CN113108272B - Boiler regulation and control air system for injecting flue gas - Google Patents
Boiler regulation and control air system for injecting flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN113108272B CN113108272B CN202110567908.0A CN202110567908A CN113108272B CN 113108272 B CN113108272 B CN 113108272B CN 202110567908 A CN202110567908 A CN 202110567908A CN 113108272 B CN113108272 B CN 113108272B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
- F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a boiler regulating and controlling air system for injecting smoke, which comprises a main hot air pipe and an injection air pipe, wherein the main hot air pipe and the injection air pipe are formed by leading out hot primary air at the outlet of an air preheater, a hole is formed in a flue of the outlet of the air preheater, which is close to the direction of the hot primary air, to form a smoke leading-out pipe, a smoke ejector which provides a high-pressure air source by the injection air pipe pumps low-temperature smoke of the smoke leading-out pipe out, the hot air from the main hot air pipe and the smoke from the smoke pipe are mixed and then enter the main regulating and controlling air pipe and are uniformly divided into two paths of regulating and controlling air pipes, and each path of regulating and controlling air pipe extends to 2-3 layers of front and rear wall corner parts of a boiler and is sprayed into the boiler through a regulating and controlling air nozzle. According to the invention, through reasonable smoke-air proportion distribution and a proper control air parameter control and arrangement mode, effective control of smoke components and temperature near the water-cooled wall is realized, an oxidizing atmosphere is formed near the water-cooled wall, the concentration of corrosive gas and the smoke temperature are reduced, and the problem of high-temperature corrosion of the water-cooled wall is fundamentally solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature corrosion prevention and control of a water-cooled wall of a hearth of a coal-fired boiler, in particular to a regulating and controlling air system for preventing and controlling high-temperature corrosion of the hearth of the coal-fired boiler by injecting low-temperature flue gas through high-pressure hot primary air.
Background
At present, the coal-fired unit boiler generally adopts the air classification low-nitrogen combustion technology to control the generation of nitrogen oxides and meet the ultra-low emission requirement of the boiler, and simultaneously, the coal market is continuously changedMany coal-fired power generation enterprises reduce the operation cost of the enterprises by CO-burning a large amount of high-sulfur coal with higher sulfur content and lower coal price, but inevitably cause the oxygen concentration and the CO concentration near the water wall of a hearth to be too low and too high, so that the environment near the water wall is in strong reducing atmosphere and a large amount of corrosive H is accumulated 2 The S gas causes serious high-temperature corrosion of the water wall, particularly in a reduction area between a burner and the over-fire air, the wall of the water wall is quickly corroded and thinned, if the thinned water wall is not replaced in time during maintenance of the unit, the boiler has potential safety hazards of tube explosion, the maintenance cost of the unit is increased by checking and replacing the water wall in each maintenance, and the safety and the economy of the unit operation are directly influenced by the high-temperature corrosion.
At present, most of power plants with water-cooled wall high-temperature corrosion adopt the following measures to control and prevent the corrosion: combustion optimization and adjustment, anticorrosive spraying and wall-adhering wind technology.
The combustion optimization and adjustment is based on the existing equipment, the high-temperature corrosion is relieved by means of improving the running oxygen amount and promoting the air-powder mixing, but the achieved effect is limited, and the emission reduction control of nitrogen oxides is also influenced.
The anti-corrosion spraying mainly refers to the surface treatment of the water-cooled wall pipe by using spraying processes such as oxyacetylene powder spraying, wire flame spraying, electric arc spraying, plasma spraying and the like, and an anti-corrosion coating is formed on the surface of the pipe to prevent and control high-temperature corrosion, but different anti-corrosion coatings have different service lives, so that the periodic maintenance cost of a power plant can be increased.
Due to the defects of the two means, different adherence wind technologies are proposed by colleges and universities and research units respectively so as to fundamentally solve the problem of high-temperature corrosion of the water wall by using smaller one-time investment. The existing wall-mounted wind technology mainly comprises two modes of arranging wall-mounted wind on a corroded water-cooled wall and arranging wall-mounted wind at the corner of an adjacent furnace wall of the corroded water-cooled wall, wherein a wind source of the wall-mounted wind is hot primary wind or hot secondary wind or primary and secondary wind, certain effect is achieved, and a plurality of problems exist.
(1) The method for arranging wall-attached wind on the corroded water-cooled wall mainly takes secondary wind from a big wind box as a wind source, has different nozzle forms and simple installation mode, but has the outstanding problems of small coverage of the wall-attached wind, easy nozzle slagging and blockage, and difficult long-acting prevention and control on high-temperature corrosion;
(2) The secondary air is taken as a wind source from a large air box in the mode that wall-attached wind is arranged at the corner of the adjacent furnace wall of the water-cooled wall to be corroded, the wall-attached wind is mostly applied to front and rear wall opposed firing boilers, wall-attached wind nozzles are arranged at the positions, close to the side wall water-cooled wall, of the two sides of the front and rear walls, but the pressure of the secondary air box is very low, the wall-attached wind hardly forms effective coverage on the middle area of the side wall which is seriously corroded, the boiler which is mostly applied with the wall-attached wind still has the problem of serious high-temperature corrosion, in addition, the secondary air of a combustor can be insufficient due to the adoption of the mode, the problems of unstable low-load combustion, deteriorated combustion working conditions, reduced combustion efficiency and the like are caused.
(3) The wall-attached air mode can be arranged at the corner of the adjacent furnace wall of the water-cooled wall with corrosion, hot primary air can be used as an air source, the purpose of fully covering the water-cooled wall is achieved by utilizing the characteristics of high air pressure and enough rigidity of the hot primary air, a better effect is obtained in the existing application, but the mode is mainly used for a front-wall and rear-wall opposed firing boiler, the four-corner tangential firing boiler is less in application, in addition, the hot primary air used by the wall-attached air generally accounts for about 5% of the total air quantity in operation, which is equivalent to 30% of the output of a primary air fan, and the air quantity margin of the primary air fan designed by a fan manufacturer at present is generally about 10%, so the wall-attached air mode is limited in implementation condition, and the cost input is correspondingly increased if the primary air fan is matched for reconstruction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a boiler regulating and controlling air system for injecting flue gas, wherein flue gas on the primary air side of the outlet of an air preheater is injected by hot primary air (because the air leakage rate of the primary air side of the air preheater is higher, the oxygen content of low-temperature flue gas on the side outlet is higher, and different boiler loads can reach 5% -7%) and is mixed with another small amount of hot primary air to form regulating and controlling air, so that the flue gas components and the flue gas temperature near a water-cooled wall are regulated and controlled, the vicinity of the water-cooled wall is changed into an oxidizing atmosphere, the concentration of corrosive gas is reduced, the flue gas temperature near the water-cooled wall is reduced, and the fundamental prevention and control of high-temperature corrosion of the water-cooled wall of a boiler are effectively realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the utility model provides an inject boiler regulation and control wind system of flue gas, include the main hot-blast pipe and draw the induced draft pipe that form by the hot primary air side of air heater export, the flue trompil that the air heater export is close to hot primary air direction forms the flue gas eduction tube, the flue gas pipe after the low temperature flue gas of flue gas eduction tube is sucked out by the flue gas eductor that draws the induced draft pipe to provide high-pressure air supply, the flue gas pipe after hot-blast and the flue gas that comes by the flue gas pipe that comes by the main hot-blast pipe mix, get into main regulation and control tuber pipe and equally divide into two ways branch regulation and control tuber pipe, each way branch regulation and control tuber pipe stretches into in boiler furnace corner part 2~4 layers through regulation and control wind spout and sprays into the boiler.
The invention is further improved in that the system is respectively arranged in the left and right directions of the hearth.
The invention has the further improvement that the main hot air volume led out from the hot primary air side at the outlet of the air preheater is 1-3% of the total operating air volume of the boiler, the low-temperature flue gas volume sucked out by the flue gas ejector is 1-3% of the total operating air volume of the boiler, and the formed regulation and control air volume is 2-6% of the total operating air volume of the boiler.
The invention has the further improvement that the oxygen concentration of the regulating wind in the main regulating wind pipe is controlled to be 5-21%, and the temperature of the regulating wind is controlled to be 150-320 ℃.
The invention has the further improvement that the oxygen concentration of the regulating wind in the main regulating wind pipe is controlled to be 9-17 percent, and the temperature of the regulating wind is controlled to be 190-280 ℃.
The invention is further improved in that for a tangential firing boiler with four corners, the regulating air nozzles are arranged in the reduction zone between the uppermost burner and the over-fire air burner along the height direction of the hearth, and for an impact firing boiler, the regulating air nozzles are arranged in the zone between the lowermost burner and the area below the over-fire air burner along the height direction of the hearth.
The invention has the further improvement that each adjusting and controlling air nozzle adopts a rectangular or round nozzle and is arranged at the position which is 500 mm-1500 mm away from the water cooling wall of the adjacent furnace wall horizontally.
The invention has the further improvement that the wind speed of each layer of regulating and controlling wind nozzles is controlled to be 30-100 m/s, the regulating and controlling wind nozzles can swing in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the swing angle in the horizontal direction is +/-15 degrees, and the swing angle in the vertical direction is +/-25 degrees.
The invention has the further improvement that for the tangential firing boiler with four corners, the rotation direction of the regulating wind airflow formed by the regulating wind nozzles on the same layer is opposite to the rotation direction of the main smoke in the hearth, and for the opposed firing boiler, the opposed airflow is formed in the directions of the front wall and the rear wall of the regulating wind nozzles on the same layer.
The invention is further improved in that a hot air adjusting baffle and a hot air quantity measuring device are arranged on the main hot air pipe, an injection air adjusting baffle is arranged on the injection air pipe, a flue gas adjusting baffle is arranged on the flue gas pipe, a thermometer, an oxygen concentration meter and a main adjusting and controlling air quantity measuring device are arranged on the main adjusting and controlling air pipe, and a sub adjusting and controlling air quantity measuring device and a sub adjusting and controlling air quantity adjusting baffle are arranged on the sub adjusting and controlling air pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention has novel design and reasonable arrangement, and can fundamentally regulate and control the smoke components near the water-cooled wall so as to achieve the aim of preventing and treating high-temperature corrosion. Specifically, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages over the prior art:
(1) The invention firstly provides a method for regulating and controlling the components and the temperature of the flue gas near the water-cooled wall by utilizing high-pressure hot primary air to inject the low-temperature flue gas with relatively high oxygen content and mixing the low-temperature flue gas with the other part of hot primary air, so that the consumption of the hot primary air is reduced, unnecessary transformation on a primary fan is avoided, the rigidity of the regulated and controlled air is ensured to realize full coverage of the water-cooled wall in the width direction, and in addition, the use of secondary air can be avoided to influence the operation condition of a combustor.
(2) Aiming at a four-corner tangential firing boiler, the invention firstly proposes to adopt a regulation wind arrangement mode with the rotation direction opposite to that of main combustion airflow, and mainly regulates and controls the water-cooled wall at the downstream or fire facing side of flue gas in the four-corner tangential firing mode.
(3) The invention firstly provides the control range of the oxygen concentration and the temperature suitable for regulating and controlling the air, so that the proportion control of the hot primary air and the low-temperature flue gas is more accurate, and the flexibility of the operation adjustment of the boiler can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a four corner tangential firing boiler air regulation and control system for injecting flue gas according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an air regulating system of an opposed firing boiler for injecting flue gas according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1 is an air preheater; 2 is a flue close to the direction of the hot primary air; 3 is a hot secondary air duct; 4 is a flue gas outlet pipe; 5 is a hot primary air pipe; 6 is a smoke ejector; 7 is a flue gas pipe; 8 is an ejection air adjusting baffle; 9 is an injection air pipe; 10 is a flue gas adjusting baffle; 11 is a hot air adjusting baffle; 12 is a main hot air pipe; 13 is a hot air quantity measuring device; 14 is a thermometer; 15 is an oxygen concentration meter; 16 is a main regulating air pipe; 17 is a main air quantity regulating and controlling measuring device; 18 are sub-control air pipes; 19 is a regulating wind nozzle; 20 is a separately-controlled air volume measuring device; 21 is a sub-regulation wind regulation baffle; 22 is a hearth; and 23 is a burner.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a boiler air regulation and control system for injecting flue gas, which specifically comprises the following components:
(1) The utility model provides an draw four corners tangential firing boiler regulation and control wind system of flue gas, include the main hot-blast pipe 12 and draw the tuber pipe 9 of drawing formation by the hot primary air side of the 1 export of air heater, the flue 2 that the 1 export of air heater is close to hot primary air direction goes up the trompil and forms flue gas eduction tube 4, the flue gas eductor 6 that provides the high-pressure air supply by drawing tuber pipe 9 draws out back flue gas pipe 7 with the low temperature flue gas of flue gas eduction tube 4, the hot-blast that comes by main hot-blast pipe 12 and the flue gas that comes by flue gas pipe 7 mix and then enter main regulation and control tuber pipe 16 and equally divide into two ways and control tuber pipe 18, each way divides regulation and control tuber pipe 18 to stretch into 2~4 layers of boiler furnace chamber branch and spout into in the boiler through regulation and control wind spout 19. The systems are respectively arranged in the left and right directions of the hearth 22.
(2) The main hot air quantity of the formed regulating and controlling air is 1% -3% of the total running air quantity of the boiler, the low-temperature flue gas quantity sucked by the flue gas ejector is 1% -3% of the total running air quantity of the boiler, and the formed regulating and controlling air quantity is 2% -6% of the total running air quantity of the boiler.
(3) The oxygen concentration of the wind is regulated and controlled to be 5-21%, preferably 9-17%, the temperature of the wind is regulated and controlled to be 150-320 ℃, preferably 190-280 ℃.
When the load of the boiler is 50-75%, the high-temperature corrosion degree is light, the low-temperature flue gas proportion can be properly improved, the hot primary air proportion is reduced, the air oxygen concentration is regulated and controlled to be 9-13%, and the air temperature is regulated and controlled to be 190-235 ℃.
When the load of the boiler is 75-100%, the high-temperature corrosion degree is heavier, the low-temperature flue gas proportion can be properly reduced, the hot primary air proportion is improved, the oxygen concentration of the regulated air is controlled to be 13-17%, and the temperature of the regulated air is controlled to be 235-280 ℃.
(4) For a combustion boiler with tangential four corners, the rotation direction of the regulating air flow formed by the same-layer regulating and controlling air nozzle 19 is opposite to the rotation direction of the main flue gas in the hearth 22, and opposite-impact air flow is formed in the front-back wall direction of the opposite-impact combustion boiler and the same-layer regulating and controlling air nozzle 19.
(5) Each adjusting and controlling air nozzle 19 adopts a rectangular or round nozzle and is arranged at a position which is 500 mm-1500 mm away from the horizontal distance of the adjacent furnace wall water-cooled wall, the air speed of each layer of adjusting and controlling air nozzle is controlled at 30-100 m/s, the adjusting and controlling air nozzles can swing in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the swing angle in the horizontal direction is +/-15 degrees, and the swing angle in the vertical direction is +/-25 degrees.
(6) For a tangential firing boiler with four corners, the regulating and controlling air nozzles 19 are arranged in the reduction region between the uppermost burner and the over-fire air burner along the height direction of the hearth, and for an opposite firing boiler, the regulating and controlling air nozzles 19 are arranged in the region between the lowermost burner and the over-fire air burner along the height direction of the hearth.
(7) Install hot-blast adjusting flap 11 and hot-blast amount of wind measuring device 13 on main tuber pipe 12, install on the induced draft pipe 9 and draw and penetrate wind adjusting flap 8, install flue gas adjusting flap 10 on the flue gas pipe 7, install thermometer 14, oxygen concentration meter 15 and main regulation and control amount of wind measuring device 17 on the main regulation and control tuber pipe 16, install branch regulation and control amount of wind measuring device 20 and branch regulation and control wind adjusting flap 21 on the branch regulation and control tuber pipe 18.
According to the boiler air regulation and control system for ejecting the flue gas, disclosed by the invention, through reasonable flue gas-air proportion distribution and a proper air regulation and control parameter control and arrangement mode, the effective regulation and control of the flue gas components and temperature near the water-cooled wall are realized, an oxidizing atmosphere is formed near the water-cooled wall, the concentration of corrosive gas and the temperature of the flue gas are reduced, and the problem of high-temperature corrosion of the water-cooled wall is fundamentally solved.
Various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A boiler air regulation and control system for injecting smoke is characterized by comprising a main hot air pipe (12) and an injection air pipe (9) which are formed by leading out hot primary air from the outlet of an air preheater (1), wherein the upper part of a flue (2) at the outlet of the air preheater (1) close to the hot primary air direction is provided with a hole to form a smoke outlet pipe (4), a smoke ejector (6) which provides a high-pressure air source by the injection air pipe (9) pumps out low-temperature smoke of the smoke outlet pipe (4), hot air from the main hot air pipe (12) and smoke from the smoke pipe (7) are mixed and then enter a main regulation and control air pipe (16) and are uniformly divided into two branch regulation and control air pipes (18), and each branch regulation and control air pipe (18) extends to 2-4 layers of a boiler furnace corner and is sprayed into a boiler through a regulation and control air nozzle (19);
the oxygen concentration of the regulating air in the main regulating air pipe (16) is controlled to be 5-21%, and the temperature of the regulating air is controlled to be 150-320 ℃;
each air regulating and controlling nozzle (19) adopts a rectangular or circular nozzle and is arranged at a position which is spaced from the water cooling wall of the adjacent furnace wall by 500mm to 1500mm horizontally;
the wind speed of each layer of the air regulating and controlling nozzle (19) is controlled to be 30 to 100m/s, the air regulating and controlling nozzle can swing in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the swing angle in the horizontal direction is +/-15 degrees, and the swing angle in the vertical direction is +/-25 degrees;
the main hot air quantity led out from the hot primary air side of the outlet of the air preheater (1) is 1% -3% of the total air quantity of the boiler in operation, the low-temperature flue gas quantity sucked out by the flue gas ejector (6) is 1% -3% of the total air quantity of the boiler in operation, and the formed regulation and control air quantity is 2% -6% of the total air quantity of the boiler in operation;
for a tangential firing boiler with four corners, the regulating and controlling air nozzles (19) are arranged in a reduction region between the uppermost layer burner and the over-fire air burner along the height direction of the hearth, and for an opposite firing boiler, the regulating and controlling air nozzles (19) are arranged in a region between the lowermost layer burner and the over-fire air burner along the height direction of the hearth;
for the tangential firing boiler with four corners, the rotation direction of the regulation air flow formed by the regulation air nozzles (19) on the same layer is opposite to the rotation direction of the main flue gas in the hearth (22), and for the opposed firing boiler, opposed air flows are formed in the directions of the front wall and the rear wall of the regulation air nozzles (19) on the same layer;
install hot-blast adjusting flap (11) and hot-blast amount of wind measuring device (13) on main tuber pipe (12), install on the induced draft pipe (9) and draw wind adjusting flap (8), install flue gas adjusting flap (10) on flue gas pipe (7), install thermometer (14), oxygen concentration meter (15) and main regulation and control amount of wind measuring device (17) on main regulation and control tuber pipe (16), install branch regulation and control amount of wind measuring device (20) and branch regulation and control wind adjusting flap (21) on branch regulation and control tuber pipe (18).
2. The boiler air regulating and controlling system for injecting flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system is respectively arranged in the left and right directions of a hearth (22).
3. The boiler regulating and controlling air system for injecting flue gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the oxygen concentration of the regulating and controlling air in the main regulating and controlling air pipe (16) is controlled to be 9% -17%, and the temperature of the regulating and controlling air is controlled to be 190-280 ℃.
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| CN202110567908.0A CN113108272B (en) | 2021-05-24 | 2021-05-24 | Boiler regulation and control air system for injecting flue gas |
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| CN202638555U (en) * | 2012-01-29 | 2013-01-02 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Primary air mixing apparatus of coal pulverizer for reducing production of NOx |
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| CN113108272A (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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