CN113106303B - Method for improving ZL114A alloy strength by combining Zn microalloying and double-stage aging system - Google Patents
Method for improving ZL114A alloy strength by combining Zn microalloying and double-stage aging system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the strength of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn microalloying and a double-stage aging system. The method comprises the following steps: smelting ZL114A alloy, and adding 0.1-0.4 wt% of Zn; casting to obtain a cast ingot, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cast ingot, quenching after solid solution treatment, and then carrying out two-stage aging treatment to obtain a product; during the two-stage aging treatment, the primary aging temperature is controlled to be 155-180 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4-10 hours, the secondary aging temperature is controlled to be 105-140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8-15 hours. The invention can ensure the casting process performance of the ZL114A alloy and does not influence the production of large-scale thin-wall complex structure castings, and simultaneously, the strengthening function of Zn is fully exerted through a double-stage aging system, so that beta 'phase and eta' phase are fully precipitated, the types and the number of precipitated phases in the ZL114A alloy after heat treatment are increased, and the strength of the product is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the strength of cast aluminum alloy by combining a microalloying system and a double-stage aging system, belongs to the technical field of aluminum and aluminum alloy casting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the strength of ZL114A alloy by combining a Zn microalloying system and a double-stage aging system.
Background
In recent years, the trend of lightweight and high-reliability manufacturing of aerospace equipment has made higher requirements on fatigue resistance, service life and reliability of cast Al-Si-Mg alloys (such as ZL114A alloy), and improvement of strength, elongation and the like of cast Al-Si-Mg alloys are in urgent need. The ZL114A alloy is a cast Al-Si-Mg alloy which is independently researched and developed in China, has excellent casting process performance, good comprehensive mechanical property and the like, is widely applied to the aerospace industry, and is particularly suitable for producing large thin-wall complex-structure castings, such as missile hangers for fighters, engine casings, fuel shells and the like. At present, under the condition of sand casting, the intensity and the elongation of the ZL114A alloy casting with the wall thickness of 10mm are respectively about 300MPa and 4 percent, and the intensity and the elongation can not adapt to the development of the aerospace industry gradually. Meanwhile, when the strength and the elongation of the ZL114A alloy are improved, the casting process performance of the alloy is ensured, and the production of large thin-wall complex-structure castings is not influenced.
The ZL114A alloy is a heat-treatable (including solution treatment and aging treatment) strengthened aluminum alloy, and after heat treatment, a β ″ phase is generally precipitated, and the strength of the alloy is increased to some extent due to the strengthening effect of the β ″ precipitated phase. There have been some studies on the heat treatment of ZL114A alloy; for example, Liu Gong et al optimizes the heat treatment process of ZL114A alloy, under the condition of metal mold casting, ZL114A alloy casting with the wall thickness of 10mm has the maximum tensile strength of 370MPa after optimized solution treatment and single-stage aging treatment (Liu Gong. ZL114A aluminum alloy large complex casting heat treatment process research [ D ]. Harbin university, 2011), but most of the production of large thin-wall complex structure castings is sand mold casting, and the following well-known methods are adopted: the metal mold has a high cooling speed, a casting structure is dense, heat treatment strengthening can be carried out, the mechanical property is about 15% higher than that of sand casting (https:// baike. so. com/doc/7884052-8158147. html), and how to prepare the ZL114A alloy with excellent performance by matching sand casting with heat treatment is a problem to be solved urgently. In addition, in the searching process, the influence of high content of Zn (1.5 wt%) on the corrosion performance of the ZL114A alloy is also found by the strong people in the country (the strong people in the country, the great founder, the Guo Shiping, etc.. the influence of Zn, Sb, Ti and Zr on the corrosion performance of the ZL114 alloy [ J ]. light metal, 2008, 000(006): 62-64.), but the technology does not relate to the research of strength improvement. Therefore, the method aims at not influencing the casting process performance of the ZL114A alloy and the application of the production of large-scale thin-wall complex structure castings, a scientific two-stage aging system is made by adding a small amount of Zn according to the precipitation characteristics of a beta 'precipitation phase and an eta' precipitation phase, and the types and the number of the precipitation phases in the ZL114A alloy after heat treatment are increased, so that the strength of the ZL114A alloy is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to increase the types and the quantity of precipitated phases in the ZL114A alloy after heat treatment and improve the strength of the ZL114A alloy, the invention provides a method for improving the strength of the ZL114A alloy by combining Zn micro-alloying and a double-stage aging system on the premise of ensuring the casting process performance of the ZL114A alloy.
The invention relates to a method for improving the intensity of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn microalloying and a double-stage aging system; the method comprises the following steps:
step one, microalloying:
smelting ZL114A alloy by a conventional method, and adding 0.1-0.4 wt% of Zn; casting; obtaining a casting;
step two, solution treatment:
carrying out solid solution treatment on the casting obtained in the step one, and carrying out water quenching after the solid solution treatment; obtaining a sample after solution treatment; the temperature is controlled to be 525-545 ℃ during solution treatment, the heat preservation time is 12-16 h, and the quenching water temperature is controlled to be 50-60 ℃ during quenching;
step three, two-stage aging treatment:
performing two-stage aging treatment on the sample subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step two to obtain a finished product; and during the two-stage aging treatment, the temperature of the first-stage aging treatment is 155-180 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4-10 hours, the temperature of the second-stage aging treatment is 105-140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8-15 hours.
The invention relates to a method for improving the intensity of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn microalloying and a double-stage aging system; in the first step; after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: 6.5-7.5 wt%, Mg: 0.45-0.6 wt%, Zn: 0.1-0.4 wt%, Ti: 0.1-0.2 wt%, and the balance of Al.
The invention relates to a method for improving the intensity of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn microalloying and a double-stage aging system; the casting in the first step comprises sand casting. The sand casting used in the invention is a conventional sand casting process.
Preferably, the invention relates to a method for improving the strength of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn microalloying and a double-stage aging system; in the first step; after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: 6.5-7.5 wt%, Mg: 0.45-0.6 wt%, Zn: 0.3-0.38 wt%, Ti: 0.1-0.2 wt%, and the balance of Al.
As a further preferable scheme, the invention provides a method for improving the strength of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn micro-alloying and a double-stage aging system; in the first step; after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: 6.5-7.5 wt%, Mg: 0.45-0.6 wt%, Zn: 0.38wt%, Ti: 0.1-0.2 wt%, and the balance of Al.
As a further preferable scheme, the invention provides a method for improving the strength of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn micro-alloying and a double-stage aging system; in the second step, the casting obtained in the first step is subjected to solid solution treatment, and water quenching is carried out after the solid solution treatment; obtaining a sample after solution treatment; the temperature is controlled to be 535-545 ℃ during the solution treatment, and the heat preservation is carried out for 13 hours.
As a further preferable scheme, the invention provides a method for improving the strength of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn micro-alloying and a double-stage aging system; in the third step, the sample obtained in the second step is subjected to two-stage aging treatment to obtain a finished product; and in the two-stage aging treatment, the temperature of the first-stage aging treatment is 160-170 ℃, the heat preservation time is 6 hours, the temperature of the second-stage aging treatment is 115-125 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours.
The invention relates to a method for improving the intensity of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn microalloying and a double-stage aging system; when the casting process used in the first step is a sand casting process, the tensile strength of the obtained product is 330-358 MPa, and the elongation is 3-6%.
Namely obtaining a ZL114A alloy casting with the wall thickness of 10mm under the condition of sand casting, and then adopting the heat treatment process; the tensile strength of the obtained product is 330-358 MPa, and the elongation is 3-6%.
As a preferred embodiment; the invention relates to a method for improving the intensity of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn microalloying and a double-stage aging system; when the casting process used in the first step is a sand casting process, the tensile strength of the obtained product is 350-358 MPa, and the elongation is 3-6%.
The invention can ensure the casting process performance of the ZL114A alloy and does not influence the production of large-scale thin-wall complex structure castings, and simultaneously, the strengthening function of Zn is fully exerted through a double-stage aging system, so that beta 'phase and eta' phase are fully precipitated, the types and the number of precipitated phases in the ZL114A alloy after heat treatment are increased, and the strength of the product is improved.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the strength of the ZL114A alloy is improved, and simultaneously, the casting process performance is not influenced, and large thin-wall complex-structure castings are produced.
(2) The method for improving the strength of the ZL114A alloy is to increase the types and the number of precipitated phases in the alloy after heat treatment, and a more scientific two-stage aging system is established aiming at the precipitation characteristics of beta '' and eta '' precipitated phases, and the ZL114A alloy after Zn microalloying does not use the original single-stage aging system any more.
(3) By the treatment of the two-stage aging system, under the condition of sand casting, the tensile strength of a ZL114A alloy casting with the wall thickness of 10mm is improved from 300MPa to 358MPa, and the elongation is 3% -6%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a heat treatment profile of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the fluidity of ZL114A alloy without and with 0.3wt% Zn.
FIG. 3 shows the fluidity of ZL114A alloy without and with 0.5wt% Zn.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: 0.15wt% Zn was added to ZL114A alloy in combination with a dual stage ageing schedule.
(1) Micro-alloying: smelting ZL114A alloy by a conventional method, and adding 0.15wt% of Zn; resin sand casting; obtaining a casting part; in the step (1); after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: 7.00wt%, Mg: 0.55wt%, Zn: 0.15wt%, Ti: 0.12wt% and the balance Al.
(2) Solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the casting part obtained in the step (1) according to a conventional method, controlling the temperature to be 540 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature for 13 hours, and controlling the quenching water temperature to be 50-60 ℃;
(3) two-stage aging treatment: and (3) performing two-stage aging treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (2), wherein the first-stage aging temperature is controlled at 165 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 6 hours, and the second-stage aging temperature is controlled at 120 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 hours.
After the above treatment, the tensile strength of ZL114A alloy castings with the wall thickness of 10mm under the sand casting condition is 330MPa, and the elongation is 5%.
Example two: 0.3wt% Zn was added to ZL114A alloy in combination with a dual stage ageing schedule.
(1) Micro-alloying: smelting ZL114A alloy by a conventional method, and adding 0.3wt% of Zn; (ii) a Resin sand casting; obtaining a casting part; in the step (1); after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: 7.00wt%, Mg: 0.55wt%, Zn: 0.30wt%, Ti: 0.12wt% and the balance Al.
(2) Solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the casting part obtained in the step (1) according to a conventional method, controlling the temperature to be 540 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature for 13 hours, and controlling the quenching water temperature to be 50-60 ℃;
(3) two-stage aging treatment: and (3) performing two-stage aging treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (2), wherein the first-stage aging temperature is controlled at 165 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 6 hours, and the second-stage aging temperature is controlled at 120 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 hours.
After the above treatment, the tensile strength of ZL114A alloy castings with the wall thickness of 10mm is 350MPa and the elongation is 4.5% under the sand casting condition.
Example three: 0.38wt% Zn was added to ZL114A alloy in combination with a dual stage ageing schedule.
(1) Micro-alloying: smelting ZL114A alloy by a conventional method, and adding 0.38wt% of Zn; resin sand casting; obtaining a casting part; in the step (1); after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: si: 7.00wt%, Mg: 0.55wt%, Zn: 0.38wt%, Ti: 0.12wt% and the balance Al.
(2) Solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the casting part obtained in the step (1) according to a conventional method, controlling the temperature to be 540 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature for 13 hours, and controlling the quenching water temperature to be 50-60 ℃;
(3) two-stage aging treatment: and (3) performing two-stage aging treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (2), wherein the first-stage aging temperature is controlled at 165 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 6 hours, and the second-stage aging temperature is controlled at 120 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 hours.
After the above treatment, the tensile strength of ZL114A alloy castings with the wall thickness of 10mm under the sand casting condition is 358MPa, and the elongation is 4.0%.
Comparative example one: 0.05wt% Zn was added to ZL114A alloy in combination with a dual stage ageing schedule.
(1) Micro-alloying: smelting ZL114A alloy according to a conventional method, and adding 0.05wt% of Zn; resin sand casting; obtaining a casting part; in the step (1); after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: si: 7.00wt%, Mg: 0.55wt%, Zn: 0.05wt%, Ti: 0.12wt% and the balance Al.
(2) Solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the casting part obtained in the step (1) according to a conventional method, controlling the temperature to be 540 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature for 13 hours, and controlling the quenching water temperature to be 50-60 ℃;
(3) two-stage aging treatment: and (3) performing two-stage aging treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (2), wherein the first-stage aging temperature is controlled at 165 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 6 hours, and the second-stage aging temperature is controlled at 120 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 hours.
After the above treatment, the tensile strength of ZL114A alloy castings with the wall thickness of 10mm under the sand casting condition is 320MPa, and the elongation is 5.2%.
Comparative example two: 0.5wt% Zn was added to ZL114A alloy.
(1) Micro-alloying: smelting ZL114A alloy by a conventional method, and adding 0.5wt% of Zn; resin sand casting; obtaining a casting part; in the step (1); after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: si: 7.00wt%, Mg: 0.55wt%, Zn: 0.50wt%, Ti: 0.12wt% and the balance Al.
0.5wt% of Zn is added into ZL114A alloy, the fluidity of the alloy is reduced from 97.0cm to 82.1cm under sand casting conditions and at the pouring temperature of 720 ℃, the fluidity is reduced by 15.4%, and at the moment, the ZL114A alloy is no longer suitable for producing large thin-wall complex structure castings.
Comparative example three: 0.3wt% Zn was added to the ZL114A alloy but a single stage ageing regime was used.
(1) Micro-alloying: smelting ZL114A alloy by a conventional method, and adding 0.3wt% of Zn; resin sand casting; obtaining a casting part; in the step (1); after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: si: 7.00wt%, Mg: 0.55wt%, Zn: 0.30wt%, Ti: 0.12wt% and the balance Al.
(2) Solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the casting part obtained in the step (1) according to a conventional method, controlling the temperature to be 540 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature for 13 hours, and controlling the quenching water temperature to be 50-60 ℃;
(3) two-stage aging treatment: and (3) carrying out single-stage aging treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (2), controlling the aging temperature at 165 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 6 h.
After the above treatment, the tensile strength of ZL114A alloy castings with the wall thickness of 10mm is 328MPa and the elongation is 5% under the sand casting condition.
Comparative example four: 0.3wt% Zn was added to ZL114A alloy but a two-stage low temperature followed by high temperature ageing regime was used.
(1) Micro-alloying: smelting ZL114A alloy by a conventional method, and adding 0.3wt% of Zn; resin sand casting; obtaining a casting part; in the step (1); after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: 7.00wt%, Mg: 0.55wt%, Zn: 0.30wt%, Ti: 0.12wt% and the balance Al.
(2) Solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the casting part obtained in the step (1) according to a conventional method, controlling the temperature to be 540 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature for 13 hours, and controlling the quenching water temperature to be 50-60 ℃;
(3) two-stage aging treatment: and (3) carrying out low-temperature and high-temperature two-stage aging treatment on the alloy obtained in the step (2), wherein the first-stage aging temperature is controlled at 120 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 10 hours, and the second-stage aging temperature is controlled at 165 +/-5 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 6 hours.
After the above treatment, the tensile strength of ZL114A alloy castings with the wall thickness of 10mm under the sand casting condition is 335MPa, and the elongation is 4.8%.
As can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, the Zn content is too low, the tensile strength of the ZL114A alloy after heat treatment is increased less, the Zn content is too high, the casting process performance of the ZL114A alloy is deteriorated, and the ZL114 alloy is not suitable for producing large thin-wall complex structure castings; in addition, only by combining Zn microalloying and a high-temperature and low-temperature double-stage aging system, the strengthening effect of Zn can be fully exerted, the types and the number of precipitated phases in the ZL114A alloy after heat treatment are increased, and the alloy strength is improved.
Claims (5)
1. A method for improving the strength of ZL114A alloy by combining Zn microalloying and a double-stage aging system; it is characterized in that; the method comprises the following steps:
step one, microalloying:
smelting ZL114A alloy according to a conventional method, and adding Zn into the alloy; casting; obtaining a casting; in the first step; after Zn is added, the contents of the elements are respectively Si: 6.5-7.5 wt%, Mg: 0.45-0.6 wt%, Zn: 0.38wt%, Ti: 0.1-0.2 wt% and the balance of Al;
step two, solution treatment:
carrying out solid solution treatment on the casting obtained in the step one, and carrying out water quenching after the solid solution treatment; obtaining a sample after solution treatment; the temperature is controlled to be 525-545 ℃ during solution treatment, the heat preservation time is 12-16 h, and the quenching water temperature is controlled to be 50-60 ℃ during quenching;
step three, two-stage aging treatment:
performing two-stage aging treatment on the sample subjected to the solution treatment obtained in the step two to obtain a finished product; and in the two-stage aging treatment, the temperature of the first-stage aging treatment is 160-170 ℃, the heat preservation time is 6 hours, the temperature of the second-stage aging treatment is 115-125 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10 hours.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the strength of the ZL114A alloy is improved by a combination of Zn microalloying and a dual stage aging schedule; the method is characterized in that: in the step one, the casting is sand casting.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the strength of the ZL114A alloy is improved by a combination of Zn microalloying and a dual stage aging schedule; the method is characterized in that: in the second step, the casting obtained in the first step is subjected to solid solution treatment, and water quenching is carried out after the solid solution treatment; obtaining a sample after solution treatment; the temperature is controlled to be 535-545 ℃ during the solution treatment, and the heat preservation is carried out for 13 hours.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the strength of the ZL114A alloy is improved by a combination of Zn microalloying and a dual stage aging schedule; the method is characterized in that: when the casting process used in the first step is a sand casting process, the tensile strength of the obtained product is 330-358 MPa, and the elongation is 3-6%.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the strength of ZL114A alloy is improved by a combination of Zn microalloying and a dual stage aging schedule; the method is characterized in that: when the casting process used in the first step is a sand casting process, the tensile strength of the obtained product is 350-358 MPa, and the elongation is 3-6%.
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| CN114703406B (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-12-20 | 湖南大学 | Aluminum alloy containing beta 'phase and theta' phase simultaneously and preparation method thereof |
| CN114737143B (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-30 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Three-stage solid solution secondary aging heat treatment method for ZL114A aluminum-silicon casting alloy |
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| CN108425043A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-08-21 | 大亚车轮制造有限公司 | A kind of Al-Si-Mg-Mn casting alloys of RE Modified and preparation method thereof |
| CN112410690A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-02-26 | 郭洋 | Aging treatment method for improving mechanical property of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy |
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