CN113109890A - Crack effectiveness evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a crack effectiveness evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: s1, determining the porosity and anisotropy lower limit value of the fractured reservoir according to the static fracture parameters of the same oil field sampling well, and determining the distribution positions of the fractured and porous reservoirs; s2, judging whether the fracture has output or not according to the production dynamic logging data of the same oil field sampling well, and calculating the dynamic parameters of the fractured reservoir; s3, forming crack effectiveness evaluation classification based on intersection of different detection depths and dynamic and static parameters; and S4, inputting the dynamic and static fracture data of the fractured reservoir of the well to be evaluated into the fracture effectiveness evaluation classification crossed by the dynamic and static parameters, and determining the effectiveness and classification of the fractures. The method can accurately evaluate the effectiveness of the crack in the fractured oil-gas reservoir, and provides a simple and practical new method capable of being widely popularized while ensuring the effectiveness of the crack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil-gas exploration, in particular to a fracture effectiveness evaluation method, and particularly relates to a fracture effectiveness evaluation method based on different detection depths and dynamic and static combination.
Background
Fractures are important channels for conducting fluids in oil and gas reservoirs and are one of the most focused issues in reservoir evaluation. When a crack develops in a reservoir, the deep resistivity and the shallow resistivity in the double-lateral logging have certain difference; the electrical imaging log image also can clearly present dark stripes; the splitting phenomenon of the fast and slow transverse waves in the array acoustic logging can occur, and the Stoneley wave can present a V-shaped reflection characteristic. Therefore, based on the log response characteristics of the fractures, dual lateral, electrical imaging, and array sonic logging are mainly used to evaluate fractures at present.
Due to the influence of factors such as drilling mud, formation lithology, fluid properties and the like, the probability of qualitatively identifying the fracture based on the difference of deep resistivity and shallow resistivity in the dual laterolog is high, and the error of quantitatively evaluating the fracture is very large. Because the development condition of the crack can be clearly displayed by the electric imaging logging image, the crack is relatively accurately identified on the basis of electric imaging logging qualitative identification; however, the crack parameters such as crack density, porosity and width have larger calculation errors due to larger uncertainty of manually picking up the crack in the electrical imaging log image. In addition, because the detection depth of the electrical imaging logging is shallow, the condition that the fracture extends out of the well cannot be determined, so that the fracture evaluation based on the electrical imaging logging has great limitation, and the effectiveness of the fracture is difficult to accurately reflect from a static angle. Based on the splitting phenomenon of fast and slow transverse waves in the array acoustic logging and the V-shaped reflection characteristic of Stoneley waves, the qualitative identification of cracks is relatively accurate by combining anisotropic parameters; the three-dimensional Moire circle analysis technology can be used for judging whether the crack is opened or closed, so that the effectiveness of the crack is indirectly evaluated, but the effectiveness of the crack is evaluated from a static angle, and the actual dynamic output of the crack is not considered from a dynamic angle, so that the effectiveness of the crack is far away from the actual effectiveness of the crack.
Along with the continuous development of oil-gas exploration and development to deep layers and ultra-deep layers, the fractured oil-gas reservoir gradually becomes a main force for increasing the storage and production; and the accurate evaluation of the effectiveness of the fractures in the fractured oil-gas reservoir can not only guide the testing and layer selection in the exploration stage, but also support the number of well positions in the development stage and optimize the well position arrangement, thereby greatly improving the economic benefit. At present, no crack effectiveness evaluation method is established from a dynamic and static combination angle in the industry, so that a crack effectiveness evaluation method based on different detection depths and dynamic and static combination is formed for a fractured hydrocarbon reservoir, and the exploration and development benefits of the fractured hydrocarbon reservoir can be effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for evaluating effectiveness of a fracture, so as to accurately evaluate effectiveness of the fracture in a fractured hydrocarbon reservoir.
The invention provides a crack effectiveness evaluation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining the porosity and anisotropy lower limit value of the fractured reservoir according to the static fracture parameters of the same oil-gas field sampling well, and determining the distribution positions of the fractured and porous reservoirs;
s2, judging whether the fracture has output or not according to the production dynamic logging data of the same oil-gas field sampling well, and calculating the dynamic parameters of the fractured reservoir;
s3, forming crack effectiveness evaluation classification based on different detection depths (for example, the detection depth of an electric imaging logging instrument is 3-5cm, the detection depth of an array acoustic logging instrument is 70-80cm, so that electric imaging and array acoustic logging data respectively represent different detection depths) and dynamic and static parameter intersection;
and S4, inputting the dynamic and static fracture data of the fractured reservoir of the well to be evaluated into the fracture effectiveness evaluation classification crossed by the dynamic and static parameters, and determining the effectiveness and classification of the fractures.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the method further includes: determining whether a fracture exists and determining fracture density, fracture width, fracture porosity and static permeability.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the method includes: and obtaining fracture density, fracture width and fracture porosity according to the electrical imaging logging data, and determining the lower limit value of the fracture porosity of the fractured reservoir of the oil and gas field.
According to one embodiment of the invention, based on the acoustic logging data of the array of the fractured reservoirs of the oil and gas field, an intersection graph of fracture density or fracture porosity and anisotropy of the fractured reservoirs is established, and then the lower limit value of the anisotropy of the fractured reservoirs is determined.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the distribution positions of the fractured and porous reservoirs in each well of the M oil fields (the fractured and porous reservoirs in all the wells are divided based on the division rule obtained by the sampling wells) are divided according to the determined lower limit value of the fracture porosity of the fractured reservoirs and the determined lower limit value of the anisotropy of the fractured reservoirs.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the dynamic parameter is dynamic permeability.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the fluid production of a fractured or porous reservoir is obtained based on the production dynamic logging data of the oil and gas field, and the dynamic permeability is obtained; the dynamic permeability is calculated according to Darcy's law.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, step S3 further includes: and calculating to obtain the rock mineral component content and the porosity of the stratum based on the conventional logging data of the oil field, and further calculating to obtain the static permeability based on the porosity.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the fracture effectiveness evaluation classification of the dynamic and static parameter intersection is an intersection graph established by using the static permeability and the dynamic permeability of the fractured reservoir, the porosity reservoir as coordinate axes, the intersection graph is divided into distribution intervals of the type i effective fractures, the type ii effective fractures and the ineffective fractures, and the division is based on the relative relationship between the dynamic and static permeability of the fractured reservoir and the porosity reservoir in the sampling well.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in step S4, the data of the reservoir static permeability and dynamic permeability of the fractured and porous reservoir of the well to be evaluated are input into the fracture effectiveness evaluation classification of the intersection of the dynamic and static parameters, and the effectiveness and classification of the fractures are determined;
preferably, the method further comprises the step of carrying out a core experiment based on the core sample, evaluating the cracks from a microscopic angle, and determining whether the cracks exist and how the microscopic parameters exist as a reference for other evaluation steps.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, a large number of rock core experiments can be avoided, the cost can be effectively saved, and the method has high economical efficiency. The method can accurately evaluate the effectiveness of the crack in the fractured oil-gas reservoir, and provides a simple and practical new method capable of being widely popularized while ensuring the effectiveness of the crack.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical route diagram for fracture effectiveness evaluation based on different depths of investigation and dynamic and static combination according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a slice of a core casing showing a developed fracture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a two-dimensional CT scan experiment showing a developed fracture, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional CT scan experiment showing a developed fracture, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an electrical imaging log showing a developed fracture as-received and after processing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of fracture porosity obtained after an electrical imaging logging process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an array sonic log of an embodiment of the present invention both virgin and after processing to show developed fractures;
FIG. 8 is a lower bound value of fractured reservoir anisotropy determined by arrayed sonic logging, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a production dynamic log showing daily oil production from a fractured reservoir according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the distribution of effective and ineffective fractures on a static permeability versus dynamic permeability cross-plot in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the well logging evaluation results of a fractured reservoir of well A of the M oil field according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 shows the effectiveness of A1 and A2 fractures in an M oilfield, a well, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a crack effectiveness evaluation method based on different detection depths and dynamic and static combination, which has the general idea that: first, a core experiment can be performed based on a core sample, and cracks can be evaluated from a microscopic angle to determine whether cracks exist and how microscopic parameters exist (this step is not necessary, and can be used as a reference for the following evaluation); secondly, evaluating the cracks developed within the range of 3-5cm beside the well based on electrical imaging logging, evaluating the cracks developed within the range of 70-80cm beside the well by adopting array acoustic logging, namely evaluating the cracks from a static angle, determining whether the cracks exist and determining the density, width, porosity and permeability of the cracks, and determining the porosity and anisotropy lower limit value of the cracks of a fractured reservoir; thirdly, based on production dynamic logging, the fracture can be evaluated from a dynamic angle, whether the fracture has output or not is judged, and the dynamic permeability of a fractured reservoir is calculated; finally, a crack effectiveness evaluation method based on different detection depths and dynamic and static combination can be formed. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) based on a core sample under a certain depth of a fractured reservoir of a certain oil and gas field, developing description of the developed fracture of the core sample, developing microscopic cast body slices, two-dimensional CT scanning experiments and three-dimensional CT scanning experiments of the core sample, and comprehensively analyzing the form of the developed fracture and the distribution range of the fracture width of the developed fracture.
2) Based on the electric imaging logging data of the fractured reservoir of the oil and gas field, the developed fractures within the range of 3-5cm beside the well can be obtained; the distribution range of the fracture width of the core sample in the step 1) can be referred, the electrical imaging logging data is processed to obtain fracture parameters such as fracture density, fracture width and fracture porosity, and the lower limit value of the fracture porosity of the fractured reservoir of the oil and gas field is determined.
3) Based on the forms of the fast and slow transverse waves in the acoustic logging of the fractured reservoir array of the oil and gas field and the extraction of anisotropic parameters, the developed fractures in the range of 70-80cm beside the well can be qualitatively identified; analyzing the anisotropy of the fractured reservoir based on the fractures described by the core sample and the fractures identified by the electrical imaging logging, and establishing a fracture density or fracture porosity and anisotropy intersection graph of the fractured reservoir; and then determining a lower limit value of the fractured reservoir anisotropy.
4) By combining the lower limit value of the fractured reservoir fracture porosity determined by the electric imaging logging of the fractured reservoir of the oil and gas field and the lower limit value of the fractured reservoir anisotropy determined by the array acoustic logging, the distribution positions of the fractured and porous reservoirs in each well of the oil and gas field can be finely divided, namely the distribution of the reservoirs corresponding to the wells is divided according to the data such as the electric imaging corresponding to each well.
5) Based on the dynamic logging data of oil and gas field production, the fluid yield of fractured and porous reservoirs can be obtained, and the dynamic permeability is obtained; the dynamic permeability is calculated mainly according to Darcy's law. Therefore, the calculation formula of the dynamic permeability can be expressed as:
in the formula: kdAs dynamic permeability, mD; q is the flow, m3S; μ is the fluid viscosity, Pa·s；ReTo the effective feed radius, m; rwIs the borehole radius, m; s is epidermal factor without dimension; heM, effective thickness; peAs boundary pressure, Pa；PwfFor bottom hole flow pressure, Pa。
6) Based on the conventional logging data (natural gamma, natural potential, deep resistivity, medium resistivity, shallow resistivity, volume density, neutron porosity, longitudinal wave time difference and the like) of the oil and gas field, the rock mineral component content and the porosity of the stratum can be calculated, and further based on the porosity, see formula (2), the static permeability can be calculated.
In the formula: ksStatic permeability, mD;
is porosity, decimal.
7) Based on the intersection graph of the oil and gas field fractured and porous reservoir static permeability and dynamic permeability, distribution intervals of effective fractures, ineffective fractures and no fractures (namely porous reservoirs) can be established.
8) In the oil and gas field, when the fractured reservoir of a certain well is located in an effective fracture interval in an intersection graph of static permeability and dynamic permeability, the developed fracture is an effective fracture; otherwise, the developed crack is an ineffective crack.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention fully excavates the information of the cracks evaluated at different angles, namely the micro cracks observed in a static core experiment, the cracks within 3-5cm beside an electrical imaging logging evaluation well and the cracks within 70-80cm beside an array acoustic logging evaluation well, evaluates the yield of a fractured reservoir based on production dynamic logging from a dynamic angle, evaluates the effectiveness of the cracks by combining dynamic and static conditions, and scientifically, reasonably and accurately evaluates the effectiveness of the cracks. The method establishes the corresponding lower limit values of the fractured reservoirs based on the electrical imaging and the array acoustic logging respectively, so that the fractured and porous reservoirs of each well can be divided, each well is prevented from coring, and the cost can be effectively saved.
Examples
The following takes an M oilfield fractured reservoir as an example, and details a specific process of fracture effectiveness evaluation based on different detection depths and dynamic and static combination are described in detail by combining an attached drawing.
The technical route of the crack effectiveness evaluation based on different detection depths and dynamic and static combination is shown in figure 1.
1) Microscopic evaluation was performed. Based on a rock core sample under a certain depth of an M oil field fractured reservoir, developing description of developed cracks of the rock core sample, developing microscopic cast body slices, a two-dimensional CT scanning experiment and a three-dimensional CT scanning experiment of the rock core sample, and displaying that the developed cracks are respectively shown in a figure 2, a figure 3 and a figure 4, mainly are high-angle cracks, the distribution range of the crack width is 0.03-0.08 mm, and the average is 0.05 mm.
Static evaluations were performed as follows.
2) Based on the electrical imaging logging data of the M oil fields, the cracks developed within the range of 3-5cm beside the well can be obtained, and the crack is shown in figure 5; referring to the distribution range of the fracture width of the core sample in the step 1), processing the electrical imaging logging data to obtain fracture parameters such as fracture density, fracture width and fracture porosity, and determining that the lower limit value of the fracture porosity of the fractured reservoir is 0.5%, as shown in fig. 6.
3) Based on the forms of the fast and slow transverse waves in the acoustic logging of the M oil field array and the extraction of anisotropic parameters, the cracks developed in the range of 70-80cm beside a well can be qualitatively identified, as shown in figure 7; analyzing the anisotropy of the fractured reservoir based on the fractures described by the core sample and the fractures identified by the electrical imaging logging, and establishing a fracture density or fracture porosity and anisotropy intersection map of the fractured reservoir, as shown in fig. 8; the lower limit of the fractured reservoir anisotropy was then determined to be 2.4%.
That is, based on the fracture porosity calculated from the electrical imaging logging data in step 2, the fractured and porous reservoirs may be divided, and the lower limit value of the anisotropic property of the fractured and porous reservoirs may be determined according to the distribution range of the anisotropic property of the fractured and porous reservoirs, as shown in fig. 8.
4) The lower limit value of the fractured reservoir fracture porosity determined by the electrical imaging logging of the M oil field is integrated to be 0.5 percent, and the lower limit value of the fractured reservoir anisotropy determined by the array acoustic logging is integrated to be 2.4 percent, so that the distribution positions of the fractured and porous reservoirs in each well of the M oil field can be finely divided.
The dynamic evaluation was performed as follows.
5) Based on the dynamic logging data of the M oil field production, as shown in figure 9, the fluid yield of a fractured and porous reservoir can be obtained, and the dynamic permeability is obtained; the dynamic permeability is calculated mainly according to Darcy's law. Therefore, the calculation formula of the dynamic permeability can be expressed as:
in the formula: kdAs dynamic permeability, mD; q is the flow, m3S; μ is the fluid viscosity, Pa·s；ReTo the effective feed radius, m; rwIs the borehole radius, m; s is epidermal factor without dimension; heM, effective thickness; peAs boundary pressure, Pa；PwfFor bottom hole flow pressure, Pa。
The static evaluation was performed as follows.
6) Based on conventional logging data (natural gamma, natural potential, deep resistivity, medium resistivity, shallow resistivity, volume density, neutron porosity, longitudinal wave time difference and the like) of the M oil field, the rock mineral component content and the porosity of the stratum can be calculated, and further based on the porosity, see formula (2), the static permeability can be calculated.
In the formula: ksStatic permeability, mD;
is porosity, decimal.
Based on the dynamic permeability and the static permeability calculated above, the dynamic permeability and the static permeability of the fractured and porous reservoirs of the M oil field wells are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1M dynamic and static Permeability of oilfield fractured, porous reservoir
7) Establishing distribution intervals of type I effective cracks, type II effective cracks and ineffective cracks based on an intersecting graph of static permeability and dynamic permeability of M oil field fractured and porous reservoir (if no cracks exist, the static permeability and the dynamic permeability of the porous reservoir have a better functional relationship; and when the development degree of the cracks is different, the relationship between the static permeability and the dynamic permeability is uncertain, and a better functional relationship does not necessarily exist), as shown in fig. 10.
8) In the M oil field, when other fractures are judged, when a fractured reservoir is positioned in an effective fracture interval in an intersection graph of static permeability and dynamic permeability, the developed fractures are effective fractures; otherwise, the developed crack is an ineffective crack.
For example, when the properties of the fractured reservoir of the well A of the M oil field are to be judged, the fracture density, the fracture porosity, the anisotropy and the daily oil production of the fractured reservoir of the well A of the M oil field are known to be shown in a figure 11, wherein the 1 st track is the formation measurement depth; the 2 nd path is natural gamma, natural potential and hole diameter, and represents the lithology characteristics of the stratum; the 3 rd channel is volume density, neutron porosity and longitudinal wave time difference, and reflects the physical characteristics of the stratum; the 4 th path is a deep, medium and shallow resistivity logging curve, and the electrical characteristics of the stratum are described; lane 5 is an electrical imaging log; lane 6 is arrayed sonic logging; the 7 th path is the fracture density and the fracture porosity obtained based on the electric imaging logging processing and interpretation; the 8 th channel is the anisotropy obtained based on the array acoustic logging processing and interpretation; the 9 th path is the content of gypsum, dolomite and mudstone calculated by logging; lane 10 is the perforated interval; lane 11 is the daily oil production based on production dynamic log processing and interpretation.
Dividing a well A fractured or porous reservoir based on the sizes of the porosity and the anisotropy of the well A of the M oil field, wherein the porosity of the fracture of a well A1 layer of the well A is 1.10%, the anisotropy is 15.50%, and the reservoir is a fractured reservoir; the A well A2 layer has a fracture porosity of 0.80%, an anisotropy of 12.40%, and is a fractured reservoir; wherein the effective thickness of the A1 layer is 2.10m, the daily oil yield is 105.90bbl/d, and the calculated dynamic permeability is 26.20 mD; the effective thickness of the A2 layer is 4.80m, the daily oil yield is 2411.90bbl/d, and the calculated dynamic permeability is 261.03 mD; in addition, the static permeability calculated for the a1 layer was 3.47mD and the static permeability calculated for the a2 layer was 3.58 mD; see table 2.
TABLE 2M reservoir and fracture parameters for oilfield A-well A1, A2 formation
Based on the dynamic permeability and the static permeability of the a-well a1 and a2 layers, the positions of the a1 and a2 layers on the plate in fig. 10 are shown in fig. 12, and it can be known that the cracks developed in the a1 layer are ineffective cracks, the cracks developed in the a2 layer are effective cracks, and the cracks are type i effective cracks.
The invention can predict the effectiveness of the developed fracture of the newly drilled well of the M oil field through software such as Gelogo, Techog, Forward, Lead and the like.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention, and the implementation steps of the method and the like can be changed, and all equivalent changes and modifications based on the technical scheme of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A fracture effectiveness evaluation method, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, determining the porosity and anisotropy lower limit value of the fractured reservoir according to the static fracture parameters of the same oil-gas field sampling well, and determining the distribution positions of the fractured and porous reservoirs;
s2, judging whether the fracture has output or not according to the production dynamic logging data of the same oil-gas field sampling well, and calculating the dynamic parameters of the fractured reservoir;
s3, forming crack effectiveness evaluation classification based on intersection of different detection depths and dynamic and static parameters;
and S4, inputting the dynamic and static fracture data of the fractured reservoir of the well to be evaluated into the fracture effectiveness evaluation classification crossed by the dynamic and static parameters, and determining the effectiveness and classification of the fractures.
2. The fracture effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the method further comprises: determining whether a fracture exists and determining fracture density, fracture width, fracture porosity and static permeability.
3. The fracture effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step S1, the method comprises: and obtaining fracture density, fracture width and fracture porosity according to the electrical imaging logging data, and determining the lower limit value of the fracture porosity of the fractured reservoir of the oil and gas field.
4. The fracture effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 3, wherein based on the acoustic array logging data of the fractured reservoir of the oil and gas field, an intersection graph of fracture density or fracture porosity and anisotropy of the fractured reservoir is established, and then a lower limit value of the anisotropy of the fractured reservoir is determined.
5. The fracture effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 4, wherein the distribution positions of the fractured and porous reservoirs in each well of the M oil fields are divided according to the determined lower limit value of the fracture porosity of the fractured reservoirs and the determined lower limit value of the anisotropy of the fractured reservoirs.
6. The fracture effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 1 or 2 or 4 or 5, wherein in step S2, the dynamic parameter is dynamic permeability.
7. The fracture effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 6, wherein the fluid production of fractured and porous reservoirs is obtained based on the production dynamic logging data of the oil and gas field, and the dynamic permeability is obtained; the dynamic permeability is calculated according to Darcy's law.
8. The fracture effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 1, 2, 4, 5 or 7, wherein the step S3 further comprises: and calculating to obtain the rock mineral component content and the porosity of the stratum based on the conventional logging data of the oil field, and further calculating to obtain the static permeability based on the porosity.
9. The fracture effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 8, wherein in step S3, the fracture effectiveness evaluation classification of dynamic and static parameter intersection is an intersection graph established by using the static permeability and the dynamic permeability of the fractured reservoir, the dynamic permeability and the dynamic permeability of the fractured reservoir as coordinate axes, the intersection graph is divided into distribution intervals of type i effective fractures, type ii effective fractures and ineffective fractures, and the division is based on the relative relationship between the dynamic and static permeability of the fractured reservoir and the porous reservoir in the sampling well.
10. The fracture effectiveness evaluation method according to claim 9, wherein in step S4, the fracture performance, the porosity reservoir static permeability and the dynamic permeability data of the well to be evaluated are input into the fracture effectiveness evaluation classification where the dynamic and static parameters meet, and the effectiveness and classification of the fracture are determined;
preferably, the method further comprises the step of carrying out a core experiment based on the core sample, evaluating the cracks from a microscopic angle, and determining whether the cracks exist and how the microscopic parameters exist as a reference for other evaluation steps.
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