CN113109170B - Composite material long beam strength test device - Google Patents
Composite material long beam strength test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113109170B CN113109170B CN202110423825.4A CN202110423825A CN113109170B CN 113109170 B CN113109170 B CN 113109170B CN 202110423825 A CN202110423825 A CN 202110423825A CN 113109170 B CN113109170 B CN 113109170B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0023—Bending
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material tests, and particularly relates to a composite material long beam strength test device. The device comprises a long beam fixing device (1), a loading device (2), an actuator fixing device (3), a long beam lateral restraining device (4) and a supporting frame (5). By the aid of the device, the clamping ends at two ends of the test piece can uniformly bear loads, the phenomenon that the long beam is bent and deformed greatly after being loaded to influence test loading is avoided, the test loading direction is ensured, and the accuracy of test results is improved; the diameter of the roller is designed according to the predicted deformation of the test piece, so that the loading direction is ensured to be vertical to the test piece, and the stress of the test piece is ensured to be uniform; by means of the actuator fixing device, the position and direction accuracy of the applied load is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material tests, and particularly relates to a composite material long beam strength test device.
Background
With the continuous development of helicopter models at home and abroad, medium and small helicopters are gradually developed into large helicopters, a large amount of metal materials are used to the present light-weight high-strength composite materials are used on the helicopters, the weight of the helicopters is reduced while the strength is ensured, and frames and beams are the most main components for bearing loads of a body.
The helicopter middle fuselage girder adopts an RTM process, and a strength touch test is carried out on the fuselage girder test piece long girder, so that strength test data of an RTM process piece are obtained, and a basis is provided for subsequent detailed design. The long beam 6 of the test piece is manufactured by selecting an advanced composite material fiber layout design and is solidified by adopting an RTM processing technology to form the long beam, and the structure of the RTM composite material long beam is shown in figure 2 and comprises a web plate 6a, an upper flange 6b, a lower flange 6c and a reinforcing rib 6d. According to the strength touch test requirement of the long beam of the test piece of the machine body beam, the test piece long beam 6 is horizontally placed, two ends of the test piece long beam are clamped and kept extending freely, three uniformly distributed loads are applied to the middle section, and meanwhile, the left side and the right side of the center position of the test piece are restrained to move in the front-back direction of the lateral displacement of the test piece. At present, no RTM process composite material long beam strength test device exists in China, the test requirements cannot be met, and relevant technical publications at home and abroad are not searched.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the device for the composite material long beam strength test is provided to meet the requirement of the composite material long beam strength test.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the composite material long beam strength test device is used for testing the strength of a test piece long beam 6 and is characterized by comprising a long beam fixing device 1, a loading device 2, an actuator fixing device 3, a long beam lateral restraining device 4 and a supporting frame 5;
the long beam fixing device 1 comprises a long beam left fixing device 11 and a long beam right fixing device 12 which are bilaterally symmetrical about the center of the long beam 6 of the test piece, and the long beam left fixing device and the long beam right fixing device are respectively and symmetrically arranged at the upper part in the supporting frame 5 and horizontally and movably connected with two ends of the long beam 6 of the test piece, so that two ends of the long beam 6 of the test piece can relatively slide along the unfolding direction;
the actuator fixing device 3 is positioned under the long beam 6 of the test piece, and two ends of the actuator fixing device are connected with the supporting frame 5 and used for vertically fixing the actuator so as to ensure that the long beam 6 of the test piece and the actuator are positioned in the same vertical plane; the lower part of the actuator is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the inner part of the support frame 5, and the loading device 2 is mounted at the top end of the actuator, is in contact with the lower surface of the long beam 6 of the test piece and is used for loading the long beam 6 of the test piece upwards;
the long beam lateral restraining device 4 comprises a long beam left lateral restraining device 41 and a long beam right lateral restraining device 42 which are bilaterally symmetrical about the center of the long beam 6 of the test piece, the long beam left lateral restraining device and the long beam right lateral restraining device are located right above the long beam 6 of the test piece, the upper end of the long beam is connected with the upper end face inside the supporting frame 5, the lower end of the long beam is provided with a restraining groove, and the long beam 6 of the test piece is arranged in the restraining groove and used for restraining the swing of the long beam 6 of the test piece in the front-back direction.
In one possible embodiment, each of the long beam left fixing device 11 and the long beam right fixing device 12 comprises a single lug upper joint 1a, a first connecting bolt 1b, a double lug lower joint 1c and a test piece clamping frame 1d;
the upper end of the single-lug upper joint 1a is connected with the supporting frame 5; the test piece long beam test device is characterized in that clamping sections at two ends of the test piece long beam 6 are arranged in the test piece clamping frame 1d, the lower portion of the double-lug lower joint 1c is connected with the test piece clamping frame 1d through bolts, the test piece long beam 6 is fixed in the test piece clamping frame 1d, long waist-shaped holes are symmetrically formed in double-lug pieces at the upper portion of the double-lug lower joint 1c, a single lug of the single-lug upper joint 1a is arranged between the double-lug pieces of the double-lug lower joint 1c, threaded holes are formed in the single lug, and the single-lug upper joint 1a is connected with the double-lug lower joint 1c through a first connecting bolt 1 b.
In one possible embodiment, gaps exist between two ends of the long test piece beam 6 and the test piece clamping frame 1d, so that the long test piece beam 6 can move along the spanwise direction of the long beam, and the other directions are restrained by the test piece clamping frame 1d.
In a possible embodiment, the long waist-shaped hole formed on the double-lug lower joint 1c is in clearance fit with the first connecting bolt 1b, and the clearance is less than 0.2mm. The purpose that the single-lug upper joint 1a is connected and designed into a long waist-shaped hole is as follows: after three equipartition load is applyed in 6 middle sections of test piece long beam, waist shape slot hole translation can be followed in test piece length direction in the time of test piece length direction can be rotatory around the first connecting bolt 1b of both ends exposed core to the test piece long beam 6, enables test piece both ends exposed core and evenly bears the load, avoids the long beam to bend the deformation great after the loading simultaneously, influences experimental loading, guarantees experimental loading direction, has improved the accuracy of test result.
In a possible embodiment, the loading device 2 comprises a loading joint 2a, a second connecting bolt 2b, a loading roller 2c;
In one possible embodiment, the actuator fixing device 3 includes a hoop 3a, a clamping plate 3b, a long screw 3c, a nut 3d, an actuator fixing beam 3f, and a fixing seat 3g;
the actuator fixing cross beam 3f comprises two channel steels which are symmetrically arranged front and back, and two ends of each channel steel are respectively connected with two ends inside the supporting frame 5; the fixing seat 3g is fixed on the plant floor, the lower end of the actuator is connected with the fixing seat 3g, the cylinder of the actuator is arranged in the hoop 3a, the hoop 3a is connected with a clamping plate 3b, two holes are formed in two ends of the clamping plate 3b, a long screw 3c is respectively arranged in each hole, two ends of each long screw 3c are respectively in threaded connection with a fixing cross beam 3f of the actuator, and the nut 3d is sleeved on the long screw 3c and is used for positioning by screwing the nut 3d after the actuator is installed in place; the actuator is finely adjusted in the front-back direction through the device, so that the position and the direction of the applied load are ensured.
In one possible embodiment, the number of the actuators is at least 3, and the actuators are uniformly arranged on the loading section of the test piece long beam 6; the loading actuator fixing device 3 further comprises elastic thread sleeves 3e, the elastic thread sleeves 3e are located between adjacent actuators, two ends of each elastic thread sleeve are respectively sleeved on the long screw rods 3c corresponding to the actuators on the two sides, and the multiple actuators are located on the same vertical plane.
In one possible embodiment, each of the long beam left lateral restraining device 41 and the long beam right lateral restraining device 42 comprises a third connecting bolt 4a, a bracket 4b and a restraining slot 4c;
the bottom plate of the bracket 4b is connected with the upper end surface of the inner part of the supporting frame 5 through a bolt 4a, and the test piece long beam 6 is placed in the constraint groove 4 c.
In a possible embodiment, the two sides of the loading roller 2c of the loading device 2 are provided with arc edges, so that the test piece is prevented from being damaged in advance due to stress concentration caused by sharp edges on the roller during loading.
In one possible embodiment, the actuator fixing device 3 is located 1/3 of the distance from the actuator loading end.
The invention has the advantages that: by the aid of the device, the clamping ends at two ends of the test piece can uniformly bear loads, and the phenomenon that the long beam is bent and deformed greatly after being loaded to influence test loading is avoided, so that the test loading direction is ensured, and the accuracy of test results is improved; the diameter of the roller is designed according to the predicted deformation of the test piece, so that the loading direction is ensured to be vertical to the test piece, and the stress of the test piece is ensured to be uniform; by means of the actuator fixing device, the position and direction accuracy of the applied load is guaranteed.
The invention can meet the requirement of long beam test of composite material in RTM process and has high test precision. The load can be effectively loaded, and is uniformly loaded, so that the phenomenon of early damage is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a long beam 6 of a test piece of the invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a device for testing the strength of a composite long beam
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the long beam fixing device 1 of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the loading device 2 of the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the construction of an actuator fixing device 3 according to the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the long beam side restraint device 4 of the present invention
FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the long beam side restraint 4 of the present invention
Wherein:
1-a long beam fixing device, 11-a long beam left fixing device, 12-a long beam right fixing device, 1 a-a single lug upper joint, 1 b-a first connecting bolt, 1 c-a double lug lower joint and 1 d-a test piece clamping frame; 2-loading device, 2 a-loading joint, 2 b-second connecting bolt, 2 c-loading roller; 3-an actuator fixing device, 3 a-a hoop, 3 b-a clamping plate, 3 c-a long screw, 3 d-a nut, 3 e-an elastic thread sleeve, 3 f-an actuator fixing long beam and 3 g-a fixing seat; 4-a long beam restraining device, 41-a long beam left lateral restraining bracket, 42-a long beam right lateral restraining bracket, 4 a-a third connecting bolt, 4 b-a bracket and 4 c-a test piece restraining surface; 5-a support frame; 6-test piece long beam, 6 a-web, 6 b-upper flange, 6 c-lower flange, 6 d-stiffener
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, the strength testing device for the composite long beam is characterized by comprising a fixing device 1, a loading device 2, an actuator fixing device 3, a test piece lateral restraining device 4 and a supporting frame 5. The device comprises two sets of fixing devices, three sets of loading devices, three sets of actuator fixing devices and two sets of long beam lateral restraining devices.
Referring to fig. 3, the fixing device 1 is composed of a single lug upper joint 1a, a first connecting bolt 1b, a double lug lower joint 1c, and a test piece clamping frame 1d.
The long beam fixing devices 1 are provided with two sets, namely a long beam left fixing device 11 and a long beam right fixing device 12 which are bilaterally symmetrical with the center of the long beam 6 of the test piece, are used for horizontally fixing two ends of the long beam of the composite material to be tested and are respectively and symmetrically arranged on the inner upper part of the supporting frame 5; when the long beam is tested, one end of a test piece is clamped by the long beam left fixing device 11 and the long beam right fixing device 12 respectively. The specific implementation is as follows: test piece centre gripping frame 1d is put into to test piece one end 200mm centre gripping section, it is that ears lower clutch 1c fixes the test piece in the centre gripping frame through 6 bolts to the above-mentioned, the clearance is not more than 0.2mm between test piece and the test piece centre gripping frame 1d, it is portable to length direction to ensure that the test piece is at the long roof beam exhibition, other two directions are through the restraint of test piece centre gripping frame 1d, there is a waist type hole ears lower clutch 1c upper portion, be connected with monaural top connection 1a through first connecting bolt 1b, monaural top connection 1a has been connected to on the braced frame 5. Its characterized in that ears lower clutch 1c is connected with monaural top connection 1a and is designed for waist shape slot hole, and waist shape slot hole and first connecting bolt 1b are clearance fit, and the clearance is less than 0.2mm, and monaural top connection 1a connects the aim at that the design is waist shape slot hole: after three evenly distributed loads are applied to the middle section of the test piece, the two ends of the test piece can rotate around the bolts of the clamping ends at the two ends and can translate slightly in the length direction of the test piece.
Three uniform loads are applied to the required positions of a test piece, and three identical sets of loading devices 2 and actuator fixing devices 3 are designed in the RTM process composite material long beam test.
Referring to fig. 4, the loading device 2 is composed of a loading joint 2a, a second connecting bolt 2b, and a loading roller 2c, respectively. The loading device 2 is arranged at the top end of a piston rod of the actuator and right below the test piece. As shown in fig. 6, the loading joint 2a is connected to the top end of a piston rod of an actuator through an internal thread, the joint is designed to be in a double-fork ear form, a loading roller 2c is fixed on the double-fork ear of the loading joint 2a through a second connecting bolt 2b, the width of the loading roller 2c is slightly larger than the width 6mm of a test piece, the roller is ensured to be in complete contact with a lower flange 6c of a beam during test loading, and two sides of the roller are arc edges with R =2mm, so that stress concentration caused by sharp edges on the roller during loading is avoided, the test piece is damaged in advance, the diameter of the roller is designed by the loading roller 2c according to the predicted deformation of the test piece, after test loading, a small section of arc surface contact is formed between the long beam 6 of the test piece and the roller, the loading direction is ensured to be perpendicular to the test piece, the test piece is ensured to be stressed uniformly, protection of the test piece is increased, and a thin plastic rubber sheet with a loading section of 2mm is adhered to the lower surface of the test piece, which is in contact with the loading section of the 3 loading rollers 2c on the surface of the test piece.
Referring to fig. 5, in the long beam test, the actuator is loaded, and the loading is carried out by the piston rod extending outwards and acting on the lower surface of the test piece, so that the actuator needs to be fixed, and the position and the direction of the load applied by the actuator need to be accurately ensured, and the actuator fixing device 3 is designed. The loading actuator fixing device 3 is composed of a hoop 3a, a clamping plate 3b, a long screw rod 3c, a nut 3d, an elastic thread insert 3e, an actuator fixing beam 3f and a fixing seat 3 g. Actuator one end is fixed on the fixing base 3g on factory building ground, and the other end is connected loading device 2, has designed actuator fixing device 3 apart from actuator loading end 1/3 department, and in clamp 3a was placed to the actuator barrel, two holes were processed respectively to two cardboard 3b on clamp 3a both sides, respectively adorn a long screw 3c, and the nut location that passes through on the long screw 3c was screwed up after the actuator installation targetting in place, and the long screw both ends are connected on two actuator fixed cross beam 3f, and this device of actuator fore-and-aft direction fine setting accessible, the long waist type hole of the fine setting accessible actuator fixed cross beam 3f both sides of left and right directions, through the fixed 3 actuators of applying load of device, actuator loading axis and the 6 lower surface verticality of test piece long beam, and the loading axis of three actuator is in the symmetry face of test piece fore-and-aft direction, through the position and the direction of the load of applying are guaranteed to the device.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the lateral restraining device 4 for the test piece is composed of 2 lateral restraining brackets, a left lateral restraining bracket 41 for the long beam, a right lateral restraining bracket 42 for the long beam, a third connecting bolt 4a and two adjustable cross beams 4 b. The long beam left side direction restraint support 41 and the long beam right side direction restraint support 42 are connected to two adjustable cross beams 4b through four bolts, the distance between the support and a test piece is finely adjusted through a waist-shaped hole in the restraint support base plate, the restraint part of the test piece is placed in a support test piece restraint face sliding groove 4c, the width of the sliding groove 4c is 80mm, the distance between the test piece and the restraint faces on the two sides is about 3mm, and the long beam left side direction restraint support 41 and the long beam right side direction restraint support 42 are fixed in the front-back direction of the test piece in the left and right 300mm position restraint test piece in the center position.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: during testing, uniform load is applied to the long beam of the RTM test piece at 3 points at the same time, the loading direction is required to be perpendicular to the lower surface of the long beam in the test, and the two ends of the test piece can rotate around bolts at the clamping ends of the two ends and can translate slightly in the length direction of the test piece. The diameter of the roller is designed according to the predicted deformation of the test piece, so that the loading direction is ensured to be vertical to the test piece, and the stress of the test piece is ensured to be uniform; by means of the actuator fixing device, the position and the direction of the applied load are guaranteed to be accurate.
Claims (10)
1. The device for testing the strength of the long beam made of the composite material is characterized by being used for testing the strength of a long beam (6) of a test piece and comprising a long beam fixing device (1), a loading device (2), an actuator fixing device (3), a long beam lateral restraining device (4) and a supporting frame (5);
the long beam fixing device (1) comprises a long beam left fixing device (11) and a long beam right fixing device (12) which are bilaterally symmetrical about the center of the long beam (6) of the test piece, and the long beam left fixing device and the long beam right fixing device are respectively symmetrically arranged at the inner upper part of the supporting frame (5) and are horizontally and movably connected with the two ends of the long beam (6) of the test piece, so that the two ends of the long beam (6) of the test piece can relatively slide along the unfolding direction;
the actuator fixing device (3) is positioned under the test piece long beam (6), and two ends of the actuator fixing device are connected with the supporting frame (5) and used for vertically fixing the actuator so as to ensure that the test piece long beam (6) and the actuator are positioned in the same vertical plane; the lower part of the actuator is fixedly connected to the lower end face of the inner part of the supporting frame (5), and the loading device (2) is installed at the top end of the actuator, is in contact with the lower surface of the long beam (6) of the test piece and is used for loading the long beam (6) of the test piece upwards;
the long beam lateral restraining device (4) comprises a long beam left lateral restraining device (41) and a long beam right lateral restraining device (42) which are bilaterally symmetrical about the center of the long beam (6) of the test piece, the long beam right lateral restraining device is positioned right above the long beam (6) of the test piece, the upper end of the long beam is connected with the upper end face inside the supporting frame (5), a restraining groove is formed in the lower end of the long beam, and the long beam (6) of the test piece is arranged in the restraining groove and used for restraining the swing of the long beam (6) of the test piece in the front-back direction.
2. The composite material long beam strength test device according to claim 1, wherein the long beam left fixing device (11) and the long beam right fixing device (12) respectively comprise a single-lug upper joint (1 a), a first connecting bolt (1 b), a double-lug lower joint (1 c) and a test piece clamping frame (1 d);
the upper end of the single-lug upper joint (1 a) is connected with the supporting frame (5); the test piece long beam structure is characterized in that clamping sections at two ends of the test piece long beam (6) are arranged in the test piece clamping frame (1 d), the lower portion of the double-lug lower joint (1 c) is connected with the test piece clamping frame (1 d) through bolts, the test piece long beam (6) is fixed in the test piece clamping frame (1 d), long waist-shaped holes are symmetrically formed in double lug pieces on the upper portion of the double-lug lower joint (1 c), a single lug of the single-lug upper joint (1 a) is arranged between the double lug pieces of the double-lug lower joint (1 c), threaded holes are formed in the single lug, and the single-lug upper joint (1 a) is connected with the double-lug lower joint (1 c) through a first connecting bolt (1 b).
3. The composite material long beam strength test device according to claim 2, wherein gaps exist between two ends of the test piece long beam (6) and the test piece clamping frame (1 d), so that the test piece long beam (6) is enabled to move along the spanwise direction of the long beam, and the other directions are restrained by the test piece clamping frame (1 d).
4. The composite material long beam strength test device according to claim 2, wherein a long waist-shaped hole formed in the double-lug lower joint (1 c) is in clearance fit with the first connecting bolt (1 b), and the clearance is smaller than 0.2mm.
5. The composite material long beam strength test device according to claim 1, wherein the loading device (2) comprises a loading joint (2 a), a second connecting bolt (2 b) and a loading roller (2 c);
the piston rod top at the actuator is installed in loading device (2), loading joint (2 a) pass through the top of female connection at the piston rod of actuator, connect the design to the double fork ear form, loading gyro wheel (2 c) are fixed between loading joint (2 a) double fork ear through second connecting bolt (2 b), and the width of loading gyro wheel (2 c) slightly is greater than the width of test piece long beam (6), and lower flange (6 c) surface full contact of loading gyro wheel (2 c) and test piece long beam (6) when guaranteeing experimental loading.
6. The long beam strength test device for composite materials as claimed in claim 5, wherein the loading roller (2 c) of the loading device (2) is provided with arc edges at two sides, so that the test piece is prevented from being damaged in advance due to stress concentration caused by sharp edges on the roller during loading.
7. The long beam strength test device made of the composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the actuator fixing device (3) comprises a hoop (3 a), a clamping plate (3 b), a long screw (3 c), a nut (3 d), an actuator fixing cross beam (3 f) and a fixing seat (3 g);
the actuator fixing cross beam (3 f) comprises two channel steels which are symmetrically arranged front and back, and two ends of each channel steel are respectively connected with two ends in the supporting frame (5); the actuator is characterized in that the fixed seat (3 g) is fixed on the ground of a factory building, the lower end of the actuator is connected with the fixed seat (3 g), the cylinder of the actuator is arranged in the clamp (3 a), the clamp (3 a) is connected with the clamping plate (3 b), two holes are formed in two ends of the clamping plate (3 b), a long screw (3 c) is respectively arranged in each hole, two ends of the long screw (3 c) are respectively in threaded connection with the fixed crossbeam (3 f) of the actuator, and the nut (3 d) is sleeved on the long screw (3 c) and is positioned by screwing the nut (3 d) after the actuator is installed in place; the actuator is finely adjusted in the front-back direction through the device, so that the position and the direction of the applied load are ensured.
8. The composite long beam strength test device according to claim 7, wherein the actuator fixing device (3) is 1/3 away from the loading end of the actuator.
9. The composite material long beam strength test device is characterized in that the number of the actuators is at least 3, and the actuators are uniformly arranged on the loading section of the test piece long beam (6); the actuator fixing device (3) further comprises elastic thread sleeves (3 e), the elastic thread sleeves (3 e) are located between adjacent actuators, and two ends of the elastic thread sleeves are respectively sleeved on the long screw rods (3 c) corresponding to the actuators on the two sides, so that the plurality of actuators are located in the same vertical plane.
10. The composite material long beam strength test device according to claim 1, wherein the long beam left side restriction device (41) and the long beam right side restriction device (42) comprise a third connecting bolt (4 a), a bracket (4 b) and a restriction groove (4 c);
the bottom plate of the support (4 b) is connected with the upper end face in the support frame (5) through a third connecting bolt (4 a), and the test piece long beam (6) is placed in the restraining groove (4 c).
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| CN202110423825.4A CN113109170B (en) | 2021-04-20 | 2021-04-20 | Composite material long beam strength test device |
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| CN114056598B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-04-28 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Helicopter fuselage upper platform test device |
| CN114441323A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-05-06 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司北京民用飞机技术研究中心 | Double-acting-cylinder coordinated loading test bed and coordinated loading test method |
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