comprise a flow channel wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in the impeller area is set to rotate, and a right-hand spiral criterion is used in the direction of a rotating shaft. The interaction surface refers to a contact surface between different media, in particular to an interaction surface between a flow channel and fluid.
Fourth part: combining the calculation results of the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a flow channel model, wherein the flow channel model comprises flow field patterns and pressure distribution in a flow channel, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
fifth part: checking the flow channel model by a simulation technology, and adjusting the flow channel model according to a checking result; the test results comprise a temperature distribution diagram, a static pressure distribution diagram, impeller torque and pump output efficiency of the flow channel.
Sixth section: and determining the flow channel model.
The method for designing the flow channel is used for carrying out technical transformation on the heat supply network circulating pump of the great earth river thermoelectric limited company, and the operation efficiency of the pump is obviously improved. In the same system, four heat supply network circulating pumps are put into operation, wherein two heat supply network circulating pumps are modified according to the method of the invention, and the other two heat supply network circulating pumps are kept as they are. The operation efficiency of the improved heat supply network circulating pump is obviously improved.
Claims (8)
1. The centrifugal pump flow channel design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: based on a two-dimensional diagram of a required centrifugal pump, a three-dimensional drawing tool is utilized to establish a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell and is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
s2: the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding treatment, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of tiny modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and a single module is used as a calculation unit to establish a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump runner; the fineness of the gridding is determined according to the geometric body complexity of different positions of the runner in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of the fluid, and when the geometric body has a structure with irregular bending, the fineness of the gridding is higher; the higher the operating temperature of the fluid, the higher the fineness of the meshing;
s3: carrying out flow passage calculation of a single module according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow passage;
s4: combining the calculation results of the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a flow channel model, wherein the flow channel model comprises flow field patterns and pressure distribution in a flow channel, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
s5: checking the flow channel model by a simulation technology, and adjusting the flow channel model according to a checking result;
s6: and determining the flow channel model.
2. The method for designing a flow channel of a centrifugal pump according to claim 1, wherein: the flow channel calculation of a single module is carried out according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow channel; in the specific flow channel calculation, boundary conditions are required to be set, wherein the boundary conditions comprise a flow channel wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in the impeller area is set to rotate, and a right-hand spiral criterion is used in the direction of a rotating shaft.
3. The method for designing a flow channel of a centrifugal pump according to claim 1, wherein: the test results comprise a temperature distribution diagram, a static pressure distribution diagram, impeller torque and pump output efficiency of the flow channel.
4. The centrifugal pump flow passage design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the interaction surface refers to a contact surface between different media, in particular to an interaction surface between a flow channel and fluid.
5. A centrifugal pump flow channel design system, comprising the following parts:
a first part: based on a two-dimensional diagram of a required centrifugal pump, a three-dimensional drawing tool is utilized to establish a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell and is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
a second part: the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding treatment, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of tiny modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and a single module is used as a calculation unit to establish a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump runner; the fineness of the gridding is determined according to the geometric body complexity of different positions of the runner in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of the fluid, wherein the geometric body has a structure with irregular bending, and the higher the fineness of the gridding is; the higher the working condition temperature of the fluid, the higher the fineness of the meshing;
third section: carrying out flow passage calculation of a single module according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow passage;
fourth part: combining the calculation results of the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a flow channel model, wherein the flow channel model comprises flow field patterns and pressure distribution in a flow channel, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
fifth part: checking the flow channel model by a simulation technology, and adjusting the flow channel model according to a checking result;
sixth section: and determining the flow channel model.
6. The centrifugal pump flow channel design system according to claim 5, wherein the flow channel calculation of the single module is performed according to the generated mathematical solution model of the centrifugal pump flow channel; in the specific flow channel calculation, boundary conditions are required to be set, wherein the boundary conditions comprise a flow channel wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in the impeller area is set to rotate, and a right-hand spiral criterion is used in the direction of a rotating shaft.
7. A centrifugal pump flow channel design system according to claim 6, wherein the interface is a contact surface between different media, in particular between a flow channel and a fluid.
8. The centrifugal pump flow path design system of claim 5, wherein the test results include a temperature profile, a static pressure profile, an impeller torque, and a pump output efficiency of the flow path.
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