CN113111447A - Centrifugal pump flow passage design method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a centrifugal pump flow channel design method and system, and belongs to the technical field of flow channel design. The method is based on a two-dimensional diagram of a required centrifugal pump, and a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is established by utilizing a three-dimensional drawing tool; dividing the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump into a plurality of small modules according to the sequence of the line grid, the surface grid and the body grid, and establishing a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump flow channel by taking a single module as a computing unit; calculating the flow channel of a single module according to the mathematical solution model; combining the results calculated by the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a flow channel model, checking the flow channel model by a simulation technology, and adjusting the flow channel model according to the checking result; and finally determining the flow channel model. The invention sets flow channel wall, speed inlet, free outflow inlet and outlet, interactive surface and fluid medium, with good design repeatability, and avoids error caused by design method combining theory and experience design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flow passage design, in particular to a method and a system for designing a flow passage of a centrifugal pump.
Background
The principle of centrifugal pumps is to rotate a liquid by means of blades and to increase the pressure by means of centrifugal force. Therefore, the centrifugal pump has the advantages of no part abrasion, wide pressure range, large flow, simple and compact structure and the like, and is widely applied to various fields.
The centrifugal pump needs to transmit different kinds of fluid media with different temperatures according to different purposes, such as clear water, river water, domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, boiler water, chemical liquid, petrochemical liquid and the like. When cold water is relatively transmitted, the heat dissipation of the cold water is fast, and the advection performance is very outstanding, so the heat pump flow channel design consideration problem is relatively complex. As shown in fig. 1, the flow simulation result of the water at normal temperature shows that, since the medium of the water is uniform, the influence of the friction force on the flow is uniformly distributed, and a smooth laminar flow state is presented. In the centrifugal heat pump, the section of the flow channel is gradually enlarged in the flowing process of hot water with pressure in the flow channel, the pressure is gradually reduced, and the risk of boundary layer gasification is increased due to the effect of boundary friction heat generation. In the process of increasing the cross section of the flow channel, the flow characteristics of the hot water are changed, and the flow is gradually transited to the low-efficiency flow with the boundary layer mainly in a turbulent flow state from a stable and orderly laminar flow state. As seen in the simulation shown in fig. 2, the medium of the centrifugal heat pump exhibits a stable laminar flow state at the inlet of the flow passage, and a significant separation effect occurs at the outlet side as the flow passage is gradually widened. According to the analysis of heat distribution, the temperature of the boundary layer is increased and the pressure is reduced at the position close to the outlet of the flow channel, so that the boundary layer separation effect is obvious. Therefore, when the temperature of the transmission medium of the centrifugal pump is higher than the normal temperature, the flow form of the pumping medium is different from the normal temperature, and particularly, the flow characteristic of the surface layer contacted with the surface of the blade is obviously different from the form of the normal-temperature clean water centrifugal pump. For different media, when the media to be conveyed is uneven, the influence of friction on the flow is also uneven, and the fluid mechanics model is more complicated.
Therefore, the centrifugal pump is particularly complex and difficult to quantify in terms of both geometry and the fundamental transient physical field of the internal fluid, with a high design theoretic threshold and complex blade shapes. At present, the flow channel design is mainly designed by adopting empirical values on the basis of theoretical data; or develop new products by reverse engineering. The pump efficiency is difficult to improve, the design repeatability is not good, and the flow channel design for the same given parameters of the pump may be very different.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a centrifugal pump flow channel design method according to the actual operating condition of the centrifugal pump and the flow characteristics of the internal fluid.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a centrifugal pump flow channel design method and system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a centrifugal pump flow passage design method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump by using a three-dimensional drawing tool on the basis of a two-dimensional diagram of the required centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell, the impeller is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
s2: carrying out gridding treatment on the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of fine modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and establishing a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump flow channel by taking a single module as a calculation unit;
s3: calculating the flow channel of a single module according to the generated mathematical solving model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump;
s4: combining the results calculated by the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a runner model, wherein the runner model comprises a runner internal flow field graph, pressure distribution, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
s5: the flow channel model is checked through a simulation technology, and the flow channel model is adjusted according to a checking result;
s6: and determining the flow channel model.
Further, carrying out gridding processing on a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump, wherein the gridding fineness is determined according to the complexity of geometric bodies at different positions of a flow channel in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of fluid, and when the geometric bodies have a structure with irregular bending, the gridding fineness is higher; the fineness of the gridding is higher when the working temperature of the fluid is higher.
Furthermore, the flow channel calculation of a single module is carried out according to the generated mathematical solving model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump; in specific runner calculation, boundary conditions are required to be set, the boundary conditions comprise a runner wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in an impeller area is set to rotate, and the right-hand spiral rule is used in the direction of a rotating shaft.
Further, the test results include a temperature profile of the flow passage, a static pressure profile, an impeller torque, and a pump output efficiency.
Furthermore, the interaction surface refers to a contact surface between different media, specifically an interaction surface between a flow channel and a fluid.
A centrifugal pump flow passage design system comprises the following parts:
a first part: establishing a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump by using a three-dimensional drawing tool on the basis of a two-dimensional diagram of the required centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell, the impeller is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
a second part: carrying out gridding treatment on the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of fine modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and establishing a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump flow channel by taking a single module as a calculation unit;
and a third part: calculating the flow channel of a single module according to the generated mathematical solving model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump;
the fourth part: combining the results calculated by the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a runner model, wherein the runner model comprises a runner internal flow field graph, pressure distribution, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
the fifth part is that: the flow channel model is checked through a simulation technology, and the flow channel model is adjusted according to a checking result;
a sixth part: and determining the flow channel model.
Further, carrying out gridding treatment on the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump, wherein the gridding fineness is determined according to the complexity of geometric bodies at different positions of a flow channel in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of fluid, the geometric bodies have a structure with irregular bending, and the gridding fineness is higher; the higher the working temperature of the fluid, the higher the fineness of the meshing.
Furthermore, the flow channel calculation of a single module is carried out according to the generated mathematical solving model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump; in specific runner calculation, boundary conditions are required to be set, the boundary conditions comprise a runner wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in an impeller area is set to rotate, and the right-hand spiral rule is used in the direction of a rotating shaft.
Furthermore, the interaction surface refers to a contact surface between different media, specifically an interaction surface between a flow channel and a fluid.
Further, the test results include a temperature profile of the flow passage, a static pressure profile, an impeller torque, and a pump output efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the centrifugal pump flow channel design method and system, the three-dimensional graph model is constructed according to the two-dimensional graph of the centrifugal pump, the three-dimensional model is subjected to gridding treatment, the flow channel calculation is carried out by setting parameters adaptive to actual operation conditions, the flow channel model is close to the reality, and the working efficiency of the pump can be effectively improved. From the specific arrangement of a flow channel wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow outlet and an interaction surface, the establishment of a three-dimensional model of a flow channel by selecting a fluid medium according to the actual conditions to the simulation verification, the design method has good repeatability, and avoids errors caused by the design method combining theoretical and empirical design.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a flow channel boundary layer.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the boundary layer of the outlet of the flow passage when the centrifugal pump delivers hot water.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a centrifugal pump flow path design method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a centrifugal pump flowpath design system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.
Before the pump of the centrifugal pump is started, the pump shell is filled with the conveyed liquid; after starting, the impeller is driven by the shaft to rotate at high speed, and the liquid between the blades must also rotate along with the impeller. Under the action of centrifugal force, the liquid is thrown from the center of the impeller to the outer edge and obtains energy, and the liquid leaves the outer edge of the impeller at high speed and enters the volute pump shell. In the volute, the liquid is decelerated due to the gradual expansion of the flow passage, part of kinetic energy is converted into static pressure energy, and finally the static pressure energy flows into a discharge pipeline at higher pressure and is sent to a required place. When the liquid flows from the center of the impeller to the outer edge, a certain vacuum is formed in the center of the impeller, and the liquid is continuously pressed into the impeller because the pressure above the liquid level of the storage tank is higher than the pressure at the inlet of the pump. Thus, the rotating impeller continuously sucks and discharges the liquid.
As shown in fig. 1, the fluid in this embodiment is hot water, and the present invention provides a method for designing a flow passage of a centrifugal pump, including the following steps:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump by using a three-dimensional drawing tool on the basis of a two-dimensional diagram of the required centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell, the impeller is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
s2: carrying out gridding treatment on the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of fine modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and establishing a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump flow channel by taking a single module as a calculation unit;
s3: calculating the flow channel of a single module according to the generated mathematical solving model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump;
s4: combining the results calculated by the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a runner model, wherein the runner model comprises a runner internal flow field graph, pressure distribution, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
s5: the flow channel model is checked through a simulation technology, and the flow channel model is adjusted according to a checking result;
s6: and determining the flow channel model.
Specifically, solid works is adopted to carry out three-dimensional modeling on the centrifugal pump, and a modeling result is a three-dimensional graph.
Specifically, a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding treatment, wherein the gridding fineness is determined according to the complexity of geometric bodies at different positions of a flow channel in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of a fluid, and when the geometric bodies have a structure with irregular bending, the gridding fineness is higher; the fineness of the gridding is higher when the working temperature of the fluid is higher. The method adopts the sequence of line grids, surface grids and body grids, so that the grid quality can be artificially controlled, if the body grids are directly generated, the situation of low grid quality is easy to occur, and particularly when the geometric body is complex or sharp corners and small faces exist. After the drawing is finished, the grid quality is checked and generally used for calculation, and the grid quality is not higher than 0.9, and the lower the grid quality, the better the grid quality.
The gridding processing is carried out in the Ansys software, the effect of gridding processing can be approximately understood as 'lattice matter informed', namely, a three-dimensional graph is divided into a plurality of tiny modules, the motion form of each tiny module unit is single, the energy distribution pattern is simple, the calculation processing is carried out on each tiny module, and the calculation precision is high.
Specifically, the flow channel calculation of a single module is carried out according to the generated mathematical solving model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump; boundary conditions are required to be set, the boundary conditions comprise a flow channel wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in an impeller area is set to rotate, and the direction of a rotating shaft uses a right-hand spiral rule. Here, the wall surface of the flow channel is the flow channel inside the three-dimensional model, and the fluid will flow in the wall surface. The parameters of the speed-inlet, the free flow inlet and outlet are related to the design requirements, and are generally treated as constants. There are several kinds of interface, which are generally contact surfaces between different media, such as the interface between a flow channel and a fluid; fluid in this embodiment, the fluid is hot water.
Specifically, the flow channel model is checked through a simulation technology, and the flow channel model is adjusted according to a checking result; according to the conventional three-dimensional modeling, gridding, numerical simulation and result analysis, the fluid in the embodiment is hot water, and in the result analysis, a temperature distribution graph and a static pressure distribution graph need to be analyzed, inlet and outlet pressures need to be verified, impeller torque needs to be verified, and the output requirement of a pump needs to be verified.
And specifically, carrying out thermal analysis:
the heat conduction of the centrifugal heat pump has several modes, and the inside of the pump mainly takes convection heat transfer as main mode. The reasons for the flow are:
natural convection: due to the fact that temperature difference exists in the fluid, density difference forms buoyancy force, rising and falling movement of mass points in the fluid is caused, the general movement speed u is small, and the convection heat transfer coefficient alpha is small.
Forced convection: the flow motion caused by the external force is generally large in motion speed u, so that the convective heat transfer coefficient alpha is large.
Laminar flow: heat flow is primarily dependent on heat transfer by means of heat conduction. Since the thermal conductivity of fluids is much smaller than that of metals, the thermal resistance is large.
Turbulent flow: the particles are fully mixed, the laminar bottom layer is thinned, the convection heat transfer coefficient alpha is larger,
from the structural analysis of the centrifugal pump, forced convection is formed in the flow channel, the heat transfer coefficient of the forced convection is large, and the heating is uniform. Therefore, the laminar flow part in the flow channel is heated uniformly, the heat conduction effect is good, and the temperature is uniform.
At the location of the flow channel close to the impeller wall, i.e. the attachment layer, there is an effect of thin-walled heat conduction.
Thin wall thermal conductivity analysis:
laminar bottom layer: the fluid particles move only in one dimension along the flowing direction, no particles are mixed in the heat transfer direction, the temperature change is large, and the heat transfer is mainly carried out in a heat conduction mode. The heat conduction is dominant, the thermal resistance is large, and the temperature difference is large.
Turbulent core: in the turbulent flow center far from the wall, the fluid particles are mixed fully, the temperature tends to be uniform (the thermal resistance is small), and the heat transfer is mainly carried out in a convection mode.
Transition area: the temperature distribution is not as uniform as a turbulent body nor significantly as a laminar bottom layer, and heat transfer occurs both thermally and convectively. The particle mixing and the molecular motion act together, and the temperature changes smoothly.
The thin-wall heat conduction effect exists at the position of the flow channel close to the impeller wall, and the change of hot water when the hot water is close to the thin wall of the flow channel can be seen through the analysis of the thin-wall heat conduction, so that the separation effect of the adhesion layer can be seen. With the temperature change and the pressure change, it can be deduced where the detachment effect of the adhesive layer starts. In order to accurately determine the flow channel model.
A centrifugal pump flow passage design system comprises the following parts:
a first part: establishing a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump by using a three-dimensional drawing tool on the basis of a two-dimensional diagram of the required centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell, the impeller is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
a second part: carrying out gridding treatment on the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional graph into a plurality of fine modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and establishing a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump flow channel by taking a single module as a calculation unit; the fineness of the gridding is determined according to the complexity of geometric bodies at different positions of a flow channel in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of fluid, the geometric bodies have structures with irregular bending, and the fineness of the gridding is higher; the higher the working temperature of the fluid, the higher the fineness of the meshing.
And a third part: calculating the flow channel of a single module according to the generated mathematical solving model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump; in specific runner calculation, boundary conditions are required to be set, the boundary conditions comprise a runner wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in an impeller area is set to rotate, and the right-hand spiral rule is used in the direction of a rotating shaft. The interaction surface refers to a contact surface between different media, and particularly refers to an interaction surface between a flow channel and fluid.
The fourth part: combining the results calculated by the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a runner model, wherein the runner model comprises a runner internal flow field graph, pressure distribution, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
the fifth part is that: the flow channel model is checked through a simulation technology, and the flow channel model is adjusted according to a checking result; the inspection results include a temperature profile of the flow channel, a static pressure profile, an impeller torque, and a pump output efficiency.
A sixth part: and determining the flow channel model.
The runner design method provided by the invention is used for carrying out technical transformation on the heat supply network circulating pump of the large-soil river thermoelectricity limited company, and the operating efficiency of the pump is obviously improved. And in the same system, four heat supply network circulating pumps are put into operation, wherein two heat supply network circulating pumps are transformed according to the method of the invention, and the other two heat supply network circulating pumps are kept in the original state. The operation efficiency of the heat supply network circulating pump after being modified is obviously improved.
Claims (10)
1. A centrifugal pump flow channel design method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump by using a three-dimensional drawing tool on the basis of a two-dimensional diagram of the required centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell, the impeller is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
s2: carrying out gridding treatment on the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of fine modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and establishing a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump flow channel by taking a single module as a calculation unit;
s3: calculating the flow channel of a single module according to the generated mathematical solving model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump;
s4: combining the results calculated by the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a runner model, wherein the runner model comprises a runner internal flow field graph, pressure distribution, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
s5: the flow channel model is checked through a simulation technology, and the flow channel model is adjusted according to a checking result;
s6: and determining the flow channel model.
2. A centrifugal pump flow passage design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: performing gridding treatment on a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump, wherein the gridding fineness is determined according to the complexity of geometric bodies at different positions of a flow channel in the three-dimensional model and the working condition of fluid, and when the geometric bodies have irregular bent structures, the gridding fineness is higher; the fineness of the gridding is higher when the working temperature of the fluid is higher.
3. A centrifugal pump flow passage design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: calculating the flow channel of a single module according to the generated mathematical solving model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump; in specific runner calculation, boundary conditions are required to be set, the boundary conditions comprise a runner wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in an impeller area is set to rotate, and the right-hand spiral rule is used in the direction of a rotating shaft.
4. A centrifugal pump flow passage design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inspection results include a temperature profile of the flow channel, a static pressure profile, an impeller torque, and a pump output efficiency.
5. A centrifugal pump flow passage design method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the interaction surface refers to a contact surface between different media, and particularly refers to an interaction surface between a flow channel and fluid.
6. A centrifugal pump flow channel design system is characterized by comprising the following parts:
a first part: establishing a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump by using a three-dimensional drawing tool on the basis of a two-dimensional diagram of the required centrifugal pump; the centrifugal pump comprises a pump shell, wherein an impeller is arranged in the pump shell, the impeller is connected with a pump shaft, and the pump shaft is used for driving the impeller to rotate;
a second part: carrying out gridding treatment on the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump, wherein the gridding treatment is to divide the three-dimensional model into a plurality of fine modules according to the sequence of a line grid, a surface grid and a body grid, and establishing a mathematical solution model of a centrifugal pump flow channel by taking a single module as a calculation unit;
and a third part: calculating the flow channel of a single module according to the generated mathematical solving model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump;
the fourth part: combining the results calculated by the single modules according to a gridding structure to obtain a runner model, wherein the runner model comprises a runner internal flow field graph, pressure distribution, impeller torque and temperature distribution;
the fifth part is that: the flow channel model is checked through a simulation technology, and the flow channel model is adjusted according to a checking result;
a sixth part: and determining the flow channel model.
7. A centrifugal pump flow channel design system according to claim 6, wherein a three-dimensional model of the centrifugal pump is subjected to gridding processing, wherein the fineness of gridding is determined according to the complexity of geometric bodies at different positions of flow channels in the three-dimensional model and working conditions of fluid, the geometric bodies have irregular bending structures, and the fineness of gridding is higher; the higher the working temperature of the fluid, the higher the fineness of the meshing.
8. A centrifugal pump flow channel design system according to claim 6, wherein the flow channel calculation of a single module is performed according to the generated mathematical solution model of the flow channel of the centrifugal pump; in specific runner calculation, boundary conditions are required to be set, the boundary conditions comprise a runner wall surface, a speed inlet, a free outflow inlet and outlet, an interaction surface and fluid in the three-dimensional model, the fluid in an impeller area is set to rotate, and the right-hand spiral rule is used in the direction of a rotating shaft.
9. A centrifugal pump flow channel design system according to claim 8, characterized in that the interaction surface refers to a contact surface between different media, in particular an interaction surface between a flow channel and a fluid.
10. A centrifugal pump flowpath design system according to claim 5, characterized in that said inspection results include flowpath temperature profile, static pressure profile, impeller torque, pump output efficiency.
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