CN113102759B - Laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate and regulating and controlling preparation method and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate and regulating and controlling preparation method and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate and a regulation and control preparation method and a test method thereof, which solve the problems that the hardness of current pure aluminum is low and the deformation resistance of the aluminum alloy plate is poor. The preparation method for regulating and controlling the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate comprises the following steps: (1) providing quantitative aluminum powder and covering for later use; (2) aluminum powder cold pressing treatment: applying 150-450 Mpa pressure to the aluminum powder for pressing, wherein the pressing amount during pressing is 37.5-50%; (3) heat treatment; (4) cooling the aluminum powder block blank subjected to heat treatment; (5) pressurizing and heating; (6) and carrying out thermoplastic pressing treatment on the heated aluminum powder block blank and the sheath. The invention provides a composite preparation mode of cold pressing, heat treatment and thermoplastic pressing, aluminum powder tissues in the obtained laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate become nearly flaky, a laminated brick structure is formed by mutual overlapping, the average hardness can reach 47HV, and the bending deformation resistance and the shrinkage resistance of the plate are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of regulation and control preparation of high-strength aluminum alloy plates, in particular to a regulation and control preparation method of a laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate, relates to a laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate, and further relates to a test method of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate.
Background
The aluminum alloy and the composite material thereof have the advantages of low density, good thermal stability and strong designability, and are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, mechanical electronics and the like, because a layer of compact oxide film naturally exists on the surface of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy powder, compact aluminum alloy and composite products thereof are difficult to obtain through hot-pressing sintering, therefore, in order to obtain high-performance powder metallurgy aluminum alloy products, the aluminum alloy needs to be subjected to extrusion, rolling or forging and other treatments after sintering, and the extrusion, rolling or forging and other treatments are used for improving the strength and plasticity of the material, so that the aluminum alloy and the composite material thereof are common treatment modes in regulating and controlling preparation of aluminum alloy plates.
The existing aluminum alloy plate uses pure aluminum as a main material, the average hardness of the pure aluminum is 20HV, and the Vickers hardness of the material is low, so that the aluminum alloy plate prepared from the material is easy to generate plastic deformation when resisting acting force applied by pressing in of foreign objects, and the bending deformation resistance and the shrinkage resistance of the aluminum alloy plate are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the existing aluminum alloy plate provided by the background technology uses pure aluminum as a main material, the average hardness of the pure aluminum is 20HV, and the vickers hardness of the material is low, so that when the aluminum alloy plate prepared based on the material resists acting force applied by pressing foreign objects, plastic deformation is easy to occur, and the bending deformation resistance and the shrinkage resistance of the aluminum alloy plate are affected, the invention provides a laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate, a regulation and control preparation method and a test method thereof, and solves the problems provided by the background technology.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a regulation and control preparation method of a laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate comprises the following steps:
(1) providing quantitative aluminum powder and covering for later use;
(2) aluminum powder cold pressing treatment: applying 150-450 Mpa pressure to the aluminum powder for pressing, wherein the pressing amount during pressing is 37.5-50%, and after pressing is finished, maintaining the pressure for 10-20 min, and taking out an aluminum powder block blank;
(3) and (3) heat treatment: heating the aluminum powder block blank to 500-600 ℃ at a certain heating rate, and preserving heat for 2-5 hours;
(4) cooling the aluminum powder block blank after heat treatment, and taking out the aluminum powder block blank;
(5) pressure heating treatment: putting the cooled aluminum powder block blank into a sheath, and then heating the sheath and the aluminum powder block blank;
(6) carrying out thermoplastic pressing treatment on the heated aluminum powder block blank and the sheath to obtain a blank;
(7) and after natural cooling, taking out the blank to obtain the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the aluminum powder is weighed by a spoon or an electronic balance, the shape of the aluminum powder is spherical, flaky or irregular, the oxidized aluminum powder or the aluminum powder mixed with a reinforcing phase is selected as the aluminum powder, and the average particle size of the aluminum powder is 5-20 microns.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, the sheath is made of aluminum alloy material, the wall thickness of the sheath is greater than the maximum value of the length, the width and the height of the aluminum powder block blank, the high-temperature compressive strength of the sheath is more than 100Mpa, and the sheath dimension is 60 × 44 × 40 mm; preferably, the wrapping sleeve is made of 7A60 aluminum alloy.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the cold pressing treatment operation is carried out in a cold pressing forming press, the aluminum powder block blank is of a rectangular block structure, and the compactness of the aluminum powder block blank reaches 70% -80%.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the aluminum powder block blank is put into a heat treatment device for heat treatment; preferably, the heat treatment equipment adopts a resistance furnace, and the temperature rise rate is 10 ℃/min.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, when the aluminum powder block blank after heat treatment is cooled, an air cooling mode or a furnace cooling mode is adopted for cooling.
As a further improvement of the scheme, the sheath and the aluminum powder block blank are placed in a pressurizing device for heating treatment; preferably, the aluminum powder block blank, the sheath and the punch are heated to 150-450 ℃ by using a high-temperature furnace, and then heat preservation is carried out for 1-3 h.
As a further improvement of the above scheme, during the thermoplastic pressing, the pressing amount is regulated according to the plate thickness requirement, the pressing speed is controlled to be 0.1-1 mm/s in the pressing amount regulation process, the pressing amount is 10-20 mm, and during the thermoplastic pressing, the spherical aluminum powder becomes flaky and is orderly arranged, so that the aluminum alloy plate with the core in a 'brick type' laminated structure is obtained.
The invention also provides a laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate, which is prepared by adopting any one of the above regulating and controlling preparation methods.
The invention also provides a test method of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate, which comprises the following steps:
s1 pretreatment of the board: cutting the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate by using a wire cutting machine, and polishing the surface smoothly by using abrasive paper until no deep scratch exists; the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate is prepared by any one of the above regulating and controlling preparation methods;
s2 hardness test: placing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate obtained by the treatment of the step S1 on a plasticine glass sheet for flattening, and then measuring the microhardness;
the micro-hardness measurement can be performed by using an MH-3L type micro-hardness meter, and the average hardness of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate is 47 HV.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate, a regulation and control preparation method and a test method thereof, and the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a composite preparation mode of cold pressing-heat treatment-thermoplastic pressing by combining cold pressing treatment, heat treatment and thermoplastic pressing treatment, and the method is used for regulating and preparing the aluminum alloy plate, so that the average hardness of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate obtained by regulating and controlling can reach 47HV, the hardness of the prepared laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate is improved by 135% compared with pure aluminum with the average hardness of 20HV, and the bending deformation resistance and the shrinkage resistance of the aluminum alloy plate are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate by regulation.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a capsule, upper and lower lids, and a compact using the compact prepared by the preparation method of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the sample of FIG. 2 as it is placed in a thermoplastic pressing apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a drawing of the sample and the sheath after plastic compaction of FIG. 3.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a testing method for laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plates according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
When the existing aluminum alloy plate resists acting force applied by pressing in of a foreign object, plastic deformation is easy to occur, and the bending deformation resistance and the shrinkage resistance of the aluminum alloy plate are influenced. Therefore, the present inventors provide the following embodiments to solve the above problems.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for preparing a laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate, which includes the following steps.
(1) Providing quantitative aluminum powder and sheathing for standby.
And selecting the oxidized aluminum powder, and measuring the aluminum powder by using a spoon. The aluminum powder can be spherical, flaky or irregular, and the average particle size of the aluminum powder is 5-20 mu m. The sheath can be made of aluminum alloy material, the wall thickness of the sheath is larger than the maximum value of the length, the width and the height of the aluminum powder block blank, the high-temperature compression strength of the sheath can be more than 100Mpa, and the sheath dimension can be 60 multiplied by 44 multiplied by 40 mm.
(2) Aluminum powder cold pressing treatment: and (3) applying 150-450 Mpa pressure to the aluminum powder (filled in a cold pressing die) for pressing, wherein the pressing amount during pressing is 9-12 mm, maintaining the pressure for 10-20 min after pressing is finished, and taking out the aluminum powder block blank.
The cold pressing treatment operation can be carried out in a cold pressing forming press, the aluminum powder block blank is of a rectangular block structure, and the compactness of the aluminum powder block blank reaches 70% -80%.
(3) And (3) heat treatment: and heating the aluminum powder block blank (placed in heat treatment equipment) to 500-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2-5 h.
(4) And (4) carrying out air cooling on the aluminum powder block blank after the heat treatment, and then taking out the aluminum powder block blank.
(5) Pressure heating treatment: and putting the cooled aluminum powder block blank into a sheath, and then heating the sheath and the aluminum powder block blank.
And placing the sheath and the aluminum powder block blank into a pressurizing device for heating treatment, wherein the heating treatment specifically comprises the steps of heating the aluminum powder block blank, the sheath and the punch to 150-450 ℃ by using a high-temperature furnace, and then preserving heat for 1-3 h.
(6) And carrying out thermoplastic pressing treatment on the heated aluminum powder block blank and the sheath to obtain a blank.
During thermoplastic pressing, the pressing amount can be regulated according to the plate thickness requirement, the pressing speed is controlled to be 0.1-1 mm/s in the pressing amount regulation process, and the pressing amount is 10-20 mm.
In the thermoplastic pressing process, the spherical aluminum powder can become sheets and is orderly arranged to obtain the aluminum alloy plate with the core in a 'brick type' laminated structure, so that the plate is provided with enough strength and plasticity (toughness).
(7) And after natural cooling, taking out the blank to obtain the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate.
The laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate prepared by the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate regulation and control preparation method is compact in structure, when thermoplastic pressing regulation and control treatment is carried out, tiny aluminum powder tissues in the plate become nearly flaky, the nearly flaky tissues are mutually overlapped to form a laminated brick structure, and the performance of the aluminum alloy plate is improved.
Please refer to fig. 2 to 4, wherein fig. 2 is a diagram of the sheath, the upper and lower covers, and the powder blank, the upper and lower covers and the inner hole of the sheath are matched with each other to form a cavity, the cavity provides a pressing and forming space for the powder blank, the upper and lower covers are movable to facilitate placing the powder blank and facilitating thermoplastic pressing, and then the pressed powder blank can be conveniently taken out by taking out the upper and lower covers. FIG. 3 is a view of the sample being placed in the thermoplastic pressing apparatus, which shows a combination structure of the sheath, the upper cover, the lower cover and the powder blank, wherein the upper cover is higher than the sheath, and the excessive part transmits force to the powder blank when the thermoplastic pressing is performed, so that the powder blank is deformed, the holes are reduced, and the density is improved. And fig. 4 is a diagram of the sample and the sheath after plastic pressing, wherein the diagram shows the pressed sample, after pressing, the height of the upper cover and the lower cover is consistent with that of the sheath, the sheath is integrally deformed, the powder blank is plastically deformed under the action of three-dimensional compressive stress of the sheath, and is further compact and becomes a plate, small aluminum powder tissues in the plate become nearly flaky, the nearly flaky tissues are mutually overlapped to form a laminated brick structure, and the improvement of the performance is facilitated.
The beneficial effects of the invention can be verified as follows: the invention provides a composite preparation mode of cold pressing-heat treatment-thermoplastic pressing by combining cold pressing treatment, heat treatment and thermoplastic pressing treatment, and the method is used for regulating and preparing the aluminum alloy plate, so that the average hardness of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate obtained by regulating and controlling can reach 47HV, the hardness of the prepared laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate is improved by 135% compared with pure aluminum with the average hardness of 20HV, and the bending deformation resistance and the shrinkage resistance of the aluminum alloy plate are improved.
Example 2
The method for preparing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate in this embodiment is basically the same as the method for preparing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate in embodiment 1, except that the method for preparing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps.
(1) Providing quantitative aluminum powder and sheathing for standby.
And selecting the oxidized aluminum powder, and measuring the aluminum powder by using a spoon. The aluminum powder is spherical, flaky or irregular, and the average particle size of the aluminum powder is 9-11 microns.
The sheath is made of 7A60 aluminum alloy, the wall thickness of the sheath is larger than the maximum value of the length, the width and the height of the aluminum powder block blank, the high-temperature compression strength of the sheath is more than 100Mpa, and the sheath dimension is 60 multiplied by 44 multiplied by 40 mm.
(2) Aluminum powder cold pressing treatment: and (3) pressing the aluminum powder (filled into a cold pressing die) by applying a pressure of 400Mpa, wherein the pressing amount is 12mm, maintaining the pressure for 10min after pressing is finished, and taking out the aluminum powder block blank.
The cold pressing treatment operation can be carried out in a cold pressing forming press, the aluminum powder block blank is of a rectangular block structure, and the compactness of the aluminum powder block blank reaches 70% -80%.
(3) And (3) heat treatment: and (3) heating the aluminum powder block blank (placed in a resistance furnace) to 580 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 2 hours.
(4) Carrying out furnace cooling on the aluminum powder block blank subjected to heat treatment, and taking out the aluminum powder block blank; in other embodiments, the aluminum powder block blank after heat treatment is cooled, and water cooling, oil cooling and the like can be adopted according to needs.
(5) Pressure heating treatment: and putting the cooled aluminum powder block blank into a sheath, and then heating the sheath and the aluminum powder block blank.
And the sheath and the aluminum powder block blank are placed in a pressurizing device for heating treatment, and the specific process of the heating treatment is to heat the aluminum powder block blank, the sheath and the punch to 350 ℃ by using a high-temperature furnace and then preserve heat for 1.5 hours.
(6) And carrying out thermoplastic pressing treatment on the heated aluminum powder block blank and the sheath to obtain a blank.
During thermoplastic pressing, the pressing amount is regulated according to the plate thickness requirement, the pressing speed is controlled to be 0.1mm/s in the pressing amount regulation process, and the pressing amount is 15 mm.
In the thermoplastic pressing process, the spherical aluminum powder can become sheets and is orderly arranged to obtain the aluminum alloy plate with the core in a 'brick type' laminated structure, so that the plate is provided with enough strength and plasticity (toughness).
(7) And taking out the blank, and naturally cooling to obtain the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate.
Example 3
The method for preparing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate in the embodiment is basically similar to the method for preparing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate in the embodiment 1, and is different in that aluminum powder mixed with other reinforcing phases can be selected in the step (1) in the embodiment, and the aluminum powder is weighed by an electronic balance.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment discloses a testing method for testing any one of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy sheets of embodiments 1 to 3, which includes the following steps.
S1 pretreatment of the board: and cutting the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate by using a wire cutting machine, and polishing the surface smoothly by using abrasive paper until no deep scratch exists. The laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate is prepared by adopting the regulated preparation method of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate introduced in the embodiments 1 to 3.
S2 hardness test: and (4) placing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate obtained by the treatment of the step S1 on a plasticine glass sheet for flattening, and then measuring the microhardness.
The micro-hardness measurement can be performed by using an MH-3L type micro-hardness meter, and the average hardness of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate is 47 HV. Tests show that the average hardness of the prepared aluminum alloy plate can reach 47HV, and compared with pure aluminum with the average hardness of 20HV, the hardness of the prepared laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate is improved by 135%.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. The method for preparing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate by regulation and control is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) providing quantitative aluminum powder and covering for later use;
(2) aluminum powder cold pressing treatment: applying 150-450 Mpa pressure to the aluminum powder for pressing, wherein the pressing amount during pressing is 37.5-50%, and after pressing is finished, maintaining the pressure for 10-20 min, and taking out an aluminum powder block blank;
(3) and (3) heat treatment: heating the aluminum powder block blank to 500-600 ℃ at a certain heating rate, and preserving heat for 2-5 hours;
(4) cooling the aluminum powder block blank after heat treatment, and taking out the aluminum powder block blank;
(5) pressure heating treatment: putting the cooled aluminum powder block blank into a sheath, and then heating the sheath and the aluminum powder block blank;
(6) performing thermoplastic pressing treatment on the heated aluminum powder block blank and the sheath to obtain a blank, wherein in the thermoplastic pressing process, spherical aluminum powder can become sheets and is further orderly arranged to obtain a blank with a 'brick-type' laminated structure as a core;
(7) and after natural cooling, taking out the blank to obtain the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate.
2. The regulating and controlling preparation method of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum powder is weighed by a spoon or an electronic balance, the aluminum powder is spherical, the aluminum powder is oxidized aluminum powder or aluminum powder mixed with a reinforcing phase, and the average particle size of the aluminum powder is 5-20 μm.
3. The method for preparing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate by regulation and control as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sheath is made of aluminum alloy, the wall thickness of the sheath is greater than the maximum value of the length, the width and the height of the aluminum powder block blank, the high-temperature compressive strength of the sheath is more than 100Mpa, and the sheath dimension is 60 x 44 x 40 mm.
4. The method for preparing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate in a regulating manner according to claim 3, wherein the wrapping sleeve is made of 7A60 aluminum alloy.
5. The regulated preparation method of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein the cold pressing treatment operation is performed in a cold pressing forming press, the aluminum powder block blank is in a rectangular block structure, and the compactness of the aluminum powder block blank reaches 70% -80%.
6. The regulated preparation method of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminum powder block blank is placed into a heat treatment device for heat treatment.
7. The regulated preparation method of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate according to claim 6, wherein the heat treatment equipment is a resistance furnace, and the temperature rise rate is 10 ℃/min.
8. The regulated preparation method of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein when the aluminum powder block blank subjected to the heat treatment is cooled, an air cooling mode or a furnace cooling mode is adopted for cooling.
9. The method for regulating and preparing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate according to claim 1, wherein the sheath and the aluminum powder block blank are placed in a pressurizing device for heating treatment.
10. The method for preparing the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate in a regulating manner according to claim 9, wherein a high-temperature furnace is used for heating the aluminum powder block blank, the sheath and the punch to 150-450 ℃, and then the temperature is kept for 1-3 hours.
11. The regulated production method of a laminated high-strength aluminum alloy sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressing amount is regulated as required by the sheet thickness during the hot plastic pressing, and the pressing speed is controlled to be 0.1 to 1mm/s during the regulation of the pressing amount, and the pressing amount is 10 to 20 mm.
12. A laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate is characterized by being prepared by the regulated preparation method of the laminated high-strength aluminum alloy plate according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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