CN113108680B - Method for judging position of main rib in cement pole based on magnetic field intensity change - Google Patents
Method for judging position of main rib in cement pole based on magnetic field intensity change Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/003—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
- G01B7/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using capacitive means
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for judging the position of a main rib in a cement pole based on the change of magnetic field intensity, and belongs to the field of electromagnetic detection. According to the method, a stable space magnetic field is established through a cubic permanent magnet, a plurality of Hall elements are symmetrically arranged below the permanent magnet to construct a magnetic field intensity detection array, detection values of the Hall elements are processed in different combination modes, and information such as the position, the deflection direction and the angle of a main rib in a cement rod is obtained through analysis. The method fully combines the advantages of magnetic measurement nondestructive detection technology without chiseling the cement pole and measuring the diversity of the detection information of the array sensor, avoids the defect that the cement pole is damaged by the traditional destructive detection method and the problem that the main reinforcement in the cement pole cannot be judged by the electromagnetic detection method, greatly improves the measurement efficiency and the measurement precision, and provides a feasible method for judging the position of the main reinforcement in the cement pole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic detection, and relates to a method for judging the position of a main rib in a cement pole based on the change of magnetic field intensity.
Background
The main reinforcement position is judged, the main reinforcement interval, the inclination angle and the protective layer thickness are judged, and the method is a necessary means for carrying out state detection on the reinforcing steel bars inside the electric power cement pole and evaluating the compressive strength and the service life of the reinforced concrete structure. The method has the advantages that the actual situation of the position of the main reinforcement in the electric power cement pole is accurately mastered, the structural stability of the concrete reinforcement can be verified, and the method has important significance for guaranteeing the safe operation of electric power facilities and providing reliable national economic power supply.
At present, methods for detecting the position of a main reinforcement in a cement pole are mainly divided into a destructive detection method and a nondestructive detection method. The damage detection requires chiseling the main reinforcement out of the concrete and then further judging the state of the internal reinforcement by measuring the diameter of the reinforcement and the distance of the internal reinforcement mesh from the surface of the concrete with a precision instrument such as a vernier caliper. The destructive detection method has the advantages of being very visual and high in accuracy, but needs to invest large manpower, and can cause obvious damage to the electric power cement pole, so that the bearing capacity of the electric power cement pole is obviously influenced. And nondestructive test method passes through modes such as electromagnetic induction, infrared signal and radar detection, only needs to place the sensor and can realize the detection to inside main muscle on electric power cement pole concrete surface, and easy operation safety can not cause the damage to the pole, but nevertheless has certain limitation in detecting function and detection precision.
The nondestructive testing method mainly includes the following methods: and in the ground penetrating radar detection method, high-frequency electromagnetic waves are transmitted and reflected back to the antenna when encountering objects with different dielectric constants with the concrete, such as reinforcing steel bars, and the measurement is finished according to the echo. The method has deep detection depth and wide scanning range, but the equipment is expensive and heavy and is not suitable for carrying; (2) the infrared imaging method finishes measurement by detecting infrared rays radiated from the surface of an object, has large measurement area, can carry out remote measurement, but cannot measure the thickness and the diameter of the protective layer of the reinforcing steel bar; (3) the radiation method finishes imaging the internal structure of the concrete by emitting radiation and receiving the radiation at the other end, has the advantages of clear imaging and complex detection device and has the defects of high price and radioactivity; (4) the electromagnetic induction measuring method is characterized in that an electromagnetic field is generated inside a measured structure by a sensor, the induced magnetic field of steel bars in the structure is received, converted into an electric signal and measured, the equipment is light and convenient, the cost is low, but the detection depth is general, and the complex steel bar structure is not easy to detect.
The existing cement pole reinforcing steel bar detection method generally detects a main bar structure and parameters thereof by utilizing an electromagnetic induction principle, but generally has the problem of inaccurate positioning in the aspect of structure detection, can only roughly position the main bar, is insensitive to the angle deviation of the main bar, and has poor positioning accuracy in the conditions of complicated main bar arrangement areas or torsional deformation of reinforcing steel bars and the like; secondly, reinforcing bar detection device in the market is to the planar steel bar structure design among the architectural equipment such as house usually, can't directly be applied to the judgement of cement pole cylinder type owner muscle structure. Therefore, how to provide a nondestructive testing method for a main rib structure in an electric pole, which reduces the damage to the bearing capacity of the electric pole while acquiring the main rib structure, and measures the deflection angle of the main rib is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a method for determining a position of a main bar in a cement pole based on a change in magnetic field strength.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for judging the position of a main reinforcement in a cement pole based on the change of magnetic field intensity comprises the following steps:
s1: detecting the magnetic field intensity;
s2: judging the central position of the main rib;
s3: judging and measuring the deflection angle of the main rib;
s4: and (4) analyzing the thickness of the main reinforcement protective layer.
Optionally, S1 specifically is:
a cubic permanent magnet is adopted to form a space excitation magnetic field, and Hall elements are arranged right below four corners of the cubic permanent magnet to form a magnetic field intensity detection array; the space magnetic field generated by the cube is symmetrical about a central axis in the vertical direction, the magnetic field intensity of the position where the Hall element is located is the same, and the detected values are kept consistent under the condition that no steel bar exists; when a steel bar appears in the space magnetic field, the magnetic field intensity of the position of the Hall element is changed according to the magnetization characteristic, the magnetic field intensity change characteristics collected by the magnetic field intensity detection array are analyzed, and the position of the main bar in the electric power cement pole is judged;
when no steel bar exists, the magnetic field intensity of the position where the Hall element detection array is located is the same, and when the main bar magnetization effect influences the space magnetic field, the detected magnetic field intensity change condition is analyzed to obtain different main bar position information.
Optionally, the S2 specifically is:
the central position of the main rib is defined as the position of the main rib under the center of the detection array; according to the magnetic induction measurement principle, when the main rib just passes through the center of the sensor, two groups of Hall elements at opposite angles are theoretically under the same magnetic field intensity B, and two groups of same detection values a are obtained 1 ＝a 3 ,a 2 ＝a 4 Wherein a is 1 、a 3 Is a first set of diagonal detection values, a 2 、a 4 A second set of diagonal detection values;
let Y 1 ＝a 1 +a 2 ,Y 2 ＝a 3 +a 4 Parallel to the surface of the concrete pole, when Y 1 ＝Y 2 Then, judging that the main reinforcement is positioned right below the center of the detection array, and determining the center position of the main reinforcement;
the main rib deviation and deflection have different influences on the space magnetic field strength at different positions, and the central position of the main steel rib, the deflection direction and the deflection angle of the main rib are determined according to the magnetic field strength value obtained by grouping calculation and Hall element detection.
Optionally, the S3 specifically is:
setting the central position as an origin O, and establishing a space rectangular coordinate system for a y axis in the direction consistent with the main reinforcement trend;
when the main rib is positioned under the Hall element and deflects in the x direction, the main rib is made to rotateThe deflection angle is thetax; a set of diagonal Hall elements a close to the main bars 2 、a 4 The magnetic field intensity at the position is obviously stronger than that of a group of diagonal Hall elements a far away from the main rib 1 、a 3 The magnetic field strength at the location; y is 3 Y 3 ＝a 1 +a 3 ,Y 4 ＝a 2 +a 4 ，Y 3 <Y 4 ,θx<0 deg., rotate sensor counterclockwise along z axis until Y 3 ＝Y 4 Judging that the deviation degree of the sensor is consistent with the deviation degree of the main reinforcement, recording the deviation angle of the sensor at the moment, and determining the deviation angle of the main reinforcement in the cement pole in the x direction; recording the rotation angle of the sensor at the moment, namely the deflection angle in the X direction of the main rib;
let Y 5 ＝a 1 +a 4 ,Y 6 ＝a 2 +a 3 Comparison of Y 5 And Y 6 Judging whether the main rib deflects in the z direction or not;
when detecting that the main rib deflects in the z direction, enabling the deflection angle to be theta z; rotating the sensor along the x-axis when Y 5 ＝Y 6 The time theta z =0 DEG, and the rotation angle of the sensor at the time is recorded as the deflection angle of the main rib in the z direction;
the magnetic field intensity values detected by the Hall elements are calculated according to groups, the deflection direction and the deflection angle of the main rib are judged, and the problem that the trend of the main rib cannot be determined is solved.
Optionally, S4 specifically is:
when the main rib is positioned at the magnetic array detection center and is parallel to the detection array plane, a is obtained 1 ＝a 2 ＝a 3 ＝a 4 (ii) a At this time, a is collected by ad sampling 1 、a 2 、a 3 And a 4 Accumulating;
suppose S = a 1 +a 2 +a 3 +a 4 And the value of S is only related to the main rib protective layer L, S = f (L), the thickness L of the main rib protective layer is changed on the premise of finishing the positioning of the main rib, an S-L database is established according to the S obtained by detection, and the S-L database is regressed by an SVR model through a support vector machineAnalyzing data to obtain the relation between S and the thickness L of the protective layer;
an S-L database between the thickness of the protective layer and the detection value is established through detection, a support vector machine regression SVR model is used for data training, and the trained model is used for data analysis to obtain an accurate protective layer thickness value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method comprises the steps of theoretically analyzing the magnetization characteristics of a steel bar in a magnetic field, carrying out simulation analysis on the magnetic field distribution condition of a permanent magnet array, combining a magnetic induction measurement method measurement principle, respectively detecting the magnetic field strength under the condition of the existence of the steel bar through Hall element detection arrays corresponding to the permanent magnet array, further researching the correlation between the magnetic field strength change and the position of a main bar in the electric power cement pole, and providing the method for judging the position of the main bar in the cement pole based on the magnetic field strength change. According to the invention, by establishing the Hall element sensor array, a sensor model is further improved on the basis of the traditional steel bar magnetic induction detection, the problem that the traditional magnetic induction detection method cannot judge the trend of the main bar is solved, and the detection precision of the main bar burial depth is improved. The method for judging the position of the main reinforcement in the cement pole based on the change of the magnetic field intensity not only greatly reduces the measurement workload of workers, but also improves the measurement precision of the position detection of the reinforcement in the cement pole.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof.
Drawings
For a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a permanent magnet and a Hall element;
FIG. 2 is a magnetic field intensity distribution diagram when the center position of a main rib deviates;
FIG. 3 is a magnetic field intensity distribution diagram when the main rib deflects;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an SVR algorithm model;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating SVR algorithm buried depth training results and errors.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention, shown in the drawings are schematic representations and not in the form of actual drawings; for a better explanation of the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
(1) Referring to fig. 1: detection of magnetic field strength
A cubic permanent magnet is adopted to form a space excitation magnetic field, and Hall elements are arranged right below four corners of the cubic permanent magnet to form a magnetic field strength detection array. The space magnetic field generated by the cube is symmetrical about a central axis in the vertical direction, so that the magnetic field intensity at the position of the Hall element is the same, and the detected value is consistent under the condition of no reinforcing steel bars. When the steel bar appears in the space magnetic field, the magnetic field intensity of the position where the Hall element is located is changed according to the magnetization characteristic, the magnetic field intensity change characteristics collected by the magnetic field intensity detection array are analyzed, and the position of the main bar in the electric power cement pole is judged.
(2) Referring to fig. 2: determination of center position of main bar
As shown in fig. 2, when the main rib is deviated from the detection center position, the hall element a on the side close to the main rib 1 、a 2 The magnetic field intensity at the position is obviously stronger than that of the Hall element a at one side far away from the main rib 3 、a 4 The magnetic field strength at the location. Due to Y 1 ＝a 1 +a 2 ,Y 2 ＝a 3 +a 4 At this time Y 1 >Y 2 Moving the sensor parallel to the surface of the cement rod according to the detection result when Y 1 ＝Y 2 The main rib can be judged to be positioned under the sensor, and the central position of the main rib is determined.
(3) Referring to fig. 3: judgment and measurement of deflection angle of main rib
And setting the central position as an origin O, and establishing a space rectangular coordinate system for the y axis in the direction consistent with the main rib trend. As shown in FIG. 3, when the main rib is positioned right below the Hall element and deflects in the x direction, a group of diagonal Hall elements a close to the main rib 2 、a 4 The magnetic field intensity at the position is obviously stronger than that of a group of diagonal Hall elements a far away from the main rib 1 、a 3 The magnetic field strength at the location. Due to Y 3 ＝a 1 +a 3 ,Y 4 ＝a 2 +a 4 At this time Y 3 <Y 4 ,θx<0 deg., it is necessary to rotate the sensor counterclockwise along the z-axis until Y 3 ＝Y 4 The deviation of the sensor can be judgedThe degree is consistent with the deviation degree of the main reinforcement, the deviation angle of the sensor at the moment is recorded, and the deviation angle of the main reinforcement in the cement pole in the x direction can be determined. And recording the rotation angle of the sensor at the moment, namely the deflection angle in the X direction of the main rib. In the same way, let Y 5 ＝a 1 +a 4 ,Y 6 ＝a 2 +a 3 Comparison of Y 5 And Y 6 Can judge whether the main rib has deflection in the z direction. When the main rib is detected to have deflection in the z direction, the sensor is rotated along the x axis when Y 5 ＝Y 6 And theta z =0 degrees, and the rotation angle of the sensor at the moment is recorded as the deflection angle in the z direction of the main rib.
(4) See fig. 4 and 5: analysis of thickness of Main Reinforcement protective layer
SVR Algorithmic models As shown in FIG. 4, unlike traditional regression models that compute penalties based directly on the difference between the model output f (x) and the true output, SVR tolerates at most ∈ deviation between f (x) and y, i.e., penalties are computed only if the absolute value of the difference between f (x) and y is greater than ∈. Therefore, centered at f (x), a space band of width 2 e is constructed if the training samples fall into this space band. The prediction is considered correct. And (4) taking S calculated values under different protective layer thicknesses L as training data, and inputting the training data into an SVR model for training. The training results and errors are shown in fig. 5, where fig. 5 (a) is a comparison graph of predicted output and actual output, the blue point is original data, i.e., true values, the red point is regression data, i.e., the result of predicting the input variables of the training object using the trained SVR model, and fig. 5 (b) is a training error graph. The trained SVR model has good regression characteristics, most of the buried depth detection prediction output values have errors smaller than +/-1 mm, and the prediction output value overall error is smaller than +/-2 mm.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for judging the position of a main rib in a cement pole based on the change of magnetic field intensity is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: detecting the magnetic field intensity;
s2: judging the central position of the main rib;
s3: judging and measuring the deflection angle of the main rib;
s4: analyzing the thickness of the main reinforcement protective layer;
the S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
a cubic permanent magnet is adopted to form a space excitation magnetic field, and Hall elements are arranged right below four corners of the cubic permanent magnet to form a magnetic field intensity detection array; the space magnetic field generated by the cube is symmetrical about a central axis in the vertical direction, the magnetic field intensity of the position where the Hall element is located is the same, and the detected values are kept consistent under the condition that no steel bar exists; when a steel bar appears in the space magnetic field, the magnetic field intensity of the position of the Hall element is changed according to the magnetization characteristic, the magnetic field intensity change characteristics collected by the magnetic field intensity detection array are analyzed, and the position of the main bar in the electric power cement pole is judged;
when no steel bar exists, the magnetic field intensity of the position where the Hall element detection array is located is the same, and when the magnetization effect of the main bar influences the space magnetic field, the detected magnetic field intensity change condition is analyzed to obtain different main bar position information;
the S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
the central position of the main rib is defined as the position of the main rib under the center of the detection array; according to the magnetic induction measurement principle, when the main rib just passes through the center of the sensor, two groups of Hall elements at opposite angles are theoretically under the same magnetic field intensity B, and two groups of same detection values a are obtained 1 ＝a 3 ,a 2 ＝a 4 Wherein a is 1 、a 3 Is a first set of diagonal detection values, a 2 、a 4 A second set of diagonal detection values;
let Y 1 ＝a 1 +a 2 ,Y 2 ＝a 3 +a 4 Parallel to the surface of the concrete pole, when Y 1 ＝Y 2 Then, judging that the main reinforcement is positioned right below the center of the detection array, and determining the center position of the main reinforcement;
the main reinforcement deviation and deflection have different influences on the space magnetic field strength at different positions, and the central position of the main reinforcement steel, the deflection direction and the deflection angle of the main reinforcement steel are determined according to the magnetic field strength value obtained by grouping calculation and Hall element detection;
the S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
setting the central position as an origin O, and establishing a space rectangular coordinate system by taking the direction consistent with the trend of the main ribs as a y axis;
when the main rib is positioned right below the Hall element and deflects in the x direction, the deflection angle is theta x; a set of diagonal Hall elements a close to the main bars 2 、a 4 The magnetic field intensity at the position is obviously stronger than that of a group of diagonal Hall elements a far away from the main rib 1 、a 3 The magnetic field strength at the location; y is 3 Y 3 ＝a 1 +a 3 ,Y 4 ＝a 2 +a 4 ，Y 3 <Y 4 ,θx<0 deg., rotate sensor counterclockwise along z axis until Y 3 ＝Y 4 Judging that the deviation degree of the sensor is consistent with the deviation degree of the main reinforcement, recording the deviation angle of the sensor at the moment, and determining the deviation angle of the main reinforcement in the cement pole in the x direction; recording the rotation angle of the sensor at the moment, namely the deflection angle in the X direction of the main rib;
let Y 5 ＝a 1 +a 4 ,Y 6 ＝a 2 +a 3 Comparison of Y 5 And Y 6 Judging whether the main rib deflects in the z direction or not;
when detecting that the main rib deflects in the z direction, enabling the deflection angle to be theta z; rotating the sensor along the x-axis when Y 5 ＝Y 6 The time theta z =0 DEG, and the rotation angle of the sensor at the time is recorded as the deflection angle of the main rib in the z direction;
the deflection in different directions has different influences on the magnetic field intensity at different positions, the deflection direction and the deflection angle of the main rib are judged according to the magnetic field intensity value obtained by grouping calculation of the Hall elements, and the problem that the trend of the main rib cannot be determined is solved;
the S4 specifically comprises the following steps:
when the main rib is positioned at the magnetic array detection center and is parallel to the detection array plane, a is obtained 1 ＝a 2 ＝a 3 ＝a 4 (ii) a At this time, a is collected by ad sampling 1 、a 2 、a 3 And a 4 Accumulating;
suppose S = a 1 +a 2 +a 3 +a 4 The value of S is only related to a main rib protective layer L, S = f (L), the thickness L of the main rib protective layer is changed on the premise of finishing main rib positioning, an S-L database is established according to the detected S, and data analysis is carried out through a support vector machine regression SVR model to obtain the relation between S and the protective layer thickness L;
an S-L database between the thickness of the protective layer and the detection value is established through detection, a support vector machine regression SVR model is used for data training, and the trained model is used for data analysis to obtain an accurate protective layer thickness value.
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| JP2001074699A (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2001-03-23 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Flaw detecting apparatus |
| JP2001194341A (en) * | 2000-01-17 | 2001-07-19 | Toda Constr Co Ltd | Device for judging soundness of reinforced concrete |
| JP2009008659A (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2009-01-15 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Surface flaw detection device |
| CN102322792B (en) * | 2011-07-28 | 2014-02-19 | 陈厚桂 | Concrete pole rebar quality tester and detection method by using tester |
| CN202630887U (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-12-26 | 北京海创高科科技有限公司 | Twin-coil integrated steel-bar position detector |
| CN203964856U (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-11-26 | 北京智博联科技有限公司 | A kind of reinforced bar detection instrument with compound transducer |
| CA2970509A1 (en) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-01 | Maurice Bernard Dusseault | System and method for detecting irregularities in rebar in reinforced concrete |
| CN108614032B (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2022-06-21 | 江苏大学 | Concrete internal steel bar nondestructive testing system based on improved neural network and control method |
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